1
|
Ruiz-Bastidas RC, Ochoa-Durán C, Sanabria J, Cadavid-Rodríguez LS. Effect of Ecuadorian natural zeolite on the performance of anaerobic digestion of swine waste in semicontinuous regime. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141517. [PMID: 38387656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of zeolite as an amendment to mitigate ammonium inhibition in the anaerobic digestion of swine waste. Two 50 L reactors, one with and one without zeolite amendment were operated at an OLR of 3.0 g VS L-1d-1 for 130 days, and fed with swine waste from a full-scale pig farm. Under these conditions, zeolite doses of 4 g L-1 allowed total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations to be kept below 1000 mgNH3-N L-1. The zeolite-amended reactor not only showed an average increase of 8% in methane production under stable conditions but also exhibited 34% reduction in H2S concentrations in the biogas, compared to the reactor without zeolite. The community of archaea originating from the inoculum was conserved in the reactor with zeolite amendment, particularly the acetoclastic methanogens of the genus Methanosaeta. On the other hand, in the reactor without zeolite addition, the microbial community went from being dominated by the acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta to having a high relative abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The zeolite addition also favoured the reactor stability, prevented foaming, and produced an enriched natural zeolite with N, P and K. However, additional studies on the potential of enriched zeolite as a fertilizer are required, which could make the use of zeolite in Anaerobic Digestion of swine waste not only energetically favourable but also economically feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cecilia Ruiz-Bastidas
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Cra. 65 #59a-110, Medellín, 050034, Colombia.
| | - Camilo Ochoa-Durán
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería, Cra. 32 No 12-00, Palmira, 763533, Colombia
| | - Janeth Sanabria
- Universidad del Valle, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Cali, 760042, Colombia
| | - Luz Stella Cadavid-Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería, Cra. 32 No 12-00, Palmira, 763533, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu X, Ye M, Wang J, Wu F, Liu C, Li Z, Lin D, Yang R. Adsorption characteristics and mechanism of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate from biogas slurry by Ca2+-modified soybean straw biochar. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290714. [PMID: 37624822 PMCID: PMC10456179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biogas slurry is critical for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Biomass carbon adsorption is a feasible method for the recycling of nutrients from biogas slurry. However, research on the co-adsorption of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate is scarce. Herein, soybean straw was utilized as the raw material to prepare Ca2+-modified biochar (CaSSB), which was investigated for its ammonia nitrogen and phosphate adsorption mechanisms. Compared with natural biochar (SSB), CaSSB possesses a high H/C ratio, larger surface area, high porosity and various functional groups. Ca2+-modified soybean straw biochar exhibited excellent adsorption performance for NH4+-N (103.18 mg/g) and PO43--P (9.75 mg/g) at pH = 6, using an adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L. The experimental adsorption data of ammonia nitrogen by CaSSB corresponded to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting that the adsorption process was homogeneous and that electrostatic attraction might be the primary adsorption mechanism. Meanwhile, the adsorption of phosphate conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir-Freundlich model, whose mechanism might be attributed to ligand exchange and chemical precipitation. These results reveal the potential of CaSSBs as a cost-effective, efficient adsorbent for the recovery of ammonium and phosphate from biogas slurry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meifeng Ye
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feilong Wu
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cenwei Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhangting Li
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Daiyan Lin
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rilong Yang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao W, Zhi S, Chang CC, Zou S, Zhang K. Different rapid startups for high-solid anaerobic digestion treating pig manure: Metagenomic insights into antibiotic resistance genes fate and microbial metabolic pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116038. [PMID: 37146932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD), as an emerging disposal technology for swine manure, was commonly hampered by the long lag phase and slow startup, resulting in poor performance. Rapid startups by different leachate reflux forms can solve the problem, but related study was scarcely reported. Therefore, metagenomic analysis was used to exploit the effects of different rapid startups on the biogas performance, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) removal and microbial metabolic pathway during HSAD. Compared anaerobic digestion with natural start (T1), three different rapid startups were set, including with autologous leachate reflux (T2), with water reflux (T3) and with exogenous leachate reflux (T4). The results showed that rapid startups (T2-T4) enhanced biogas yield and the cumulative methane yield was increased by 3.7-7.3 times compared with the control. Totally, 922 ARGs were found, most of which belonged to multidrug and MLS ARGs. About 56% of these ARGs could be reduced in T4, while just 32% of ARGs were reduced in T1. Antibiotic efflux pump is the main mechanism of microbial action, which could be decreased largely by these treatments. Moreover, all the rapid startups (T2-T4) made Methanosarcina content (9.59%-75.91%) higher than that in the natural startup of T1 (4.54%-40.27%). This is why these fast-startups helped methane production fast. Network analysis showed that microbial community and environmental factors (pH and VFAs) both contributed to the spread of ARGs. The reconstructed methane metabolic pathway by different identified genes showed that all methanogenesis pathways existed but acetate metabolic pathway was dominant. And the rapid startups made the abundance of acetate metabolic (M00357) higher than the natural startup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Chein-Chi Chang
- Washington D.C. Water and Sewer Authority, 689 Cragsmoor Road Ellicott City, 21042, USA; Chang Tech International, Inc, 3685 Cragsmoor Road, Ellicott City, MD 21042, USA
| | - Shaolan Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duong CM, Lim TT. Use of regression models for development of a simple and effective biogas decision-support tool. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4933. [PMID: 36973379 PMCID: PMC10042808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an alternative way to treat manure while producing biogas as a renewable fuel. To increase the efficiency of AD performance, accurate prediction of biogas yield in different working conditions is necessary. In this study, regression models were developed to estimate biogas production from co-digesting swine manure (SM) and waste kitchen oil (WKO) at mesophilic temperatures. A dataset was collected from the semi-continuous AD studies across nine treatments of SM and WKO, evaluated at 30, 35 and 40 °C. Application of polynomial regression models and variable interactions with the selected data resulted in an adjusted R2 value of 0.9656, much higher than the simple linear regression model (R2 = 0.7167). The significance of the model was observed with the mean absolute percentage error score of 4.16%. Biogas estimation using the final model resulted in a difference between predicted and actual values from 0.2 to 6.7%, except for one treatment which was 9.8% different than observed. A spreadsheet was created to estimate biogas production and other operational factors using substrate loading rates and temperature settings. This user-friendly program could be used as a decision-support tool to provide recommendations for some working conditions and estimation of the biogas yield under different scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Manh Duong
- Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, 147 Agricultural Engineering Building, Columbia, MO, 65211-5200, USA.
