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Bailes LG, Lickenbrock DM, Swift AR, Rios LJ. Parental sensitivity and intrusiveness with mothers and fathers: Associations between parental behavioral activation/inhibition and infant temperament. INFANCY 2024; 29:571-589. [PMID: 38511388 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors contributing to sensitive parenting is crucial to optimize infant social and emotional functioning. Research has supported the association between parents' personality and parenting quality, but findings are inconsistent when examining various global personality measures. Further, it is likely that the interaction between parent-level (e.g., personality) and infant-level characteristics (e.g., temperament) are more strongly associated with caregiving quality. Most studies examining predictors of parenting quality have only included mothers, compared to fathers. The current study examined the interaction between parental personality and infant temperament and associations with parental sensitivity and intrusiveness with mothers and fathers. The participants included families (n = 102) when the infants were 4, 6, and 8 months old. Using parent report measures and a face-to-face play task, significant main effects of maternal behavioral inhibition on parenting behaviors were observed for mothers. A Behavioral Activation X Infant Negative Reactivity interaction predicted both maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness, whereas a Behavioral Inhibition X Infant Surgency predicted paternal intrusiveness. In summary, the results revealed support for the goodness-of-fit perspective between parents' personality and infant temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Bailes
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diane M Lickenbrock
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alyssa R Swift
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Logan J Rios
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Sun Y, Cheah CSL, Hart CH. Parent-Child Relationship Buffers the Impact of Maternal Psychological Control on Aggression in Temperamentally Surgent Children. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2024; 33:e12722. [PMID: 38736675 PMCID: PMC11086977 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Children's temperamental surgency is associated with later child behavioral problems. However, the underlying mechanisms linking child surgency and child aggression, such as negative parental control, are relatively understudied. Moreover, the potential protective effect of a close parent-child relationship on these associations remains untested, particularly among non-White families. Participants included 259 Chinese American preschoolers (Mage = 4.5 years, SD = 0.9 years, 50% girls) and their mothers (Mage = 37.9 years, SD = 4.7 years), the present study examined the moderating effects of parent-child relationship quality on the association between mother-rated child surgency and teacher-rated child aggression as mediated by maternal psychological control. Overall, results showed that child surgency was linked positively to maternal psychological control, which, in turn led to higher levels of child aggression six months later, but only when the parent-child relationship quality was less optimal. These findings indicate that psychological control is one underlying mechanism linking child temperament and child maladjustment, and that parent-child relationship quality is an important protective factor. Findings also expand an existing theoretical framework by explicating how these variables are applicable to an Asian American population, suggesting the critical buffering role that parent-child relationship quality plays. The study findings inform efforts to mitigate the potential negative effect of psychological control in reducing childhood aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland 21250
| | - Charissa S. L. Cheah
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland 21250
| | - Craig H. Hart
- Department of Family Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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3
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Papoutselou E, Harrison S, Mai G, Buck B, Patil N, Wiggins I, Hartley D. Investigating mother-child inter-brain synchrony in a naturalistic paradigm: A functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning study. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1386-1403. [PMID: 38155106 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Successful social interactions between mothers and children are hypothesised to play a significant role in a child's social, cognitive and language development. Earlier research has confirmed, through structured experimental paradigms, that these interactions could be underpinned by coordinated neural activity. Nevertheless, the extent of neural synchrony during real-life, ecologically valid interactions between mothers and their children remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated mother-child inter-brain synchrony using a naturalistic free-play paradigm. We also examined the relationship between neural synchrony, verbal communication patterns and personality traits to further understand the underpinnings of brain synchrony. Twelve children aged between 3 and 5 years old and their mothers participated in this study. Neural synchrony in mother-child dyads were measured bilaterally over frontal and temporal areas using functional Near Infra-red Spectroscopy (fNIRS) whilst the dyads were asked to play with child-friendly toys together (interactive condition) and separately (independent condition). Communication patterns were captured via video recordings and conversational turns were coded. Compared to the independent condition, mother-child dyads showed increased neural synchrony in the interactive condition across the prefrontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction. There was no significant relationship found between neural synchrony and turn-taking and between neural synchrony and the personality traits of each member of the dyad. Overall, we demonstrate the feasibility of measuring inter-brain synchrony between mothers and children in a naturalistic environment. These findings can inform future study designs to assess inter-brain synchrony between parents and pre-lingual children and/or children with communication needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratia Papoutselou
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham, UK
| | - Samantha Harrison
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham, UK
| | - Guangting Mai
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham, UK
| | - Bryony Buck
- Hearing Sciences - Scottish Section, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nikita Patil
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Wiggins
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham, UK
| | - Douglas Hartley
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Bruce M, Ermanni B, Bell MA. Vocabulary size predicts behavioral problems in emotionally reactive children. EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH QUARTERLY 2024; 67:265-273. [PMID: 38464994 PMCID: PMC10922013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems place children at an increased risk for low academic achievement and socioemotional maladjustment. Children's language skills and level of emotional reactivity have been shown to predict behavioral problems later in development. Yet, there is an absence of research investigating vocabulary by negative emotionality interactions with respect to the development of behavioral problems during early childhood. Our study sought to fill this gap by examining whether the relation between preschool (age 3) vocabulary size and internalizing/externalizing problems during the early school years (age 6) is moderated by preschool negative emotional reactivity, even after controlling for preschool behavioral problems as well as children's socioeconomic background. Longitudinal data was collected from 256 typically developing children (129 girls, 75% White) and their mothers (64% held a college degree). Linear regression analyses revealed moderate rank-order stability in children's internalizing and externalizing problems across this period of development. Evidence of an interaction effect emerged in both the internalizing and externalizing problems regression models. That is, age 3 vocabulary was negatively related to age 6 behavioral problems, but only among children exhibiting higher levels of negative emotional reactivity. Our results indicate that early vocabulary acquisition may serve as a buffer against adverse behavioral outcomes in children with a natural propensity toward expressing negative emotions. These findings point to a more nuanced picture of the relations between language, emotional reactivity, and behavioral problems in childhood, which are discussed in greater detail to inform future intervention and educational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Bruce
- University of Utah, Department of Psychology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Briana Ermanni
- Virginia Tech, Department of Psychology, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Martha Ann Bell
- Virginia Tech, Department of Psychology, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Perry NB, Donzella B, Mliner SB, Reilly EB. Previously institutionalized toddlers' social and emotional competence and kindergarten adjustment: Indirect effects through executive function. Dev Psychol 2023; 59:2175-2188. [PMID: 37650810 PMCID: PMC10872849 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal multimethod data across three time points were examined to explore the associations between previously institutionalized toddlers' (N = 71; 59% female) socioemotional skills (Time Point 1: 18 months to 3-years-old), executive functioning (i.e., attention, working memory, inhibitory control) in the preschool years (Time Point 2: 2-4-years-old), and adjustment in kindergarten (5-6-years-old). Children were from multiple regions (35% Eastern European, 31% Southeast Asian, 25% African, and 9% Latin American), and 90% of adoptive parents were White from the Midwestern United States. Socioemotional competency at Time Point 1 was associated with fewer attention problems and greater inhibitory control at Time Point 2, which were subsequently associated with more observed social competence, greater observed classroom competence, and less teacher-reported teacher-child conflict in kindergarten. Indirect effects from socioemotional competencies in toddlerhood to kindergarten adjustment via executive functioning during the preschool period emerged. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Perry
- Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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Tervahartiala K, Perasto L, Kortesluoma S, Korja R, Karlsson H, Nolvi S, Karlsson L. Latent profile analysis of diurnal cortisol patterns at the ages of 2, 3.5, and 5 years: Associations with childcare setting, child individual characteristics, and maternal distress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 156:106345. [PMID: 37540904 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study performed latent profile analysis from more than 4000 saliva cortisol samples collected from children at the ages of 2 (T1), 3.5 (T2), and 5 years (T3). Three clearly different cortisol profiles were identified. The largest group at every age point was the Low/Regular latent profile, in which the cortisol slopes followed typical diurnal variation. A smaller proportion of the children belonged to the latent profile with relatively Low/Flat slope, and a minority belonged to the High/Fluctuating latent group, where the overall cortisol values and variations between the slopes were clearly higher than in the other groups. Most of the children who belonged to the High/Fluctuating group were cared for at home, they had higher temperamental surgency and their mothers had more depressive symptoms than in the other latent profile groups. However, only moderate intraindividual stability in diurnal cortisol profiles was observed across the follow-up period. On average, half of the children moved between the groups from T1 to T3. Neither child temperament, social competence, nor sex explained the stability or movement between the groups across age. Variations in cortisol profiles may be caused by the child's age, and diurnal cortisol rhythm becomes more regular along with development. Methodological issues regarding saliva cortisol research in young children are discussed. Also, more longitudinal research is needed to clarify mechanisms between environmental as well as individual factors and possible dysregulation in a child's HPA axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Tervahartiala
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 6, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Jyväskylä and University of Turku, Mattilanniemi 6, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland; The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura Perasto
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Kortesluoma
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Jyväskylä and University of Turku, Mattilanniemi 6, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland; The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Jyväskylä and University of Turku, Mattilanniemi 6, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland; The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
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7
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Sousa M, Peixoto MM, Cruz O, Cruz S. The Relationship Between Temperament Characteristics and Emotion Regulation Abilities in Institutionalized and Noninstitutionalized Children. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2023; 68:1-13. [PMID: 37361514 PMCID: PMC10185962 DOI: 10.1007/s12646-023-00735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the role of institutionalization and temperament dimensions on emotion regulation and negative lability in school-aged (6-10 years) children. Participants were 46 institutionalized (22 boys; 24 girls) and 48 noninstitutionalized children (23 boys; 25 girls), matched in age and sex. Emotion regulation and negative lability were assessed with the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). The School-Age Temperament Inventory (SATI) was used to measure temperament dimensions. No significant between-group differences emerged in temperament dimensions, emotion regulation and negative lability. After controlling for institutionalization status, results indicated that (a) approach/withdrawal (sociability) and persistence positively predicted emotion regulation, (b) negative reactivity positively predicted negative lability, and (c) persistence negatively predicted negative lability. Institutionalization did not predict emotion regulation or negative lability. The protective role that specific temperament characteristics, such as persistence and approach/withdrawal (sociability), may have for at risk populations (e.g., institutionalized) and typically developing (e.g., noninstitutionalized) children is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sousa
- The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center, Lusíada University - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Peixoto
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Sciences of Education of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Cruz
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Sciences of Education of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cruz
- The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center, Lusíada University - Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Dollar JM, Perry NB, Calkins SD, Shanahan L, Keane SP, Shriver L, Wideman L. Longitudinal associations between specific types of emotional reactivity and psychological, physical health, and school adjustment. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:509-523. [PMID: 35034683 PMCID: PMC9288564 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using a multimethod, multiinformant longitudinal design, we examined associations between specific forms of positive and negative emotional reactivity at age 5, children's effortful control (EC), emotion regulation, and social skills at age 7, and adolescent functioning across psychological, academic, and physical health domains at ages 15/16 (N = 383). We examined how distinct components of childhood emotional reactivity directly and indirectly predict domain-specific forms of adolescent adjustment, thereby identifying developmental pathways between specific types of emotional reactivity and adjustment above and beyond the propensity to express other forms of emotional reactivity. Age 5 high-intensity positivity was associated with lower age 7 EC and more adolescent risk-taking; age 5 low-intensity positivity was associated with better age 7 EC and adolescent cardiovascular health, providing evidence for the heterogeneity of positive emotional reactivity. Indirect effects indicated that children's age 7 social skills partially explain several associations between age 5 fear and anger reactivity and adolescent adjustment. Moreover, age 5 anger reactivity, low-, and high-intensity positivity were associated with adolescent adjustment via age 7 EC. The findings from this interdisciplinary, long-term longitudinal study have significant implications for prevention and intervention work aiming to understand the role of emotional reactivity in the etiology of adjustment and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Dollar
- Department of Kinesiology and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Nicole B. Perry
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Susan D. Calkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Department of Psychology and Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich
| | - Susan P. Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Lenka Shriver
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Vogel AC, Brotman MA, Roy AK, Perlman SB. Review: Defining Positive Emotion Dysregulation: Integrating Temperamental and Clinical Perspectives. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:297-305. [PMID: 36007814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although emotion dysregulation has been defined as a maladaptive process of emotional experiences, there is no specific reference to the emotional valence of the dysregulation. To date, child psychiatry has focused primarily on dysregulation of negative affect. Here, we suggest that positive emotion dysregulation requires additional clinical and research attention. METHOD First, we present a developmental approach to the study of positive emotion regulation within a temperament framework. Second, we describe emerging research findings regarding dysregulation of positive emotion in early childhood. Third, we integrate neuroscientific approaches to positive emotion regulation and introduce a framework for future investigations and clinical applications. RESULTS Dysregulation in positive affect can be examined from temperamental, developmental, clinical, and neuroscientific perspectives. Both temperamental surgency, which includes positive affect, and the proposed clinical extension, excitability, are associated with increased risk of externalizing symptoms and clinical impairment in youth. CONCLUSION Studying the role of both temperamental surgency and clinically impairing positive affect, or excitability, in developmental psychopathology will help to elucidate the full spectrum of emotion dysregulation and to clarify the neural basis of dysregulation. A more comprehensive conceptualization of positively valanced emotion dysregulation will provide a more nuanced understanding of developmental risk and potential targets for intervention. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia C Vogel
- Drs. Vogel and Perlman are with Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Brotman is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Roy is with Fordham University, Bronx, New York.
