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Borges FO, Sampaio E, Santos CP, Rosa R. Climate-Change Impacts on Cephalopods: A Meta-Analysis. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1240-1265. [PMID: 37468442 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from being one of the most fascinating groups of marine organisms, cephalopods play a major role in marine food webs, both as predators and as prey, while representing key living economic assets, namely for artisanal and subsistence fisheries worldwide. Recent research suggests that cephalopods are benefitting from ongoing environmental changes and the overfishing of certain fish stocks (i.e., of their predators and/or competitors), putting forward the hypothesis that this group may be one of the few "winners" of climate change. While many meta-analyses have demonstrated negative and overwhelming consequences of ocean warming (OW), acidification (OA), and their combination for a variety of marine taxa, such a comprehensive analysis is lacking for cephalopod molluscs. In this context, the existing literature was surveyed for peer-reviewed articles featuring the sustained (≥24 h) and controlled exposure of cephalopod species (Cephalopoda class) to these factors, applying a comparative framework of mixed-model meta-analyses (784 control-treatment comparisons, from 47 suitable articles). Impacts on a wide set of biological categories at the individual level (e.g., survival, metabolism, behavior, cell stress, growth) were evaluated and contrasted across different ecological attributes (i.e., taxonomic lineages, climates, and ontogenetic stages). Contrary to what is commonly assumed, OW arises as a clear threat to cephalopods, while OA exhibited more restricted impacts. In fact, OW impacts were ubiquitous across different stages of ontogeny, taxonomical lineages (i.e., octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish). These results challenge the assumption that cephalopods benefit from novel ocean conditions, revealing an overarching negative impact of OW in this group. Importantly, we also identify lingering literature gaps, showing that most studies to date focus on OW and early life stages of mainly temperate species. Our results raise the need to consolidate experimental efforts in a wider variety of taxa, climate regions, life stages, and other key environmental stressors, such as deoxygenation and hypoxia, to better understand how cephalopods will cope with future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Borges
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Sampaio
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Universitatsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitatsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Catarina P Santos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Environmental Economics Knowledge Center, Nova School of Business and Economics, New University of Lisbon, Carcavelos 2775-405, Portugal
- Sphyrna Association, Boa Vista Island, Sal Rei, Cape Verde
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa1 749-016, Portugal
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Song G, Cao H, Liu L, Jin M. Analysis of Marine Microplastic Pollution of Disposable Masks under COVID-19 Epidemic-A DPSIR Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16299. [PMID: 36498372 PMCID: PMC9735856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine microplastic pollution (MMP) is becoming one of the most pressing environmental problems facing humanity today. The novel coronavirus epidemic has raised the issue of environmental contamination caused by large-scale improper disposal of medical waste such as disposable masks (DMs). To assess the impact of MMP caused by DMs and to seek solutions for the prevention and control of MMP, this study uses the Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework to establish a causal chain of MMP caused by DMs. The conclusion shows that the novel coronavirus epidemic has led to a surge in the use of DMs, which has brought pressure on resource constraints and environmental pollution at the same time. Improperly DMs enter the environment and eventually transform into MMP, which not only endangers the marine ecological system but also poses potential human health risks as well as economic and social hazards. In addition, further research on environmentally friendly masks (cloth masks and biodegradable masks) is essential to mitigate the environmental damage caused by the large-scale global use of DMs. This study provides a scientific and theoretical basis for the assessment of MMP from discarded DMs, and the findings of this study will provide a reference for the formulation of relevant policies.
