1
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Liang T, Jing P, He J. Nano techniques: an updated review focused on anthocyanin stability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37574589 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2245893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are one of the subgroups of flavonoids and getting intensive attraction due to the nutritional values. However, their application of ACNs is limited due to their poor stability and bioavailability. Accordingly, nanoencapsulation has been developed to enhance its stability and bio-efficacy. This review focuses on the nano-technique applications of delivery systems that be used for ACNs stabilization, with an emphasis on physicochemical stability and health benefits. ACNs incorporated with delivery systems in forms of nano-particles and fibrils can achieve advanced functions, such as improved stability, enhanced bioavailability, and controlled release. Also, the toxicological evaluation of nano delivery systems is summarized. Additionally, this review summarizes the challenges and suggests the further perspectives for the further application of ACNs delivery systems in food and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisong Liang
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Jing
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian He
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
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2
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Giordano D, Scafuri B, De Masi L, Capasso L, Maresca V, Altucci L, Nebbioso A, Facchiano A, Bontempo P. Sirtuin Inhibitor Cambinol Induces Cell Differentiation and Differently Interferes with SIRT1 and 2 at the Substrate Binding Site. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1624. [PMID: 37371719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms finely regulate gene expression and represent potential therapeutic targets. Cambinol is a synthetic heterocyclic compound that inhibits class III histone deacetylases known as sirtuins (SIRTs). The acetylating action that results could be crucial in modulating cellular functions via epigenetic regulations. The main aim of this research was to investigate the effects of cambinol, and its underlying mechanisms, on cell differentiation by combining wet experiments with bioinformatics analyses and molecular docking simulations. Our in vitro study evidenced the ability of cambinol to induce the differentiation in MCF-7, NB4, and 3T3-L1 cell lines. Interestingly, focusing on the latter that accumulated cytoplasmic lipid droplets, the first promising results related to the action mechanisms of cambinol have shown the induction of cell cycle-related proteins (such as p16 and p27) and modulation of the expression of Rb protein and nuclear receptors related to cell differentiation. Moreover, we explored the inhibitory mechanism of cambinol on human SIRT1 and 2 performing in silico molecular simulations by protein-ligand docking. Cambinol, unlike from other sirtuin inhibitors, is able to better interact with the substrate binding site of SIRT1 than with the inhibition site. Additionally, for SIRT2, cambinol partially interacts with the substrate binding site, although the inhibition site is preferred. Overall, our findings suggest that cambinol might contribute to the development of an alternative to the existing epigenetic therapies that modulate SIRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Giordano
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Food Science (ISA), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Bernardina Scafuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Food Science (ISA), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Ahmed M, Bose I, Goksen G, Roy S. Himalayan Sources of Anthocyanins and Its Multifunctional Applications: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112203. [PMID: 37297448 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the colored water-soluble pigments, have increasingly drawn the attention of researchers for their novel applications. The sources of anthocyanin are highly diverse, and it can be easily extracted. The unique biodiversity of the Himalayan Mountain range is an excellent source of anthocyanin, but it is not completely explored. Numerous attempts have been made to study the phytochemical aspects of different Himalayan plants. The distinct flora of the Himalayas can serve as a potential source of anthocyanins for the food industry. In this context, this review is an overview of the phytochemical studies conducted on Himalayan plants for the estimation of anthocyanins. For that, many articles have been studied to conclude that plants (such as Berberis asiatica, Morus alba, Ficus palmata, Begonia xanthina, Begonia palmata, Fragaria nubicola, etc.) contain significant amounts of anthocyanin. The application of Himalayan anthocyanin in nutraceuticals, food colorants, and intelligent packaging films have also been briefly debated. This review creates a path for further research on Himalayan plants as a potential source of anthocyanins and their sustainable utilization in the food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmed
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Ipsheta Bose
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
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Behn A, Lizana C, Zapata F, Gonzalez A, Reyes-Díaz M, Fuentes D. Phenolic and anthocyanin content characterization related to genetic diversity analysis of Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum Chilotanum Group in southern Chile. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1045894. [PMID: 36704150 PMCID: PMC9872146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1045894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the four most important crops worldwide in production and consumption. It originated from South America along the Andes, where six hotspots of diversity known as subcenters of origin are described from Venezuela to Chiloe Island in Chile, and where the greatest diversity of potatoes in the world is found. Today, the use of ancestral genetic resources has gained significant relevance, recovering and producing foods with a greater nutrient content and beneficial to human health. Therefore, native potatoes possess a set of characteristics with great potential for use in potato breeding guided primarily to produce better feed, especially potatoes of the Chilotanum Group that are easily crossed with conventional varieties. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate 290 accessions of S. tuberosum subsp tuberosum belonging to the Chilotanum Group using a set of molecular markers and correlate them to its phenotypic traits for future use in breeding programs. For this purpose, 290 accessions were analysed through 22 specific microsatellites described previously, correlating them with flesh and skin colour, total phenolic content, and anthocyanin content. A division into groups considering all the 290 accessions resulted in two clusters using STRUCTURE analysis and seven different genetic clusters using UPGMA. The latter exhibited common phenotypic characteristics as well as anthocyanin content, strongly supporting a correlation between phenotypic traits and the genetic fingerprint. These results will enable breeders to focus on the development of potatoes with high polyphenol and anthocyanin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Behn
- Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Lizana
- Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Biocomputing and Applied Genetics, Center for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Gonzalez
- Biocomputing and Applied Genetics, Center for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Derie Fuentes
- Biocomputing and Applied Genetics, Center for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología de Sistemas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Periferakis A, Periferakis K, Badarau IA, Petran EM, Popa DC, Caruntu A, Costache RS, Scheau C, Caruntu C, Costache DO. Kaempferol: Antimicrobial Properties, Sources, Clinical, and Traditional Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315054. [PMID: 36499380 PMCID: PMC9740324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a category of plant-derived compounds which exhibit a large number of health-related effects. One of the most well-known and studied flavonoids is kaempferol, which can be found in a wide variety of herbs and plant families. Apart from their anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, kaempferol and its associated compounds also exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities. The development of drugs and treatment schemes based on these compounds is becoming increasingly important in the face of emerging resistance of numerous pathogens as well as complex molecular interactions between various drug therapies. In addition, many of the kaempferol-containing plants are used in traditional systems all over the world for centuries to treat numerous conditions. Due to its variety of sources and associated compounds, some molecular mechanisms of kaempferol antimicrobial activity are well known while others are still under analysis. This paper thoroughly documents the vegetal and food sources of kaempferol as well as the most recent and significant studies regarding its antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
- Orasis Acupuncture Institute, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Madalina Petran
- Department of Biochemistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Children’s Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Codruta Popa
- Department of Biochemistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Clinic, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Imchen T, Singh KS. Marine algae colorants: Antioxidant, anti-diabetic properties and applications in food industry. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Germano TA, de Oliveira MFR, Aziz S, Oliveira AER, da Cruz Saraiva KD, Dos Santos CP, Moura CFH, Costa JH. Transcriptome profiling of cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale) genotypes reveals specific genes linked to firmness and color during pseudofruit development. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 109:83-100. [PMID: 35332428 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We found 34 and 71 key genes potentially involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and cell wall disassembly, respectively, which could be associated with specific peel coloration and softening of each genotype. Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale) has a great economic importance worldwide due to its high nutritional value, peculiar flavor and aroma. During ripening, the peduncle develops different peel color and becomes quickly fragile due to its oversoftening, impacting its consumers' acceptance. In view of this, the understanding about its transcriptional dynamics throughout ripening is imperative. In this study, we performed a transcriptome sequencing of two cashew apple genotypes (CCP 76 and BRS 265), presenting different firmness and color peel, in the immature and ripe stages. Comparative transcriptome analysis between immature and ripe cashew apple revealed 4374 and 3266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to CCP 76 and BRS 265 genotypes, respectively. These genes included 71 and 34 GDEs involved in the cell wall disassembly and flavonoid biosynthesis, respectively, which could be associated with firmness loss and anthocyanin accumulation during cashew apple development. Then, softer peduncle of CCP 76 could be justified by down-regulated EXP and up-regulation of genes involved in pectin degradation (PG, PL and PAE) and in cell wall biosynthesis. Moreover, genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis (PAL, C4H and CHS) could be associated with early high accumulation of anthocyanin in red-peel peduncle of BRS 265. Finally, expression patterns of the selected genes were tested by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and the qRT-PCR results were consistent with transcriptome data. The information generated in this work will provide insights into transcriptome responses to cashew apple ripening and hence, it will be helpful for cashew breeding programs aimed at developing genotypes with improved quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Andrade Germano
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Matheus Finger Ramos de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Shahid Aziz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Antonio Edson Rocha Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Kátia Daniella da Cruz Saraiva
- Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, Instituto Federal de Educação, Campus Princesa Isabel, Princesa Isabel, PB, CEP 58755-000, Brazil
| | - Clesivan Pereira Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, CEP 84030-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Hélio Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-554, Brazil.
