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Rebi A, Wang G, Irfan M, Hussain A, Mustafa A, Flynn T, Ejaz I, Raza T, Mushtaq P, Rizwan M, Zhou J. Unraveling the impact of wildfires on permafrost ecosystems: Vulnerability, implications, and management strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120917. [PMID: 38663084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Permafrost regions play an important role in global carbon and nitrogen cycling, storing enormous amounts of organic carbon and preserving a delicate balance of nutrient dynamics. However, the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires in these regions pose significant challenges to the stability of these ecosystems. This review examines the effects of fire on chemical, biological, and physical properties of permafrost regions. The physical, chemical, and pedological properties of frozen soil are impacted by fires, leading to changes in soil structure, porosity, and hydrological functioning. The combustion of organic matter during fires releases carbon and nitrogen, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loss. Understanding the interactions between fire severity, ecosystem processes, and the implications for permafrost regions is crucial for predicting the impacts of wildfires and developing effective strategies for ecosystem protection and agricultural productivity in frozen soils. By synthesizing available knowledge and research findings, this review enhances our understanding of fire severity's implications for permafrost ecosystems and offers insights into effective fire management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Rebi
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, Islamia University Bahawalpur-63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Azfar Hussain
- International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCO, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Trevan Flynn
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2194, Sweden
| | - Irsa Ejaz
- Department of Crop Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Taqi Raza
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Parsa Mushtaq
- Research Center for Urban Forestry of Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Jinxing Zhou
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Liang D, Ning Y, Ji C, Zhang Y, Wu H, Ma H, Zhang J, Wang J. Biochar and Manure Co-Application Increases Rice Yield in Low Productive Acid Soil by Increasing Soil pH, Organic Carbon, and Nutrient Retention and Availability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:973. [PMID: 38611502 PMCID: PMC11013642 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, overuse of chemical fertilization has led to soil acidification and decreased rice yield productivity in southern China. Biochar and manure co-application remediation may have positive effects on rice yield and improve acid paddy soil fertility. This study was conducted to understand the effects of co-application of wood biochar and pig manure on rice yield and acid paddy soil quality (0-40 cm soil layers) in a 5-year field experiment. The experiment consisted of six treatments: no biochar and no fertilizer (CK); biochar only (BC); mineral fertilizer (N); mineral fertilizer combined with biochar (N + BC); manure (25% manure N replacing fertilizer N) combined with mineral fertilizer (MN); and manure combined with mineral fertilizer and biochar (MN + BC). Total nitrogen application for each treatment was the same at 270 kg nitrogen ha-1y-1, and 30 t ha-1 biochar was added to the soil only in the first year. After five years, compared with N treatments, N + BC, MN, and MN + BC treatments increased the rice yield rate to 2.8%, 4.3%, and 6.3%, respectively, by improving soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphate under a 0-40 cm soil layer. MN + BC had the strongest resistance to soil acidification among all the treatments. The interaction between fertilizers and biochar application was significant (p < 0.05) in rice yield, soil electrical conductivity (10-20 cm), and soil available phosphate (20-40 cm). Principal component analysis indicated that the effect of manure on soil property was stronger than that of biochar in the 0-40 cm soil layer. The overall rice yield and soil fertility decreased in the order of biochar + mineral fertilizer + manure > mineral fertilizer + manure > biochar + mineral fertilizer > mineral fertilizer > biochar > control. These results suggest that biochar and manure co-application is a long-term viable strategy for improving acid soil productivity due to its improvements in soil pH, organic carbon, nutrient retention, and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Scientific Observatory and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunwang Ning
- Scientific Observatory and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Scientific Observatory and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Scientific Observatory and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huashan Wu
- Scientific Observatory and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Scientific Observatory and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Scientific Observatory and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- Scientific Observatory and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
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Wang L, Tang X, Liu X, Xue R, Zhang J. Mineral solubilizing microorganisms and their combination with plants enhance slope stability by regulating soil aggregate structure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303102. [PMID: 38223289 PMCID: PMC10786348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The stability of exposed slopes is prone to natural disasters, seriously threatening socio-economic and human security. Through years of exploration and research, we proposed an active permanent greening (APG) method based on patented mineral solubilizing microorganisms (MSMs) as an improvement over the traditional greening method. Methods In this study, we selected two MSMs (Bacillus thuringiensis and Gongronella butleri) and a plant species (Lolium perenne L.) set up six treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6) to investigate the effectiveness of the MSMs and their combinations with the plant species on the soil stability using APG method. Results We noted that both MSMs and the plant species significantly improved soil aggregate stability and organic matter content. Of all the treatments, the T1 treatment exhibited better results, with soil aggregate stability and organic matter content increased to 45.63% and 137.57%, respectively, compared to the control. Soil stability was significant positively correlated with macroaggregate content and negatively with microaggregates. Using structural equation modeling analysis, we further evaluated the mechanism underpinning the influence of organic matter content and fractions on the content of each graded agglomerates. The analysis showed that the macroaggregate content was influenced by the presence of the plant species, primarily realized by altering the content of organic matter and aromatic and amide compounds in the agglomerates, whereas the microaggregate content was influenced by the addition of MSMs, primarily realized by the content of organic matter and polysaccharide compounds. Overall, we observed that the effect of the co-action of MSMs and the plant species was significantly better than that of using MSMs or the plant species alone. Discussion The findings of this study provide reliable data and theoretical support for the development and practical application of the APG method to gradually develop and improve the new greening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjian Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinggang Tang
- Jiangxi Institute of Land Space Survey and Planning, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-protection and Restoration in Great Lakes Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rengui Xue
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Sangotayo AO, Chakraborty P, Xu S, Kumar S, Kovacs P. Cattle manure application for 12 and 17 years enhanced depth distribution of soil organic carbon and X-ray computed tomography-derived pore characteristics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23042. [PMID: 38155196 PMCID: PMC10754813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term fertilizer application in row crops may influence soil pore characteristics, thereby impacting soil aggregation and structure. Therefore, understanding the influences on soil pore characteristics is useful for adopting suitable conservation practices. However, the impact of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer application at varied rates on soil pore characteristics in the soil profile at a microscale level remains limited. This study quantifies the impacts of manure and inorganic fertilizer amendments under a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.)-spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotation system on soil pore characteristics using the X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Treatments included: low manure (LM; 4.4 and 3.3 Mg ha-1), medium manure (MM; 27.4 and 18.7 Mg ha-1), high manure (HM; 54.8 and 37.4 Mg ha-1), medium fertilizer (MF; 136 kg N ha-1, 49 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 91.5 kg K2O ha-1), high fertilizer (HF; 204 kg N ha-1, 73.5 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 137.3 kg K2O ha-1), and control (CK), respectively, at Brookings (initiated in 2008) and Beresford (2003) in South Dakota. Four intact soil cores were collected from each treatment at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm depths. Results showed that the HM treatment increased the SOC by 8-68% compared to the CK and MF at 0-20 cm at the study sites. Both HM and MM treatments increased the macroporosity and mesoporosity in 0-20 cm soil depths at both study sites. Treatment did not always improve soil pore characteristics below 20 cm soil depth. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the XCT-derived macroporosity, total number of macropores, and SOC for all the treatments. Therefore, this study encourages the adoption of the XCT technique in quantifying soil pore characteristics and suggests that long-term medium manure application enhances soil structure as compared to an equivalent inorganic fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuoluwa Ojonoka Sangotayo