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Lucas RM, German S, Metternicht G, Schmidt RK, Owers CJ, Prober SM, Richards AE, Tetreault‐Campbell S, Williams KJ, Mueller N, Tissott B, Chua SMT, Cowood A, Hills T, Gunawardana D, McIntyre A, Chognard S, Hurford C, Planque C, Punalekar S, Clewley D, Sonnenschein R, Murray NJ, Manakos I, Blonda P, Owers K, Roxburgh S, Kay H, Bunting P, Horton C. A globally relevant change taxonomy and evidence-based change framework for land monitoring. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6293-6317. [PMID: 36047436 PMCID: PMC9805224 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A globally relevant and standardized taxonomy and framework for consistently describing land cover change based on evidence is presented, which makes use of structured land cover taxonomies and is underpinned by the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. The Global Change Taxonomy currently lists 246 classes based on the notation 'impact (pressure)', with this encompassing the consequence of observed change and associated reason(s), and uses scale-independent terms that factor in time. Evidence for different impacts is gathered through temporal comparison (e.g., days, decades apart) of land cover classes constructed and described from Environmental Descriptors (EDs; state indicators) with pre-defined measurement units (e.g., m, %) or categories (e.g., species type). Evidence for pressures, whether abiotic, biotic or human-influenced, is similarly accumulated, but EDs often differ from those used to determine impacts. Each impact and pressure term is defined separately, allowing flexible combination into 'impact (pressure)' categories, and all are listed in an openly accessible glossary to ensure consistent use and common understanding. The taxonomy and framework are globally relevant and can reference EDs quantified on the ground, retrieved/classified remotely (from ground-based, airborne or spaceborne sensors) or predicted through modelling. By providing capacity to more consistently describe change processes-including land degradation, desertification and ecosystem restoration-the overall framework addresses a wide and diverse range of local to international needs including those relevant to policy, socioeconomics and land management. Actions in response to impacts and pressures and monitoring towards targets are also supported to assist future planning, including impact mitigation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Lucas
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Sophia German
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Graciela Metternicht
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Christopher J. Owers
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
- CSIRO Land and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | - Norman Mueller
- Geoscience AustraliaSymonstonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Belle Tissott
- Geoscience AustraliaSymonstonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Sean M. T. Chua
- Geoscience AustraliaSymonstonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Alison Cowood
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Terry Hills
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Dayani Gunawardana
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Alexis McIntyre
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Sebastien Chognard
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Clive Hurford
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Carole Planque
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Suvarna Punalekar
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Daniel Clewley
- Centre for Geospatial ApplicationsPlymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthDevonUK
| | | | - Nicholas J. Murray
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ioannis Manakos
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH)ThermiGreece
| | - Palma Blonda
- Istituto sull'Inquinamento Atmosferico, CNR‐IIA, presso Dipartiment, Interateneo di FisicaUniversità of BariBariItaly
| | - Kate Owers
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Stephen Roxburgh
- CSIRO Land and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Heather Kay
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Peter Bunting
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Claire Horton
- Economy, Skills and Natural Resourcs (ESNR), Welsh GovernmentWalesCeredigionUK
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Gupta H, Nishi M, Gasparatos A. Community-based responses for tackling environmental and socio-economic change and impacts in mountain social-ecological systems. AMBIO 2022; 51:1123-1142. [PMID: 34784008 PMCID: PMC8931162 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mountain social-ecological systems (SES) are often rich in biological and cultural diversity with sustained human-nature interactions. Many mountain SES are experiencing rapid environmental and socio-economic change, demanding viable action for conservation to sustain ecosystem services for the benefit of their communities. This paper is a synthesis of 71 case studies of mountain-specific SES, submitted to the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI) that identifies major drivers of change, associated impacts, and response strategies. We find that overexploitation, land use change, demographic change, and the regional economy are the most prevalent drivers of change in the IPSI mountain SES, leading to negative consequences for biodiversity, livelihoods, indigenous knowledge, and culture. To counter these challenges in the study SES, stakeholders from the public, private, and civil society sectors have been implementing diverse legal, behavioral, cognitive, technological, and economic response strategies, often with strong community participation. We outline the lessons learned from the IPSI case studies to show how community-based approaches can contribute meaningfully to the sustainable management of mountain landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangana Gupta