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.
| | - Teng-Teeh Lim
- Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, 147 Agricultural Engineering Building, Columbia, MO, 65211-5200, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Macedo A, Fragoso R, Silva I, Gomes T, Martins CF, Freire JB, Duarte E. Mango Peel Nanofiltration Concentrates to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion of Slurry from Piglets Fed with Laminaria. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:371. [PMID: 37103798 PMCID: PMC10144579 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact of biowaste generated during animal production can be mitigated by applying a circular economy model: recycling, reinventing the life cycle of biowaste, and developing it for a new use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding sugar concentrate solutions obtained from the nanofiltration of fruit biowaste (mango peel) to slurry from piglets fed with diets incorporating macroalgae on biogas production performance. The nanofiltration of ultrafiltration permeates from aqueous extracts of mango peel was carried out using membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of 130 Da until a volume concentration factor of 2.0 was reached. A slurry resulting from piglets fed with an alternative diet with the incorporation of 10% Laminaria was used as a substrate. Three different trials were performed sequentially: (i) a control trial (AD0) with faeces resulting from a cereal and soybean-meal-based diet (S0); (ii) a trial with S1 (10% L. digitata) (AD1), and (iii) an AcoD trial to assess the effect of the addition of a co-substrate (20%) to S1 (80%). The trials were performed in a continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) under mesophilic conditions (37.0 ± 0.4 °C), with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 13 days. The specific methane production (SMP) increased by 29% during the anaerobic co-digestion process. These results can support the design of alternative valorisation routes for these biowastes, contributing to sustainable development goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antónia Macedo
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Campus do IPBeja, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Campus do IPBeja, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Cátia F. Martins
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Bengala Freire
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth Duarte
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duong CM, Lim TT. Optimization and microbial diversity of anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure with waste kitchen oil at high organic loading rates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 154:199-208. [PMID: 36252449 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure (SM) and waste kitchen oil (WKO) was conducted to evaluate the effect of high organic loading rates (OLRs) on biogas production efficiency and microbial changes. Combinations of different loading rates of SM and WKO, with total OLRs from 2 to 8 g VS (volatile solid)/L/d, were evaluated in a laboratory-scale study. While feeding more than 4 g VSSM/L/d did not result in higher biogas production in both mono- and co-digestion scenarios, the addition of WKO increased the total OLR up to 6 g VS/L/d without significant reduction of system productivity. Biogas yields of M2O1 (2 g VSSM/L/d + 1 g VSWKO/L/d) and M4O2 were 910 ± 35 and 849 ± 85 mL/g VSfed which were 25.2 % and 16.9 % higher than the mono-digestion of M2, respectively. A significant increase of bacterial alpha-diversity (Shannon index) was observed in M2O1, at 233.0 ± 3.6 compared with 218.7 ± 5.1 of M2 (p < 0.05). Less bacterial alpha-diversity and accumulation of volatile fatty acids were observed in M4O1 and M4O2, suggesting their potential instability. When digesters were fed with M2, the introduction of 1.4 g VSWKO/L/d or more did not increase biogas yield and could cause system imbalance. The study suggests the limit of WKO could be increased when higher OLRs of SM were applied but should not be more than 4 g VSSM/L/d, and ratio between SM and WKO should be considered to avoid failure. Some of the system disturbances took up to three months to show.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Manh Duong
- Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5200, USA; Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam.