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- Drs. Vogel and Perlman are with Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Brotman is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Roy is with Fordham University, Bronx, New York
| | - Amy Krain Roy
- Drs. Vogel and Perlman are with Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Brotman is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Roy is with Fordham University, Bronx, New York
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Drs. Vogel and Perlman are with Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Brotman is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Roy is with Fordham University, Bronx, New York
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Ruiz‐Ortiz R, Braza P, Carreras R, Muñoz JM. Does surgency moderate the relationship between parenting and children's aggression in middle childhood? INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ruiz‐Ortiz
- Department of Psychology University of Cadiz. Avda Puerto Real Spain
| | - Paloma Braza
- Department of Psychology University of Cadiz. Avda Puerto Real Spain
| | - Rosario Carreras
- Department of Psychology University of Cadiz. Avda Puerto Real Spain
| | - José Manuel Muñoz
- Department of Psychology University of Cadiz. Avda Puerto Real Spain
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Vaughan HS, Teglasi H. Preschoolers' temperament and social functioning in novel and routine contexts. Front Psychol 2022; 13:975110. [PMID: 36619022 PMCID: PMC9813665 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.975110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The centrality of social competence to children's short and long-term well-being has sparked interest in the factors that contribute to its development, including temperament, a set of biologically based dispositions. A large body of work documents two types of temperamental dispositions associated with young children's social functioning: reactivity and regulation. There is consensus about the detrimental effects of negative reactive tendencies, called negative affective reactivity (NA), and about the beneficial effects of regulatory tendencies, called effortful control (EC), on social functioning. Another reactive component of temperament, Extraversion/Surgency (E/S) is less consistent in its relation with social functioning. Although NA is exacerbated by lack of familiarity, its contribution to social functioning in novel and routine contexts has not been systematically addressed. Methods To test this study's hypotheses, we devised a structured interview of adaptive responsiveness in context (ARC) which was completed by parents of preschoolers along with a comprehensive temperament questionnaire. Additionally, children completed an individually administered task measuring emotion-situation knowledge (N = 92) and their teachers completed a standard social competence questionnaire. Results and Discussion A path analysis that controlled for variance shared across contexts and temperamental traits showed that NA was the only unique predictor of social functioning in the Novel context, that EC was the only unique predictor of social functioning in the Routine context and that E/S was not a unique predictor of social functioning in either context. Bivariate analyses, conducted without controlling for context overlap, showed all reactive emotional traits (subsumed within NA and E/S) to correlate exclusively with ARC in the Novel contexts. However, regulatory traits showed a mixed pattern. Inhibitory Control correlated with ARC in both contexts but more highly in the Routine context, and Perceptual Sensitivity correlated with ARC in the Novel context.
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Brown KM, Pérez-Edgar K, Lunkenheimer E. Understanding How Child Temperament, Negative Parenting, and Dyadic Parent-Child Behavioral Variability Interact to Influence Externalizing Problems. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 31:1020-1041. [PMID: 36569337 PMCID: PMC9786603 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the development of externalizing behavior, the current study examines how multiple levels of influence (child temperament, negative parenting, and dyadic interactions) work together to increase externalizing behaviors over time. Negative parenting (NP) and observed dynamic dyadic behavioral variability (DBV) in parent-child interactions (e.g., in discipline and compliance) are characteristic of coercive family processes. The present study first examined latent profiles of temperament in 3-year-olds (N = 150). Four temperament profiles emerged: high reactive, exuberant, low reactive, and inhibited. Temperament profiles were then examined as moderators of the effects of age 3 NP and DBV on child externalizing problems at age 4. Exuberant temperament exacerbated the association between higher levels of NP and DBV and higher levels of child externalizing. Additionally, temperament moderated the combined effects of NP and DBV such that at low and mean levels of NP, children with exuberant temperaments who experienced higher DBV had higher externalizing behaviors, whereas at higher levels of NP, the influence of DBV was no longer significant. Results suggest pathways by which children's experiences of NP and DBV with parents contribute to their greater externalizing problems over time, in the context of the child's unique temperament profile.
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Augustine ME, Moding KJ, Stifter CA. Person-centered profiles of child temperament: A comparison of coder, mother, and experimenter ratings. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 68:101725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Geckeler KC, Barch DM, Karcher NR. Associations between social behaviors and experiences with neural correlates of implicit emotion regulation in middle childhood. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1169-1179. [PMID: 35136189 PMCID: PMC9019026 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation is essential for successful social interactions and function, which are important aspects of middle childhood. The current study is one of the first to examine associations between neural correlates of implicit emotion regulation and indices of social behavior and experience during late middle childhood. We examined neural activation during the implicit emotion regulation condition of the Emotional N-back task using data from 8987 9- to 11-year-olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ study. The brain regions assessed included areas linked to social cognition, social behavior, and emotion recognition, including the amygdala, insula, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobe. Greater number of close friends was associated with significantly higher activation of the fusiform gyrus, insula, temporoparietal junction, inferior parietal lobe, and superior temporal gyrus during implicit emotion regulation. Greater reciprocal social impairments were linked to decreased fusiform gyrus activation during implicit emotion regulation. More experiences of discrimination were associated with a significantly lower activation in the middle temporal gyrus during implicit emotion regulation. This study provides evidence that both positive and negative indices of children's social experiences and behaviors are associated with neural correlates of implicit emotion regulation during late middle childhood. These findings suggest that both positive and negative indices of social behavior and experience, including those within and not within the youth's control, are associated with generally unique neural correlates during implicit emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keara C Geckeler
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Gao MM, Speck B, Ostlund B, Neff D, Shakiba N, Vlisides-Henry RD, Kaliush PR, Molina NC, Thomas L, Raby KL, Crowell SE, Conradt E. Developmental foundations of physiological dynamics among mother-infant dyads: The role of newborn neurobehavior. Child Dev 2022; 93:1090-1105. [PMID: 35404480 PMCID: PMC10069953 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study tested whether newborn attention and arousal provide a foundation for the dynamics of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in mother-infant dyads. Participants were 106 mothers (Mage = 29.54) and their 7-month-old infants (55 males and 58 White and non-Hispanic). Newborn attention and arousal were measured shortly after birth using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale. Higher newborn arousal predicted a slower return of infant RSA to baseline. Additionally, greater newborn attention predicted mothers' slower return to baseline RSA following the still-face paradigm, and this effect only held for mothers whose infants had lower newborn arousal. These findings suggest that newborn neurobehavior, measured within days of birth, may contribute to later mother-infant physiological processes while recovering from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailey Speck
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brendan Ostlund
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dylan Neff
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nila Shakiba
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Parisa R Kaliush
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Leah Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - K Lee Raby
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sheila E Crowell
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of OB/GYN, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth Conradt
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of OB/GYN, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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16
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Williams CD, Lozada FT, Hood KB, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Jahromi LB, Updegraff KA. Mexican-origin 5-year-old children's ethnic-racial identity centrality and attitudes predicting social functioning. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 28:158-170. [PMID: 34843297 PMCID: PMC9670273 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early childhood is an important developmental period to focus on the outcomes associated with ethnic-racial identity (ERI) given that children notice racial differences, are processing information about ethnicity and race, and have race-related experiences. The present study tested whether three components of ERI (i.e., positive attitudes, negative attitudes, and centrality) predicted children's social functioning (i.e., interactive, disruptive, and disconnected play with peers; externalizing behaviors; and observed frustration and cooperation with an adult). Child sex was also tested as a moderator. METHOD The present study included 182 5-year-old Mexican-origin children (57% male) of mothers who entered parenthood during adolescence (M = 21.95, SD = 1.00). RESULTS Children's positive ethnic-racial attitudes were associated with greater social functioning (i.e., greater interactive play and less externalizing behaviors) among boys and girls, and less frustration among boys. Negative ethnic-racial attitudes predicted maladaptive social functioning (i.e., greater disruptive play) among boys and girls and more disconnected play among girls. Contrary to expectations, ethnic-racial centrality predicted boys' and girls' maladaptive social functioning (i.e., greater disruptive and disconnected play). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of fostering children's positive ethnic-racial attitudes and helping them discuss and cope with negative ethnic-racial attitudes to promote more adaptive social functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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17
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Ren L, Li X, Yin J, Cheah CS. Chinese preschoolers' extracurricular activity involvement: Child temperament and school readiness as predictors. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Kravitz SBR, Walker OL, Degnan KA. Toddler Exuberance as an Influence on Positive Social Behavior in a High-Intensity Context in Middle Childhood. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 31:232-247. [PMID: 35330663 PMCID: PMC8939898 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Exuberance, a profile of temperament characterized in toddlerhood by high approach motivation, positive affect, and sociability, is associated with both adaptive and maladaptive socioemotional outcomes. The aims of the current study were to introduce a novel approach/avoidance-eliciting social task, as well as longitudinally extend our understanding of toddlerhood exuberance to outcomes in middle childhood. Specifically, affect and social behavior at age seven during a high-intensity game were compared to that observed during a low-intensity freeplay task. As part of a longitudinal study, 291 infants were selected at 4 months for a wide range of reactivity to novelty. The sample was assessed repeatedly across early childhood (9, 24, and 36 months of age) and at 7 years of age. A high exuberance profile was formed with approach, positive, and sociable behaviors observed in the laboratory from 4 to 36 months. At 7 years of age, affect and social behavior were assessed during high- and low-intensity interactions with an unfamiliar peer in the laboratory. Path Analyses using structural equation models demonstrated that a high exuberance profile was associated with greater positive social behavior at age 7 during a high-intensity game, but not negative social behavior or behavior during a low-intensity freeplay task. These results illuminate the need for targeted methodology, such as high-intensity approach/avoidance-eliciting social tasks, in order to clarify the links between early temperament and adaptive or maladaptive socioemotional outcomes across development.