- The University of Tokyo and United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, 5 Chome-53-70 Jingumae, Tokyo, 150-8925 Japan
| | - Maiko Nishi
- United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, 5 Chome-53-70 Jingumae, Tokyo, 150-8925 Japan
| | - Alexandros Gasparatos
- Institute for Future Initiatives (IFI), The University of Tokyo, Administration Bureau Building 2, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654 Japan
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5
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Cepic M, Bechtold U, Wilfing H. Modelling human influences on biodiversity at a global scale–A human ecology perspective. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Salehpour Jam A, Mosaffaie J, Tabatabaei MR. Assessment of comprehensiveness of soil conservation measures using the DPSIR framework. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:42. [PMID: 33409840 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of comprehensiveness of soil conservation measures (SCMs), along with economic, social, and environmental assessments of these projects, is a prerequisite for good governance in a watershed. This study was conducted using the cause-and-effect framework of DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) to assess the comprehensiveness of SCMs in reducing the soil erosion potential of the Kond watershed area and its adverse impacts. Horticultural, mining, and ranching activities; population growth; and road network development were identified as the most important driving forces of the watershed. After determining the indicators, the integrated index was calculated based on weight calculation and standardization of values to detect changes before and after the implementation of SCMs. The results showed a decrease in soil erosion and the corresponding adverse impacts in 2019 compared with the base year, 1997, so that according to the integrated index, the soil erosion status and related impacts have decreased by 16 and 35%, respectively. Despite this decline, the watershed still has a high rate of soil erosion (26.27 t ha-1 year-1). This is because SCMs are more focused on improving the state and impacts, and there are no necessary managerial responses to the components of the driving forces and pressures. Given that the proactive approach has less contribution than the reactive approach in SCMs, in addition to the reactive approach, it is necessary to pay more attention to the proactive approach to reduce the soil erosion rate of the watershed and decrease the relevant negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Salehpour Jam
- Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamal Mosaffaie
- Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Tabatabaei
- Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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7
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Joubert-van der Merwe L, Samways MJ, Pryke JS. A new protocol for monitoring operational outcomes of environmental management in commercial forestry plantations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:110922. [PMID: 32778259 PMCID: PMC7331555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental degradation is a global phenomenon with a high likelihood of influencing human quality of life. Effective management responses are needed to achieve societal goals of sustainability. We develop here a new monitoring protocol (Management Check: MATCH) that comprehensively evaluates management outcomes at the operational level. Using the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, we identified pressures influencing ecosystem integrity inside conservation corridors and commercial compartments of a timber production landscape mosaic. They were 1) domestic livestock grazing (the only exogenous pressure), 2) fire management, 3) invasive alien plants (IAPs), and potential soil erosion from two sources: 4) roads, and 5) harvested timber compartments. We assessed the effects of these on wetland and stream buffers. Environmental incidents accounted for more serious management issues (e.g. oil spills). Management responses were systematically unpacked into point-form questions, which formed the building blocks of our monitoring protocol. We assessed management in twelve plantations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Answers were compared with Best Operational Practice (BOP), and reworked into a Weighted Index of Compliance (WIC) per section. We found that there was poor management of livestock grazing, but good management of IAPs, roads, and timber compartments. Management of wetland and stream buffers was very good. Fire management presented problems linked to lack of direct effects, measurable at the spatial and temporal scales of operations. We discuss operational outcomes within their respective legislative frameworks, and suggest ways of improving management operations, where needed. MATCH is the first monitoring protocol to comprehensively assess environmental management of commercial forestry at the operational level, and to clearly translate operational activities into measurable progress towards strategic goals. In doing so, MATCH breaks down silos and builds bridges for efficient environmental management in dynamic socio-ecological systems. Moreover, the principles developed here can be applied to build tools that help manage major risks in other economic sectors too. Overall, MATCH strengthened strategic and informed action, which is necessary at multiple levels of an organization, to combat major societal risks, such as environmental degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Joubert-van der Merwe
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - M J Samways
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - J S Pryke