| | - Teng-Teeh Lim
- Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5200, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnravindar D, Kaur G, Liang J, Lou L, Zhao J, Manu MK, Kumar R, Varjani S, Wong JWC. Impact of total solids content on biochar amended co-digestion of food waste and sludge: Microbial community dynamics, methane production and digestate quality assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127682. [PMID: 35882316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of biochar addition on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and sewage sludge at different total solids (TS) contents (2.5 %, 5.0 %, and 7.5 %). Biochar co-digestion improved hydrolysis and acidogenesis by neutralizing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) reducing its inhibitions (2.6-fold removal), which elevated the soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) degradation by 2.5 folds leading to a higher cumulative methane production compared to the control. This increase corresponded to an improvement of methane yields by ∼21 %-33 % (242-340 mL/gVSadd) at different TS contents. The biochar surface area offered substantial support for direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) activity, and biofilm-mediated growth of methanogens i.e., Methanosarcina, Methanosata, and Methanobrevibacter. The biochar-enriched digestate improved the seed germination index, and bioavailability of plant nutrients such as N, P, K, and NH4+-N. This study reports an improved biochar-mediated anaerobic co-digestion for efficient and sustainable FW valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davidraj Johnravindar
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guneet Kaur
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jialin Liang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Integrated Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Liwen Lou
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M K Manu
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010 Gujarat, India
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chairattanawat C, Yulisa A, Hwang S. Effect of fish waste augmentation on anaerobic co-digestion of sludge with food waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127731. [PMID: 35934246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sudden augmentation with fish waste (FW) on an operating anaerobic digester was investigated. Fifteen repeated FW spikes (FWS) composed of 1% or 5% FW per working volume of digester were suddenly fed into semi-continuous operation of a mixture of sludge and food waste. Overall process efficiency was not inhibited by FW augmentation. The bacterial community were clustered differently in the 5% FWS treatment than in the control and 1% FWS. Protein-degrading bacteria (Porphyromonadacea, Family XI, and Family XII) were commonly found in the 5% FWS treatment. Their proportions positively correlated with numbers of other bacteria and dominant methanogens (Methanosaeta and Methanospirillum), showing their important role in FWS digestion. FWS caused a shift of bacteria community, but an increase in archaeal concentration. Therefore, sudden addition of an appropriate amount of FW to existing digesters did not provoke process failure. This result contributes an ecologically-benign method to process FW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanee Chairattanawat
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Cheongam-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Arma Yulisa
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Cheongam-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Cheongam-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Yonsei University Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang S, Jena U, Das KC. Long term performance of pilot methanogenic digester filled with seashell wastes treating slaughterhouse wastes: biogas production and environmental impact. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Zheng X, Zou D, Wu Q, Wang H, Li S, Liu F, Xiao Z. Review on fate and bioavailability of heavy metals during anaerobic digestion and composting of animal manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:75-89. [PMID: 35809372 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion and composting are attracting increasing attention due to the increased production of animal manure. It is essential to know about the fate and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) for further utilisation of animal manure. This review has systematically summarised the migration of HMs and the transformation of several typical HMs (Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Pb) during anaerobic digestion and composting. The results showed that organic matter degradation increased the HMs content in biogas residue and compost (with the exception of As in compost). HMs migrated into biogas residue during anaerobic digestion through various mechanisms. Most of HMs in biogas residue and compost exceeded relevant standards. Then, anaerobic digestion increased the bioavailable fractions proportion in Zn and Cd, decreased the F4 proportion, and raised them more than moderate environmental risks. As (III) was the main species in the digester, which extremely increased As toxicity. The increase of F3 proportion in Cu and Pb was due to sulphide formation in biogas residue. Whereas, the high humus content in compost greatly increased the F3 proportion in Cu. The F1 proportion in Zn decreased, but the plant availability of Zn in compost did not reduce significantly. Cd and As mainly converted the bioavailable fractions into stable fractions during composting, but As (V) toxicity needs to be concerned. Moreover, additives are only suitable for animal manure treated with slightly HM contaminated. Therefore, it is necessary to combine more comprehensive methods to improve the manure treatment and make product utilisation safer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qingdan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Shuhui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anaerobic Digestion of Pig Slurry in Fixed-Bed and Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactors. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of animal manure is a potential bioenergy resource that avoids greenhouse gas emissions. However, the conventional approach is to use continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of greater than 30 d. Reactors with biomass retention were investigated in this study in order to increase the efficiency of the digestion process. Filtered pig slurry was used as a substrate in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and fixed-bed (FB) reactor. The highest degradation efficiency (ηCOD) and methane yield (MY) relative to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed at the minimum loading rates, with MY = 262 L/kgCOD and ηCOD = 73% for the FB reactor and MY = 292 L/kgCOD and ηCOD = 76% for the EGSB reactor. The highest daily methane production rate (MPR) was observed at the maximum loading rate, with MPR = 3.00 m3/m3/d at HRT = 2 d for the FB reactor and MPR = 2.16 m3/m3/d at HRT = 3 d for the EGSB reactor. For both reactors, a reduction in HRT was possible compared to conventionally driven CSTRs, with the EGSB reactor offering a higher methane yield and production rate at a shorter HRT.
Collapse
|
12
|