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Poulamee Chakraborty
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sutie Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
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Abbasi Q, Pourakbar L, Siavash Moghaddam S. Potential role of apple wood biochar in mitigating mercury toxicity in corn (Zea mays L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115619. [PMID: 37890246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a very toxic decomposition-resistant metal that can cause plant toxicity through bioaccumulation and oxidative damage. Biochar, derived from organic waste and agricultural garbage, is an on-site modification technique that can improve soil health in heavy metals-polluted regions. The present experiment was designed to explore the role of apple biochar in the management of mercury toxicity in corn (Zea mays cv. 'PL535'). Different levels of biochar derived from apple wood (0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% w/w) along with different Hg concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/L) were used in the experiment that was based on a completely randomized design. Based on the results, HgCl2 at all rates reduced root and shoot dry weight and length, tolerance index, chlorophyll a and b content, the Hill reaction, and dissolved proteins and increased shoot and root Hg content (up to 72.57 and 717.56 times, respectively), cell death (up to 58.36%), MDA level (up to 47.82%), H2O2 (up to 66.33%), dissolved sugars, and proline. The results regarding enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed increases in total phenol and flavonoids content (up to 71.27% and 86.71%, respectively), DPPH free radical scavenging percentage, and catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity (up to 185.93% and 176.87%, respectively), in corn leaves with the increase in the Hg rate applied to the culture medium. The application of biochar to the substrate of the Hg-treated corns reduced Hg bioavailability, thereby reducing Hg accumulation in the roots (up to 76.88%) and shoots (up to 71.79%). It also reduced the adverse effect of Hg on the plants by increasing their shoot and root dry weight, photosynthesizing pigments, Hill reaction, and APX activity and reducing cell death, H2O2 content, and MDA content. The results reflected the capability of apple wood biochar at all rates in reducing Hg bioavailability and increasing Hg fixation in Hg-polluted soils. However, it was most effective at the rate of 7.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qahreman Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Latifeh Pourakbar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Sina Siavash Moghaddam
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Farooqi ZUR, Qadir AA, Alserae H, Raza A, Mohy-Ud-Din W. Organic amendment-mediated reclamation and build-up of soil microbial diversity in salt-affected soils: fostering soil biota for shaping rhizosphere to enhance soil health and crop productivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109889-109920. [PMID: 37792186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a serious environmental problem that affects agricultural productivity and sustainability worldwide. Organic amendments have been considered a practical approach for reclaiming salt-affected soils. In addition to improving soil physical and chemical properties, organic amendments have been found to promote the build-up of new halotolerant bacterial species and microbial diversity, which plays a critical role in maintaining soil health, carbon dynamics, crop productivity, and ecosystem functioning. Many reported studies have indicated the development of soil microbial diversity in organic amendments amended soil. But they have reported only the development of microbial diversity and their identification. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the use of different organic amendments for the reclamation of salt-affected soils, focusing on their effects on soil properties, microbial processes and species, development of soil microbial diversity, and microbial processes to tolerate salinity levels and their strategies to cope with it. It also discusses the factors affecting the microbial species developments, adaptation and survival, and carbon dynamics. This review is based on the concept of whether addition of specific organic amendment can promote specific halotolerant microbe species, and if it is, then which amendment is responsible for each microbial species' development and factors responsible for their survival in saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Abdul Qadir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hussein Alserae
- Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Raza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
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Khosravani P, Baghernejad M, Moosavi AA, Rezaei M. Digital mapping and spatial modeling of some soil physical and mechanical properties in a semi-arid region of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1367. [PMID: 37875717 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The soil's physical and mechanical (SPM) properties have significant impacts on soil processes, such as water flow, nutrient movement, aeration, microbial activity, erosion, and root growth. To digitally map some SPM properties at four global standard depths, three machine learning algorithms (MLA), namely, random forest, Cubist, and k-nearest neighbor, were employed. A total of 200-point observation was designed with the aim of a field survey across the Marvdasht Plain in Fars Province, Iran. After sampling from topsoil (0 to 30 cm) and subsoil depths (30 to 60 cm), the samples were transferred to the laboratory to determine the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates in the laboratory. In addition, shear strength (SS) and penetration resistance (PR) were measured directly during the field survey. In parallel, 79 environmental factors were prepared from topographic and remote sensing data. Four soil variables were also included in the modeling process, as they were co-located with SPM properties based on expert opinion. For selecting the most influential covariates, the variance inflation factor (VIF) and Boruta methods were employed. Two covariate dataset scenarios were used to assess the impact of soil and environmental factors on the modeling of SPM properties including SPM and environmental covariates (scenario 1) and SPM, environmental covariates, and soil variables (scenario 2). From all covariates, nine soil and environmental factors were selected for modeling the SPM properties, of which four of them were the soil variables, three were related to remote sensing, and two factors had topographic sources. The results indicated that scenario 2 outperformed in all standard depths. The findings suggested that clay and SOM are key factors in predicting SPM, highlighting the importance of considering soil variables in addition to environmental covariates for enhancing the accuracy of machine learning prediction. The k-nearest neighbor algorithm was found to be highly effective in predicting SPM, while the random forest algorithm yielded the highest R2 value (0.92) for penetration resistance properties at 15-30 depth. Overall, the approach used in this research has the potential to be extended beyond the Marvdasht Plain of Fars Province, Iran, as well as to other regions worldwide with comparable soil-forming factors. Moreover, this study provides a valuable framework for the digital mapping of SPM properties, serving as a guide for future studies seeking to predict SPM properties. Globally, the output of this research has important significance for soil management and conservation efforts and can facilitate the development of sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Khosravani
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Baghernejad
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Meisam Rezaei
- Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Liu Y, Zhang M, Xiong H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Yang Y, Zhu H, Jiang T. Influence of long-term fertilization on soil aggregates stability and organic carbon occurrence characteristics in karst yellow soil of Southwest China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1126150. [PMID: 37360715 PMCID: PMC10285303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1126150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Current research has long focused on soil organic carbon and soil aggregates stability. However, the effects of different long-term fertilization on the composition of yellow soil aggregates and the characteristics of the occurrence of organic carbon in the karst region of Southwest China are still unclear. Based on a 25-year long-term located experiment on yellow soil, soil samples from the 0-20 cm soil layer were collected and treated with different fertilizers (CK: unfertilized control; NPK: chemical fertilizer; 1/4 M + 3/4 NP: 25% chemical fertilizer replaced by 25% organic fertilizer; 1/2 M + 1/2 NP: 50% chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer; and M: organic fertilizer). In water-stable aggregates, soil aggregates stability, total organic carbon (TOC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC), carbon preservation capacity (CPC), and carbon pool management index (CPMI) were analyzed. The findings demonstrated that the order of the average weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GWD), and macro-aggregate content (R0.25) of stable water aggregates was M > CK > 1/2M +1/2NP > 1/4M +3/4NP> NPK. The MWD, GWD, and R0.25 of NPK treatment significantly decreased by 32.6%, 43.2%, and 7.0 percentage points, respectively, compared to CK treatment. The order of TOC and EOC content in aggregates of different particle sizes was M > 1/2M +1/2NP > 1/4M +3/4NP> CK > NPK, and it increased as the rate of organic fertilizer increased. In macro-aggregates and bulk soil, the CPC of TOC (TOPC) and EOC (EOPC), as well as CPMI, were arranged as M > 1/2M +1/2NP > 1/4M +3/4NP> CK > NPK, but the opposite was true for micro-aggregates. In bulk soil treated with organic fertilizer, the TOPC, EOPC, and CPMI significantly increased by 27.4%-53.8%, 29.7%-78.1%, 29.7-82.2 percentage points, respectively, compared to NPK treatment. Redundancy analysis and stepwise regression analysis show that TOC was the main physical and chemical factor affecting the aggregates stability, and the TOPC in micro-aggregates has the most direct impact. In conclusion, the primary cause of the decrease in SOC caused by the long-term application of chemical fertilizer was the loss of organic carbon in macro-aggregates. An essential method to increase soil nutrient supply and improve yellow soil productivity was to apply an organic fertilizer to increase aggregates stability, storage and activity of SOC in macro-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Han Xiong
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yarong Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingcheng Huang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yehua Yang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Taiming Jiang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Time-dependent impact of co-matured manure with elemental sulfur and biochar on the soil agro-ecological properties and plant biomass. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4327. [PMID: 36922558 PMCID: PMC10017759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmyard manure is the most common type of organic fertilizer, and its properties depend mainly on the type of livestock, bedding material and the conditions of fermentation. Co-maturing of manure with other amendments to modify its final properties has been seen as a win-win strategy recently. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the effect of unenriched manure and manures co-matured with biochar, elemental sulfur or both amendments on the soil physico-chemical and biological properties, and plant (barley, maize) biomass production. For this purpose a pot experiment was carried out in a time-dependent way. Samples were taken from 12 week-lasting (test crop barley) and 24 week-lasting (test crop maize) pot cultivation carried out in a growth chamber. Co-matured manure with biochar showed the highest rate of maturation expressed as humic to fulvic acid ratio, its amendment to soil significantly increased the dry aboveground biomass weight in the half-time (12 weeks) of experiment. However, the effect vanished after 24 weeks. We received for this variant highest long-term (24 weeks) contents of total carbon and nitrogen in soil. Contrarily, co-matured manure with biochar and elemental sulfur led to short-term carbon sequestration (the highest total carbon in 12 weeks) due to presumed retardation of microbial-mediated transformation of nutrients. We conclude that the prolonged pot experiment with biochar or elemental sulfur enriched manure led to the increased recalcitrancy of soil organic matter and retardation of soil nutrient transformation to the plant-available form.
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Dynamics of aggregate-associated organic carbon after long-term cropland conversion in a karst region, southwest China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1773. [PMID: 36720912 PMCID: PMC9889731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cropland conversion has a major impact on soil C sequestration. However, it remains unclear about the changes in soil aggregate and their contribution to C accumulation following cropland conversion in a karst region, southwest China. In this study, three different cropland use types (sugarcane, mulberry and forage grass cultivation) were selected to replace maize-soybean cultivation. The soil was collected at a depth of 0 to 30 cm for analysis of soil aggregates and their OC content. Results showed that macro-aggregate was the predominant component underlying four cropland use types. Forage grass cultivation remarkably increased the OC stock and aggregate stability (MWD and GMD). OC content and stock associated with aggregate varied with cropland use types and soil depth, but were typically highest in forage grass fields. Macro-aggregates contained higher OC content and stock than other aggregate fractions, along with soil depth underlying four cropland use types. The increases in OC stock in forage grass field was mainly due to increased OC stocks within macro-aggregates, which is further attributed to the increase in OC content within macro-aggregates. Overall, forage grass cultivation replaced maize-soybean cultivation was suggested as an ecological restoration model to enhance soil C sequestration potential, owing to its role in increasing OC stock of aggregation and aggregate stability, in the karst region of southwest China.
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Wang X, Eltohamy KM, Liu C, Li F, Fang Y, Kawasaki A, Liang X. Biochar reduces colloidal phosphorus in soil aggregates: The role of microbial communities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116745. [PMID: 36375438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal phosphorus (Pcoll) in paddy soils can pose a serious threat to the water environment. Biochar amendment not only directly absorb Pcoll to reduce the runoff loss, but also create hotspots for microbial communities which simultaneously affects soil Pcoll. However, despite the crucial role of microorganisms, it remains elusive regarding how biochar and its feedstock types affect the relationships of soil microbial communities and Pcoll in soil matrix (such as at soil aggregate level). To address the knowledge gap, we explored the (in)direct effects of biochar on the soil Pcoll in physically separated fractions including micro- (53-250 μm) and macroaggregates (250-2000 μm). Results showed that straw and manure biochars decreased the soil Pcoll content by 55.2-56.7% in microaggregates and 41.2-48.4% in macroaggregates after 120 days of incubation, compared to the respective control. The fungal communities showed a significantly correlation (0.34, p < 0.05) with Pcoll content in the macroaggregates, whereas the bacterial communities were extremely significantly correlated (0.66, p < 0.001) with Pcoll content in the microaggregates. Furthermore, the partial least squares path model analysis indicated that biochar amendments directly increased Pcoll content (0.76 and 0.61) in micro- and macroaggregates, but the reduced Pcoll content by biochar was mainly derived from indirect effects, such as changed soil biological characteristics carbon (C)/P (-0.69), microbial biomass C (-0.63), microbial biomass P (-0.68), keystone taxa Proteobacteria (-0.63), and Ascomycota (-0.59), particularly for the macroaggregates. This study highlights that to some extent, biochar addition can reduce soil Pcoll content by affecting microbial communities (some keystone taxa), and soil biological characteristics at soil aggregate level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kamel Mohamed Eltohamy
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Water Relations & Field Irrigation, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Chunlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fayong Li
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Yunying Fang
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Akitomo Kawasaki
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Advanced Gene Technology Centre, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Xinqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China.