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19
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Tervahartiala K, Kortesluoma S, Pelto J, Ahtola A, Karlsson H, Nolvi S, Karlsson L. Children's diurnal cortisol output and temperament in two different childcare settings at 2 and 3.5 years of age. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63 Suppl 1:e22223. [PMID: 34964496 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that child temperament may play an important role in early childhood stress regulation. We compared children's diurnal cortisol and the association between cortisol and temperament in two different childcare settings. Cortisol was measured from saliva samples over 2 days in children (N = 84) attending out-of-home childcare and in children (N = 27), who were cared for at home at the age of 3.5 years. There was no difference between the childcare groups in total diurnal cortisol. However, of the individual measurements, afternoon cortisol levels were higher in the out-of-home childcare group during their childcare day when compared with their home day. Child temperament was not associated with total diurnal cortisol. Comparison with our prior measurements showed that the association between temperamental surgency/extroversion and total diurnal cortisol diminished along with the child age from 2 to 3.5 years in both childcare settings. This may indicate that more extroverted children are physiologically more reactive to environmental stimuli when they are younger, but this association does not appear as the children develop. Our results further suggest that the afternoon hours in the out-of-home childcare may be demanding and accelerate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in young children independent of their age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Tervahartiala
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Kortesluoma
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Pelto
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Annarilla Ahtola
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland.,Charité Universitätsmedizin - Berlin, A Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
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20
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Nuske HJ, Shih WI, Sparapani N, Baczewski L, Dimachkie Nunnally A, Hochheimer S, Garcia C, Castellon F, Levato L, Fischer E, Atkinson-Diaz ZL, Li J, Mandell DS, Kasari C. Self-regulation predicts companionship in children with autism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 68:889-899. [PMID: 36568619 PMCID: PMC9788710 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1917109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-regulation is associated with many positive outcomes in children with and without autism, including increased mental health and academic achievement, and decreased problem behavior. Less is known regarding whether and how self-regulation and symptoms of mental health challenges (internalizing and externalizing problems) relate to social outcomes, such as friendship quality and loneliness. Parents and teachers of 106 children with autism aged 5-12 reported on children's self-regulation difficulties and externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Four-to-five months later, children reported on the quality of their friendship with their best friend (companionship, conflict, helpfulness, sense of relationship security, closeness), and their feelings of loneliness. Linear regression was used to examine the effects of self-regulation and symptoms of mental health challenges on friendship quality and loneliness. Less self-regulation difficulties predicted stronger companionship and girls had better quality friendships with their best friend than did boys, in terms of companionship, helpfulness, security and closeness, confirming that they have a protective advantage in friendship development. Autism symptoms, IQ, and age were not associated with friendship quality or loneliness. Results highlight the importance of self-regulation and mental health interventions for school-aged children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Nuske
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wendy I. Shih
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Sparapani
- University of California Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Baczewski
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Samantha Hochheimer
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Consuelo Garcia
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fernanda Castellon
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynne Levato
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Erin Fischer
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennica Li
- University of California Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David S. Mandell
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connie Kasari
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Perry NB, Dollar JM. Measurement of Behavioral Emotion Regulation Strategies in Early Childhood: The Early Emotion Regulation Behavior Questionnaire (EERBQ). CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:779. [PMID: 34572211 PMCID: PMC8467461 DOI: 10.3390/children8090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Early Emotion Regulation Behavior Questionnaire (EERBQ) assesses children's emotion regulation (ER) behavioral strategies in both positive and negative emotional contexts. Psychometric properties and factor structure were tested in a sample of caregivers across the United States (N = 362) with children ages 2-6 years-old (56% male; 73% White). Findings suggest that the EERBQ is psychometrically sound and correlates with other well-established measures of children's socioemotional functioning. Previously, researchers have only been able to assess children's emotional behavioral regulatory strategies in a laboratory setting. Thus, use of the EERBQ addresses a critical gap in the current literature by providing researchers and practitioners with an instrument to measure young children's early emotional functioning outside of a laboratory context. This is particularly salient because early difficulty regulating emotions is often a precursor to persistent adverse developmental outcomes. Thus, the ability to easily to collect rich and predictive behavioral regulation data is imperative for early identification and treatment of youths' emotional and behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Perry
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jessica M. Dollar
- Kinesiology and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
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22
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Joas J, Möhler E. Maternal Bonding in Early Infancy Predicts Childrens' Social Competences in Preschool Age. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:687535. [PMID: 34489753 PMCID: PMC8416914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.687535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are many studies on mother-child-bonding with little theoretical doubt that better bonding may have a positive effect on further social development. However, there is hardly any empirical evidence. In particular, there is a lack prospective longitudinal studies. Methods: As part of a longitudinal study, bonding was assessed in a community sample of 97 healthy mothers using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) 6 weeks after birth of their child. Social competencies in the offspring were assessed using the Self- and Other-oriented Social Competencies (SOCOMP) at 5.5 years of age. A potential correlation between bonding and social competencies was tested using Spearman Rank Correlation. Results: Retention rate over 5.5 years was 77.23%. Lower Maternal Bonding Impairment Scores 6 weeks postnatally were positively related to childrens' social competences at 5.5 years of age. Conclusion: The present data confirm a positive and long-term influence of bonding on social skills and provide further evidence of the importance of parent child bonding for child development in general. This result should give reason to further investigate this relationship in depth, causally and at later points in time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Möhler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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23
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Richter M, Lickenbrock DM. Cardiac physiological regulation across early infancy: The roles of infant surgency and parental involvement with mothers and fathers. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 64:101597. [PMID: 34119740 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and infant temperament are associated with a child's ability to self-regulate, but moderators of this association have not been thoroughly examined in the literature. Parents who are more involved might have more opportunities to interact with and soothe their children. The current study examined whether parental involvement moderated the association between infant temperament and baseline RSA with mothers and fathers across early infancy. Participants included families (n = 91) assessed at 4 and 8 months of age. Infant temperamental surgency and parental involvement were measured via parent-report when infants were 4 months old, and infant baseline RSA was measured at 4 and 8 months of age. Results revealed differences in mother versus father predictors of infant baseline RSA. A significant Infant Surgency X Maternal Play interaction was revealed; infants of mothers who were low involvement increased in their baseline RSA as their surgency increased. A significant main effect of father care was found; infants with highly involved fathers had higher baseline RSA. In conclusion, mothers and fathers may differentially influence their infant's cardiac physiological regulation based on their specific type of involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Richter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, United States
| | - Diane M Lickenbrock
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, United States.
