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Lucas RM, German S, Metternicht G, Schmidt RK, Owers CJ, Prober SM, Richards AE, Tetreault‐Campbell S, Williams KJ, Mueller N, Tissott B, Chua SMT, Cowood A, Hills T, Gunawardana D, McIntyre A, Chognard S, Hurford C, Planque C, Punalekar S, Clewley D, Sonnenschein R, Murray NJ, Manakos I, Blonda P, Owers K, Roxburgh S, Kay H, Bunting P, Horton C. A globally relevant change taxonomy and evidence-based change framework for land monitoring. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6293-6317. [PMID: 36047436 PMCID: PMC9805224 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A globally relevant and standardized taxonomy and framework for consistently describing land cover change based on evidence is presented, which makes use of structured land cover taxonomies and is underpinned by the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. The Global Change Taxonomy currently lists 246 classes based on the notation 'impact (pressure)', with this encompassing the consequence of observed change and associated reason(s), and uses scale-independent terms that factor in time. Evidence for different impacts is gathered through temporal comparison (e.g., days, decades apart) of land cover classes constructed and described from Environmental Descriptors (EDs; state indicators) with pre-defined measurement units (e.g., m, %) or categories (e.g., species type). Evidence for pressures, whether abiotic, biotic or human-influenced, is similarly accumulated, but EDs often differ from those used to determine impacts. Each impact and pressure term is defined separately, allowing flexible combination into 'impact (pressure)' categories, and all are listed in an openly accessible glossary to ensure consistent use and common understanding. The taxonomy and framework are globally relevant and can reference EDs quantified on the ground, retrieved/classified remotely (from ground-based, airborne or spaceborne sensors) or predicted through modelling. By providing capacity to more consistently describe change processes-including land degradation, desertification and ecosystem restoration-the overall framework addresses a wide and diverse range of local to international needs including those relevant to policy, socioeconomics and land management. Actions in response to impacts and pressures and monitoring towards targets are also supported to assist future planning, including impact mitigation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Lucas
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Sophia German
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Graciela Metternicht
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Christopher J. Owers
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
- CSIRO Land and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | - Norman Mueller
- Geoscience AustraliaSymonstonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Belle Tissott
- Geoscience AustraliaSymonstonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Sean M. T. Chua
- Geoscience AustraliaSymonstonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Alison Cowood
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Terry Hills
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Dayani Gunawardana
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Alexis McIntyre
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Sebastien Chognard
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Clive Hurford
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Carole Planque
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Suvarna Punalekar
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Daniel Clewley
- Centre for Geospatial ApplicationsPlymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthDevonUK
| | | | - Nicholas J. Murray
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ioannis Manakos
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH)ThermiGreece
| | - Palma Blonda
- Istituto sull'Inquinamento Atmosferico, CNR‐IIA, presso Dipartiment, Interateneo di FisicaUniversità of BariBariItaly
| | - Kate Owers
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Stephen Roxburgh
- CSIRO Land and WaterCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Heather Kay
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Peter Bunting
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Claire Horton
- Economy, Skills and Natural Resourcs (ESNR), Welsh GovernmentWalesCeredigionUK
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Clewley
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, UK
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Biermann L, Clewley D, Martinez-Vicente V, Topouzelis K. Finding Plastic Patches in Coastal Waters using Optical Satellite Data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5364. [PMID: 32327674 PMCID: PMC7181820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellites collecting optical data offer a unique perspective from which to observe the problem of plastic litter in the marine environment, but few studies have successfully demonstrated their use for this purpose. For the first time, we show that patches of floating macroplastics are detectable in optical data acquired by the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-2 satellites and, furthermore, are distinguishable from naturally occurring materials such as seaweed. We present case studies from four countries where suspected macroplastics were detected in Sentinel-2 Earth Observation data. Patches of materials on the ocean surface were highlighted using a novel Floating Debris Index (FDI) developed for the Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI). In all cases, floating aggregations were detectable on sub-pixel scales, and appeared to be composed of a mix of seaweed, sea foam, and macroplastics. Building first steps toward a future monitoring system, we leveraged spectral shape to identify macroplastics, and a Naïve Bayes algorithm to classify mixed materials. Suspected plastics were successfully classified as plastics with an accuracy of 86%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Clewley
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, UK
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Bongalov B, Burslem DFRP, Jucker T, Thompson SED, Rosindell J, Swinfield T, Nilus R, Clewley D, Phillips OL, Coomes DA. Reconciling the contribution of environmental and stochastic structuring of tropical forest diversity through the lens of imaging spectroscopy. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1608-1619. [PMID: 31347263 PMCID: PMC6852337 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both niche and stochastic dispersal processes structure the extraordinary diversity of tropical plants, but determining their relative contributions has proven challenging. We address this question using airborne imaging spectroscopy to estimate canopy β-diversity for an extensive region of a Bornean rainforest and challenge these data with models incorporating niches and dispersal. We show that remotely sensed and field-derived estimates of pairwise dissimilarity in community composition are closely matched, proving the applicability of imaging spectroscopy to provide β-diversity data for entire landscapes of over 1000 ha containing contrasting forest types. Our model reproduces the empirical data well and shows that the ecological processes maintaining tropical forest diversity are scale dependent. Patterns of β-diversity are shaped by stochastic dispersal processes acting locally whilst environmental processes act over a wider range of scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bongalov
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - David F R P Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Samuel E D Thompson
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.,National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077, Singapore
| | - James Rosindell
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Tom Swinfield
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.,Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for Protection of Birds, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Reuben Nilus
- Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - David A Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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