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Fan W, Zhou J, Zheng J, Guo Y, Hu L, Shan R. Hydrochemical characteristics, control factors and health risk assessment of groundwater in typical arid region Hotan Area, Chinese Xinjiang. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 363:125301. [PMID: 39537091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The Hotan region of Xinjiang is an arid region in northwest China, where water resources are scarce, and groundwater is the main water supply. In this study, a self-organizing map (SOM), positive matrix factorization (PMF), hydrochemical diagrams, and health risk assessment model were used to analyze the sources and controlling factors of groundwater chemistry, and evaluate health risks of nitrate and fluoride. The results showed that the evaporation process and water-rock interaction were the main factors influencing groundwater chemistry in the region. Based on the SOM, 239 groundwater samples were divided into six clusters. The main hydrochemical types were Cl-Na, HCO3-Na, and SO4-Ca. Natural factors such as evaporation, water-rock interaction and cation exchange play important roles in Cluster 1-2 and 4-6, while Cluster 3 is mainly polluted by nitrate. Fluoride pollution, primarily caused by geological processes, and nitrate pollution, caused by human activities, cannot be ignored. Attention should be paid to the high non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride and nitrate exposure through drinking water, especially for children. These results provide a theoretical basis for the rational development and utilization of local water resources and ecological environmental protection. The study suggested that the combined method of the SOM and PMF provides a reliable approach for interpreting nonlinear and high-dimensional hydrochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jianghua Zheng
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Yanhong Guo
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Lina Hu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Ruiqi Shan
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
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Li Y, Kong L, Ma L, Zeng T, Liu W, Abuduwaili J. Deciphering the driving factors and probabilistic health risks of potentially toxic elements in arid surface water: Insights from the Tarim River Basin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 286:117211. [PMID: 39427544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in surface water in arid areas pose a serious threat to environmental safety and human health within a basin. It is important to determine the factors controlling PTEs and to assess the likelihood that they will pose a risk to human health in order to support the development of environmental protection and risk management strategies. In this study, a structural equation model and Bayesian method were combined to discuss the distribution and probabilistic health risks of PTEs in surface water in arid area, and the Tarim River Basin was taken as a case study. The results show that the average concentrations of As, Co, Cu, and Ni in the surface water in the Tarim River Basin ranged from 0.04 to 2.92 μg/L, which do not exceed the international standard values. However, the maximum value of As (19.20 μg/L) exceeded both the recommended drinking water standards and the Chinese irrigation water standards. Spatially, the high As concentrations were distributed in the upper reaches of the Kashgar River, and the high Co, Cu and Ni concentrations were distributed in reservoirs and lakes on the main stream of the Tarim River. The concentrations of the PTEs in the surface water in the basin were not only affected by random anthropogenic factors such as traffic discharge, agricultural activities and mining industry, but were also directly and indirectly influenced by climatic factors. The results of the probabilistic health risk assessment showed that the 95th percentile the total hazard index for infants exceeded the allowable value of 1, and the total carcinogenic risk of PTEs exposure in four age groups was at the notable level. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the controlling factors and health risks associated with PTEs in surface water in the Tarim River Basin, and the findings are expected to provide a scientific basis for regional water environment management and safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingxin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jilili Abuduwaili
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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El-Said GF, Abdel-Mohsen HA, El-Sadaawy MM, Khedawy M, Shobier AH. Ecotoxicological, ecological, and human health risks of total carbohydrates and some inorganic pollutants on the Nile Delta region along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116816. [PMID: 39182408 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
This is one of few studies dealing with the potential impact of total carbohydrates (TCHO), and some inorganic pollutants (F, B, As, V, Se) on human health. Additionally, the latter pollutants toxicological and ecological effects on the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast, especially, the Nile Delta region, were investigated. Both F (0.18 ± 0.09 mg/g) and As (2.47 ± 5.39 μg/g) were of lower concentrations compared to previous reports. Values of all ecological and ecotoxicity indices, particularly, the risk quotient (RQ), showed that arsenic had the most adverse biological effects on three trophic levels (algae, invertebrates, and fish). Children and adults non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) values were <1, revealing that sediments in the studied area would pose no risk to humans. However, arsenic carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the maximum permissible limits, implying risk to children and adults. These findings could anticipate toxic impacts of polluted effluents on the Nile Delta region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada F El-Said