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24
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Fox M, Lee SM, Wiley KS, Lagishetty V, Sandman CA, Jacobs JP, Glynn LM. Development of the infant gut microbiome predicts temperament across the first year of life. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1-12. [PMID: 34108055 PMCID: PMC9463039 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations to the gut microbiome are implicated in altered neurodevelopmental trajectories that may shape life span risk for emotion dysregulation and affective disorders. However, the sensitive periods during which the microbiome may influence neurodevelopment remain understudied. We investigated relationships between gut microbiome composition across infancy and temperament at 12 months of age. In 67 infants, we examined if gut microbiome composition assessed at 1-3 weeks, 2, 6, and 12 months of age was associated with temperament at age 12 months. Stool samples were sequenced using the 16S Illumina MiSeq platform. Temperament was assessed using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R). Beta diversity at age 1-3 weeks was associated with surgency/extraversion at age 12 months. Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae abundance at 1-3 weeks of age was positively associated with surgency/extraversion at age 12 months. Klebsiella abundance at 1-3 weeks was negatively associated with surgency/extraversion at 12 months. Concurrent composition was associated with negative affectivity at 12 months, including a positive association with Ruminococcus-1 and a negative association with Lactobacillus. Our findings support a relationship between gut microbiome composition and infant temperament. While exploratory due to the small sample size, these results point to early and late infancy as sensitive periods during which the gut microbiome may exert effects on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Fox
- Department of Anthropology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S. Melanie Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyle S. Wiley
- Department of Anthropology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curt A. Sandman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura M. Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
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25
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Caporaso JS, Marcovitch S. The effect of taxing situations on preschool children’s responses to peer conflict. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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White AS, Sirota KM, Frohn SR, Swenson SE, Rudasill KM. Temperamental Constellations and School Readiness: A MultiVariate Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E55. [PMID: 33374772 PMCID: PMC7795607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study uses canonical correlation analyses to explore the relationship between multiple predictors of school readiness (i.e., academic readiness, social readiness, and teacher-child relationship) and multiple temperamental traits using data from the second wave (age 54 months, n = 1226) of the longitudinal Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD; NICHD ECCRN 1993). This longitudinal study collected data on a large cohort of children and their families from birth through age 15. For academic readiness, only one temperamental constellation emerged, representing the construct of effortful control (i.e., high attentional focusing, high inhibitory control). For peer interactions, two significant constellations emerged: "dysregulated" (low inhibitory control, low shyness, and high activity), and "withdrawn" (high shyness, low inhibitory control, low attentional focusing). Finally, the analyses exploring child-teacher relationships revealed two significant constellations: "highly surgent" (high activity, low inhibitory control, low shyness) and "emotionally controlled" (low anger/frustration and high inhibitory control). Results of this study form a more nuanced exploration of relationships between temperamental traits and indicators of school readiness than can be found in the extant literature, and will provide the groundwork for future research to test specific hypotheses related to the effect temperamental constellations have on children's school readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. White
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (A.S.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Kate M. Sirota
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (A.S.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | | | - Sara E. Swenson
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (A.S.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.E.S.)
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27
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Morales-Muñoz I, Nolvi S, Virta M, Karlsson H, Paavonen EJ, Karlsson L. The longitudinal associations between temperament and sleep during the first year of life. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 61:101485. [PMID: 32956980 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Temperament and sleep in infants are related but also distinct concepts. The longitudinal effects of temperament on sleep in infancy remain unclear, although this information is potentially important for the prevention and treatment of early sleep problems. We examined how various temperament features influence sleep development during the first year of life in a large birth cohort. This study comprised mother-infant dyads with complete longitudinal data on sleep, temperament and sociodemographic measurements at six and 12 months (N = 1436). We observed that higher infant Negative Affectivity was related to several sleep problems, and that many subscales of Negative Affectivity and Orienting/Regulation predicted worse sleep and deterioration in sleep problems from six to 12 months. Few associations between Surgency and sleep were found. Our findings highlight especially Negative Affectivity as a risk factor for persistent and increasing sleep problems, and also the specific importance of the fine-grained aspects of temperament in predicting infant sleep development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Morales-Muñoz
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany; Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Virta
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - E Juulia Paavonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Pediatric Research Center, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
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Interaction between maternal and paternal parenting styles with infant temperament in emerging behavior problems. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101323. [PMID: 31103746 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the interaction effects of infant temperament (negative affect, orienting/regulatory capacity, surgency) on the relationship between maternal and paternal parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and externalizing and internalizing behaviors simultaneously. A diverse sample of mothers (N = 186) and fathers (N = 142) reported on infant temperament of their 6-month-olds and their children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors one year later. Significant interactions revealed: (a) surgency moderated maternal authoritative and paternal permissive parenting style and externalizing behaviors; and (b) surgency moderated maternal authoritarian and paternal authoritative parenting style and internalizing behaviors. No significant interactions were found between maternal and paternal parenting styles and their report of their infants' orienting/regulatory capacity and negative affect. Findings suggest interaction effects may appear beginning in infancy.
