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Anmol, Aggarwal G, Sharma M, Singh R, Shivani, Sharma U. Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117385. [PMID: 37951375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE India has an extensive reservoir of traditional wisdom and a diverse range of medicinal plants that enrich its heritage. Plants have actively been used for healthcare practices globally since the time immemorial. Medicinal uses of plants have been well recognized in India, evident from plant species documented in different traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda (1400-1800 species), Siddha (500-900 species), Unani (400-700 species), Homeopathy (about 372 species), and Sowa-Rigpa (about 250 species), etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary purpose of this review is to provide systematic updated information on thirteen medicinal plants prioritized by the Indian government (providing75 % subsidy on cultivation cost) based on the availability and market demand of these plants. Updated information regarding the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and conservation status of these plants will help in understanding their pharmacological and commercial importance. This will also help in developing new strategies for their conservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online databases such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar were used to collect the electronically available literature on targeted thirteen plants. Also, different Indian government official websites such as AYUSH (https://www.ayush.gov.in); NMPB (National Medicinal Plants Board) (https://nmpb.nic.in); e.charak (https://echarak.in) were used for collecting information related to the amount of subsidy, trade and price related information of these plants. RESULTS To promote medicinal plant cultivation, the Indian government provides subsidies for cultivating some traditionally important medicinal plants. These plants are divided into three categories according to the subsidy provided to farmers, i.e., 30%, 50%, and 75% of the cost of cultivation. Thirteen medicinal plants which are provided 75% subsidy are Aconitum ferox Wall., Aconitum heterophyllum Wall., Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., Berberis aristata DC., Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Pterocarpus santalinus L.f., Santalum Album L., Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., and Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst. The literature survey reveals the enormous traditional medicinal importance, wide geographical distribution, diverse range of natural products, and broad spectrum of pharmacological activities of these plants. CONCLUSION A comprehensive literature survey revealed that although remarkable progress has been made in isolation, bioactivity evaluation, quality assessment, and conservation, there is still a lot of scope for further scientific interventions. Scientific validation of traditionally claimed medicinal potential is lacking for various bioactivities. Some of the bioactivities are performed just on extracts/fractions, so there is a need for proper phytochemical studies to identify active constituents responsible for the specific bioactivity. Further, quality assessment methods using both targeted and non-targeted tools are required to evaluate the quality of these highly-priced medicinal plants and their adulterants. Ultimately, to encourage the cultivation of these endangered medicinal plant species, it is imperative to implement proper legislation and employ in-situ and ex-situ conservation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Aggarwal
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mehak Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raman Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivani
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Rani R, Sharma AK, Chitme HR. Therapeutic Effect of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Extracts on Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and its Complications in Murine Model. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231203864. [PMID: 37901891 PMCID: PMC10612436 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231203864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tinosopora cordifolia (Willd) (TC) is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine since long time for number of ailments and its preparations are also considered by food safety and standards authority of India as nutritional supplement. However the scientific evidence on its possible safety and efficacy in polycystic ovarian syndrome and associated complications was not studied in detail. Objectives The purpose of this investigation is to examine whether or not TC can have therapeutic effects on letrozole induced PCOS and related complications such as body weight, dyslipidaemia, glucose tolerance, hormonal regulation, insulin resistance and sensitivity, severity of PCOS and histopathological changes in ovary using mice animal model. Design Present study is a preclinical study involving laboratory animals. Methods and analysis After verifying the absence of PCOS, the animals began receiving Letrozole, which lasted for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), triglycerides, cholesterol, and weight were recorded. The levels of hormones like oestrogen, progesterone, insulin, testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), histopathology was carried out. Ethics The Institutional Animal Ethics Committee at DITU gave its clearance to the animal experimentation on July 10, 2021 (DITU/IAEC/21-22/07-06). Discussion The majority of cornified epithelial cells were seen in groups treated with TC extract during the estrous phase of the cycle. Mice exposed to TC retained normal body weight. FBG, 1- and 2-hour OGTT, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were all significantly improved by extracts. Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, insulin, LH and FSH concentration were all corrected in TC-treated animals. The HOMA-IR, HOMA-Beta and QUICKI values were also corrected with TC extracts. The morphological and microscopic features of the ovary were also greatly enhanced. Based on these findings, we conclude that treating PCOS mice with TC extracts significantly ameliorates the disease and severity down to nil-to-moderate levels by reducing hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, dyslipidaemia, enhancing insulin sensitivity, correcting oestrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH levels via enhanced ovarian function. Further molecular and cellular level of study is recommended for further elaboration of mechanism of action. Plain language summaries • Tinospora cordifolia satva, oil and hydroalcoholic extract were studied in letrozole-induced PCOS in mice model• Anti PCOS efficacy of 3 preparations studied with respect to their mechanism of action in detail• For the first time proposing method of calculating severity of PCOS in animal model• Tinospora cordifolia oil preparation completely reversed PCOS effect of letrozole and made them normal• Histopathological and morphological studies support the biochemical claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, UK, India
| | - Avinash Kumar Sharma
- Non-Wood Forestry Products Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, UK, India
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Zhu Z, Zeng X, Shi X, Ma J, Liu X, Li Q. Transcription and Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Three Discolorations in a Day of Hibiscus mutabilis. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1115. [PMID: 37626999 PMCID: PMC10452391 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used combined transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyze the H. mutabilis cultivar's genetic and physiological mechanisms during three flower color transition periods (from white to pink, then from pink to red) within the span of one day. As a result, 186 genes were found to be significantly increased with the deepening of the H. mutabilis flower color; these genes were mainly involved in the expression of peroxidase 30, zinc finger protein, phosphate transporter PHO1, etc. In contrast, 298 genes were significantly downregulated with the deepening of H. mutabilis flower color, including those involved in the expression of probable O-methyltransferase 3, copper binding protein 9, and heat stress transcription factor A-6b. Some genes showed differential expression strategies as the flower color gradually darkened. We further detected 19 metabolites that gradually increased with the deepening of the H. mutabilis flower color, including L-isoleucine, palmitic acid, L-methionine, and (+)-7-isonitrobenzene. The content of the metabolite hexadecanedioate decreased with the deepening of the H. mutabilis flower color. Combined transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that the metabolic pathways, including those related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and sulfur metabolism, appear to be closely related to H. mutabilis flower color transition. This study served as the first report on the genetic and physiological mechanisms of short-term H. mutabilis flower color transition and will promote the molecular breeding of ornamental cultivars of H. mutabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangshun Zhu
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Xinmei Zeng
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiao Ma
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Sari YM, Novriyanti N. Menstrual Health Problems of Women Indigenous Peoples around Protected Forest Area in Sumatra, Indonesia, and Plants' Usefulness to Treat It. J Mother Child 2023; 27:1-9. [PMID: 37303200 PMCID: PMC10258455 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some cultures have a favorable view of menstruation, consider it sacred, and respect the female body, so some local wisdom and the practice of using plant species are also attached to it. Moreover, menstruation is an integral part of reproductive health for women as mothers of a nation. However, the management of menstrual problems included in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (gender justice) goals in several indigenous communities around the forest has not received attention. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explain the situation of menstrual management, predict indications of reproductive problems, and record the practice of using plants to overcome these problems in indigenous tribal communities around the forest. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 15 youths of the Orang Rimba, one of the marginal indigenous people in Jambi Province, Sumatra Island, Indonesia, were the subjects of measurement of all variables using anthropometric measurement procedures. The 15 girls were also interviewed regarding menstrual problems, personal hygiene management, and using plant species to overcome them. Meanwhile, ten adults became respondents to the complementary primary data. RESULTS No plant species were explicitly used to treat menstrual problems. Four species are used by the Orang Rimba concerning labor management (pre- and postpartum). CONCLUSION There are no significant reproductive problems despite the incidence of dysmenorrhea. However, aspects of nutrition and personal hygiene, including during menstruation, still need special attention, especially considering that the typology of Orang Rimba varies according to their Tumenggung and the characteristics of their forest habitat; It is challenging to measure their health as a group. This condition may also apply to other communities around the forest due to their limited reproductive health knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesi Mustika Sari