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12
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Mustafa A, Saeed Q, Karimi Nezhad MT, Nan S, Hongjun G, Ping Z, Naveed M, Minggang X, Nú Nez-Delgado A. Physically separated soil organic matter pools as indicators of carbon and nitrogen change under long-term fertilization in a Chinese Mollisol. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114626. [PMID: 36309219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and quantification of soil organic matter (SOM) pools under the influence of management practices is needed for assessing the changes in soil fertility. However, the knowledge on how the active, slow and passive pools of SOM respond to long-term fertilization is scarce. Therefore, the present study was designed to isolate the active, slow, and passive pools of soil organic matter through physical fractionation under long-term fertilization. The treatments included; inorganic fertilization (NPK) either alone or combined with a normal dose of manure (MNPK) or a high dose of manure (1.5MNPK) with an unfertilized control (CK) for comparison. The isolated pools were analyzed and compared for their sizes, SOC and TN storage and their contribution to total SOC and TN sequestration. The results revealed that the fertilization enhanced the active, slow and passive pools of SOC and TN and their storage under applied treatments was patterned as 1.5MNK > MNPK > NPK > CK. The highest SOC and TN storage was observed in the active pool, while, greater response to fertilization (in terms of response ratio) was associated with the slow pool. Results show that fertilization enhanced the proportion of SOC and TN stocks to bulk SOC and TN stocks in active and slow pools, while a diminishing trend was found for passive pools. Moreover, the highest response ratio was found for TN sequestration in each pool as compared to SOC, suggesting preferential accumulation of TN over SOC in the studied soil. Nevertheless, the highest SOC and TN storage took place in the active pool. The slow pool showed greater response to applied fertilizer, with the highest values being observed under 1.5MNPK. This study concluded that long-term manure + inorganic fertilization is crucial for enhancing C and N sequestration by altering the size and response of SOM pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Qudsia Saeed
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidicka, 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Sun Nan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gao Hongjun
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130124, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhu Ping
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130124, Changchun, PR China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Xu Minggang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Avelino Nú Nez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Engineering Polytech School, Campus Univ. Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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13
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Rai AK, Basak N, Dixit AK, Rai SK, Das SK, Singh JB, Kumar S, Kumar TK, Chandra P, Sundha P, Bedwal S. Changes in soil microbial biomass and organic C pools improve the sustainability of perennial grass and legume system under organic nutrient management. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1173986. [PMID: 37152724 PMCID: PMC10160677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The perennial grass-legume cropping system benefits soil because of its high biomass turnover, cover cropping nature, and different foraging behaviors. We investigated the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and their stock to organic and inorganic nutrient management in the Guinea grass and legume (cowpea-Egyptian clover) cropping system. Methods Depth-wise soil samples were collected after harvesting the Egyptian clover. Based on the ease of oxidation with chromic acid, different pools of SOC oxidizable using the Walkley-Black C method, very labile, labile, less labile, non-labile; and dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and total organic C (TOC) in soils were analyzed for computing several indices of SOC. Result and discussion After 10 years of crop cycles, FYM and NPKF nutrient management recorded greater DOC, MBC, SOC stocks, and C sequestration than the NPK. Stocks of all SOC pools and carbon management index (CMI) decreased with soil depth. A significant improvement in CMI, stratification ratio, sensitivity indices, and sustainable yield index was observed under FYM and NPKF. This grass-legume intercropping system maintained a positive carbon balance sequestered at about 0.8Mg C ha-1 after 10 years without any external input. Approximately 44-51% of the applied carbon through manure was stabilized with SOC under this cropping system. The DOC, MBC, and SOC in passive pools were identified for predicting dry fodder yield. This study concludes that the application of organics in the perennial grass-legume inter cropping system can maintain long-term sustainability, enhance the C sequestration, and offset the carbon footprint of the farm enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Rai
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmalendu Basak
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Nirmalendu Basak ;
| | - Anoop Kumar Dixit
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Anoop Kumar Dixit
| | - Suchit Kumar Rai
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Das
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - J. B. Singh
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T. Kiran Kumar
- ICAR–Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR–Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Chandra
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Sundha
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Bedwal
- ICAR–Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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14
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Chen D, Liu H, Ning Y, Xu C, Zhang H, Lu X, Wang J, Xu X, Feng Y, Zhang Y. Reduced nitrogen fertilization under flooded conditions cut down soil N 2O and CO 2 efflux: An incubation experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116335. [PMID: 36182840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Unreasonable water (W) and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization cause an intensification of soil greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. W-N interactions (W × N) patterns can maximise the regulation of soil GHGs efflux through the rational matching of W and N fertilization factors. However, the effects of W × N patterns on soil GHGs efflux and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, urea fertilizers were applied to paddy soils in a gradient of 100 (N100), 80 (N80), and 60 mg kg-1 (N60) concentrations. Flooding (W1) and 60% field holding capacity (W2) was set for each N fertilizer application to observe the effects of W × N patterns on soil properties and GHGs efflux through incubation experiments. The results showed that W significantly affected soil electrical conductivity and different N forms (i.e., alkali hydrolyzed N, ammonium N, nitrate N and microbial biomass N) contents. Soil organic carbon (C) content was reduced by 14.40% in W1N60 relative to W1N100, whereas microbial biomass C content was increased by 26.87%. Moreover, soil methane (CH4) fluxes were low in all treatments, with a range of 1.60-1.65 μg CH4 kg-1. Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were significantly influenced by W, N and W × N. Global warming potential was maintained at the lowest level in W1N60 treatment at 0.67 g CO2-eq kg-1, suggesting W1N60 as the preferred W × N pattern with high environmental impact. Our findings demonstrate that reduced N fertilization contributes to the effective mitigation of soil N2O and CO2 efflux by lowering the soil total N and organic C contents and regulating soil microbial biomass C and N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, PR China; Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Powerchina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha, 410014, China
| | - Yunwang Ning
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xianju Xu
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 5150, Australia.
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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15
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Holatko J, Hammerschmiedt T, Kintl A, Mustafa A, Naveed M, Baltazar T, Latal O, Skarpa P, Ryant P, Brtnicky M. Co-composting of cattle manure with biochar and elemental sulphur and its effects on manure quality, plant biomass and microbiological characteristics of post-harvest soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004879. [PMID: 36247542 PMCID: PMC9557162 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of manure by co-composting with other materials is beneficial to the quality of the amended soil. Therefore, the manure was supplied with either biochar, elemental sulphur or both prior to fermentation in 50 L barrels for a period of eight weeks. The manure products were subsequently analyzed and used as fertilizers in a short-term pot experiment with barley fodder (Hordeum vulgare L.). The experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in a growth chamber for 12 weeks. The sulphur-enriched manure showed the lowest manure pH and highest ammonium content. The co-fermentation of biochar and sulphur led to the highest sulphur content and an abundance of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in manure. The biochar+sulphur-enriched manure led to the highest dry aboveground plant biomass in the amended soil, whose value was 98% higher compared to the unamended control, 38% higher compared to the variant with biochar-enriched manure and 23% higher compared to the manure-amended variant. Amendment of the sulphur-enriched manure types led to the highest enzyme activities and soil respirations (basal, substrate-induced). This innovative approach to improve the quality of organic fertilizers utilizes treated agricultural waste (biochar) and a biotechnological residual product (elementary sulphur from biogas desulphurization) and hence contributes to the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Rapotin, Czechia
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czechia
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tivadar Baltazar
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Oldrich Latal
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Rapotin, Czechia
| | - Petr Skarpa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Ryant
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
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16
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Wang F, Liu Y, Liang B, Liu J, Zong H, Guo X, Wang X, Song N. Variations in soil aggregate distribution and associated organic carbon and nitrogen fractions in long-term continuous vegetable rotation soil by nitrogen fertilization and plastic film mulching. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155420. [PMID: 35469873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Small changes in soil aggregates-associated organic carbon (OC) can induce huge fluctuations in greenhouse gas emissions. However, there is a knowledge gap on the responses to nitrogen (N) fertilization under plastic film mulching, especially in long-term continuous rotation systems. This study assessed the impacts of plastic film mulching and N fertilization on the soil aggregate distribution and associated OC and N fractions in a 10-year continuous cucumber-cabbage rotation soil (0-40 cm). The impacts also were further quantified using the design of experiment (DOE) method. Plastic film mulching alleviated the impact of N fertilization on soil aggregate stability, which declined under higher N doses. Plastic film mulching coupled with N fertilization resulted in higher contents of soil OC and dissolved OC in macroaggregates but lower contents in silt+clay- aggregates. The total N and dissolved organic N (DON) contents in different aggregates varied significantly with N application doses, and the alternations were impacted by plastic film mulching, which improved the DON distribution in larger agglomerates, especially at medium and high N doses. Soil aggregate distribution and associated OC and N fractions did not show consistent trends in different soil depths, which was attributed to the contributions of plastic film mulching, N fertilization and their interactions. The study suggests that N fertilizer should be applied under plastic film mulches at appropriate levels to improve C assimilation and soil fertility and promote the sustainable development of long-term vegetable rotation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haiying Zong
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plant nutrition and resources, Beijing Agricultural Forestry Academy Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China.