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29
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Leaberry KD, Rosen PJ, Slaughter KE, Reese J, Fogleman ND. Temperamental negative affect, emotion-specific regulation, and concurrent internalizing and externalizing pathology among children with ADHD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:311-324. [PMID: 30905024 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-019-00294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience high rates of temperamental negative affect and comorbid internalizing and externalizing pathology. The current study explored the role of emotion-specific regulation in accounting for the link between temperamental negative affect and psychopathology among children with ADHD. Forty parents of children ages 8-11 (N =29 males, N =11 females) completed measures of child temperament, emotion-specific dysregulation (i.e., anger dysregulation, sadness dysregulation), and psychopathology. Children completed a measure of emotion-specific dysregulation. Results revealed that anger dysregulation fully statistically accounted for the relationship between temperamental negative affect and concurrent externalizing problems. Sadness dysregulation did not account for the relationship between temperamental negative affect and internalizing problems. These novel findings implicate the robust role of anger dysregulation in explaining the link between temperamental negative affect and concurrent externalizing pathology. The results of this study have significant implications for the treatment of emotionally driven externalizing behavior among children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten D Leaberry
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building, Room 317, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Paul J Rosen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building, Room 317, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Kelly E Slaughter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building, Room 317, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Joseph Reese
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building, Room 317, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Nicholas D Fogleman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building, Room 317, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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30
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Hipson WE, Coplan RJ, Séguin DG. Active emotion regulation mediates links between shyness and social adjustment in preschool. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will E. Hipson
- Department of Psychology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Robert J. Coplan
- Department of Psychology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Daniel G. Séguin
- Department of Psychology Mount Saint Vincent University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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31
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Liang X, Liu M, Wang M, Yu J, Wang Z, Lu S. Infant withdrawal and behavior problems in urban Chinese toddlers: Roles of maternal sensitivity to infant distress and emerging delay ability. Infant Ment Health J 2019; 40:248-262. [PMID: 30779855 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using a longitudinal design, this study examined the associations between infant temperamental withdrawal and behavior problems during toddlerhood and tested the moderating effects of maternal sensitivity to infant distress (MSID) and toddlers' ability to delay gratification (ADG) in urban Chinese families. Participants were 84 Chinese children (37 boys, 47 girls) and their mothers. When the infants were 6 months old (T1: infancy), their mothers reported their temperamental withdrawal, and research assistants observed and coded MSID by using a subscale of the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort during free-play interaction. When the toddlers were 1 year old (T2: early toddlerhood), their mothers reported their internalizing and externalizing problems. When the toddlers were 2 years old (T3: late toddlerhood), their mothers again reported their internalizing and externalizing problems, and their abilities of delay gratification were assessed through a laboratory-based procedure. Infant temperamental withdrawal was associated with increased internalizing problems in early toddlerhood and increased externalizing problems during middle to late toddlerhood; infants whose mothers were extremely high sensitive or low sensitive to their distress or those with late poor ability of delay gratification were at particular risk. The findings highlight the importance of matching parenting and promotion of self-control for temperamental withdrawn children's optimal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liang
- Research Centre for Child Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Education, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Meifang Wang
- Elementary Education College, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Elementary Education College, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Research Centre for Child Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Research Centre for Child Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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32
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Amédée LM, Tremblay‐Perreault A, Hébert M, Cyr C. Child victims of sexual abuse: Teachers' evaluation of emotion regulation and social adaptation in school. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martine Hébert
- Département de sexologieUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréal Québec Canada
| | - Chantal Cyr
- Département de psychologieUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréal Québec Canada
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33
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Miller GM, Tolan PH. The influence of parenting practices and neighborhood characteristics on the development of childhood aggression. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:135-146. [PMID: 30506931 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the way in which neighborhood impoverishment, neighborhood social processes, and parenting practices relate to the development of aggressive behavior among children aged 6-8 years raised in low-income neighborhoods. A total of 424 children (male = 207, female = 217) and their families participated in the study. Hierarchical linear regression revealed that neighborhood impoverishment, neighborhood social processes, and parental monitoring/supervision were associated with childhood aggression 2 years later. Neighborhood social processes did not mediate the relation between neighborhood impoverishment and childhood aggression, nor did parental monitoring/supervision mediate the relation between neighborhood characteristics and childhood aggression. Children residing in neighborhoods with substantial poverty are at greater risk of developing aggressive behavior. Strong neighborhood social processes and high levels of parental supervision/monitoring are associated with lower levels of aggression. Despite the protective benefits of neighborhood social processes and high-quality parenting, neighborhood economic deprivation continues to elevate risk of developing aggressive behavior.
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Schmidt B, Bolze SDA, Vieira ML, Crepaldi MA. Percepções Parentais sobre o Temperamento Infantil e suas Relações com as Variáveis Sociodemográficas das Famílias. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as percepções parentais sobre o temperamento de crianças com idade entre quatro e seis anos e a sua relação com as variáveis sociodemográficas. Participaram da pesquisa 104 famílias biparentais, totalizando 208 mães e pais respondentes. Os instrumentos aplicados foram o Questionário Sociodemográfico e o Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), que avalia o temperamento infantil. Os resultados indicaram o afeto negativo como o fator do temperamento mais fortemente relacionado a diferentes variáveis sociodemográficas. Assim, obteve-se que, quanto maior o número de filhos e de membros da família, bem como menor a renda e a escolaridade parental, maiores os indicativos de reações infantis de desconforto, tristeza, medo, raiva e baixa capacidade de se acalmar.
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Backer PM, Quigley KM, Stifter CA. Typologies of dyadic mother-infant emotion regulation following immunization. Infant Behav Dev 2018; 53:5-17. [PMID: 30347324 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mother-infant dyadic emotion regulation - the joint modulation of affective rhythms as interactive partners dynamically respond to each other across time - has been shown to promote social-emotional wellbeing both during and beyond infancy. Although contributions of dyadic regulation to self-regulatory development may particularly apparent during infant distress, studies have traditionally examined dyadic regulation in low-stress contexts. The present study addresses this gap by identifying distinct patterns of mother-infant dyadic emotion regulation following a highly distressing immunization procedure and then examining how these groups differed in mother and infant personality and temperament characteristics. Mother-infant dyads (N = 131) were videotaped during a routine immunization procedure, and infant crying and maternal soothing behaviors were subsequently coded. Cluster analysis was applied to trajectories of latent states representing each dyad's post-immunization behaviors. Results indicated five typologies of dyadic regulation following infant immunization. These typologies reflected the effectiveness with which the dyad worked together to soothe infant distress, as well as the specific maternal soothing behaviors employed. Differences in maternal personality and infant temperament among clusters indicated that both mothers and infants contributed to the dynamic regulatory process.
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36
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Wait and See: Observational Learning of Distraction as an Emotion Regulation Strategy in 22-Month-Old Toddlers. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 47:851-863. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Taunton SA, Mulvey KL, Brian AS. Who SKIPS? Using Temperament to Explain Differential Outcomes of a Motor Competence Intervention for Preschoolers. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2018; 89:200-209. [PMID: 29648943 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2018.1444256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although motor skill interventions often improve fundamental motor skills (FMS) during preschool, the extent of individual children's success in development of FMS still varies among children receiving the same intervention. Temperament is multifaceted and includes negative affect (high levels of frustration or anger), effortful control (focus, self-regulation, and concentration), and surgency (energy and activity level). Temperament often influences cognitive, social, and behavioral outcomes and may be a significant factor in the development of FMS. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of temperament on children's improvement in FMS within a gross motor intervention. METHOD Participants (N = 80; Mage = 55.36 months, SD = 6.99 months) completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition prior to and after intervention. Teachers completed the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form to examine each child's temperament. To account for possibility of a Type 1 error, we conducted 6 separate 2 (temperament variable: high, low) × 2 (treatment: intervention, control) analyses of covariance and examined posttest scores for locomotor and object-control skills with pretest scores as covariates among participants with high and low surgency, negative affect, and effortful control. RESULTS Results revealed children with low levels of negative affect and surgency and high levels of effortful control demonstrated greater gains (ηp2 = .05-.34) in both locomotor and object-control skills during motor skill intervention compared with their peers. CONCLUSION Providing interventions tailored to temperamental profiles could maximize gains in FMS through intervention.