Brojanigo S, Alvarado-Morales M, Basaglia M, Casella S, Favaro L, Angelidaki I. Innovative co-production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and methane from broken rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153931. [PMID: 35183640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Broken rice, a low-cost starchy residue of the rice industry, can be an interesting substrate to reduce the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production cost. However, since the most common PHAs-producing strains lack amylases, this waste must be firstly hydrolysed by additional commercial enzymes. In this work, the acidogenesis phase of the anaerobic digestion was exploited as efficient hydrolysis step to convert broken rice into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) to be used as PHAs carbon source by Cupriavidus necator DSM 545, one of the most promising PHAs-producing microbes. Broken rice, both non-hydrolysed and enzymatically hydrolysed, was processed in two continuous stirred tank reactors, at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 5, 4 and, 3 days, to produce VFAs. The highest VFAs levels were obtained from non-hydrolysed broken rice which was efficiently exploited for PHAs accumulation by C. necator DSM 545. PHAs contents were higher after 96 h of incubation and, noteworthy, reached the highest value of 0.95 g/L in the case of 4 days HRT without any chemicals supplementation, except vitamins. Moreover, in view of a biorefinery approach, the residual solid fraction was used for methane production resulting in promising CH4 levels. Methane yields were very promising again for 4 days HRT. As such, this HRT resulted to be the most suitable to obtain effluents with high promise in terms of both PHAs accumulation and CH4 production. In addition, these results demonstrate that broken rice could be efficiently processed into two valuable products without any costly enzymatic pre-treatment and pave the way for future biorefining approaches where this by-product can be converted in a cluster of added-value compounds. Techno-economical estimations are in progress to assess the feasibility of the entire process, in view of supporting the low-cost conversion of organic waste into valuable products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Brojanigo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Marina Basaglia
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Sergio Casella
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boni MR, Polettini A, Pomi R, Rossi A, Filippi A, Cecchini G, Frugis A, Leoni S. Valorisation of residues from municipal wastewater sieving through anaerobic (co-)digestion with biological sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:814-821. [PMID: 34218750 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211028449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Circular and Green Economy principles is inspiring new approaches to municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) design and operation. Recently, an ever-growing interest is devoted to exploring the alternatives for switching the WWTPs from being able to 'simply' removing contaminants from water to biorefinery-like plants where energy and material can be recovered. In this perspective, both wastewater and residues from process can be valorised for recovering nutrients (N and P), producing value added products (i.e. biopolymers), energy vectors and biofuels (i.e. bio-H2, bio-CH4 and bioethanol). As an additional benefit, changing the approach for WWTPs design and operation will decrease the overall amount of landfilled residues. In this context, the present research is aimed at evaluating the CH4 production potential of MWW screening units' residues. While such a stream is typically landfilled, the expected progressive increase of biodegradable matter content due to the ban on single-use plastic along with the boost of bioplastics makes the investigation of different biochemical valorisation routes more and more interesting from an environmental and economical perspective. Thus, a full-scale data collection campaign was performed to gain information on screening residues amount and properties and to analyse the relationship with influent flowrate. The most relevant residue properties were measured, and lab-scale tests were carried out to evaluate the bio-CH4 potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Boni
- DICEA Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Polettini
- DICEA Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pomi
- DICEA Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreina Rossi
- DICEA Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ammonium and Phosphate Recovery from Biogas Slurry: Multivariate Statistical Analysis Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Livestock biogas slurry is an effluent containing nutrients such as ammonium and phosphate that are released by the industries. Therefore, recovery and reuse of ammonium and phosphorus is highly necessary. In recent years, many studies have been devoted to the use of different multivariate statistical analyses to investigate the interrelationship of one factor to another factor. The overall objective of this research study was to understand the significance of phosphate and ammonium recovery from biogas slurry using the multivariate statistical approach. This study was conducted using a range of salts that are commonly found in biogas slurry (ZnCl2, FeCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3). Experiments with a biogas digester and aqueous solution were conducted at pH 9, with integration with NH4+, Mg2+, and PO43− molar ratios of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively. The removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate increased from 15.0% to 71.0% and 18.0% to 99.0%, respectively, by increasing the dose of respective ions K+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and CO32−. The elements were increased from 58.0 to 71.0 for HCO3−, with the concentration increasing from 30 mg L−1 to 240 mg L−1. Principal component, regression, path analysis, and Pearson correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationships of phosphate and ammonium recovery under different biochar, pyrolysis temperature, element concentration and removal efficiencies. Multivariate statistical analysis was also used to comprehensively evaluate the biochar and struvite effects on recovery of ammonium and phosphate from biogas slurry. The results showed that combined study of multivariate statistics suggested that all the indicators positively or negatively affected each other. Pearson correlation was insignificant in many ionic concentrations, as all were more than the significant 0.05. The study concluded that temperature, biochar type, and varying levels of components, such as K+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, CO32−, and HCO3−, all had a substantial impact on P and NH4+ recovery. Temperature and varying amounts of metal salts enhanced the efficacy of ammonium and phosphate recovery. This research elucidated the methods by which biochar effectively reuses nitrogen and phosphate from biogas slurry, presenting a long-term agricultural solution.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wei Y, Gao Y, Yuan H, Chang Y, Li X. Effects of organic loading rate and pretreatments on digestion performance of corn stover and chicken manure in completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152499. [PMID: 34968582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The performance, system stability, and microbial community response in anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of corn stover (CS) and chicken manure (CM) were investigated by running completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) under controlled organic loading rate (OLR). Prior to anaerobic digestion (AD), potassium hydroxide (KOH) or liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) was applied to pretreat CS, respectively. The results showed that the daily biogas production (DBP) in co-digestion showed a gradual increasing trend with an increase in the OLR from 65 g TS·L-1 to 100 g TS·L-1. The daily methane production per g volatile solids (DMP-VS) in co-digestion increased by 23.0%-27.1%, 18.7%-18.8%, and 17.5%-18.0% at the OLRs of 65, 80, and 100 g TS·L-1, respectively, upon pretreatment with KOH or LFD, as compared to that in co-digestion CSTR without any pretreatment. In addition, all co-digestion CSTRs were operated in stable state. Approximately half of the total carbon in the substrates was recovered in the form of a biogas product, with the carbon mass balance being impacted by the OLR as well as pretreatment. The diversity as well as function of the microbial community varied in response to different OLRs and pretreatment methods. The majority of bacterial genera were strongly correlated with operational parameters. The study indicates that management of OLR and selection of proper pretreatment method could enhance the efficiency and productivity of CS and CM co-digestion in CSTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hairong Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yanqing Chang