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Hamandawana H, Atyosi Y, Bornman TG. Multi-temporal reconstruction of long-term changes in land cover in and around the Swartkops River Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:173. [PMID: 32043163 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-date remotely sensed images comprising Landsat TM images of 1984, 1993 and 2003 and, Landsat OLI images of 2013 were used to reconstruct long-term changes in land cover in the Swartkops River Estuary by mapping changes in vegetation distribution over a period of ~ 30 years between 1984 and 2013. These images were complemented by high-resolution near-anniversary aerial photographs that were used as ancillary sources of ground truth during supervised classification of the Landsat images. Results of our investigation point to human-induced loss of biodiversity due to persistent encroachment of different development activities on terrestrial vegetation, substantial expansion of the salt marsh due to climate change-driven relative sea level rise and persistent increase in keystone salt marsh vegetation species notably Zostera capensis and Spartina maritima due to the combined influence of human-induced nutrient loading into estuarine water and relative sea level rise. These observations argue for the immediate need to embrace appropriately informed management interventions in order to enhance the sustainability of salt marsh ecosystems for the benefit of present and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamisai Hamandawana
- Department of GIS & Remote Sensing, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X 1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Yonwaba Atyosi
- Department of GIS & Remote Sensing, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X 1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Thomas George Bornman
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Elwandle Coastal Node, PO Box 77000, MMU Bird Street Campus, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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Havenhand JN, Filipsson HL, Niiranen S, Troell M, Crépin AS, Jagers S, Langlet D, Matti S, Turner D, Winder M, de Wit P, Anderson LG. Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification: Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System. AMBIO 2019; 48:831-854. [PMID: 30506502 PMCID: PMC6541583 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Susa Niiranen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Lilla Frescativägen 4, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sophie Crépin
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Lilla Frescativägen 4, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sverker Jagers
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 711, Sprängkullsgatan 19, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Langlet
- Department of Law, University of Gothenburg, Box 650, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Matti
- Department of Political Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - David Turner
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre de Wit
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif G. Anderson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Drius M, Bongiorni L, Depellegrin D, Menegon S, Pugnetti A, Stifter S. Tackling challenges for Mediterranean sustainable coastal tourism: An ecosystem service perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:1302-1317. [PMID: 30586816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal tourism is a growing industry sector in the Mediterranean Basin. This and the other human activities occurring along the coastline share space and resources, leading to conflicts for divergent uses. Moreover, the overexploitation of natural resources degrades and depletes coastal habitats, with negative feedback effects for all human activities. Hence, both tourism and the other human activities have to consider their dependence on coastal ecosystem services, and act at technical and policy level to reach a compromise that preserves natural resources in the long term. Here we provide a conceptual framework illustrating the complex relationships and trade-offs among threats from coastal tourism and from other human activities and coastal ecosystem services, with a focus on cultural ones. We discuss the negative feedbacks on tourism development and provide examples of geospatial analysis on cumulative threats generated by other human activities and affecting tourism itself. The proposed conceptual framework and the threat analysis aim at highlighting the negative feedback effects of human driven threats on the development of Mediterranean coastal tourism, through an ecosystem service perspective. Both tools provide valuable insight for supporting decision makers and planners in achieving integrated coastal management, with a focus on sustainable tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Drius
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Lucia Bongiorni
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Daniel Depellegrin
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Stefano Menegon
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pugnetti
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
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11