| | - Ningning Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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17
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Mustafa A, Frouz J, Naveed M, Ping Z, Nan S, Minggang X, Núñez-Delgado A. Stability of soil organic carbon under long-term fertilization: Results from 13C NMR analysis and laboratory incubation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112476. [PMID: 34863684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term fertilization has shown a high relevance as regards soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, but the degree of stability of the sequestered SOC has not been widely studied up to now. Using physical fractionation combined with laboratory incubation and NMR spectroscopy, we evaluated the differences in SOC stability caused by long-term fertilization. Four SOC fractions were isolated and examined for contents and chemical composition and cumulative amount of CO2-C respired from the fractions under six fertilization treatments: control (CK); balanced inorganic fertilization (NPK); NPK combined with pig manure (MNPK); NPK combined 1.5 times of pig manure (1.5MNPK); and NPK combined with high amount of manure (M2NPK). The highest contents of SOC were recorded for the coarse particulate organic carbon (cPOC) fraction, ranging from 17.25 to 30.47 g kg-1 under CK and M2NPK. The highest cumulative amount of CO2-C was released from the cPOC fraction under manure treatments (M2NPK and 1.5NPKM), which was 56 and 43% higher than that from CK, whereas the lowest amount of CO2-C was released from the mineral associated-C (MOC) fraction under the same treatments, being 65 and 49% higher than that released from CK, suggesting low SOC stability in cPOC and high SOC stability in MOC fractions. However, manure treatments (M2NPK and 1.5NPKM) greatly lowered the specific amount of C-mineralized (C-mineralized per unit total SOC) in fractions and whole soil, suggesting the ability of manure to accumulate more SOC by reducing SOC losses. Moreover, carbonyl-C was found to be the form of SOC experiencing major degree of sequestration under current fertilization practices. The SOC stability indices; aromaticity index (AI), hydrophobicity index (HI) and alkyl-C/O-alkyl-C were found to be higher in manure treated plots further suggesting higher stability of SOC under manure addition. Thus, long-term manure combined with mineral fertilizers would enhance SOC stability through minimizing SOC losses and promoting accumulation of stable C forms in a Chinese Mollisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Biology Centre, SOWA RI, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frouz
- Biology Centre, SOWA RI, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zhu Ping
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130124, Changchun, PR China
| | - Sun Nan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xu Minggang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Engineering Polytech School, Campus Univ. Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Niu Z, An F, Su Y, Liu T, Yang R, Du Z, Chen S. Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Aggregate Size Distribution and Nutrient Accumulation in Aeolian Sandy Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:909. [PMID: 35406889 PMCID: PMC9003062 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil aggregates are the material basis of soil structure and important carriers of nutrients. Long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can affect the composition of soil aggregates to varying degrees, which in turn affects the distribution and storage of soil nutrients. We report the results of a 15-year long-term field-based test of aeolian sandy soil and used the wet sieve method to analyze the stability of water-stable aggregates, as well as the distribution characteristics of nutrients in different particle size aggregates. Our results show that long-term application of organic fertilizer (M3) and combined organic−inorganic treatments (NPK1-M1, NPK1-M2, and NPK1-M3) help to increase the amount of organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and cation exchange in the macro-aggregates, and the improvement rates are 92−103%, 8−28%, and 74−85%, respectively. The organic content of the fertilizers also promotes the formation of macro-aggregates, and the stability of aggregates increase from 0.24 to 0.45. In contrast, the application of inorganic fertilizers (NPK1, NPK2, and NPK3) has no marked effect on the formation and stability of macro-aggregates; the application of inorganic fertilizers can merely maintain the organic carbon content of the soil. Correlation analysis shows that the application of organic fertilizers and chemical (inorganic) fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium can markedly increase the content and reserves of available phosphorus and potassium across all aggregate sizes, and there is a significant positive correlation between these parameters and the amount of applied fertilizer (p < 0.05). Aggregates of various sizes in aeolian sandy soils in arid areas have the potential for greater nutrient storage. Therefore, organic fertilizers can be used in the agricultural production process to improve soil structure and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Niu
- Linze Inlan River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.N.); (F.A.); (T.L.); (R.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangjiao An
- Linze Inlan River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.N.); (F.A.); (T.L.); (R.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongzhong Su
- Linze Inlan River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.N.); (F.A.); (T.L.); (R.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingna Liu
- Linze Inlan River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.N.); (F.A.); (T.L.); (R.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Linze Inlan River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.N.); (F.A.); (T.L.); (R.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyu Du
- Linze Inlan River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.N.); (F.A.); (T.L.); (R.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiyang Chen
- Linze Inlan River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.N.); (F.A.); (T.L.); (R.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yu P, Li Y, Liu S, Liu J, Ding Z, Ma M, Tang X. Afforestation influences soil organic carbon and its fractions associated with aggregates in a karst region of Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152710. [PMID: 34974003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Variations in soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions within soil aggregates in response to land-use change are important to understand the carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystem. However, responses of total SOC, SOC fractions, and SOC stability in different soil aggregates to land-use change are less addressed, especially in karst regions with serious land degradation. Therefore, bulk soil samples were collected under four land uses with similar geographical characteristics and previous framing practices including farmland (FL), Bamboo forest (BA), landscape tree planting (LAT), and orange orchards (ORO) in a karst region of Southwest China. Contents of total SOC and three carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidizability (F1, very labile; F2, inert; F3, oxidizable resistant) in bulk soil and different soil aggregates (macro-aggregate, micro-aggregate, and silt+clay fraction) were measured. Afforestation significantly increased contents of total SOC and three carbon fractions in bulk soil and soil aggregates, and the influence was more obvious in macro-aggregate than the other aggregates. Contents of total SOC, F1, F2, and F3 under afforestation land increased by 41.73%, 58.19%, 33.91%, and 40.55%, respectively, in bulk soil, by 55.60%, 79.24%, 121.77%, and 43.30%, respectively, in macro-aggregate, by 52.80%, 33.57%, 20.14%, and 75.02%, respectively, in micro-aggregate, and by 26.21%, 35.60%, 29.26%, and 23.75%, respectively, in silt+clay fraction than those under FL. In bulk soil and soil aggregates, proportions of F1, F2, and F3 in total SOC ranged from 0.11 to 0.18, from 0.13 to 0.22, and from 0.60 to 0.73, respectively, suggesting that the stable carbon was the predominant carbon fraction in the study area. Afforestation decreased the values of stability of SOC in macro-aggregate and silt+clay fraction, while it increased the value in micro-aggregate. Although both BA and ORO had higher SOC content in bulk soil than the LAT, but the SOC stability in bulk soil under BA was significantly lower than that under ORO. In conclude, afforestation form FL improved SOC content and altered SOC stability in bulk soil and soil aggregates, and conversion of FL to ORO might be the best choice to increase SOC sequestration in the four land-use types compared in karst regions of Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujia Yu
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jinlian Liu
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuguang Tang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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20