- WELLE Environmental Group Co., Ltd., No. 156, Hanjiang Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213125, PR China
| | - Xiujin Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng Y, Xia J, Zhao R, Liu X, Xu J. Modified biochar promotes the direct interspecies electron transfer between iron-reducing bacteria and methanogens in high organic loading co-digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126030. [PMID: 34592455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High organic loading (HOL) could reduce substrate degradation and methane production. The objective of this study was to investigate the promotion mechanism of iron-modified biochar in HOL co-digestion. The results showed that the specific surface area of iron-modified biochar prepared at 500 ⁰C (500Fe@BC) was 131.7 m2/g. In 12% (w/w) of HOL co-digestion, 500Fe@BC addition enhanced methanogenesis by both aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways and showed the best methane yield performance. Compared with the non-biochar addition group, an increase of 56.6% and 11% in average methane content and cumulative methane yield was observed in the presence of 500Fe@BC during 25 days of hydraulic retention time. Furthermore, the buffer capacity of HOL co-digestion has been intensified, which attributed to the 500Fe@BC accelerated the hydrolysis of substrates and promoted the consumption of the volatile fatty acids. Moreover, 500Fe@BC promoted the enrichment of iron-reducing bacteria (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Romboutsia) and methanogens (Methanosarcina, Methanobacterium).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Q, Zeng L, Fu X, Pan F, Shi X, Wang T. Comparison of anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and sludge at different mixing ratios at thermophilic and mesophilic temperatures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125425. [PMID: 34157435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the effects of the mixing ratio on the methane production and digestate dewaterability of co-digestion of pig manure (P) and sludge (S). Batch experiments were carried out at five different P/S mixing ratios at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. Compared to sludge anaerobic digestion, co-digestion of pig manure with sludge increased methane yield 83.0%-136.5% at mesophilic temperature and 31.3%-68.0% at thermophilic temperature. The normalized capillary suction time (NCST) and total solids (TS) of sediment (centrifugal dewatering) increased when pig manure proportion of substrate increased. The NCST at thermophilic temperatures (4.87-17.58 s g-1-TSS) was higher than that at mesophilic temperatures (1.89-10.95 s g-1-TSS). However, the TS of sediment was close at thermophilic and mesophilic temperatures. The results indicated that anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and sludge at a proper mixing ratio (P/S = 2:1) provides a good choice for energy recovery and land utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Liyuan Zeng
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry (Jiujiang University), Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry (Jiujiang University), Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Xi'an Scientific Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry (Jiujiang University), Jiujiang 332005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang H, Deng L, Wu J, Wang W, Zheng D, Wang Z, Liu Y. Intermittent air mixing system for anaerobic digestion of animal wastewater: Operating conditions and full-scale validation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125304. [PMID: 34029867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An air mixing system for anaerobic digestion has been proved to be beneficial for methane production. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the appropriate conditions for air mixing. The effective methane production time (EMPT) was defined to determine the air mixing time in the article. The results indicated that the appropriate aeration intensity was 66.7 mL air per volume of reactor per min and mixing time was 1.5 min. When air mixing time exceeded 3 min on each occasion, total CH4 production was less than that achieved under the no mixing condition due to a decrease in the EMPT. In addition, the possibility of air mixing was evaluated in an anaerobic full-scale plant comprising a continuous stirred tank reactor. One year of operating data validated the feasibility of air mixing during the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Yang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Jianwang Wu
- Shijiazhuang Chengding Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arias DE, Veluchamy C, Habash MB, Gilroyed BH. Biogas production, waste stabilization efficiency, and hygienization potential of a mesophilic anaerobic plug flow reactor processing swine manure and corn stover. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112027. [PMID: 33516982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Swine manure and corn stover are abundant agricultural wastes which contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, nutrient runoff leading to eutrophication, and a biosafety risk with respect to improper swine manure handling. Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of swine manure and corn stover can mitigate these negative impacts while producing biogas as a renewable energy source. Semi-continuous mesophilic plug flow reactor (PFR operation) was studied during a step-wise increase in organic loading rate (OLR) over the range of 0.25-4.7 kg volatile solids added (VS) m-3 d-1, which corresponded to total solids content (TS) of 1.5-9.0%. Process stability was observed at all OLR, with the highest total biogas yield and methane content of 0.674 ± 0.06 m-3 kg-1 and 62%, respectively, at 0.25 kg m-3 d-1. As OLR and TS increased, VS reduction decreased and volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased due to shorter hydraulic retention times (HRT). Hygienization potential was assayed using fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), with some groups being reduced (E. coli, fecal coliforms) and others not (Clostridia spp., fecal enterococci). Lignocellulolytic enzyme activity trended upward as OLR was increased, highlighting changes in microbial activity in response to feeding rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Arias
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - Chitraichamy Veluchamy
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, N0P 2C0, Canada; Centre for Agricultural Renewable Energy and Sustainability, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, N0P 2C0, Canada.