- Universitas Adiwangsa Jambi. Jl.Sersan Muslim No.RT 24, The Hok, Kec. Jambi Sel., Kota Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - N. Novriyanti
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung. Jl.Prof. Dr. Soemantri Brojonegoro No.1 Gedong Meneng, Rajabasa, Lampung, Indonesia 361361
- KKI Warsi, Jl.Inu Kertapati No. 12 Pematang Sulur, Telanaipura, Kota Jambi, Indonesia
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Surendran S, Prasannan P, Jeyaram Y, Palanivel V, Pandian A, Ramasubbu R. Knowledge on ethnogynaecology of Indian Tribes- a comprehensive review. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 303:115880. [PMID: 36368564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnogynaecology is an emerging branch of science dealing with the treatment of gynaecological ailments by tribals, local healers, and traditional practitioners. The ethnogynaecological importance of medicinal plants in India is a fertile area to conduct more scientific studies to evaluate their potentialities, to isolate bioactive compounds, and thereby to develop drugs for the common gynaecological health-related issues faced by women everywhere. OBJECTIVES The Indigenous medical knowledge systems of India have not been properly documented with special reference to ethnogynaecology. This review aims to document the knowledge of ethnogynaecology among tribals, villagers, and local people inhabiting different parts of India and the bioactive compounds responsible for the action. This review provides a vast record of medicinal plants and their parts used, types of formulations, dosage, and ethno-gynaecological usage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The detailed investigation of ethnobotanical and ethnogynaecological-related literature published between 1985 and 2021 by different scientific tools such as journals, books, and current electronic databases like Springer Link, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wiley, ACS, Science Direct and Pubmed have been considered for the present study. The study included 300 articles published between 1985 and 2021 by scientific search using various standard databases. The tribals, vaidyas, traditional practitioners, indigenous medical healers, and local people of different regions in India have recognized the importance of ethnogynaecological uses of plants. The study on ethnogynaecology is limited to a few common but significant gynaecological issues including abortion, contraception, infertility, menstruation, leucorrhoea, and obstetrics. The phytocompound compounds isolated from various parts of the plants and responsibility for the gynaecological action were documented. RESULTS The major ethnogynaecological disorders recorded by various studies are leucorrhoea, abortion, contraceptives, infertility and related issues, and obstetrics including the irregular physiological process of menstruation. The ethnogynaecological and ethnobotanical information has been recorded from almost all the states of India; the highest number of records on ethnogynaecology was reported from the state of Madhya Pradesh. The most explored tribal populations to record ethnogynaecological knowledge belong to the following tribes: Bhil, Munda, Irula, Kani, Malayali, Meena, Paliyar, Muthuvar, Oraon, Narikuravar, Mannan, Malayarayan, and Malapandaram. Moreover, limited or no study has been attempted to prove the knowledge of ethnogynaecology of these tribes and the efficiency of their crude drugs against pharmacological actions. The paste prepared from various parts of the plants has been used widely as primary health care materials for abortion, obstetrics, menstruation, female infertility and male infertility. Phenols, glucoside, steroids and fatty acids reported with cytotoxic activities are connected to several gynaecological disorders whereas flavonoid, coumarin, sitosterol disrupt pregnancy. The phenolic compounds induced spontaneous abortion due to the major composition aristolochic acid, ceryl alcohol, β-sitosterol. Coreopsin, butin, isobutrin, monospermoside, palastrin, butrin. Mucunine, lecithin, prurieninine, gluthione and luteolin, Indicine, kaempferol, apigenin and quercetin effected therapeutic activity against leucorrhoea. Lignin, friedelin and beta-sitosterol are reported with abortifacient properties and therapeutic ability for leucorrhoea and menorrhagia. Tannins, mimusopsic acids, taraxerol and spinaserol effected fertility problems in women and tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and alkaloids which effected infertility. CONCLUSION This review reported comprehensive data on ethnogynaecological knowledge published from available literature and evident that the indigenous medical system of Indian tribes has also contributed considerably to the healthcare system and drug development of India. The fresh plant parts were identified as effective materials against various gynaecological illnesses including infertility. The root is considered an excellent plant part against obstetrics followed by abortion, menstruation, and leucorrhoea. These studies need experimental proof as well as standardization to confirm their efficiency. Promoting the sustainable use and the equitable sharing of benefits to the knowledge provider is a pathway for harnessing the conservation of this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Surendran
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Prasannan
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yasotha Jeyaram
- Department of Botany, PRIST Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesh Palanivel
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arjun Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, PRIST Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Ramasubbu