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38
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Sparks LA, Trentacosta CJ, Owusu E, McLear C, Smith-Darden J. Family cumulative risk and at-risk kindergarteners' social competence: the mediating role of parent representations of the attachment relationship. Attach Hum Dev 2017; 20:406-422. [PMID: 29285992 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1414861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Secure attachment relationships have been linked to social competence in at-risk children. In the current study, we examined the role of parent secure base scripts in predicting at-risk kindergarteners' social competence. Parent representations of secure attachment were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between lower family cumulative risk and children's social competence. Participants included 106 kindergarteners and their primary caregivers recruited from three urban charter schools serving low-income families as a part of a longitudinal study. Lower levels of cumulative risk predicted greater secure attachment representations in parents, and scores on the secure base script assessment predicted children's social competence. An indirect relationship between lower cumulative risk and kindergarteners' social competence via parent secure base script scores was also supported. Parent script-based representations of the attachment relationship appear to be an important link between lower levels of cumulative risk and low-income kindergarteners' social competence. Implications of these findings for future interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Sparks
- a Department of Psychology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | | | - Erika Owusu
- a Department of Psychology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Caitlin McLear
- a Department of Psychology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
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39
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Hay DF, van Goozen SHM, Mundy L, Phillips R, Roberts S, Meeuwsen M, Goodyer I, Perra O. If You Go Down to the Woods Today: Infants' Distress During a Teddy Bear's Picnic in Relation to Peer Relations and Later Emotional Problems. INFANCY 2017; 22:552-570. [PMID: 28757809 PMCID: PMC5507168 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Infants' emotional reactions to an unusual event were assessed at a simulated birthday party during which two costumed characters enacted a Teddy Bear's Picnic. Two hundred and fifty-eight firstborn infants in a representative British community sample were observed at a mean age of 12.8 months in the presence of their parents and other participating families, in a laboratory sitting room decorated with balloons and banners. The picnic scenario was followed by free play with the other participating infants. At a mean of 36 months of age, mothers, fathers, and another informant who knew the child well completed the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL). The majority of infants showed no vocal distress during the picnic scenario. A minority of infants expressed strong distress, which was correlated with elevated heart rate and production of cortisol. Infants who were not distressed were more likely to direct social behavior to their peers and especially likely to use physical force against peers. In comparison with strongly distressed and nondistressed infants, those who had shown mild distress during the picnic scenario were least likely to manifest later emotional problems. This pattern was particularly marked for boys. Taken together, the findings indicate that infants' strong distress during naturalistic encounters that are meant to be entertaining can suppress sociability and might indicate risk for subsequent emotional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Siwan Roberts
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health ServicesBetsi Cadwalladr Health Board
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40
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Dollar JM, Stifter CA, Buss KA. Exuberant and inhibited children: Person-centered profiles and links to social adjustment. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:1222-1229. [PMID: 28471219 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to substantiate and extend our understanding regarding the existence and developmental pathways of 3 distinct temperament profiles-exuberant, inhibited, and average approach-in a sample of 3.5-year-old children (n = 121). The interactions between temperamental styles and specific types of effortful control, inhibitory control and attentional control, were also examined in predicting kindergarten peer acceptance. Latent profile analysis identified 3 temperamental styles: exuberant, inhibited, and average approach. Support was found for the adaptive role of inhibitory control for exuberant children and attentional control for inhibited children in promoting peer acceptance in kindergarten. These findings add to our current understanding of temperamental profiles by using sophisticated methodology in a slightly older, community sample, as well as the importance of examining specific types of self-regulation to identify which skills lower risk for children of different temperamental styles. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Dollar
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Cynthia A Stifter
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
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41
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VanSchyndel SK, Eisenberg N, Valiente C, Spinrad TL. Relations from temperamental approach reactivity and effortful control to academic achievement and peer relations in early elementary school. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Rabinowitz JA, Osigwe I, Byrne A, Drabick DAG, Reynolds MD. Father- and Youth-Reported Family Affective Expression Differentially Predicts Youth Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 47:S264-S277. [PMID: 28278595 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1280801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Temperamental approach is associated with adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Negative family affective expression, or problematic communication about emotions, is also associated with youth's risk for symptoms. However, it is unclear whether negative family affective expression differentially predicts symptoms based on (a) youth's temperamental approach and (b) informants' perceptions of negative family affective expression. To address these issues, we explored whether mother-, father-, and youth-reported negative family affective expression moderated the relation between youth temperamental approach and symptoms. Participants were 775 youths (71% male, 76% Caucasian) assessed at ages 10-12 (Time 1) and 12-14 (Time 2). Mothers, fathers, and youths reported on negative family affective expression and youths reported on temperamental approach at Time 1. Teachers reported on youth symptoms at Times 1 and 2. Youth- and father-reported, but not mother-reported, negative family affective expression moderated the relation between youth approach and symptoms. When youths reported higher negative family affective expression, youths lower in approach exhibited higher internalizing symptoms than youths higher in approach. In contrast, when fathers reported lower negative family affective expression, youths lower in approach exhibited higher internalizing and externalizing symptoms than youths higher in approach. Assessments and interventions for youth symptoms should include not only temperamental features, but also multiple informants' perspectives of family affective expression. Such efforts could promote greater family communication, address problematic family dynamics, and potentially attenuate risk for youth symptoms.
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43
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Gustafsson HC, Kuzava SE, Werner EA, Monk C. Maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy is associated with infant temperament. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 58:528-35. [PMID: 26709151 PMCID: PMC5026407 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research with rodents and nonhuman primates suggests that maternal prenatal dietary fat intake is associated with offspring behavioral functioning indicative of risk for psychopathology. The extent to which these findings extend to humans remains unknown. The current study administered the Automated Self-Administered 24 hr Dietary Recall Questionnaire three times in pregnancy (n = 48) to examine women's dietary fat intake in relation to infant temperament assessed using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire at 4-months old. The amount of saturated fat that the mother consumed was considered as a moderator of the association between total fat intake and child temperament. Results from a series of multiple linear regressions indicate that greater total fat intake was associated with poorer infant regulation and lower surgency. However, this second effect was moderated by maternal saturated fat intake, such that total fat intake was only related to infant surgency when mothers consumed above the daily recommended allowance of saturated fat. Under conditions of high total fat and high saturated fat, infants were rated as lower on surgency; under conditions of low total fat yet high saturated fat, infants were rated as higher on surgency. There were no associations between maternal prenatal fat intake and infant negative reactivity. These findings provide preliminary evidence that pregnant women's dietary fat intake is associated with infants' behavioral development, though future research is needed to address this report's limitations: a relatively small sample size, the use of self-report measures, and a lack of consideration of maternal and infant postnatal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna C Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry/Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032.