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Rosales TKO, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM, Fabi JP. Nanotechnology as a Tool to Mitigate the Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Metabolization of Anthocyanins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:506. [PMID: 35326155 PMCID: PMC8944820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are an important group of phenolic compounds responsible for pigmentation in several plants. For humans, a regular intake is associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. However, molecular instability reduces the absorption and bioavailability of these compounds. Anthocyanins are degraded by external factors such as the presence of light, oxygen, temperature, and changes in pH ranges. In addition, the digestion process contributes to chemical degradation, mainly through the action of intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota has a fundamental role in the biotransformation and metabolization of several dietary compounds, thus modifying the chemical structure, including anthocyanins. This biotransformation leads to low absorption of intact anthocyanins, and consequently, low bioavailability of these antioxidant compounds. Several studies have been conducted to seek alternatives to improve stability and protect against intestinal microbiota degradation. This comprehensive review aims to discuss the existing knowledge about the structure of anthocyanins while discussing human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and bioavailability after the oral consumption of anthocyanins. This review will highlight the use of nanotechnology systems to overcome anthocyanin biotransformation by the intestinal microbiota, pointing out the safety and effectiveness of nanostructures to maintain molecular stability.
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Bonesi M, Leporini M, Tenuta MC, Tundis R. The Role of Anthocyanins in Drug Discovery: Recent Developments. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 17:286-298. [PMID: 30686260 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190125152931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have always played a key role in drug discovery. Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoids family responsible for the purple, blue, and red colour of many vegetables and fruits. These phytochemicals have attracted the interest of researchers for their important implications in human health and for their use as natural colorants. Many in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the potential effects of anthocyanins and anthocyanins-rich foods in the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review reports the recent literature data and focuses on the potential role of anthocyanins in drug discovery. Their biological activity, analysis of structure-activity relationships, bioavailability, metabolism, and future prospects of their uses are critically described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria C Tenuta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Bontempo P, Stiuso P, Lama S, Napolitano A, Piacente S, Altucci L, Molinari AM, De Masi L, Rigano D. Metabolite Profile and In Vitro Beneficial Effects of Black Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Polar Extract. Nutrients 2021; 13:2771. [PMID: 34444931 PMCID: PMC8398518 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the centuries, humans have traditionally used garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a food ingredient (spice) and remedy for many diseases. To confirm this, many extensive studies recognized the therapeutic effects of garlic bulbs. More recently, black garlic (BG), made by heat-ageing white garlic bulbs, has increased its popularity in cuisine and traditional medicine around the world, but there is still limited information on its composition and potential beneficial effects. In this study, the metabolite profile of methanol extract of BG (BGE) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in high-resolution mode. Results allowed to establish that BGE major components were sulfur derivatives, saccharides, peptides, organic acids, a phenylpropanoid derivative, saponins, and compounds typical of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Characterization of the BGE action in cancer cells revealed that antioxidant, metabolic, and hepatoprotective effects occur upon treatment as well as induction of maturation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. These results are interesting from the impact point of view of BG consumption as a functional food for potential prevention of metabolic and tumor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Stefania Lama