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed Khedawy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Aida H Shobier
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
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Cui Z, Zhao S, Shi X, Lu J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Vertical Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Mercury and Arsenic in Ice, Water, and Sediment at a Cold-Arid Lake. TOXICS 2024; 12:540. [PMID: 39195642 PMCID: PMC11360595 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Mercury and arsenic are two highly toxic pollutants, and many researchers have explored the effects of the two substances on the environment. However, the research content of toxic substances in frozen periods is relatively small. To explore the spatial and vertical distribution of mercury and arsenic in the ice, water, and sediments of Wuliangsuhai Lake under ice conditions, and to assess the harm degree of the two toxic substances to human beings. We collected the ice, water, and sediments of the lake in December 2020, and tested the contents of Hg and As. The single-factor pollution index method, the local cumulative index method, and the ecological risk coding method were used to assess the pollution status in these three environmental media, and the Monte Carlo simulation combined with the quantitative model recommended by USEPA was used to assess the population health risk. The results showed that (1) The average single-factor pollution values of Hg and As in water were 0.367 and 0.114, both pollutants were at clean levels during the frozen period. (2) The mean Igeo values of Hg and As were 0.657 and -0.948. The bioavailability of Hg in the sediments of Wuliangsuhai Lake during the frozen period was high, and its average value was 7.8%, which belonged to the low-risk grade. The bioavailability of As ranged from 0.2% to 3.7%, with an average value of 1.3%. (3) Monte Carlo simulation results indicate acceptable levels of health risks in both water and ice. This study preliminarily investigated the distribution characteristics of toxic substances and their potential effects on human health in lakes in cold and arid regions during the frozen period. It not only clarified the pollution characteristics of lakes in cold and arid regions during the frozen period, but also provided beneficial supplements for the ecological protection of lake basins. This study lays a foundation for further environmental science research in the region in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimou Cui
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Water Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Water Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Water Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Junping Lu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Water Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Water Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Water Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yunxi Zhao
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Water Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Bayan Nur 014404, China
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Ning H, Jiang W, Sheng Y, Wang K, Chen S, Zhang Z, Liu F. Comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen contamination in water ecosystems of the Miyun reservoir watershed, northern China: distribution, source apportionment and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:278. [PMID: 38958772 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Miyun Reservoir plays a vital role as a source of drinking water for Beijing, however it grapples with nitrogen contamination issues that have been poorly understood in terms of their distribution, source, and associated health risks. This study addresses this knowledge gap by employing data on nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), chloride (Cl-), dual isotopic compositions of NO3- (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) data in water ecosystems, systematically exploring the distribution, source and health risk of nitrogen contaminants in Miyun reservoir watersheds. The results showed that over the past 30 years, surface water runoff has exhibited a notable decrease and periodic fluctuations due to the combined influence of climate and anthropogenic activities, while the total nitrogen (TN) concentration in aquatic ecosystems presented an annual fluctuating upward trend. The TN concentration in the wet season was predominantly elevated because a large amount of nitrogen contaminants migrated into water ecosystems through heavy rainfall or river erosion. The concentration of NO3--N, the main contaminant of the water ecosystems, showed distinct variations across different watersheds, followed as rivers over the Miyun reservoir. Moreover, NO3--N levels gradually increased from upstream to downstream in different basins. NO3--N in surface water was mainly derived from the mixture of agricultural ammonia fertilizer and sewage and manure, with a minority of samples potentially undergoing denitrification. Comparatively, the main sources of NO3--N in groundwater were soil N and sewage and manure, while the denitrification process was inactive. The carcinogenic risks caused by NO3--N in groundwater were deemed either nonexistent or minimal, while the focus should predominantly be on potential non-carcinogenic risks, particularly for infants and children. Therefore, it is crucial to perform proactive measures aimed at safeguarding water ecosystems, guided by an understanding of the distribution, sources, and associated risks of nitrogen contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ning
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China.