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Bugnot AB, Hose GC, Walsh CJ, Floerl O, French K, Dafforn KA, Hanford J, Lowe EC, Hahs AK. Urban impacts across realms: Making the case for inter-realm monitoring and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:711-719. [PMID: 30125852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Burgeoning populations and the increasing concentration of humans in urban areas have resulted in extensive and increasing degradation and destruction of natural ecosystems. The multitude of impacts and their drivers in urban areas across realms are often studied at local scales, but there is regularly a mismatch between the spatial extent of the impacts and that of the pressures driving those impacts. For example, most human activities occur on land and therefore disturb terrestrial habitats (intrinsic impacts), but their impacts can also extend to the atmosphere and aquatic realms (extrinsic impacts). Management of urban impacts is often designed at local scales and aims to control local pressures, mostly overlooking pressures originating outside the 'managed' area. This is often due to jurisdictional barriers but can also result from the lack of knowledge and recognition among scientists and managers of larger scale pressures. With the aim to highlight the importance of ameliorating extrinsic impacts for holistic management of urban areas, this paper discusses the range and extent of extrinsic impacts produced by the most common pressures in urban environments. We discuss that the terrestrial realm is a 'net-donor' of impacts, as most human activities occur on land and the resulting impacts are transferred to aquatic and atmospheric realms. However, activities in aquatic realms can result in impacts on land. We conclude that, to achieve effective management strategies, greater collaboration is needed between scientists and managers focussing on different realms and regions and we present suggestions for approaches to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Bugnot
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Christopher J Walsh
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Oliver Floerl
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jayne Hanford
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Lowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Amy K Hahs
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Krauze K, Włodarczyk-Marciniak R. Defining the risk to water and natural capital in cities with risk component analysis tool (DAPSET): Case study Łódź. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 227:62-72. [PMID: 30172160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Management of water resources poses a particular challenge in cities, due to the extensive degradation of the urban ecosystem and its limited self-regulatory capacity as compared to natural systems. Effective management requires an in-depth understanding of the sources (drivers) giving rise to such risk. This paper reports on a participatory identification of such factors driving the risk to urban water resources in the city of Łódź, Poland, carried out with the aim of testing a simple risk analysis tool (DAPSET - Drivers and Pressures - Strength Evaluation Tool), intended to yield the kind of complex data able to help assist city managers in decision-making processes. In the first part of the study, a number of selected public officials, students, researchers and NGO representatives were asked to rank the key socioeconomic drivers of water resources in the city. The four drivers identified as key (a low degree of environmental awareness among citizens, low law-enforcement efficiency, the city's low economic potential and land use changes) were then scrutinized in the second part of the study, which included a self-administered questionnaire designed to create a risk profile of drivers based on the DAPSET. Each of the four key drivers were analyzed with reference to eleven features. DAPSET revealed that all the key drivers share certain common features: they affect a large spatial scale, the damage they cause is persistent, and they involve either medium-high damage potential or probability of damage. The major differences between them stem from the dynamic features of the risk: societal attraction, invisibility, and availability of information. Analysis of the risk profiles so created against risk types pointed to the desirable directions of management and a need to go beyond standard actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Krauze
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Lodz, Poland.
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Kaikkonen L, Venesjärvi R, Nygård H, Kuikka S. Assessing the impacts of seabed mineral extraction in the deep sea and coastal marine environments: Current methods and recommendations for environmental risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:1183-1197. [PMID: 30301017 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mineral extraction from the seabed has experienced a recent surge of interest from both the mining industry and marine scientists. While improved methods of geological investigation have enabled the mapping of new seafloor mineral reserves, the ecological impacts of mining in both the deep sea and the shallow seabed are poorly known. This paper presents a synthesis of the empirical evidence from experimental seabed mining and parallel industries to infer the effects of seabed mineral extraction on marine ecosystems, focusing on polymetallic nodules and ferromanganese concretions. We use a problem-structuring framework to evaluate causal relationships between pressures caused by nodule extraction and the associated changes in marine ecosystems. To ensure that the rationale behind impact assessments is clear, we propose that future impact assessments use pressure-specific expert elicitation. We further discuss integrating ecosystem services in the impact assessments and the implications of current methods for environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kaikkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riikka Venesjärvi
- Biosociety and Environment Unit, Natural Resource Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Nygård