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Yan Z, Zhou J, Nie J, Yang Y, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Marshall MR, Peixoto L, Zang H. Do cropping system and fertilization rate change water-stable aggregates associated carbon and nitrogen storage? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65862-65871. [PMID: 34322806 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil aggregates not only store carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) but hold a critical role in determining the nutrients supply, crop productivity, and climate change mitigation. However, the impact of cropping system and N fertilization on aggregate-associated C and N in both topsoil and subsoil remains unclear. Here, we assessed the effect of cropping systems (wheat-soybean vs. wheat-maize cropping systems) and N fertilization rates (0 N; medium N, 120 kg N ha-1; high N, 240 kg N ha-1) on soil water-stable aggregates distribution, as well as aggregate-associated C and N based on a field study in North China Plain. Our study suggests that the variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks were more affected by N fertilization than short-term cropping systems. In the wheat-soybean system, medium N increased the SOC stock by 19.18% and 15.73% as compared to high N in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Additionally, medium N resulted in 6.59-18.11% higher TN stock in the topsoil for both wheat-soybean and wheat-maize cropping systems as compared to 0 N and high N. Notably, the water-stable macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) in the topsoil occupied more than 70% of the soil, which increased under medium N in the wheat-soybean cropping system. In conclusion, medium N fertilization combined with a legume-based cropping could be used to improve SOC stock, promote soil aggregation, and enhance aggregate-associated C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangwen Nie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Miles R Marshall
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Leanne Peixoto
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, DK, Denmark
| | - Huadong Zang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Naveed M, Tanvir B, Xiukang W, Brtnicky M, Ditta A, Kucerik J, Subhani Z, Nazir MZ, Radziemska M, Saeed Q, Mustafa A. Co-composted Biochar Enhances Growth, Physiological, and Phytostabilization Efficiency of Brassica napus and Reduces Associated Health Risks Under Chromium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:775785. [PMID: 34868175 PMCID: PMC8637747 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.775785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Among heavy metals, chromium (Cr) contamination is increasing gradually due to the use of untreated industrial effluents for irrigation purposes, thereby posing a severe threat to crop production. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of compost, biochar (BC), and co-composted BC on the growth, physiological, biochemical attributes, and health risks associated with the consumption of Brassica grown on Cr-contaminated soil. Results revealed that Cr stress (Cr-25) significantly reduced the growth and physiological attributes and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in Brassica, but the applied amendments considerably retrieved the negative effects of Cr toxicity through improving the growth and physiology of plants. The maximum increase in plant height (75.3%), root length (151.0%), shoot dry weight (139.4%), root dry weight (158.5%), and photosynthetic rate (151.0%) was noted with the application of co-composted BC under Cr stress (Cr-25) in comparison to the control. The application of co-composted BC significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, such as APX (42.5%), GP (45.1%), CAT (45.4%), GST (47.8%), GR (47.1%), and RG (48.2%), as compared to the control under Cr stress. The same treatment reduced the accumulation of Cr in grain, shoot, and roots of Brassica by 4.12, 2.27, and 2.17 times and enhanced the accumulation in soil by 1.52 times as compared to the control. Moreover, the application of co-composted BC significantly enhanced phytostabilization efficiency and reduced associated health risks with the consumption of Brassica. It is concluded that the application of co-composted BC in Cr-contaminated soil can significantly enhance the growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of Brassica by reducing its uptake in plants and enhanced phytostabilization efficiency. The tested product may also help in restoring the soils contaminated with Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bisma Tanvir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Upper Dir, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zinayyera Subhani
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Nazir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maja Radziemska
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Qudsia Saeed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Biology Centre, The Soil and Water Research Infrastructure (SoWa RI), Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
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Malik RJ, Bever JD. Enriched CO 2 and Root-Associated Fungi (Mycorrhizae) Yield Inverse Effects on Plant Mass and Root Morphology in Six Asclepias Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2474. [PMID: 34834836 PMCID: PMC8617772 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) are important for sustaining biodiversity in marginal ecosystems, CO2 flux may afflict Asclepias species and cause detriment to native communities. Negative CO2-induced effects may be mitigated through mycorrhizal associations. In this study, we sought to determine how mycorrhizae interacts with CO2 to influence Asclepias biomass and root morphology. A broad range of Asclepias species (n = 6) were chosen for this study, including four tap-root species (A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. tuberosa, and A. viridis) and two fibrous root species (A. incarnata and A. verticillata). Collectively, the six Asclepias species were manipulated under a 2 × 2 full-factorial design that featured two mycorrhizal levels (-/+ mycorrhizae) and two CO2 levels (ambient and enriched (i.e., 3.5× ambient)). After a duration of 10 months, Asclepias responses were assessed as whole dry weight (i.e., biomass) and relative transportive root. Relative transportive root is the percent difference in the diameter of highest order root (transportive root) versus that of first-order absorptive roots. Results revealed an asymmetrical response, as mycorrhizae increased Asclepias biomass by ~12-fold, while enriched CO2 decreased biomass by about 25%. CO2 did not impact relative transportive roots, but mycorrhizae increased root organ's response by more than 20%. Interactions with CO2 and mycorrhizae were observed for both biomass and root morphology (i.e., relative transportive root). A gene associated with CO2 fixation (rbcL) revealed that the two fibrous root species formed a phylogenetic clade that was distant from the four tap-root species. The effect of mycorrhizae was most profound in tap-root systems, as mycorrhizae modified the highest order root into tuber-like structures. A strong positive correlation was observed with biomass and relative transportive root. This study elucidates the interplay with roots, mycorrhizae, and CO2, while providing a potential pathway for mycorrhizae to ameliorate CO2 induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rondy J. Malik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Kansas Biological Survey, 2101 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
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Wang Y, Huang L, Jia X, Zhu Y, Shao MA. Distribution characteristics and controls of soil organic carbon at different spatial scales in China's Loess Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112943. [PMID: 34102503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the variations and controls of soil organic carbon (SOC) at different spatial scales can help in selecting edaphic and environmental covariates that enables us to model SOC more accurately. The present study investigated the distribution characteristics and controls of SOC content at various spatial scales, including a deep soil core (204.5 m) taken from land surface down to bedrock (plot scale), two toposequences with different slope aspects (slope scale), and eighty-six soil profiles along a north-south transect under different land uses (regional scale) in China's Loess Plateau. The results showed that SOC content at different spatial scales decreased exponentially with increasing soil depth, but the rate of reduction differed at various spatial scales and in soil layers at different depths. For the deep soil core, the SOC content and the average rate of reduction with depth in the 0-15.5 m soil layer were significantly higher than the corresponding values of the 15.5-34.5 m and 34.5-204.5 m soil layers (p < 0.05). For the toposequences with varying slope aspects, SOC content in the 0-50 cm soil layer declined rapidly with increasing depth; while SOC content in the 50-200 cm soil layer showed relatively no change. There was no significant difference of average SOC content at depths of 0-200 cm for forestland and grassland considering slope aspects that differed or were the same (p > 0.05) due to the similar climatic conditions. However, SOC content within 0-500 cm soil profile under different land uses along the north-south transect exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.05), following the order of farmland (4.94 ± 1.23 g kg-1) > forestland (3.01 ± 1.45 g kg-1) > grassland (2.03 ± 0.68 g kg-1); moreover, the mean SOC content of the 0-500 cm soil profile generally decreased from south to north following the decreasing rainfall and temperature gradient. The average rates of reduction of SOC content in the 0-50 cm soil layer under different land uses (0.0807-0.1756 g kg-1 cm-1) were higher than the values of the 50-200 cm (0.0021-0.0154 g kg-1 cm-1) and 200-500 cm soil layers (0.0001-0.0017 g kg-1 cm-). The SOC content at the plot scale at different depths positively correlated with total nitrogen content. The SOC content at the slope scale was mainly affected by soil water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity, while that at the regional scale was impacted by climate, topography and soil water/clay content. Pedotransfer functions were applied to adequately simulate and predict SOC content at different spatial scales in the studied area, which could provide a foundation to build SOC prediction models and extrapolate the various spatial scales to other loess regions worldwide. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering the scale effects for efficiently predicting the spatial patterns of SOC and can help in devising better policy to protect or enhance existing SOC stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Laiming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ming An Shao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Naveed M, Ditta A, Ahmad M, Mustafa A, Ahmad Z, Conde-Cid M, Tahir S, Shah SAA, Abrar MM, Fahad S. Processed animal manure improves morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. under nickel and salinity stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45629-45645. [PMID: 33871777 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with readily soluble salts and heavy metals is a major challenge concerning sustainable crop production. The use of organic wastes in agriculture not only helps in waste reduction but also acts as a soil conditioner and bio-stimulant for enhancing crop growth. In this regard, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of raw and processed animal manure (AM) on the growth, yield, and physicochemical parameters of Brassica napus L. developed under salinity and Ni stress. The experiment comprised two salinity levels (1.05 and 8 dS m-1), two Ni levels (0 and 50 mg kg-1), and two types of AMs (raw and processed at a rate of 2% w/w). A control treatment without AM incorporation was also included. In results, the application of AM markedly increased the growth and yield of B. napus under Ni and salinity stress; at the same time, it improved the physiological and chemical parameters of the said crop. Similarly, incorporation of processed AM significantly improved nutrient uptake and decreased Na/K ratios in the shoot and grain under the different stress conditions, as compared to the control. Likewise, Ni uptake in the grain, shoot, and root samples was also significantly reduced under the AM treatment. Also, the application of AM significantly reduced the daily intake of metal (DIM) index and the health risk index (HRI) values under the different stress conditions, as compared to the control. In conclusion, the application of processed AM constitutes an effective agricultural strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of Ni and salinity stress on growth, physiology, and yield of B. napus, thus resulting in enhanced productivity, as well as reduced risks associated with human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Maryum Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Biology Centre CAS, SoWa, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Manuel Conde-Cid
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Shermeen Tahir
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Atizaz Ali Shah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Abrar
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Cao S, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Zhou W. Soil organic carbon and soil aggregate stability associated with aggregate fractions in a chronosequence of citrus orchards plantations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112847. [PMID: 34052614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil aggregates and their associated C may serve as accurate diagnostic markers for changes in soil characteristics in response to different agricultural management practices. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of various chronosequences on soil organic C (SOC) pool in aggregates of different particle sizes in citrus plantations. Surface soil (0-20 cm) samples were collected from 120 citrus orchards (Yongxing County, Hunan Province, China) of different plantation ages (0-10y, 11-20y, and 21-30y). Plantation age dramatically affected the composition of soil aggregates of different particle sizes and their associated SOC, with the strongest macroaggregate fraction observed in the 0-10y orchards. Soil mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) gradually decreased with plantation age (by 12.58% and 20.30% in 21-30y orchards, respectively). However, soil fractal dimension (D) and erodibility (K) gradually increased with plantation age (by 3.95% and 2.15% in 21-30y orchards, respectively). Furthermore, the SOC content and pool of aggregates and contribution of aggregates to SOC decreased with decreasing particle size. Multivariate analysis identified the aggregate fraction with a particle size over 2 mm as the main factor affecting the stability of soil aggregates in citrus plantations. The SOC content of aggregates was positively correlated with soil MWD and GMD but negatively correlated with soil D and K. The distribution of organic matter in soil aggregates can help us better understand the stability of soil structure and reduce the risk of soil erosion in successive citrus planting (<30y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410028, China
| | - Yuzhou Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410028, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410028, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410028, China.
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Impact of Cover Crop Monocultures and Mixtures on Organic Carbon Contents of Soil Aggregates. SOIL SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems5030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cover crops are considered an integral component of agroecosystems because of their positive impacts on biotic and abiotic indicators of soil health. At present, we know little about the impact of cover crop types and diversity on the organic carbon (OC) contents of different soil aggregate-size classes. In this study, we investigated the effect of cover plant diversity on OC contents of different soil aggregates, such as macro- (<2000–500 μm), meso- (<500–250 μm), and micro-aggregates (<250 μm). Our experiment included a total of 12 experimental treatments in triplicate; six different monoculture treatments such as chickling vetch (Vicia villosa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), field peas (Pisum sativum), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus), and mighty mustard (Brassica juncea), and their three- and six-species mixture treatments, including one unplanted control treatment. We performed this experiment usingdeep pots that contained soil collected from a corn-soybean rotation field. At vegetative maturity of cover plants (about 70 days), we took soil samples, and the soil aggregate-size classes were separated by the dry sieving. We hypothesized that cover crop type and diversity will improve OC contents of different soil aggregate-size classes. We found that cover plant species richness weakly positively increased OC contents of soil macro-aggregates (p = 0.056), whereas other aggregate-size classes did not respond to cover crop diversity gradient. Similarly, the OC contents of macroaggregates varied significantly (p = 0.013) under cover crop treatments, though neither monoculture nor mixture treatments showed significantly higher OC contents than the control treatment in this short-term experiment. Interestingly, the inclusion of hairy vetch and oilseed radish increased and decreased the OC contents of macro- and micro-aggregates, respectively. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between shoot biomass and OC contents of macroaggregates. Overall, our results suggest that species-rich rather than -poor communities may improve OC contents of soil macroaggregates, which constitute a major portion of soil systems, and are also considered as important indicators of soil functions.
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Growth Responses, Physiological Alterations and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Amended with Gypsum and Composted Cow Dung. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt accumulation in soils poses severe challenges for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Scarcity of rainfall and a high evaporation rate in these regions are considered major reasons for salt accumulation. It drastically reduces the leaching of excessive salts below the root zone of crops. The toxic effects of salts on plants can be greatly reduced with the use of biological and inorganic amendments. The present study was conducted to investigate the positive influence of gypsum (GP), composted cow dung (CCD) and the combined use of gypsum and composted cow dung (GP+CCD) on the growth, seed yield, and physiological and chemical attributes of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) in salty soil conditions. Saline-sodic soil was prepared using salts that include NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and CaCl2. It contained three levels of electrical conductivity (EC), i.e., 1.8, 6, and 12 dS m−1, and had a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of 15. We noted significant deleterious effects of excessive salt stress on multiple attributes of the growth, produce, physiology, and chemical factors of sunflowers. However, treatment with GP+CCD improved all these attributes in all these conditions over the control treatment. Treatment with GP+CCD also significantly increased N, P and K contents over the control in the absence of salt stress, i.e., normal conditions. Conversely, treatment with GP+CCD caused an extreme decline in antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, GPX, CAT and SOD) and Na+/K+ ratio in seeds of up to 90, 75, and 71% over control at an EC level of 1.8, 6, and 12 dS m−1, respectively. This study suggests the combined application of gypsum and composted cow dung for better production of sunflowers in salt-affected soils, and augmented growth, yield, physiology, biochemistry and nutritional value in the sunflower seeds.