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Assunta Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Molinari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (S.L.); (L.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Sun Q, Du M, Navarre DA, Zhu M. Effect of Cooking Methods on Bioactivity of Polyphenols in Purple Potatoes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081176. [PMID: 34439424 PMCID: PMC8388894 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purple-fleshed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a good dietary source of anthocyanins, flavonols, and polyphenolic acids, mostly chlorogenic acid. The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of cooking methods including boiling, steaming, and the newly developed vacuum-sealed boiling (VSBoil) on extractability and bioactivity of polyphenolic compounds in a purple potato (PP) cultivar, Purple Pelisse. Data showed that boiling and steaming reduced the total polyphenolic content in PP. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that steaming slightly reduced the extractable chlorogenic acid content, while VSBoil increased it. For DPPH free radical scavenging activities, VSBoil and steaming effectively preserved the antioxidant activity of a polyphenol-rich extract of PP, while boiling resulted in a significant reduction compared to raw potato extract. All extracts effectively suppressed bursts of intracellular reactive oxygen species in human colonic epithelial cells upon hydrogen peroxide induction, of which the extract from the VSBoil group showed the highest antioxidant potential. In addition, all extracts showed anti-inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells induced with tumor necrosis factor-α. In conclusion, the content and bioactivity of extractable polyphenols were largely retained in PP subjected to different cooking processes. VSBoil resulted in the highest content of extractable polyphenolic compounds and bioactivity among tested cooking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Duroy A. Navarre
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Prosser, WA 99350, USA;
| | - Meijun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(509)-335-4016
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantza Tonova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Madlena Lazarova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
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Ercoli S, Parada J, Bustamante L, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I, Contreras B, Cornejo P, Ruiz A. Noticeable Quantities of Functional Compounds and Antioxidant Activities Remain after Cooking of Colored Fleshed Potatoes Native from Southern Chile. Molecules 2021; 26:E314. [PMID: 33435441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of cooking on the concentrations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in 33 colored-fleshed potatoes genotypes was evaluated. The phenolic profiles, concentrations, and antioxidant activity were evaluated with a liquid chromatography diode array detector coupled to a mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization interface (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). Eleven anthocyanins were detected; in the case of red-fleshed genotypes, these were mainly acyl-glycosides derivatives of pelargonidin, whereas, in purple-fleshed genotypes, acyl-glycosides derivatives of petunidin were the most important. In the case of the purple-fleshed genotypes, the most important compound was petunidin-3-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside. Concentrations of total anthocyanins varied between 1.21 g kg−1 in fresh and 1.05 g kg−1 in cooked potato and the decreases due to cooking ranged between 3% and 59%. The genotypes that showed the highest levels of total phenols also presented the highest levels of antioxidant activity. These results are of relevance because they suggest anthocyanins are important contributors to the antioxidant activity of these potato genotypes, which is significant even after the drastic process of cooking.
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Abstract
Anthocyanins are polyphenol compounds that render various hues of pink, red, purple, and blue in flowers, vegetables, and fruits. Anthocyanins also play significant roles in plant propagation, ecophysiology, and plant defense mechanisms. Structurally, anthocyanins are anthocyanidins modified by sugars and acyl acids. Anthocyanin colors are susceptible to pH, light, temperatures, and metal ions. The stability of anthocyanins is controlled by various factors, including inter and intramolecular complexations. Chromatographic and spectrometric methods have been extensively used for the extraction, isolation, and identification of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins play a major role in the pharmaceutical; nutraceutical; and food coloring, flavoring, and preserving industries. Research in these areas has not satisfied the urge for natural and sustainable colors and supplemental products. The lability of anthocyanins under various formulated conditions is the primary reason for this delay. New gene editing technologies to modify anthocyanin structures in vivo and the structural modification of anthocyanin via semi-synthetic methods offer new opportunities in this area. This review focusses on the biogenetics of anthocyanins; their colors, structural modifications, and stability; their various applications in human health and welfare; and advances in the field.