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kailin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Damage Identification and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - Sheming Chen
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Futian Liu
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety, Tianjin, 300170, China
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Chen X, Fu X, Li G, Zhang J, Li H, Xie F. Source-specific probabilistic health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water of the Yangtze River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171923. [PMID: 38522523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of heavy metal accumulation on both ecosystems and public health have raised widespread concern. Source-specific risk assessment is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and control heavy metal contamination in surface water. This study aims to investigate the contamination characteristics of heavy metals in the Yangtze River Basin, identifying the pollution sources, assessing the risk levels, and further evaluating the health risks to humans. The results indicated that the average concentrations of heavy metals were ranked as follows: zinc (Zn) > arsenic (As) > copper (Cu) > chromium (Cr) > cadmium (Cd) > nickel (Ni) > lead (Pb), with average concentrations of 38.02 μg/L, 4.34 μg/L, 2.53 μg/L, 2.10 μg/L, 1.17 μg/L, 0.84 μg/L, and 0.32 μg/L, respectively, all below the WHO 2017 standards for safe drinking water. The distribution trend indicates higher concentrations in the upper and lower reaches and lower concentrations in the mid-reaches of the river. By integrating the Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, the main sources of heavy metals were identified as industrial activities (APCS-MLR: 41.3 %; PMF: 42.1 %), agricultural activities (APCS-MLR: 30.1 %; PMF: 27.4 %), and unknown mix sources (APCS-MLR: 29.1 %; PMF: 30.4 %). The calculation of the hazard index (HI) for both children and adults was <1, indicating no non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks. Based on the source-specific risk assessment, agricultural activities contribute the most to non-carcinogenic risks, while industrial activities pose the greatest contribution to carcinogenic risks. This study offers a reference for monitoring heavy metals and controlling health risks to residents, and provides crucial evidence for the utilization and protection of surface water in the Yangtze River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xinyi Fu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guolian Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fazhi Xie
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Zhang K, Chang S, Tu X, Wang E, Yu Y, Liu J, Wang L, Fu Q. Heavy metals in centralized drinking water sources of the Yangtze River: A comprehensive study from a basin-wide perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133936. [PMID: 38479139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Water quality in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) has received considerable attention because it supplies water to 400 million people. However, the trends, sources, and risks associated with heavy metals (HMs) in water of centralized drinking water sources (CDWSs) in the YRB region are not well understood due to the lack of high-frequency, large-scale monitoring data. Moreover, research on the factors affecting the transportation of HMs in natural water are limited, all of which significantly reduce the effectiveness of CDWSs management. Therefore, this study utilized data on 11 HMs and water quality from 114 CDWSs, covering 71 prefecture-level cities (PLC) in 15 provinces (cities), to map unprecedented geospatial distribution of HMs in the YRB region and examine their concentrations in relation to water chemistry parameters. The findings revealed that the frequency of detection (FOD) of 11 HMs ranged from 28.59% (Hg) to 99.64% (Ba). The mean concentrations are ranked as follows: Ba (40.775 μg/L) > B (21.866 μg/L) > Zn (5.133 μg/L) > V (2.668 μg/L) > Cu (2.049 μg/L) > As (1.989 μg/L) > Mo (1.505 μg/L) > Ni (1.108 μg/L) > Sb (0.613 μg/L) > Pb (0.553 μg/L) > Hg (0.002 μg/L). Concentrations of Zn, As, Hg, Pb, Mo, Sb, Ni, and Ba exhibited decreasing trends from 2018 to 2022. Human activities, including industrial and agricultural production, have led to higher pollution levels in the midstream and downstream of the river than in its upstream. Additionally, the high concentrations of Ba and B are influenced by natural geological factors. Anion concentrations and nutrient levels, play a significant role in the transport of HMs in water. Probabilistic health risk assessment indicates that As, Ba, and Sb pose a potential carcinogenic risk. Additionally, non-carcinogenic risk to children under extreme conditions should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Elite Engineers School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Sheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Enrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Elite Engineers School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Jianli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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8
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Nidheesh PV, Kumar M, Venkateshwaran G, Ambika S, Bhaskar S, Vinay, Ghosh P. Conversion of locally available materials to biochar and activated carbon for drinking water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141566. [PMID: 38428536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water treatment must be done at a reasonable cost with minimal environmental impact. Therefore, treating contaminated drinking water requires materials and approaches that are inexpensive, produced locally, and effortlessly. Hence, locally available materials and their derivatives, such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated thoroughly. Several researchers and their findings show that the application of locally accessible materials and their derivatives are capable of the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water. The application of locally available materials such as lignocellulosic materials/waste and its thermo-chemically derived products, including BC and AC were found effective in the treatment of contaminated drinking water. Thus, this review aims to thoroughly examine the latest developments in the use of locally accessible feedstocks for tailoring BC and AC, as well as their features and applications in the treatment of drinking water. We attempted to explain facts related to the potential mechanisms of BC and AC, such as complexation, co-precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange to treat water, thereby achieving a risk-free remediation approach to polluted water. Additionally, this research offers guidance on creating efficient household treatment units based on the health risks associated with customized adsorbents and cost-benefit analyses. Lastly, this review work discusses the current obstacles for using locally accessible materials and their thermo-chemically produced by-products to purify drinking water, as well as the necessity for technological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - G Venkateshwaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Ambika
