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Lee KH, Noh J, Khim JS. The Blue Economy and the United Nations' sustainable development goals: Challenges and opportunities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105528. [PMID: 32014791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The "Blue Economy (BE)" is an increasingly popular concept as a strategy for safeguarding the world's oceans and water resources. It may emerge when economic activity is in balance with the long term capacity of ocean ecosystems to support the activity in a sustainable manner. Importantly, the concept of BE posits the inherent conflicts between two discourses-growth and development, and protection of ocean resources. The inherent conflicts require solutions to embrace the opportunities associated with the ocean economy while recognizing and addressing its threats. The potential solutions on a global scale are advocated by the United Nations in their Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, we notice that the identification of the scope and boundaries of the BE in line with the UN's SDGs is vague even challenging, and the key stakeholders and their interests and roles in the BE are also vague. This review examines the scientific evidence of the association between the BE and the UN's SDGs, and relevance and alignment of stakeholders on the link between the BE and SDGs. Based on a literature survey between 1998 and 2018, we find that BE is highly associated with SDGs 14-17. Notably, we find that stakeholders prefer SDG 3 Good Health & Well-Being and SDG 8 Decent Work & Economic Growth in the BE context. As stakeholder involvement shows some differences and variations in the relationship between the BE and SDGs, we consider that stakeholders can play some roles directly or indirectly in the BE-SDGs context. In order to set achievable goals and targets in BE-SDGs, we support that key stakeholders should be identified to play several important roles in prosperous economic, societal development and setting tolerable ranges for the ocean biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hoon Lee
- Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Andrades R, Pegado T, Godoy BS, Reis-Filho JA, Nunes JLS, Grillo AC, Machado RC, Santos RG, Dalcin RH, Freitas MO, Kuhnen VV, Barbosa ND, Adelir-Alves J, Albuquerque T, Bentes B, Giarrizzo T. Anthropogenic litter on Brazilian beaches: Baseline, trends and recommendations for future approaches. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110842. [PMID: 32056630 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Beaches are fundamental habitats that regulate the functioning of several coastal processes and key areas contributing to national and local budgets. In this study we provide the first large-scale systematic survey of anthropogenic litter on Brazilian beaches, covering a total of 35 degrees of latitude, recording the litter type, its use and size. Plastic comprised the most abundant litter type, followed by cigarette butts and paper. Small pieces (<5 cm) were dominant among litter size-classes and food-related use was associated to most litter recorded types. Generalized additive models showed that proximity to estuarine run-offs was the main driver to beach litter accumulation, reinforcing river drainages as the primary route of litter coastal pollution. Also, the Clean-Coast Index evidenced there was not a pattern of beach litter pollution among regions, which denotes that actions regarding marine pollution must be taken by all state governances of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Andrades
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Tamyris Pegado
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruno S Godoy
- Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares (INEAF), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - José Amorim Reis-Filho
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; ICHTUS soluções em meio ambiente, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge L S Nunes
- Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Grillo
- CEPENE - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Nordeste, Tamandaré, PE, Brazil
| | - Renan C Machado
- Laboratório de Crustáceos Decápodes, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Robson G Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Marinha e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Roger H Dalcin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Villanova Kuhnen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura e Pesca, Instituto de Pesca, Aparecida/Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Neuciane D Barbosa
- Grupo de pesquisa Atlantis, Colegiado de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade do Estado do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Johnatas Adelir-Alves
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Tiago Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Penedo, AL, Brazil
| | - Bianca Bentes
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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