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Dave GS, Rakholiya KD, Kaneria MJ, Galvadiya BP, Vyas SR, Kanbi VH, Patel MP. High affinity interaction of Solanum tuberosum and Brassica juncea residue smoke water compounds with proteins involved in coronavirus infection. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3400-3410. [PMID: 32779305 PMCID: PMC7436924 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is in an immediate need of treatment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Chronic exposure of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 may have multiple adverse effects on human physiology, such as cardiac arrhythmias. Natural compounds need to be evaluated as treatment and preventive agents in coronavirus infection. A total of 30 compounds of Solanum tuberosum and Brassica juncea residue smoke water were selected for the virtual screening against SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and cellular proteins involved in the mechanism of infection. Docking analysis identified lead molecules with favorable binding energy, number of poses and hydrogen bond interactions, which indicates the effective modulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors. Results indicated (a) curcumenol, (b) N-desmethylselegiline, (c) phentermine and (d) sphingolipid derivatives as a selective and potent candidates in comparison to hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment. Our in silico findings, therefore, warrant further in vitro validations of the selected compounds for the discovery of novel preventive and therapeutic drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav S Dave
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India.,Pulses Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Kalpna D Rakholiya
- Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India
| | - Mital J Kaneria
- Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India
| | - Bhemji P Galvadiya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Sudhanshu R Vyas
- Aspee College of Home Science and Nutrition, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India.,College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Vaktabhai H Kanbi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Manubhai P Patel
- Pulses Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India.,College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
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Tena N, Martín J, Asuero AG. State of the Art of Anthocyanins: Antioxidant Activity, Sources, Bioavailability, and Therapeutic Effect in Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E451. [PMID: 32456252 PMCID: PMC7278599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in food is well known. Numerous antioxidant assays have been proposed to measure the capacity of anthocyanins to prevent the oxidation process that naturally occurs. Different solvents, temperatures, and pH levels are applied in each assay, and these factors should be taken into account in order to obtain useful and reproducible results. The concentration and the structure of these compounds are directly related to their antioxidant capacity and their environment. However, the effectiveness of the anthocyanin ingestion against diseases is also influenced by its bioavailability. Novel methodologies that simulate the digestion process have been developed in order to facilitate the current knowledge of anthocyanins bioavailability. Studies highlight the potential synergy effect between parent compounds and their derivatives (metabolites, conjugated products, and microbe-generated metabolites). The aim of this review is to provide an overview of advantages and disadvantages of the most common methods to determine the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins, chemical structure, and concentration of these compounds in different edible fruits, vegetables, and plants; their bioavailability after intake; as well as the main therapeutic effect described in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Tena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González 2, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Agustín G. Asuero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González 2, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain;
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Fakhri S, Khodamorady M, Naseri M, Farzaei MH, Khan H. The ameliorating effects of anthocyanins on the cross-linked signaling pathways of cancer dysregulated metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104895. [PMID: 32422342 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells underlie the dysregulated metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein and thereby, employ interconnected cross-linked signaling pathways to supply adequate energy for growth and related biosynthetic procedures. In the present study, a comprehensive review of cancer metabolism and anthocyanin's effect was conducted using the existing electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as related articles in the field. Such keywords as "cancer", and "cancer metabolism" in the title/abstract/keyword and all the "anthocyanins" in the whole text were used. Data were collected without time restriction until February 2020. The results indicated the involvement of several signaling pathways, including inflammatory PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, Bax/Bcl-2/caspases as apoptosis modulators, and NF-κB/Nrf2 as oxidative stress mediators in the cancer dysregulated metabolism. Compelling studies have shown that targeting these pathways, as critical hallmarks of cancer, plays a critical role in combating cancer dysregulated metabolism. The complexity of cancer metabolism signaling pathways, along with toxicity, high costs, and resistance to conventional drugs urge the need to investigate novel multi-target agents. Increasing evidence has introduced plant-derived secondary metabolites as hopeful anticancer candidates which target multiple dysregulated cross-linked pathways of cancer metabolism. Amongst these metabolites, anthocyanins have demonstrated positive anticancer effects by targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic signaling pathways. The current study revealed the cross-linked signaling pathways of cancer metabolism, as well as the promising pharmacological mechanisms of anthocyanins in targeting the aforementioned signaling mediators. To overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of anthocyanins in cancer treatment, their interactions with gut microbiota and the need to develop related nano-formulations were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Minoo Khodamorady
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Di Donato F, Di Cecco V, Torricelli R, D’archivio AA, Di Santo M, Albertini E, Veronesi F, Garramone R, Aversano R, Marcantonio G, Di Martino L. Discrimination of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Accessions Collected in Majella National Park (Abruzzo, Italy) Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Combined with Morphological and Molecular Analysis. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:1630. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of local plant genetic resources grown in specific territories requires approaches that are able to discriminate between local and alien germplasm. In this work, three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) local accessions grown in the area of Majella National Park (Abruzzo, Italy) and five commercial varieties cultivated in the same area were characterized using 22 morphological descriptors and microsatellite (SSR) DNA markers. Analysis of the DNA and of the plant, leaf, flower, and tuber morpho-agronomic traits allowed for a reliable discrimination of the local potato accessions, and provided a clear picture of their genetic relationships with the commercial varieties. Moreover, infrared spectroscopy was used to acquire a fingerprint of the tuber flesh composition. A total of 279 spectra, 70% of which were used in calibration and the remaining 30% for prediction, were processed using partial least squares discriminant analysis. About 97% of the calibration samples and 80% of the prediction samples were correctly classified according to the potato origin. In summary, the combination of the three approaches were useful in the characterization and valorization of local germplasm. In particular, the molecular markers suggest that the potato accession named Montenerodomo, cultivated in Majella National Park, can be considered a local variety and can be registered into the Regional Voluntary GR Register and entered into the foreseen protection scheme, as reported by the Italian regional laws.