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Baul TK, Peuly TA, Nandi R, Schmidt LH, Karmakar S. Carbon stocks of homestead forests have a mitigation potential to climate change in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9254. [PMID: 33927295 PMCID: PMC8085129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 176 homestead forests at three altitudes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh were randomly surveyed to estimate carbon (C) stocks and how stand structure affects the biomass C. All woody vegetations were measured, and litter and soil (0-30 cm depth) were sampled. The tree biomass C stock in the top two altitude forests was up to 37-48% higher than in low altitude, owing to significantly higher tree density and species diversity. An increase in species diversity index by one unit increased the biomass stock by 23 Mg C ha-1. The C stock of litterfall in low altitude forests was 22-28% higher than in the top two altitude due to the deposition of litters downslope and deliberate use of mulch for soil improvement and conservation, resulting in up to 5% higher total soil C. The topsoil C was 10-25% higher than the deeper soil, depending on the altitude. The forest stored 89 Mg C ha-1, indicating a potential for C sequestration in trees outside forest. This study would help policymakers to strengthen the recognition of small-scale forests for mitigation in REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) and support owners through C credits from sustainably managed forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarit Kumar Baul
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Tajkera Akhter Peuly
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Rajasree Nandi
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Holger Schmidt
- Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Shyamal Karmakar
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
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Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094461. [PMID: 33922303 PMCID: PMC8122799 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil pollution with heavy metal is a serious problem across the globe and is on the rise due to the current intensification of chemical industry. The leather industry is one of them, discharging chromium (Cr) in huge quantities during the process of leather tanning and polluting the nearby land and water resources, resulting in deterioration of plant growth. In this study, the effects of biochar application at the rate of 3% were studied on four maize cultivars, namely NK-8441, P-1543, NK-8711, and FH-985, grown in two different tannery polluted Kasur (K) and Sialkot (S) soils. Maize plants were harvested at vegetative growth and results showed that Cr toxicity adversely not only affected their growth, physiology, and biochemistry, but also accumulated in their tissues. However, the level of Cr toxicity, accumulation, and its influence on maize cultivars varied greatly in both soils. In this pot experiment, biochar application played a crucial role in lessening the Cr toxicity level, resulting in significant increase in plant height, biomass (fresh and dry), leaf area, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, and relative water content (RWC) over treatment set as a control. However, applied biochar significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL), antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline content, soluble sugars, and available fraction of Cr in soil as well as Cr (VI and III) concentration in root and shoot tissues of maize plant. In addition to this, maize cultivar differences were also found in relation to their tolerance to Cr toxicity and cultivar P-1543 performed better over other cultivars in both soils. In conclusion, biochar application in tannery polluted soils could be an efficient ecofriendly approach to reduce the Cr toxicity and to promote plant health and growth.
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A Field Evidence of Cd, Zn and Cu Accumulation in Soil and Rice Grains after Long-Term (27 Years) Application of Swine and Green Manures in a Paddy Soil. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although inorganic and organic manures with high concentrations of heavy metals can lead to accumulation or contamination of heavy metals in soils, there are few reports on the effects of long-term application of swine and green manures on the accumulation of heavy metals in rice grains in paddy soils. A long-term field experiment, which was established in 1990 in paddy soil in Hangzhou, China, was used to investigate the effects of inorganic and organic manures on the availability and accumulation of heavy metals in soil and uptake by rice plant. The results showed that long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash (NPK) plus green manure or swine manure, and swine manure only increased 202%, 146%, and 100% for total Cd, and 5.5%, 7.6%, and 6.6% for total Cu in rice grains, respectively compared to the control without fertilization. Total Zn in rice grain was significantly increased by 13.9% for the treatment of NPK plus green manure. The accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Cu in rice grains after long-term application of swine and green manures is due to the combined effects of the increased concentrations of total and EDTA extractable Cd, Zn, and Cu in soil and the changes of soil properties. Furthermore, the highest bioconcentration factor for Cd was found in the treatment of NPK plus green manure while for Zn and Cu it was observed in NPK treatment. Thus, it may be concluded that green manure and manure with increased Cd, Zn, and Cu in rice grain results in a potential risk of metal accumulation in paddy soils.
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Li Y, Wang J, Shao M. Application of earthworm cast improves soil aggregation and aggregate-associated carbon stability in typical soils from Loess Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111504. [PMID: 33120095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Earthworm casts exhibit remarkable fertility and have been widely used as an organic fertilizer. This study focused on the effects of earthworm cast application on soil aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon in typical soils from the Loess Plateau (China). Soil column experiments were conducted in the laboratory using cultivated loessial soil (CS), dark loessial soil (DS), and aeolian soil (AS). Application of earthworm casts significantly reduced the content of aggregates sized <0.5 mm but increased the content of water-stable aggregates. Compared to without-cast treatment, earthworm cast application increased the organic carbon content by 13.4-58.3%, 14.4-51.1%, 17.9-45.3%, 16.7-62.4%, 18.4-43.3%, and 19.8-62.9% in soil aggregate fractions of sizes <0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 2-5, and >5 mm, respectively. The application of earthworm casts significantly increased heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), CaCO3, and exchangeable Ca contents in soil by 14.5-69.4%, 12.8-51.9%, and 33.3-63.2%, respectively. Compared with macroaggregates, microaggregates had higher CaCO3 contents but smaller light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) to HFOC ratios, indicating that earthworm cast application improved the organic carbon stability more in microaggregates than macroaggregates. Comparison analysis of the three soils showed AS performed better in aggregation and aggregate-associated carbon stability than CS and DS after applying earthworm casts. The findings improve our understanding of the effects of earthworm cast application on soil aggregate distribution and aggregate-associated carbon stability, which will help improve the application efficiency of earthworm casts as an organic fertilizer in the Loess Plateau area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ming'an Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Effects of Cultivating Rice and Wheat with and without Organic Fertilizer Application on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Quality in Khost, Afghanistan. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The agricultural sector is the most important economic component in Afghanistan, as 80% of the population is involved. The improvement of cereal production is an urgent task to meet the nation’s demand for the staple within the limited arable land. To promote a sustainable crop production system, this study examined the soil quality to learn the basic knowledge of soil fertility and the environmental impact of different rice–wheat cropping systems in Khost, Afghanistan by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The economic analysis of each farming system was conducted by the data gathered by the farmers’ interviews along with LCA data collection. The analysis considered the on-farm activities, which were required to produce 1 kg of wheat and rice. It included energy use, production, and farming inputs such as fertilizer and agrochemicals. Conventional farming with organic fertilizer application (CF+OF) was compared with conventional farming (CF). The LCA results showed the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was higher in rice production compared to wheat production. However, CO2 absorption by the crops was far greater than the total GHG emission in both systems and showed great potential for soil carbon sequestration for mitigation of global warming. The soil examination revealed the CF+OF system increased soil total carbon (TC), active C (AC), total N (TN), soil organic carbon storage (SCS), P, and K+ after four years of organic fertilizer application. The yield of each crop was slightly higher in the CF system; however, the CF+OF system increased net income by reducing the cost for fertilizer. The study concluded the CF+OF system can improve soil fertility in the long term while saving the farming operation cost. Further research is required to determine the best combination of practices to improve cattle manure characteristics and farm management for soil carbon sequestration to promote a sustainable farming system in the country.
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