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Kuikka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Dell'Apa A, Carney K, Davenport TM, Carle MV. Potential medium-term impacts of climate change on tuna and billfish in the Gulf of Mexico: A qualitative framework for management and conservation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:1-11. [PMID: 30077344 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of scientific papers on the potential impacts of climate-driven environmental changes on tuna and billfish in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) was conducted to identify the climate-driven pressures and their associated potential impacts on the reproductive success and survival of tuna and billfish, and which of those impacts may have more relevance for their management and conservation in the GOM by 2050. An Impact Screening Analysis (ISA) was developed to evaluate the potential climate impacts discovered in the literature synthesis by assessing each impact against four criteria, and assigning it a ranking based on likelihood of occurrence (High, Medium, or Low). Results show three types of climate-driven pressures within the High ranking: increased water temperature; changes in ocean circulation and eddy kinetic energy; and changes in storm and wind patterns. Our findings provide valuable information to advance our understanding of key climate-driven physico-chemical processes that can impact the biology of tuna and billfish in the GOM, and enhance conservation and management of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dell'Apa
- Earth Resources Technology, NOAA Restoration Center, 1315 East-West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Ocean Conservancy, Gulf Restoration Program, 600 1stAvenue North, St Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
| | - Karen Carney
- Abt Associates, 64 Heritage Lane, Shelburne, VT, 05482, USA
| | - Theresa M Davenport
- Earth Resources Technology, NOAA Restoration Center, 1315 East-West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA, 01908, USA
| | - Melissa Vernon Carle
- Restoration Center, Office of Habitat Conservation, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1315 East-West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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15
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Soares MDO. Climate change and regional human pressures as challenges for management in oceanic islands, South Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:347-355. [PMID: 29886957 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the main anthropogenic pressures and the effectiveness of management practices in marine protected areas (MPAs) (Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, South Atlantic). The MPAs exhibited high management effectiveness over the last 25 years due to the control of local pressures (i.e., fishing and tourism). However, the increase in regional and global pressures, such as invasive species, marine debris, and climate change stressors (sea-level rise, extreme events, range shifts of species, warming, and ocean acidification), are environmental risks that need to be considered during conservation. Strategies for large scale marine spatial planning, as well as proposals for an integrated management of MPAs (including coral reef islands and seamounts) by the articulation of a network, which reduces regional human pressures and improves ocean governance were discussed. This study provided insights into the challenges faced in the management of MPAs in a rapidly changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, CEP 60.165-081, Fortaleza, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Boyd PW, Collins S, Dupont S, Fabricius K, Gattuso JP, Havenhand J, Hutchins DA, Riebesell U, Rintoul MS, Vichi M, Biswas H, Ciotti A, Gao K, Gehlen M, Hurd CL, Kurihara H, McGraw CM, Navarro JM, Nilsson GE, Passow U, Pörtner HO. Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of multiple drivers of global ocean change-A review. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2239-2261. [PMID: 29476630 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological processes. Many of these oceanic properties are being altered by climate change and other anthropogenic pressures. Hence, identifying the influences of multifaceted ocean change, from local to global scales, is a complex task. To guide policy-making and make projections of the future of the marine biosphere, it is essential to understand biological responses at physiological, evolutionary and ecological levels. Here, we contrast and compare different approaches to multiple driver experiments that aim to elucidate biological responses to a complex matrix of ocean global change. We present the benefits and the challenges of each approach with a focus on marine research, and guidelines to navigate through these different categories to help identify strategies that might best address research questions in fundamental physiology, experimental evolutionary biology and community ecology. Our review reveals that the field of multiple driver research is being pulled in complementary directions: the need for reductionist approaches to obtain process-oriented, mechanistic understanding and a requirement to quantify responses to projected future scenarios of ocean change. We conclude the review with recommendations on how best to align different experimental approaches to contribute fundamental information needed for science-based policy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Sinead Collins
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- Observatoire Océanologique, Laboratoire d'Océanographie, CNRS-UPMC, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Jonathan Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Max S Rintoul
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Marcello Vichi
- Marine Research Institute and Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Aurea Ciotti
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Marion Gehlen
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catriona L Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | | | - Christina M McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, NIWA/University of Otago Research Centre for Oceanography, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jorge M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Uta Passow