| | - Marc B Habash
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brandon H Gilroyed
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, N0P 2C0, Canada; Centre for Agricultural Renewable Energy and Sustainability, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, N0P 2C0, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li B, Jing F, Hu Z, Liu Y, Xiao B, Guo D. Simultaneous recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from biogas slurry by Fe-modified biochar. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
21
|
Hwang O, Scoggin K, Andersen D, Ro K, Trabue S. Swine manure dilution with lagoon effluent impact on odor reduction and manure digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:336-349. [PMID: 33415744 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manure management systems have a major impact on odor from swine operations. A study was conducted to compare deep-pit manure management systems to flushing barn manure management systems for odor reduction and organic matter degradation. Bioreactors were used to mimic manure management systems in which manure and lagoon effluent were loaded initially, and subsequent manure was added daily at 5% of its storage capacity (1 L). Final manure-to-lagoon effluent ratios were 10:0 (deep-pit manure management system), 7:3 (Korean flushing systems), 5:5 (enhanced flushing systems), and 2:8 (enhanced flushing systems). At the end of the trial, at 4 (2:8), 10 (5:5), or 14 (10:0, 7:3) d, manure and gas concentrations of odorants were measured, including total solids (TS), total N (TN), and total C (TC) of manure. Odor was evaluated using the odor activity values (OAVs), and regression analysis was used to determine the effects of dilution and TS on manure properties and OAVs. Solids in the manure were positively correlated to TN, TC, straight chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branch chain fatty acids (BCFAs), total phenols, and total indoles and positively correlated to OAV for SCFAs, BCFAs, ammonia, total phenols, and total indoles. Reducing TS by 90% reduced BCFA, ammonia, phenols, and indoles by equal amounts in air. Carbon dioxide was the main C source evolved, averaging over 90%, and CH4 increased with dilution quadratically. Overall, reducing solids in manure by dilution had the biggest impact on reducing odor and increasing organic C degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Okhwa Hwang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-Ro, Iseo-Myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenwood Scoggin
- National Lab. for Agriculture and the Environment, USDA-ARS, 1015 N. University Blvd., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Daniel Andersen
- Dep. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State Univ., 3348 Elings Hall, Ames, AI, 50011, USA
| | - Kyoung Ro
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - Steven Trabue
- National Lab. for Agriculture and the Environment, USDA-ARS, 1015 N. University Blvd., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu Q, Feng L, Zhen X. Effects of organic loading rate and temperature fluctuation on the microbial community and performance of anaerobic digestion of food waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13176-13187. [PMID: 33179190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation of food waste was carried out using a solar-assisted heat reactor to explore effects of temperature fluctuation and organic loading rate (OLR: 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 kg/(m3 day)VS on the reactor performance and microbial community structure. The results showed that the best methane production was achieved when OLR was 6.0 kg/(m3 day)VS because the reactors did not operate stably at 7.0 kg/(m3 day)VS. Compared with fluctuation of fermentation temperature, methane production at stable fermentation temperature increased by 21.72%, but higher power consumption occured. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that OLR played a decisive role in succession of microbial community structure, while temperature fluctuation was more likely to affect microbial activity. When OLR was lower than 4.0 kg/(m3 day)VS, aceticlastic methanogens Methanosaeta were the dominant bacteria, while at 6.0 kg/(m3 day)VS, relative abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens Methanoregula and Methanospirillum increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, 37 Daoyi South Street, Shenyang, 110136, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, 37 Daoyi South Street, Shenyang, 110136, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhen
- School of New Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Improving the Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure through an Optimized Ammonia Treatment: Process Performance, Digestate and Techno-Economic Aspects. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Swine manure mono-digestion results in relatively low methane productivity due to the low degradation rate of its solid fraction (manure fibers), and due to the high ammonia and water content. The aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) pretreatment of manure fibers has been proposed for overcoming these limitations. In this study, continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure mixed with optimally AAS-treated manure fibers was compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated manure fibers. Due to lab-scale pumping restrictions, the ratio of AAS-optimally treated manure fibers to manure was only 1/3 on a total solids (TS) basis. However, the biogas productivity and methane yield were improved by 17% and 38%, respectively, also confirming the predictions from a simplified 1st order hydrolysis model based on batch experiments. Furthermore, an improved reduction efficiency of major organic components was observed for the digester processing AAS-treated manure fibers compared to the non-treated one (e.g., 42% increased reduction for cellulose fraction). A preliminary techno-economic analysis of the proposed process showed that mixing raw manure with AAS manure fibers in large-scale digesters could result in a 72% increase of revenue compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated fibers and 135% increase compared to that of solely manure.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou H, Cao Z, Zhang M, Ying Z, Ma L. Zero-valent iron enhanced in-situ advanced anaerobic digestion for the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142077. [PMID: 32911148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The in-situ advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) enhanced with zero-valent iron powder (ZVI) under mesophilic condition was investigated to remove 5 antibiotics (sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), ofloxacin (OFL), tetracycline (TC), and roxithromycin (ROX)) and 11 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (AAC (6')-IB-CR, qnrS, ermF, ermT, ermX, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, and tetG) in sewage sludge. The effects of different ZVI dosages, antibiotic concentrations, and solid retention time (SRTs) on the removal were explored. Also, the correlation coefficient of antibiotics and ARGs, microbial community structure, biogas production and methane yield were analyzed. All conducted treatments operated stably, and the modified Gompertz model described the cumulative methane yield well. The antibiotics, with the exception of OFL, were effectively removed in the sewage sludge at a dosage of 1000 mg/L ZVI, SRT 20 d, and an antibiotic concentration of 20 μg/L during AAD. The removal rates of SMZ, SMR, TC, and ROX reached 97.39%, 74.54%, 78.61%, and 56.58%, respectively. AAC (6')-IB-CR and tetB could be effectively reduced during the in-situ AAD. Through the redundancy analysis, AAC (6')-IB-CR, ermT, ermX, sul2, tetB, and tetG had strong positive correlations with the antibiotics in the reactor. The principle component analysis revealed that the community structure was similar when the SRT was 10 d and 20 d at the same amount of ZVI and antibiotic concentrations in the sludge. Under the operating parameters of 1000 mg/L ZVI dosage, SRT 20 d, and an antibiotic concentration of 20 μg/L, Erysipelotrichia, Verrucomicrobia, Clostridia, Caldiserica, and Alphaproteobacteria of the class were dominated microorganisms in the anaerobic digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhengcao Cao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Minquan Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhenxi Ying