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De Masi L, Bontempo P, Rigano D, Stiuso P, Carafa V, Nebbioso A, Piacente S, Montoro P, Aversano R, D’Amelia V, Carputo D, Altucci L. Comparative Phytochemical Characterization, Genetic Profile, and Antiproliferative Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Pigmented Tubers of Different Solanum tuberosum Varieties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010233. [PMID: 31935970 PMCID: PMC6983029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a vast array of biomolecules with beneficial effects for human health. In this study, polyphenol and anthocyanin-rich extracts (PAE) from pigmented tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. varieties “Blue Star”, “Magenta Love”, and “Double Fun” in comparison with the more extensively studied “Vitelotte” were evaluated and compared for antiproliferative effects in human leukemia cells, and their phytochemical and genetic profiles were determined. In U937 cells, upon treatment with PAE, it was possible to reveal the expression of specific apoptotic players, such as caspase 8, 9, 3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), as well as the induction of monocyte and granulocyte differentiation. A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) investigation revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds in all the varieties of potatoes analyzed, among which caffeoyl and feruloyl quinic acid derivatives were the most abundant, as well as several acylated anthocyanins. Each pigmented variety was genotyped by DNA-based molecular markers, and flavonoid-related transcription factors were profiled in tubers in order to better characterize these outstanding resources and contribute to their exploitation in breeding. Interesting biological activities were observed for “Blue Star” and “Vitelotte” varieties with respect to the minor or no effect of the “Double Fun” variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy;
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (P.S.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (D.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (P.S.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (P.S.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (P.S.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy; (R.A.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo D’Amelia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy; (R.A.); (V.D.)
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy; (R.A.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (D.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (P.S.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (D.C.); (L.A.)
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Gan Y, Fu Y, Yang L, Chen J, Lei H, Liu Q. Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside and Cyanidin Protect Against Intestinal Barrier Damage and 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis. J Med Food 2020; 23:90-99. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanruo Gan
- College of Food Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lipin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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Han M, Li A, Shen T, Meng J, Lei Y, Zhang X, Liu P, Gan L, Ao L, Li H. Phenolic compounds present in fruit extracts of Malus spp. show antioxidative and pro-apoptotic effects on human gastric cancer cell lines. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13028. [PMID: 31475373 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to analyze the phenolic compounds in Malus spp. and evaluate their antioxidant and pro-apoptotic effects in BGC-803 gastric cancer cells. The results showed that cyanidin-3-galactoside was the main polyphenol in Malus "Royalty" (MR), while catechin, epicatechin, and proanthocyanidin B1 and B2 contents were higher in Malus "Cinnabar" (MC) and Malus micromalus (MM) than in MR fruits. The total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidative properties of Malus spp. fruits followed an order of MR > MC > MM. Fruit extracts could inhibit BGC-803 cells growth and induce apoptosis, with IC50 values of 0.47, 0.36, and 0.31 mg/ml for MR, MC, and MM, respectively. Furthermore, fruit extracts induced cell apoptosis through increasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl (pro-apoptosis) expression and inhibiting Bax and Bak (anti-apoptosis) expression, thereby accelerating cell apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that red fruits (i.e., MR and MC) were more effective against cancer cells than green fruits (i.e., MM). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fruits of Malus spp. are ≤5 cm in size, considerably smaller than apples. They are rich in various natural bioactive compounds that are often consumed as a dietary supplement or used as natural raw materials for function food. In the current study, it is comprehensively characterized profile and bioactivity of phenolic metabolites in Malus spp. fruits of different colors, and found that red fruits are more effective in reducing the free radicals and inducing cancer cells apoptosis than green fruits. These findings are valuable for food technologists and food manufacturers, especially those who produce crabapple supplement. The study investigated the molecular mechanism of how Malus spp. fruits exert anti-cancer functions. This lays a theoretical foundation for future research on developing anti-cancer function food and provides helpful guidance for fruit market management and fruit processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Han
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ai Li
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiaxin Meng
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongqin Lei
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Linxin Gan
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Ao
- Nanjing OGPharma Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Houhua Li