- Marine Science Institute, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
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A review of the trophic cascade concept using the lens of loop analysis: “The truth is the whole”. FOOD WEBS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sandifer PA, Knapp LC, Collier TK, Jones AL, Juster R, Kelble CR, Kwok RK, Miglarese JV, Palinkas LA, Porter DE, Scott GI, Smith LM, Sullivan WC, Sutton‐Grier AE. A Conceptual Model to Assess Stress-Associated Health Effects of Multiple Ecosystem Services Degraded by Disaster Events in the Gulf of Mexico and Elsewhere. GEOHEALTH 2017; 1:17-36. [PMID: 30596189 PMCID: PMC6309401 DOI: 10.1002/2016gh000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Few conceptual frameworks attempt to connect disaster-associated environmental injuries to impacts on ecosystem services (the benefits humans derive from nature) and thence to both psychological and physiological human health effects. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first, if not the first, to develop a detailed conceptual model of how degraded ecosystem services affect cumulative stress impacts on the health of individual humans and communities. Our comprehensive Disaster-Pressure State-Ecosystem Services-Response-Health (DPSERH) model demonstrates that oil spills, hurricanes, and other disasters can change key ecosystem components resulting in reductions in individual and multiple ecosystem services that support people's livelihoods, health, and way of life. Further, the model elucidates how damage to ecosystem services produces acute, chronic, and cumulative stress in humans which increases risk of adverse psychological and physiological health outcomes. While developed and initially applied within the context of the Gulf of Mexico, it should work equally well in other geographies and for many disasters that cause impairment of ecosystem services. Use of this new tool will improve planning for responses to future disasters and help society more fully account for the costs and benefits of potential management responses. The model also can be used to help direct investments in improving response capabilities of the public health community, biomedical researchers, and environmental scientists. Finally, the model illustrates why the broad range of potential human health effects of disasters should receive equal attention to that accorded environmental damages in assessing restoration and recovery costs and time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Sandifer
- School of Sciences and MathematicsCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Landon C. Knapp
- Master's in Environmental StudiesCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Amanda L. Jones
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Richard K. Kwok
- Epidemiology BranchNational Institute of Environmental Health ScienceResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John V. Miglarese
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lawrence A. Palinkas
- Department of Children, Youth and FamiliesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dwayne E. Porter
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Geoffrey I. Scott
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lisa M. Smith
- Office of Research and DevelopmentU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyGulf BreezeFloridaUSA
| | - William C. Sullivan
- Department of Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Ariana E. Sutton‐Grier
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary CenterUniversity of Maryland and National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
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19
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Oogenesis and reproductive investment of Atlantic herring are functions of not only present but long-ago environmental influences as well. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2634-2639. [PMID: 28223491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700349114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following general life history theory, immediate reproductive investment (egg mass × fecundity/body mass) in oviparous teleosts is a consequence of both present and past environmental influences. This clarification questions the frequent use of season-independent (general) fecundity formulas in marine fish recruitment studies based on body metrics only. Here we test the underlying assumption of no lag effect on gametogenesis in the planktivorous, determinate-fecundity Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) displaying large plasticity in egg mass and fecundity, examining Norwegian summer-autumn spawning herring (NASH), North Sea autumn-spawning herring (NSAH), and Norwegian spring-spawning herring (NSSH). No prior reproductive information existed for NASH. Compared with the 1960s, recent reproductive investment had dropped markedly, especially for NSAH, likely reflecting long-term changes in zooplankton biography and productivity. As egg mass was characteristically small for autumn spawners, although large for spring spawners (cf. different larval feeding conditions), fecundity was the most dynamic factor within reproductive investment. For the data-rich NSSH, we showed evidence that transient, major declines in zooplankton abundance resulted in low fecundity over several subsequent seasons, even if Fulton's condition factor (K) turned high. Temporal trends in Kslope (K on total length) were, however, informative. These results clarify that fecundity is defined by (i) dynamics of primary (standing stock) oocytes and (ii) down-regulation of secondary oocytes, both processes intimately linked to environmental conditions but operating at different timescales. Thus, general fecundity formulas typically understate interannual variability in actual fecundity. We therefore argue for the use of segmented fecundity formulas linked to dedicated monitoring programs.
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