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ndhlovu PT, Asong JA, Omotayo AO, Otang-Mbeng W, Aremu AO. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by indigenous knowledge holders to manage healthcare needs in children. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282113. [PMID: 36972257 PMCID: PMC10042359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood diseases remain an increasing health problem in many developing countries and also associated with an enormous financial burden. In South Africa, many people still rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. However, inadequate documentation of medicinal plants used to manage childhood diseases remain a prominent gap. Hence, the current study explored the importance of medicinal plants to treat and manage childhood diseases in the North West Province, South Africa. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with 101 participants using semi-structured interviews (face-to-face). Ethnobotanical indices such as Frequency of citation (FC), Use-value (UV) and Informed Consensus Factor (ICF) were used for data analysis. A total of 61 plants from 34 families were recorded as medicine used for managing seven (7) categories of diseases resulting from 29 sub-categories. Skin-related and gastro-intestinal diseases were the most prevalent childhood health conditions encountered by the study participants. Based on their FC values that ranged from approximately 0.9-75%, the most popular medicinal plants used by the participants were Aptosinum elongatum (75.2%), Commelina diffusa (45.5%), Euphorbia prostrata (31.6%) and Bulbine frutescens (31.7%). In terms of the UV, A. elongatum (0.75), C. diffusa (0.45), E. prostrata (0.31), H. hemerocallidea (0.19) and E. elephantina (0.19) were the dominant plants used for treating and managing childhood diseases. Based on ICF, skin-related diseases dominated with the highest ICF value of 0.99. This category had 381 use-reports, comprising 34 plants (55.7% of total plants) used for childhood-related diseases. Particularly, B. frutescens and E. elephantina were the most-cited plants for the aforementioned category. Leaves (23%) and roots (23%) were the most frequently used plant parts. Decoctions and maceration were the main preparation methods, and the plant remedies were mainly administered orally (60%) and topically (39%). The current study revealed the continuous dependence on the plant for primary health care relating to childhood diseases in the study area. We generated a valuable inventory of medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge for child healthcare needs. However, investigating the biological efficacies, phytochemical profiles and the safety of these identified plants in relevant test systems remain essential in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - John Awungnjia Asong
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
- Food Security and Safety Area Research Group, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Wilfred Otang-Mbeng
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Area Research Group, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Rummun N, Payne B, Blom van Staden A, Twilley D, Houghton B, Horrocks P, Li WW, Lall N, Bahorun T, Neergheen VS. Pluripharmacological potential of Mascarene endemic plant leaf extracts. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Lachkar N, Lamchouri F, Toufik H, Ullah R. Ethnopharmacological Survey, Mineral and Chemical Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Aqueous and Organic Extracts of Chamaerops humilis L. var. argentea Andre Leaves. BioMed Research International 2022; 2022:1-27. [PMID: 36033551 PMCID: PMC9410792 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. The present study is carried out for the first time on Chamaerops humilis L. var. argentea Andre from the region of Taza using an ethnopharmacological survey, an experimental study of the mineralogical and chemical compositions, and evaluations of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Methods. After conducting the ethnopharmacological survey, a mineralogical and phytochemical study involving the preparation of aqueous and organic extracts was done. Essential oils were also extracted by hydrodistillation. Subsequently, qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses were performed. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activities was performed by five tests (H2O2, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and RP) and antibacterial activities by the disc method and determination of MIC and MBC. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to visualize the different correlations. Results. The different parts of the plant are used for the treatment of digestive disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. In addition, the leaves are rich in mineral compounds, catechic tannins, flavonoids, and sterols. However, they have some traces of essential oils. The quantitative analysis revealed that the ethanolic macerated had a higher content of total polyphenols (
EAG/g E) and catechic tannins (
EC/g E). This extract had a strong antioxidant capacity (H2O2 (
), DPPH (
), ABTS (
E AA/g E), FRAP (
E T/g E), and RP (
E AA/g E). The same extract had a bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that antioxidant activity was highly correlated with the chemical composition of C. humilis leaves; a high correlation was recorded between the total polyphenol content and ABTS (
), FRAP (
), DPPH (
), and PR (
) tests. In addition, cathectic tannins were highly correlated with the tests of DPPH (
) and ABTS (
). Flavonoids were similarly correlated with DPPH (
) and ABTS (
) tests. Conclusion. These results could justify the traditional use of the leaves of Chamaerops humilis in the region of Taza for the treatment of some diseases.