- Institute of Ornamantal Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Liang T, Zhang Z, Jing P. Black rice anthocyanins embedded in self-assembled chitosan/chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles enhance apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Food Chem 2019; 301:125280. [PMID: 31377624 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanoparticles using the biopolymers chitosan (CH) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) were developed to improve the biological activity of anthocyanin (ACN). The 86.32 ± 0.15% (w/w) of ACN was incorporated into ACN/CH/CS nanoparticles, with the particle size of 350.1 ± 0.99 nm in diameter (i.d.) and 42.55 ± 0.54 in zeta potential (mV). Morphological study and thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the ACN/CH/CS nanoparticles exhibited heterogeneous morphology and high thermal stability. Significant increases in apoptosis by 12.1% and 35.1% were observed with 0.05 mg/ml ACN and ACN/CH/CS nanoparticles in the HCT-116 cell line, indicating that the nanoparticle system led to significant increase in apoptosis (p < 0.05). Structural changes in mitochondria caused by ACN/CH/CS nanoparticles indicated that the nanoparticles had negative impacts on mitochondria. These results showed that nanoparticles could potentially be used as a carrier system to improve the efficacy of ACN.
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Leláková V, Šmejkal K, Jakubczyk K, Veselý O, Landa P, Václavík J, Bobáľ P, Pížová H, Temml V, Steinacher T, Schuster D, Granica S, Hanáková Z, Hošek J. Parallel in vitro and in silico investigations into anti-inflammatory effects of non-prenylated stilbenoids. Food Chem 2019; 285:431-440. [PMID: 30797367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stilbenoids represent a large group of bioactive compounds, which occur in food and medicinal plants. Twenty-five stilbenoids were screened in vitro for their ability to inhibit COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX. Piceatannol and pinostilbene showed activity comparable to the zileuton and ibuprofen, respectively. The anti-inflammatory potential of stilbenoids was further evaluated using THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cell line. Tests of the cytotoxicity on the THP-1 and HCT116 cell lines showed very low toxic effects. The tested stilbenoids were evaluated for their ability to attenuate the LPS-stimulated activation of NF-κB/AP-1. Most of the tested substances reduced the activity of NF-κB/AP-1 and later attenuated the expression of TNF-α. The effects of selected stilbenoids were further investigated on inflammatory signaling pathways. Non-prenylated stilbenoids regulated attenuation of NF-ĸB/AP-1 activity upstream by inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPKs. A docking study used to in silico analyze the tested compounds confirmed their interaction with NF-ĸB, COX-2 and 5-LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Leláková
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Veselý
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Václavík
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bobáľ
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pížová
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresa Steinacher
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzana Hanáková
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
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Gutiérrez-Macías P, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga CG, Garduño-Siciliano L, Ordaz-Pichardo C, Arriaga-Alba M, Barragán-Huerta BE. Purple pigment from Peltogyne mexicana heartwood as a potential colorant for food. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:3225-38. [PMID: 31274890 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Peltogyne mexicana heartwood might be a novel purple pigment source. The results of the present study demonstrate that the purple pigment is an important source of phenolic compounds (698.22 ± 2.99 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (48.01 ± 0.51 mg EPE/g). UV-Vis spectrum and color parameters (L* a* b*) showed that purple pigment has different shades of purple-red (H° value 19.32 ± 0.02 in methanol and 22.85 ± 0.01 in ethanol) depending on the solvent and the pH. Also, the purple pigment did not exhibit acute oral toxicity at a single dose (2000 mg/kg body weight). No mutagenicity was observed in the Ames test with three Salmonella typhimurium strains. The purple pigment exhibited considerable coloring properties with a wider range of citric acid-dependent color hues in gelatin (H° from 280.3 to 319.9 and from 68.0 to 88.1), and higher color intensity than commercial anthocyanin. Minor variations in the hue were found in yogurt, for purple pigment with H° values from 317.5 to 315.0, and commercial anthocyanin from 82.6 to 88.7 and 276.9 to 295.5. However, purple pigment required lower concentrations to achieve superior effects. For gelatin and yogurt samples, similar variations in the color parameters L*, a*, b*, and pigment degradation were observed for purple pigment and commercial anthocyanin in the stability assay. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Jung S, Lee MS, Choi AJ, Kim CT, Kim Y. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Extract of Mulberry ( Morus alba) Fruit on LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071425. [PMID: 30978947 PMCID: PMC6480515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) contains abundant bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins and flavonols, and has been reported to possess potent beneficial properties including anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-oxidant effects. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing, a nonthermal food processing technology, is suitable for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants. Nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory effects of HHP extract of mulberry fruit (HM) in RAW264.7 cells remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of HM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vitro. RAW264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations (0.1-1 μg/mL) of HM in the presence or absence of LPS. HM inhibited the inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide (NO) release, and mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, HM suppressed both mRNA and protein expressions of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2). Moreover, it reduced the LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These results revealed that HM exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting several mediators and cytokines involved in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoon Jung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Mak-Soon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Ae-Jin Choi
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea.