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, NIT Campus, P.O 673 601, Kozhikode, India
| | - Vinay
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Industrial Pollution Control-IV Division, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, 110032, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Vesković J, Deršek-Timotić I, Lučić M, Miletić A, Đolić M, Ražić S, Onjia A. Entropy-weighted water quality index, hydrogeochemistry, and Monte Carlo simulation of source-specific health risks of groundwater in the Morava River plain (Serbia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116277. [PMID: 38537568 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Population growth, urbanization, industry, floods, and agriculture globally degrade groundwater in river plains, necessitating action for its quality assessment and management. Hence, a comprehensive methodology, including hydrogeochemical facies (Piper, Gibbs), irrigation indices (SAR, Wilcox), entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Monte Carlo simulation of source-specific health risks was used in this study to analyze groundwater in the Morava river plain (Serbia). The results revealed a prevalent Ca-Mg-HCO3 groundwater type, influenced by water-rock interactions. Although groundwater was found suitable for irrigation, only 66.7 % of the samples were considered drinkable. Agricultural activities, natural processes, and municipal wastewater were identified as primary pollution sources. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazard index (HI) threshold exceedance for adults and children ranged from 8.5 % to 39 % of the samples, with arsenic identified as the most risk-contributing contaminant. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers studying groundwater vulnerability in river plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vesković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Deršek-Timotić
- Serbian Environmental Protection Agency, Ruže Jovanovića 27a, 11160 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Lučić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Miletić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Đolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ražić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonije Onjia
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Wang S, Chen J, Zhang S, Bai Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Tong H, Liu B, Hu J. Hydrogeochemical characterization, quality assessment, and potential nitrate health risk of shallow groundwater in Dongwen River Basin, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19363-19380. [PMID: 38355859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Assessing groundwater geochemical formation processes and pollution circumstances is significant for sustainable watershed management. In the present study, 58 shallow groundwater samples were taken from the Dongwen River Basin (DRB) to comprehensively assess the hydrochemical sources, groundwater quality status, and potential risks of NO3- to human health. Based on the Box and Whisker plot, the cation's concentration followed the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, while anions' mean levels were HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > Cl-. The NO3- level in groundwater samples fluctuated between 4.2 and 301.3 mg/L, with 67.2% of samples beyond the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (50 mg/L) for drinking. The Piper diagram indicated the hydrochemical type of groundwater and surface water were characterized as Ca·Mg-HCO3 type. Combining ionic ratio analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) results, agricultural activities contributed a significant effect on groundwater NO3-, with soil nitrogen input and manure/sewage inputs also potential sources. However, geogenic processes (e.g., carbonates and evaporite dissolution/precipitation) controlled other ion compositions in the study area. The groundwater samples with higher NO3- values were mainly found in river valley regions with intense anthropogenic activities. The entropy weight water quality index (EWQI) model identified that the groundwater quality rank ranged from excellent (70.7%) and good (25.9%) to medium (3.4%). However, the hazard quotient (HQ) used in the human health risk assessment (HHRA) model showed that above 91.38% of groundwater samples have a NO3- non-carcinogenic health risk for infants, 84.48% for children, 82.76% for females, and 72.41% for males. The findings of this study could provide a scientific basis for the rational development and usage of groundwater resources as well as for the preservation of the inhabitants' health in DRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Tong
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxiao Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Hu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