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Swargiary A, Roy MK, Boro H. Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) Nakai: a natural anthelmintic? Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3215-3227. [PMID: 34337681 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) Nakai. (Family Polygonaceae) is an important plant of Assam, having several ethnobotanical uses. Tribal communities consume leaf extracts to cure helminth infection. The present study investigated the antioxidant, phytochemicals, and anthelmintic activity of P. strigosa. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated following standard methods. Antioxidant properties were analyzed by TAC, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and TBARS assays. Anthelmintic activity of plant was investigated in Paramphistomum sp. treated with 5 mg/mL, and paralysis and death times were recorded. The most potent solvent extract was performed GC-MS analysis to identify the phytocompounds. Plant extract-treated parasites were further analyzed for biochemical changes. Additionally, molecular docking was performed to study the binding affinities between phytocompounds and enzymes. P. strigosa showed rich phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant properties. Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed more powerful antioxidant properties than other extracts. In vitro anthelmintic study found ethyl acetate and diethyl ether the most active extracts. Treated parasites showed a significant decrease in enzyme activity. The highest inhibition was observed in AchE, followed by MDH, LDH, ALP, and ACP. GC-MS study identified 12 probable compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of P. strigosa. Molecular docking showed the strongest binding affinity between the phytocompounds and AchE enzyme (- 7.6 kcal/mol). Overall, compounds C6, C7, and C12 showed better binding affinity compared to other compounds. The in vitro helminth bioassays and biochemical analysis suggest Persicaria strigosa a possible anthelmintic agent. However, isolation and characterization of bioactive compound(s) may promise new drug candidates for helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Swargiary
- Department of Zoology, Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, 783370, Assam, India.
| | - Mritunjoy Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, 783370, Assam, India
| | - Harmonjit Boro
- Department of Zoology, Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, 783370, Assam, India
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Agoramoorthy G, Hsu MJ. COVID-19 and India's vulnerable indigenous populations. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23608. [PMID: 33939236 PMCID: PMC8212087 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Minna J Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Afewerky HK, Ayodeji AE, Tiamiyu BB, Orege JI, Okeke ES, Oyejobi AO, Bate PNN, Adeyemi SB. Critical review of the Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: ethnobotany, pharmacological efficacy, and commercialization significance in Africa. Bull Natl Res Cent 2021; 45:176. [PMID: 34697529 PMCID: PMC8529567 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-021-00635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (W. somnifera) is a herb commonly known by its English name as Winter Cherry. Africa is indigenous to many medicinal plants and natural products. However, there is inadequate documentation of medicinal plants, including W. somnifera, in Africa. There is, therefore, a need for a comprehensive compilation of research outcomes of this reviewed plant as used in traditional medicine in different regions of Africa. METHODOLOGY Scientific articles and publications were scooped and sourced from high-impact factor journals and filtered with relevant keywords on W. somnifera. Scientific databases, including GBIF, PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, SciFinder, and Web of Science, were accessed to identify the most influential articles and recent breakthroughs published on the contexts of ethnography, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and commercialization of W. somnifera. RESULTS This critical review covers the W. somnifera ethnography, phytochemistry, and ethnomedicinal usage to demonstrate the use of the plant in Africa and elsewhere to prevent or alleviate several pathophysiological conditions, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, reproductive impotence, as well as other chronic diseases. CONCLUSION W. somnifera is reportedly safe for administration in ethnomedicine as several research outcomes confirmed its safety status. The significance of commercializing this plant in Africa for drug development is herein thoroughly covered to provide the much-needed highlights towards its cultivations economic benefit to Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Kessete Afewerky
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- School of Allied Health Professions, Asmara College of Health Sciences, 00291 Asmara, Eritrea
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