| | - Chong-Tai Kim
- R&D Center, EastHill Corporation, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16642, Korea.
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Ruiz A, Aguilera A, Ercoli S, Parada J, Winterhalter P, Contreras B, Cornejo P. Effect of the frying process on the composition of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and antioxidant activity in flesh colored potatoes. Food Chem 2018; 268:577-584. [PMID: 30064800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic composition of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with colored flesh has been previously reported, highlighting their anthocyanin composition. However, there is less information available about the profiles and concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCADs) in these potatoes. In pigmented potatoes from Southern Chile, three HCADs have been detected, corresponding to the trans isomers of 3-, 4- and 5-caffeoylquinic acid. It is remarkable that after frying, the HCAD concentrations increased 493% compared to those of fresh potatoes. The same tendency has been observed for total phenols and antioxidant activity of the chips. The results obtained are relevant in relation to the classification of pigmented potatoes as functional foods not only due to their anthocyanin content but also due to their higher content of HCADs, especially since their concentration increases considerably after frying, thus contributing to their antioxidant activity and potential beneficial effects for human health compared with uncolored genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonieta Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Ariel Aguilera
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Stefano Ercoli
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - José Parada
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Boris Contreras
- Novaseed Ltda and Papas Arcoiris Ltda, Loteo Pozo de Ripio s/n, Parque Ivian II, Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Khoo HE, Azlan A, Tang ST, Lim SM. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1361779. [PMID: 28970777 PMCID: PMC5613902 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1361779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1048] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are colored water-soluble pigments belonging to the phenolic group. The pigments are in glycosylated forms. Anthocyanins responsible for the colors, red, purple, and blue, are in fruits and vegetables. Berries, currants, grapes, and some tropical fruits have high anthocyanins content. Red to purplish blue-colored leafy vegetables, grains, roots, and tubers are the edible vegetables that contain a high level of anthocyanins. Among the anthocyanin pigments, cyanidin-3-glucoside is the major anthocyanin found in most of the plants. The colored anthocyanin pigments have been traditionally used as a natural food colorant. The color and stability of these pigments are influenced by pH, light, temperature, and structure. In acidic condition, anthocyanins appear as red but turn blue when the pH increases. Chromatography has been largely applied in extraction, separation, and quantification of anthocyanins. Besides the use of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural dyes, these colored pigments are potential pharmaceutical ingredients that give various beneficial health effects. Scientific studies, such as cell culture studies, animal models, and human clinical trials, show that anthocyanidins and anthocyanins possess antioxidative and antimicrobial activities, improve visual and neurological health, and protect against various non-communicable diseases. These studies confer the health effects of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, which are due to their potent antioxidant properties. Different mechanisms and pathways are involved in the protective effects, including free-radical scavenging pathway, cyclooxygenase pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and inflammatory cytokines signaling. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural food colorants and their nutraceutical properties for health. Abbreviations: CVD: Cardiovascular disease VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Eng Khoo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sou Teng Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - See Meng Lim
- Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mazewski C, Liang K, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Inhibitory potential of anthocyanin-rich purple and red corn extracts on human colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. J Funct Foods 2017; 34:254-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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