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Li J, Yang L, Yu S, Ding A, Zuo R, Yang J, Li X, Wang J. Environmental stressors altered the groundwater microbiome and nitrogen cycling: A focus on influencing mechanisms and pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167004. [PMID: 37704146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen cycling, as an important biogeochemical process in groundwater, strongly impacts the energy and matter flow of groundwater ecology. Phthalate esters (PAEs) were screened as key environmental stressors in the groundwater of Beijing, contributing to the alteration of microbial community structure and functions; thus, it could be deduced that these stressors might influence nitrogen cycling that is almost exclusively mediated by microorganisms. Identification of the influences of PAEs on groundwater nitrogen cycling and exploration of the potential influence mechanisms and pathways are vital but still challenging. This study explored the influence mechanisms and pathways of the environmental stressor PAE on nitrogen cycling in groundwater collected from a typical monitoring station in Beijing based on high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis combined with mediation analysis methods. The results suggested that among the 5 detected PAEs, dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate significantly negatively impacted nitrogen cycling processes, especially nitrogen fixation and denitrification processes (p < 0.05), in groundwater. Their influences were fully or partially mediated by functional microorganisms, particularly assigned keystone genera (such as Dechloromonas, Aeromonas and Noviherbaspirillum), whose abundance was significantly inhibited by these PAEs via dysregulation of carbohydrate metabolism and activation of defense mechanisms. These findings confirmed that the influences of environmental stressors PAEs on nitrogen cycling in groundwater might be mediated by the "PAE stress-groundwater microbiome-nitrogen cycling alteration" pathway. This study may advance the understanding of the consequences of environmental stressors on groundwater ecology and support the ecological hazard assessment of groundwater stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shihang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aizhong Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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12
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Zhang K, Chang S, Zhang Q, Bai Y, Wang E, Zhang M, Fu Q, Wei L, Yu Y. Heavy metals in influent and effluent from 146 drinking water treatment plants across China: Occurrence, explanatory factors, probabilistic health risk, and removal efficiency. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:131003. [PMID: 36857822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in drinking water have drawn worldwide attention due to their risks to public health; however, a systematic assessment of the occurrence of HMs in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) at a large geographical scale across China and the removal efficiency, human health risks, and the correlation with environmental factors have yet to be established. Therefore, this study characterised the occurrence patterns of nine conventional dissolved HMs in the influent and effluent water samples from 146 typical DWTPs in seven major river basins across China (which consist of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Songhua River, the Pearl River, the Huaihe River, the Liaohe River and the Haihe River) for the first time and removal efficiency, probabilistic health risks, and the correlation with water quality. According to the findings, a total of eight HMs (beryllium (Be), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co) and titanium (Ti)) were detected, with detection frequencies in influent and effluent water ranging from 2.90 (Mo) to 99.30% (Ba) and 1.40 (Ti) to 97.90% (Ba), respectively. The average concentration range was 0.41 (Be)- 77.36 (Sb) μg/L. Among them, Sb (exceeding standard rate 8%), Ba (2.89%), Ni (21.43%), and V (1.33%) were exceeded the national standard (GB5749-2022). By combining Spearman's results and redundancy analysis, our results revealed a close correlation among pH, turbidity (TURB), potassium permanganate index (CODMn), and total nitrogen (TN) along with the concentration and composition of HMs. In addition, the concentration of HMs in finished water was strongly affected by the concentration of HMs in raw water, as evidenced by the fact that HMs in surface water poses a risk to the quality of finished water. Metal concentration was the primary factor in assessing the health risk of a single metal, and the carcinogenic risk of Ba, Mo, Ni, and Sb should be paid attention to. In DWTPs, the removal efficiencies of various HMs also vary greatly, with an average removal rate ranging from 16.30% to 95.64%. In summary, our findings provide insights into the water quality and health risks caused by HMs in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Elite Engineers School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Sheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yunsong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Enrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Moli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Research Centre of Lake Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Elite Engineers School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
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13
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Chen Y, Wei X, Zeng Y, Sun Y. Identifying the factors controlling surface water and groundwater chemical characteristics and irrigation suitability in the Yarkant River Basin, northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115452. [PMID: 36764430 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the geochemical processes and the suitability for irrigation purposes of surface water and groundwater in the Yarkant River Basin, northwest China. The results showed that the surface water was moderately alkaline and neutral to slightly alkaline in the groundwater. The mean values for most ions in the groundwater were higher than those in the surface water. Geochemical method and hydrogen and oxygen isotope revealed that hydrochemical were mainly affected by dissolved evaporite minerals, ion exchange processes, and anthropogenic activities. Still, the geochemical processes of in surface water and groundwater were different. Additionally, three and four factors were extracted by factor analyses of surface water and groundwater, respectively, which distinguished the hydrochemical from natural origins and anthropogenic activities in more detail. The surface water and some groundwater in the south of the study area were suitable for irrigation processes. However, many groundwaters in the north were unsuitable for irrigation, because of their high sodium levels and salinity. The study results provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of regional water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Geography & Resource Science of Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China.
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Tuojiang River Basin High-quality Development Research Center of Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
| | - Xing Wei
- College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China; Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
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