| | - Sierra E Kuzava
- Department of Psychiatry/Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Elizabeth A Werner
- Department of Psychiatry/Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry/Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
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44
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Kiel EJ, Kalomiris AE. Correlates and consequences of toddler cortisol reactivity to fear. J Exp Child Psychol 2015; 142:400-13. [PMID: 26410395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol reactivity to fear-eliciting stimuli during toddlerhood may represent an indicator of risk for anxiety spectrum problems and other maladjustment. Thus, it is important to understand factors that may contribute to cortisol reactivity as well as those that determine its predictive relation to early emerging anxiety. In this vein, the current study investigated maternal comforting behaviors, both solicited and unsolicited by the toddler, as correlates of cortisol reactivity at 2years of age. Furthermore, we investigated maternal comforting behaviors and behavioral indicators of fear in both a low-threat and a high-threat context as moderators of the relation between cortisol reactivity at age 2 and change in anxiety from age 2 to age 3. The sample comprised 99 2-year-old toddlers and their mothers. Toddlers provided saliva samples at baseline and after a fear-eliciting stimulus that were assayed for cortisol. Mothers were observed for comforting behavior while interacting with their toddlers in laboratory tasks and completed questionnaires about their toddlers' anxiety. Results indicated that unsolicited (spontaneous) comforting behavior related to toddler cortisol reactivity above and beyond solicited comforting and the level of fear toddlers displayed in the same task. Moreover, fear in a low-threat context, but not in a high-threat context, moderated the relation between cortisol reactivity and change in anxiety, such that cortisol reactivity had a positive relation to anxiety at extreme levels of low-threat fear. Results suggest the importance of considering the caregiving environment and context-specific fear in understanding the nature of cortisol reactivity during the toddler years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Kiel
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Anne E Kalomiris
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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45
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[On the Effectiveness of the Prevention Program JobFit: A Comparison of Different Class Levels]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2015; 64:429-42. [PMID: 26289150 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2015.64.6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The JobFit-Training for adolescents (Petermann u. Petermann, 2010) is a well documented behavioural psychological prevention program for students from the eighth grade and up. The present study examines the results of the evaluation of the practical implementation of the training over the course of two years. Data from 828 students could be collected in two measurements, before and after the intervention, out of which 323 were eighth-graders and 505 were ninth-graders. The analysis showed that eighth-graders profit more with regards to acquiring knowledge through the training than ninth-graders do. However, unlike male eighth-graders, female eighth-graders were unable to furthermore improve their social competences through the training. On the other hand the ninth-graders profit from the training in both groups with regards to their social competences.
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46
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Penela EC, Walker OL, Degnan KA, Fox NA, Henderson HA. Early Behavioral Inhibition and Emotion Regulation: Pathways Toward Social Competence in Middle Childhood. Child Dev 2015; 86:1227-1240. [PMID: 26014351 PMCID: PMC4659766 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined emotion regulation (ER) as a mediator in the relation between early behavioral inhibition (BI) and later social competence (N = 257), and whether this mediation varied depending on BI levels. Maternal report and observational measures were used to assess BI (ages 2 and 3). Children's ER strategies (age 5) and social competence with an unfamiliar peer (age 7) were measured using observational measures. Results showed that BI predicted less engaged ER strategies during a disappointment task, and engaged ER predicted higher social competence. Engaged ER mediated the effect of BI on social competence, but only for highly inhibited children. Findings elucidate developmental trajectories of risk and resilience, and suggest targeting regulatory strategies in early prevention efforts with highly inhibited children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga L. Walker
- University of Maryland, Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology
| | - Kathryn A. Degnan
- University of Maryland, Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology
| | - Nathan A. Fox
- University of Maryland, Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology
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47
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Planalp EM, Braungart-Rieker JM. Trajectories of regulatory behaviors in early infancy: Determinants of infant self-distraction and self-comforting. INFANCY 2015; 20:129-159. [PMID: 25685094 PMCID: PMC4326065 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to effectively regulate emotions is an important marker for early socioemotional development. The uses of self-comforting behaviors and self-distraction have been empirically supported as effective regulatory strategies for infants, though research on determinants of such behaviors is scarce. Thus, a more thorough examination of the development of regulatory behaviors is needed. For the current study, 135 mothers, fathers, and their infants participated in laboratory visits at 3-, 5-, and 7-months of age where parent sensitivity and infant regulatory strategies were coded from the Still Face Paradigm. Parents also filled out questionnaires about infant temperament and parental involvement. Using multi-level modeling to examine levels and trajectories of self-comforting and self-distraction, the current study found: 1) infants higher in temperamental surgency used more self-distraction and self-comforting, 2) infants lower in surgency with highly involved parents increased in self-distraction at a faster rate, particularly with highly involved fathers, and 3) infants used self-comforting more than average with fathers when the infant was also lower in temperamental regulation. In addition, we examined trajectories of parent involvement and temperament in relation to infant regulatory strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Planalp
- University of Wisconsin-Madison 1500 Highland Avenue, Room 573 Madison, WI, 53705
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Faja S, Dawson G. Reduced delay of gratification and effortful control among young children with autism spectrum disorders. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 19:91-101. [PMID: 24335116 PMCID: PMC4116476 DOI: 10.1177/1362361313512424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We explored internal control of behavior using direct observation and parent report. Previous research has found that both the delay of gratification task and parent-reported effortful control predict later social ability and more positive outcomes in typically developing children. Children with autism spectrum disorder have previously been reported to have reduced effortful control, whereas delay of gratification ability has not been tested in a group with autism spectrum disorder. The current study compared 21 children with autism spectrum disorder and 21 typically developing children between 6 and 7 years of age-all of whom had cognitive ability at or above the average range. Children with autism spectrum disorder were less able to delay gratification, and their parents reported significantly reduced effortful control; however, scores on these measures were unrelated within the group with autism spectrum disorder. Among the children with autism spectrum disorder, lower effortful control was associated with more severe clinician-observed social symptoms.
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Dollar J, Buss KA. Approach and Positive Affect in Toddlerhood Predict Early Childhood Behavior Problems. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 23:267-287. [PMID: 25382941 PMCID: PMC4221233 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the moderating role of positive affect on the relation between approach behaviors and adjustment outcomes. One hundred eleven toddlers participated in a laboratory assessment of approach and positive affect at 24 months. Behavior problems were reported by a parent in the fall of the child's kindergarten year. Results supported our hypotheses that children who displayed high approach and high positive affect in both non-threat and low threat contexts were rated as higher in externalizing behavior problems. On the other hand, for children showing low positive affect, increases in approach in a moderate threat context lowered the risk of developing internalizing behavior problems. Implications for these findings are discussed including methodological considerations of differences among eliciting contexts and advantages of separating positive affect and approach.
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Jones RM, Conture EG, Walden TA. Emotional reactivity and regulation associated with fluent and stuttered utterances of preschool-age children who stutter. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2014; 48:38-51. [PMID: 24630144 PMCID: PMC4031757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between emotional reactivity and regulation associated with fluent and stuttered utterances of preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) and those who do not (CWNS). PARTICIPANTS Participants were eight 3 to 6-year old CWS and eight CWNS of comparable age and gender. METHODS Participants were exposed to three emotion-inducing overheard conversations--neutral, angry and happy--and produced a narrative following each overheard conversation. From audio-video recordings of these narratives, coded behavioral analysis of participants' negative and positive affect and emotion regulation associated with stuttered and fluent utterances was conducted. RESULTS Results indicated that CWS were significantly more likely to exhibit emotion regulation attempts prior to and during their fluent utterances following the happy as compared to the negative condition, whereas CWNS displayed the opposite pattern. Within-group assessment indicated that CWS were significantly more likely to display negative emotion prior to and during their stuttered than fluent utterances, particularly following the positive overheard conversation. CONCLUSIONS After exposure to emotional-inducing overheard conversations, changes in preschool-age CWS's emotion and emotion regulatory attempts were associated with the fluency of their utterances. LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (1) describe various measures of emotional reactivity and regulation, including parent-based reports and behavioral coding, and how they may contribute to childhood stuttering; (2) explain emotional differences between the stuttered and fluent utterances of CWS and CWNS; and (3) discuss how emotions may contribute to CWS' instances of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Jones
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1215 21st Avenue South, Room 10221 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Edward G Conture
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1215 21st Avenue South, Room 10221 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Tedra A Walden
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody 512, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
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