| | - Ayeni Emmanuel Ayodeji
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, PMB 1044, Kaduna, 800211 Nigeria
| | - Bashir Bolaji Tiamiyu
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240001 Nigeria
| | - Joshua Iseoluwa Orege
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, 362001 Nigeria
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, FBS and Natural Science Unit, SGS, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001 Nigeria
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Aanuoluwapo Opeyemi Oyejobi
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Petuel Ndip Ndip Bate
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Sherif Babatunde Adeyemi
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240001 Nigeria
- C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat 394350 India
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Chen RR, Liu J, Chen Z, Cai WJ, Li XF, Lu CL. Anthraquinones Extract from Morinda angustifolia Roxb. Root Alleviates Hepatic Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride through Inhibition of Hepatic Oxidative Stress. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:9861571. [PMID: 32328146 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9861571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Southwestern China, the root of Morinda angustifolia Roxb. has been employed as a folk medicine for treating various types of hepatitis and jaundice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of anthraquinones extract from M. angustifolia root (AEMA) in carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver injury in mice and identify the main bioactive components. Results indicated that AEMA pretreatment could significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, attenuate the increased levels of ALT and AST in mice serum induced by CCl4. At doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, AEMA exhibited significant suppression of the elevated hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as marked upregulatory effects on the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice exposed to CCl4. However, AEMA treatment had no effect on the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) or the nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, two anthraquinone constituents were isolated from AEMA and identified as soranjidiol and rubiadin-3-methyl ether. Soranjidiol exhibited similar protective effects to those of AEMA on liver damage induced by CCl4. Overall, our research clearly demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of the AEMA, and anthraquinones, particularly soranjidiol, should be considered as the main hepatoprotective principles of M. angustifolia. In addition, the underlying mechanism may be, at least in part, related to its antioxidant properties.
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Nath A, Chakraborty D, Das S. Assessment of lead and cadmium in fifty-four Indian herbal medicine: tribal and marketed varieties. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:4127-4136. [PMID: 31828704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the toxic metal content in herbal medicines being used by Indian people. Trace elements, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), in fifty-four herbal medicines (marketed and tribal varieties) of India were estimated, and the potential health risks were characterized by estimating the tolerable daily intake (TDI) and the total hazard quotient (THQ) associated with their consumption. A total of 12% of the marketed varieties had Pb above WHO permissible limits of 10 mg Pb/kg. In tribal varieties, none of the samples exceeded this limit. In contrast, all the marketed varieties and 17% of the tribal varieties exceeded WHO limit of 0.3 mg Cd/kg. Consumption of ~ 0.01 kg of herbal medicine per day contributed almost 20-28% of TDI of Pb and Cd for marketed varieties and < 10% for tribal varieties. Although the consumption of the Indian herbal medicine, especially the tribal varieties, posed no immediate concern as the average THQ was less than 1, 24% of the marketed varieties had a higher metal burden and could pose threat on long-term use. Our findings advocate the use of tribal medicines for therapeutic purposes owing to a relatively lesser metal burden than the marketed varieties. However, for the marketed varieties, appropriate standardization in terms of effective quality control and consistency is needed to ensure the health of the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Nath
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Debika Chakraborty
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Suchismita Das
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