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qu J, Sun Y, Awasthi MK, Liu Y, Xu X, Meng X, Zhang H. Effect of different aerobic hydrolysis time on the anaerobic digestion characteristics and energy consumption analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124332. [PMID: 33157447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic hydrolysis of stover before anaerobic digestion is beneficial to improve the biodegradability of corn stover. Aerobic hydrolysis of corn stover at 43 °C was conducted to investigate the effects of hydrolysis time (0 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h) on the degradation of lignocellulose from corn stover and material conversion. Further anaerobic digestion and energy consumption analysis with the digestion temperature of 36 °C were carried out. The accumulation rate of volatile fatty acids began to slow down after 16 h of hydrolysis, and the concentration of acetic acid reached 221.85 mmol/L at 24 h of hydrolysis. The degradation rate of lignocellulose was obviously increased after hydrolysis. When the hydrolysis time was 16 h, it reached the maximum cumulative methane production with 268.75 ml/g VS. In terms of biogas production and energy conversion efficiency, it is more appropriate to choose 16 h as hydrolysis time in biogas engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yuyingnan Liu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongqiong Zhang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an efficient technology for a sustainable conversion of various organic wastes such as animal manure, municipal solid waste, agricultural residues and industrial waste into biogas. This technology offers a unique set of benefits, some of which include a good waste management technique, enhancement in the ecology of rural areas, improvement in health through a decrease of pathogens and optimization of the energy consumption of communities. The biogas produced through anaerobic digestion varies in composition, but it consists mainly of carbon dioxide methane together with a low quantity of trace gases. The variation in biogas composition are dependent on some factors namely the substrate type being digested, pH, operating temperature, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time and digester design. However, the type of substrate used is of greater interest due to the direct dependency of microorganism activities on the nutritional composition of the substrate. Therefore, the aim of this review study is to provide a detailed analysis of the various types of organic wastes that have been used as a substrate for the sustainable production of biogas. Biogas formation from various substrates reported in the literature were investigated, an analysis and characterization of these substrates provided the pro and cons associated with each substrate. The findings obtained showed that the methane yield for all animal manure varied from 157 to 500 mL/gVS with goat and pig manure superseding the other animal manure whereas lignocellulose biomass varied from 160 to 212 mL/gVS. In addition, organic municipal solid waste and industrial waste showed methane yield in the ranges of 143–516 mL/gVS and 25–429 mL/gVS respectively. These variations in methane yield are primarily attributed to the nutritional composition of the various substrates.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu S, Wang C, Sun Y, Luo L, Wong JWC. Assessing the stability of co-digesting sewage sludge with pig manure under different mixing ratios. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 114:299-306. [PMID: 32683245 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the digester stability and overall methane production of co-digestion of sewage sludge (SS) and pig manure (PM). Four different ratios of PM were mixed with SS to reach different final concentrations of total solids (TS), i.e. 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. Volatile solids (VS) reduction rate decreased along with an increase in TS%, and the maximum cumulative methane yield of 342 mL/g VSrem was obtained in treatment with TS of 6%. When TS was ≥ 8%, accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), free ammonium nitrogen (FAN) and total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) were observed. At a TS content of 10%, VFAs accumulated to > 20000 mg/L and the highest FAN was 481 mg/L. The suppression of methanogenesis was negatively correlated with FAN and VFA/TIC (P < 0.05). Co-digestion demonstrated to be an effective way to improve the methane yield from SS due to the enriched biodegradable organic substance and more balanced C/N ratio by incorporating PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Chongyang Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Liwen Luo
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture and Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jonathan Woon-Chung Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture and Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Duan N, Khoshnevisan B, Lin C, Liu Z, Liu H. Life cycle assessment of anaerobic digestion of pig manure coupled with different digestate treatment technologies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105522. [PMID: 32007689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The direct use of digestate on farmlands as soil amendment is becoming an uneconomic option for farmers. Moreover, there are serious environmental concerns about its oversupply in regions with intensive biogas plants. Downstream technologies, offering innovative upcycling methods to handle huge amounts of digestate, have absorbed great interest in this context. In this study, three digestate treatment technologies were compared from a life cycle assessment perspective to combine the environmental impacts from pig manure transportation to biogas plants, biogas production, different digestate treatment technologies, and the use of final products. The results showed that scenario including digestate fractionation into solid and liquid, and their use for compost production and microalgae cultivation, respectively, would be a suitable downstream strategy with lower impacts on human health, ecosystem quality, and climate change damage categories, however future improvements still required. The results showed that sealed storage system or fast-continuous downstream processes as well as shorter distances between biogas plants and farms can significantly enhance the environmental performance of coupled anaerobic digestion and microalgae production. The high energy payback also signified that co-digestion of pig manure and microalgae would be energetically favorable in this context. However, having compared the results with a baseline scenario demonstrated that the direct use of digestate on farmlands, under controlled conditions to avoid its over application, is still the most environmentally favorable option, despite being a costly option for farmers. The results achieved in the present study suffered some uncertainties because technologies under consideration are at their infancy stage, thus further research still is required to find the most sustainable solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Duan
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Benyamin Khoshnevisan
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dong D, Choi OK, Lee K, Lee JW. Pilot-scale demonstration of nitrogen recovery in the form of ammonium phosphate (AP) from anaerobic digestate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122392. [PMID: 31767424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen in anaerobic digestate was recovered as ammonium phosphates (APs), a valuable fertilizer, in a pilot-scale system consisting of ammonia stripper, absorber and crystallizer. The dissolved ammonium concentration in the anaerobic digestate was stripped and then absorbed into the phosphoric acid (42.5 wt%) with 95% absorbing efficiency. As the NH3 stripping continued, both the N/P ratio and pH, key operating parameters in the absorber are optimized N/P = 0.6 and pH = 1.7. The residual AP solution after crystallization was reused to enhance the crystallization efficiency up to 88%. The overall recovery efficiency of APs was estimated at 72% of the input nitrogen mass. Analyses of SEM and XRD revealed that the recovered AP crystals were mainly composed of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP). This pilot-scale study demonstrated that nitrogen load in anaerobic digestates could be effectively recovered as a valuable fertilizer source of AP crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dong
- Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Kyung Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; Center of Technology for Energy, Environmental & Engineering, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kwanhyoung Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang H, Wang L, Dai Z, Zhang R, Chen C, Liu G. Effect of organic loading, feed-to-inoculum ratio, and pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of tobacco stalks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122474. [PMID: 31865253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work firstly investigated the suitable organic loading (OL) and feed to inoculum (F/I) ratio of three kinds of tobacco stalks (TS116, TS99, and TS85) during anaerobic digestion (AD) via response surface methodology (RSM). The highest experimental methane yield (EMY) of 148.1 mL/g VS was achieved from TS116 at OL of 20.2 g VS/L and F/I ratio of 1.1. To further increase EMY, various pretreatments including alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP), NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, HCl, and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) were implemented on TS116. Results showed that AHP was most effective, and the maximal EMY of 350.7 mL/g VS and biodegradability (Bd) of 81.4% were obtained from 7% AHP pretreated TS116, which increased by 105.6% than untreated. XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses evidenced that the structure of AHP pretreated TS116 was strongly disrupted. This study lays the foundation for applying this waste into AD in future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ligong Wang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhuangqiang Dai
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Chang Chen
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ma J, Pan J, Qiu L, Wang Q, Zhang Z. Biochar triggering multipath methanogenesis and subdued propionic acid accumulation during semi-continuous anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122026. [PMID: 31449922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The semi-continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) performances of dry chicken manure (DCM) were investigated at the temperature of 35 ± 1 °C with and without biochar. The average specific methane productions of 0.18 L/g VSadded and 0.17 L/g VSadded were achieved without biochar at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.125 and 6.25 g VS/L/d, respectively. An increase of 12% in methane production was obtained in the presence of biochar at the two operational OLRs. Accumulation of propionic acid was observed associating with AD of DCM, which was substantially alleviated by biochar supplement. The buffer capacity of biochar was supposed to develop through strengthening the buffer system established by NH4+ and volatile fatty acids. Methanosarcina that can utilize multiple nutrients for methanogenesis was the dominant archaea in the presence of biochar, while the strictly aceticlastic Methanosaeta was dominant in control digester. These results suggest that biochar enhanced methanogenesis through intensifying its available pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Western Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junting Pan
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Western Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao J, Li Y, Pan S, Tu Q, Zhu H. Performance of a forward osmotic membrane bioreactor for anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with increasing solid concentration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:239-246. [PMID: 31176985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A forward osmotic membrane bioreactor for sludge anaerobic digestion (ad-OMBR) could realize high-solid digestion via drawing moisture out by forward osmosis (FO). Methane production and microbial community evolution were monitored in an ad-OMBR as the total solids (TS) content was gradually increased. With magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane as a draw solution and FO membrane, respectively, the ad-OMBR exhibited better performance than the conventional digester, with higher solid content, organic degradation and methane content in biogas. The conductivity of the ad-OMBR did not increase, potentially because of the formation of struvite crystals aided by the reverse-fluxed Mg2+ ions. Microbial diversity increased along with the increase in solid content based on the Shannon index, while the most operational taxonomic units were obtained in the 8% TS sludge Although phylum Firmicutes decreased when the TS content was raised to 11%, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, which could also degrade organic matter, increased with increasing TS in ad-OMBR. FO membrane fouling in ad-OMBR was highly reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qianqian Tu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang J, Wang D, Luo Z, Zeng W. Influence of reflux ratio on the anaerobic digestion of pig manure in leach beds coupled with continuous stirred tank reactors. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 97:115-122. [PMID: 31447018 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of reflux ratio on the anaerobic mono-digestion of pig manure (PM) in leach beds coupled with continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) has been studied in this work, and contents of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and biogas yields were determined for three groups of leach bed reactor (LBR) - CSTR systems. The obtained results indicated that the reflux of biogas slurry increased both the pH of the acid-producing phase and acetic acid yield and repeatedly degraded the refractory organic matter in the biogas slurry. The larger reflux ratio increased the inoculation volume and substantially enhanced the mass transfer process. The maximum values of the biogas and methane yields equal to 259.49 and 167.44 mL/g volatile solids, respectively, were achieved at a reflux ratio of 100%. Moreover, the weight of the PM leachate residue was reduced by 94.14%, and the total nutrient content (N + P2O5 + K2O) was relatively high (1.48%), which was suitable for vegetable seedling substrates. In conclusion, during the treatment of PM in LBR-CSTRs, the solid phase remains on the leach bed, and the leachate is supplied to a biogas tank, which effectively increases its stability of operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Dehan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China.
| | - Zifeng Luo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Weishen Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang C, Xiong L, Guo HJ, Li HL, Wang C, Chen XF, Zhao C, Chen XD. Anaerobic digestion of elephant grass hydrolysate: Biogas production, substrate metabolism and outlet effluent treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:191-197. [PMID: 30908983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) acid hydrolysate was used as substrate for anaerobic digestion for the first time. Within short period (ten days), the organic materials (sugars and organic acids) in the elephant grass hydrolysate could be utilized efficiently for stable biogas production that the COD removal, biogas yield, and CH4 content were 91.3 ± 2.0%, 0.561 ± 0.014 m3/kg COD consumption, and 68.1 ± 4.6%, respectively throughout this bioprocess. During anaerobic digestion, almost no volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was accumulated (merely <0.1 g/L acetic acid was found) and the outlet pH was very stable (7.3 ± 0.1). Meanwhile, the furans including furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) existing in the inlet substrate could be degraded. After anaerobic digestion, the outlet effluent was treated by combination of Fe-C micro-electrolysis and Fenton reaction to remove 93.1% of residual COD and 98.6% of color. Considering the performance, cost, operation, and environmental influence, this technology is suitable for industrial treatment of waste elephant grass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, PR China
| | - Lian Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, PR China
| | - Hai-Jun Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, PR China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, PR China
| | - Xue-Fang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xin-De Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|