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Khaled SE, Hashem FAM, Shabana MH, Hammam AMM, Madboli ANA, Al-Mahdy DA, Farag MA. A biochemometric approach for the assessment of Phyllanthus emblica female fertility effects as determined via UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS and GC-MS. Food Funct 2019; 10:4620-4635. [PMID: 31290504 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits have long been used in Ayurvedic medicine for their many health benefits. In this study, we present P. emblica fruit crude extract and fractions' effects on the female reproductive system by assessing its estrogenic and gonadotropic activities. Results revealed that the non-polar petroleum ether and chloroform fractions exhibited the strongest estrogenic and follicle-stimulating hormone-like [FSH] activity, while the n-butanol fraction exhibited a significant luteinizing hormone-like [LH] activity. The ethyl acetate fraction showed neither estrogenic nor gonadotropic activities and in contrast it may impair female fertility suggesting that different metabolite classes contribute to the plant's overall effect on female fertility. To pinpoint active agents in these fractions, UPLC/ESI-qTOF-MS- was employed for secondary metabolite profiling with 100 metabolites annotated including ellagitannins, gallic acid derivatives, terpeneoids, sterols, phthalates and fatty acids. Correlation between extracts/fraction bioassays and UPLC/MS data was attempted using orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealing that guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, phthalates, diterpenes and oxygenated fatty acids showed positive correlation with estrogenic and gonadotropic activities. In contrast, mucic acid gallates, gallic acid derivatives and ellagitannins correlated negatively. GC/MS analysis of the non-polar bioactive fractions viz. petroleum ether and chloroform was also attempted which revealed its enrichment in fatty acids/fatty acyl esters (34%) and phenolic compounds (19.6%). This study provides the first report on the estrogenic and gonadotropic activities of P. emblica fruits in relation to their metabolite fingerprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Khaled
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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Mahomoodally MF, Protab K, Aumeeruddy MZ. Medicinal plants brought by Indian indentured immigrants: A comparative review of ethnopharmacological uses between Mauritius and India. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 234:245-289. [PMID: 30658182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mauritius is famous for its floricultural diversity and traditions practiced across the island by various ethnic groups. During the British rule in the 1835s, Indian indentured labourers migrated to Mauritius and played a very important role in shaping the Mauritian culture. They brought along their high heritage of traditional knowledge of certain medicinal herbs and spices. Nonetheless, there has been no comparative study to investigate whether these past traditional knowledge are still preserved in Mauritius and India. AIM OF THE STUDY To document and compare the traditional uses of medicinal herbs and spices brought by Indian indentured labourers with their current uses in Mauritius and India, and to review pharmacological studies of such plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Locally published textbooks, research dissertations, and relevant records from the 'Mauritiana' section of the University of Mauritius library were scrutinised for possible early records of such herbs and spices brought by Indian indentured immigrants. Field trips and site visits to Mauritius Herbarium and The National Folk Museum were conducted to gather data on their traditional uses as practiced by the Indian indentured immigrants. A literature search was performed to gather the current ethnomedicinal uses of these plants in Mauritius and India using key databases such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, as well as thesis from local university website. Pharmacological studies on these plants were also reviewed in an attempt to compare the ethnomedicinal uses against reported ailments. RESULTS Indian labourers brought 18 medicinal plants for medicinal purposes as documented at the folk museum of Indian Immigration. Piper betle L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and Curcuma longa L. were common plants used by Indian indentured immigrants against a wide range of ailments. Data obtained from recent ethnomedicinal surveys revealed that A. indica and C. longa were the most traditionally used plants in India, while in Mauritius, C. longa was the most popular plant followed by Allium sativum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. It was also found that all these plants are currently being used against a wide range of diseases in both countries. In addition, several studies have highlighted the pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-pyretic, and anti-diabetic for some plants. CONCLUSION This investigation can be considered as a first attempt to document and compare traditional knowledge of medicinal plants brought by Indian immigrants. We observed that some of these knowledge are preserved and still practiced in Mauritius. It is anticipated that this study will revive the interest in safeguarding and promoting the ancestral knowledge on the uses of such plants.
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