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Tikhonova MA, Shoeva OY, Tenditnik MV, Akopyan AA, Litvinova EA, Popova NA, Amstislavskaya TG, Khlestkina EK. Antitumor Effects of an Anthocyanin-Rich Grain Diet in a Mouse Model of Lewis Lung Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5727. [PMID: 38891915 PMCID: PMC11171629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional foods enriched with plant polyphenol anthocyanins attract particular attention due to their health-promoting properties, including antitumor activity. We evaluated the effects of a grain diet rich in anthocyanins in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Mice of the C57BL/6 strain were fed with wheat of near-isogenic lines differing in the anthocyanin content for four months prior to tumor transplantation. Although a significant decrease in the size of the tumor and the number of metastases in the lungs was revealed in the groups with both types of grain diet, the highest percentage of animals without metastases and with attenuated cell proliferation in the primary tumor were observed in the mice with the anthocyanin-rich diet. Both grain diets reduced the body weight gain and spleen weight index. The antitumor effects of the grain diets were associated with the activation of different mechanisms: immune response of the allergic type with augmented interleukin(IL)-9 and eotaxin serum levels in mice fed with control grain vs. inhibition of the IL-6/LIF system accompanied by a decrease in the tumor-associated M2 macrophage marker arginase 1 gene mRNA levels and enhanced autophagy in the tumor evaluated by the mRNA levels of Beclin 1 gene. Thus, anthocyanin-rich wheat is suggested as a promising source of functional nutrition with confirmed in vivo antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Tikhonova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (T.G.A.)
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olesya Y. Shoeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Michael V. Tenditnik
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A. Akopyan
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Litvinova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nelly A. Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (T.G.A.)
- Department of Neuroscience, V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tamara G. Amstislavskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (T.G.A.)
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena K. Khlestkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (T.G.A.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Wei X, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Long Y, Tan B, Li QX, Dong Z, Wan X. Dietary fiber and polyphenols from whole grains: effects on the gut and health improvements. Food Funct 2024; 15:4682-4702. [PMID: 38590246 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00715h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cereals are the main source of energy in the human diet. Compared to refined grains, whole grains retain more beneficial components, including dietary fiber, polyphenols, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Dietary fiber and bound polyphenols (biounavailable) in cereals are important active substances that can be metabolized by the gut microorganisms and affect the intestinal environment. There is a close relationship between the gut microbiota structures and various disease phenotypes, although the consistency of this link is affected by many factors, and the specific mechanisms are still unclear. Remodeling unfavorable microbiota is widely recognized as an important way to target the gut and improve diseases. This paper mainly reviews the interaction between the gut microbiota and cereal-derived dietary fiber and polyphenols, and also summarizes the changes to the gut microbiota and possible molecular mechanisms of related glycolipid metabolism. The exploration of single active ingredients in cereals and their synergistic health mechanisms will contribute to a better understanding of the health benefits of whole grains. It will further help promote healthier whole grain foods by cultivating new varieties with more potential and optimizing processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wei
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
- Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6706 KN, The Netherlands
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Yan Long
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Bin Tan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
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3
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Huarote-Garcia E, Cardenas-Riojas AA, Monje IE, López EO, Arias-Pinedo OM, Planes GA, Baena-Moncada AM. Activated Carbon Electrodes for Supercapacitors from Purple Corncob ( Zea maysL.). ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2024; 4:80-88. [PMID: 38525024 PMCID: PMC10958655 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Activated carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes synthesized from biomass or waste-derived biomass have recently attracted considerable attention because of their low cost, natural abundance, and power delivery performance. In this work, purple-corncob-based active carbons are prepared by KOH activation and subsequently evaluated as a composite electrode for supercapacitors using either an acidic or an alkali solution as the electrolyte. The synthesis of the material involves mixing the purple corncob powder with different concentrations of KOH (in the range of 5% to 30%) and a thermal treatment at 700 °C under an inert atmosphere. Physicochemical characterizations were performed using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, N2 physisorption analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while the electrochemical characteristics were determined using cyclic voltammetry, a galvanostatic charge/discharge curve, and electrochemical impedance techniques measured in a three- and two-electrode system. Composite electrodes activated with 10% KOH had a specific surface area of 728 m2 g-1, and high capacitances of 195 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in 1 mol L-1 H2SO4 and 116 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in 1 mol L-1 KOH were obtained. It also presented a 76% capacitance retention after 50 000 cycles. These properties depend significantly on the microporous area and micropore volume characteristics of the activated carbon. Overall, our results indicate that purple corncob has an interesting prospect as a carbon precursor material for supercapacitor electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Huarote-Garcia
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac 15333, Lima, Perú
| | - Andy A. Cardenas-Riojas
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac 15333, Lima, Perú
| | - Ivonne E. Monje
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac 15333, Lima, Perú
| | - Elvis O. López
- Department
of Experimental Low Energy Physics, Brazilian
Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Ofelia M. Arias-Pinedo
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac 15333, Lima, Perú
| | - Gabriel A. Planes
- Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales - Instituto
de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales
Avanzados (IITEMA) Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angélica M. Baena-Moncada
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac 15333, Lima, Perú
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Schmutz C, Will F, Varga E, Jaunecker C, Pahlke G, Berger W, Marko D. In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Different Anthocyanin-Rich Berry Extracts in Murine CT26 Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7684. [PMID: 38067418 PMCID: PMC10707341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-oxidant, -inflammatory, and -carcinogenic activities of bioactive plant constituents, such as anthocyanins, have been widely discussed in literature. However, the potential interaction of anthocyanin-rich extracts with routinely used chemotherapeutics is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, anthocyanin-rich polyphenol extracts of blackberry (BB), bilberry (Bil), black currant (BC), elderberry (EB), and their respective main anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside) were investigated concerning their cytotoxic and DNA-damaging properties in murine CT26 cells either alone or in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent SN-38. BB exerted potent cytotoxic effects, while Bil, BC, and EB only had marginal effects on cell viability. Single anthocyanins comprised of the extracts could not induce comparable effects. Even though the BB extract further pronounced SN-38-induced cytotoxicity and inhibited cell adhesion at 100-200 µg/mL, no effect on DNA damage was observed. In conclusion, anti-carcinogenic properties of the extracts on CT26 cells could be ranked BB >> BC ≥ Bil ≈ EB. Mechanisms underlying the potent cytotoxic effects are still to be elucidated since the induction of DNA damage does not play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Schmutz
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (E.V.); (G.P.)
- Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Will
- Department of Beverage Research, Hochschule Geisenheim University, P.O. Box 1154, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (E.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Carola Jaunecker
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Gudrun Pahlke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (E.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (E.V.); (G.P.)
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Dong Y, Wu X, Han L, Bian J, He C, El-Omar E, Gong L, Wang M. The Potential Roles of Dietary Anthocyanins in Inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence and Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142836. [PMID: 35889793 PMCID: PMC9316990 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly more evidence has shown that the senescence of vascular endothelial cells is the key to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Anthocyanin is a type of water-soluble polyphenol pigment and secondary metabolite of plant-based food widely existing in fruits and vegetables. The gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of anthocyanins and mediates the biological activities of anthocyanins and their metabolites, while anthocyanins also regulate the growth of specific bacteria in the microbiota and promote the proliferation of healthy anaerobic flora. Accumulating studies have shown that anthocyanins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. Many animal and in vitro experiments have also proven that anthocyanins have protective effects on cardiovascular-disease-related dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin in eliminating aging endothelial cells and preventing cardiovascular diseases is very complex and is not fully understood. In this systematic review, we summarize the metabolism and activities of anthocyanins, as well as their effects on scavenging senescent cells and cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Xue Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Caian He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Emad El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
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6
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Choque Delgado GT, Carlos Tapia KV, Pacco Huamani MC, Hamaker BR. Peruvian Andean grains: Nutritional, functional properties and industrial uses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9634-9647. [PMID: 35544604 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2073960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Andean geography induces favorable conditions for the growth of food plants of high nutritional and functional value. Among these plants are the Andean grains, which are recognized worldwide for their nutritional attributes. The objective of this article is to show the nutritional and functional properties, as well as industrial potential, of Andean grains. Quinoa, amaranth, canihua, and Andean corn are grains that contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities that benefit the health of the consumer. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate their functional potential. These high-Andean crops could be used industrially to add value to other functional food products. These reports suggest the inclusion of these grains in the daily diets of people and the application of their active compounds in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel Teresa Choque Delgado
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Katerin Victoria Carlos Tapia
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Maria Cecilia Pacco Huamani
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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7
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The effect of different solvents and acidifying reagents on the anthocyanin profiles and antioxidant capacity of purple corn. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Huang M, Han Y, Li L, Rakariyatham K, Wu X, Gao Z, Xiao H. Protective effects of non-extractable phenolics from strawberry against inflammation and colon cancer in vitro. Food Chem 2021; 374:131759. [PMID: 34896944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry is a rich source of phenolics. However, most studies focused on extractable phenolics (EP) while neglecting non-extractable phenolics (NEP). The aim of this study was to characterize EP and NEP from strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and determine their anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer potentials in cell culture models. NEP contained flavonols, flavanols and phenolic acids that were released through alkaline hydrolysis. NEP dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharides -induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage. Western blotting showed that NEP reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory proteins such as iNOS and c-FOS, but increased the expression level of antioxidative protein, such as HO-1. Moreover, NEP markedly suppressed proliferation of human colon cancer HCT116 cells via inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings illustrated preventive effects of strawberry NEP against inflammation and colon cancer, shedding light on potential contribution of NEP from strawberry as a health-promoting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meigui Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, PR China
| | - Kanyasiri Rakariyatham
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Sharma A, Choi HK, Kim YK, Lee HJ. Delphinidin and Its Glycosides' War on Cancer: Preclinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11500. [PMID: 34768930 PMCID: PMC8583959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, several studies have looked at the issue of anthocyanin and cancer, namely the preventive and inhibitory effects of anthocyanins, as well as the underlying molecular processes. However, no targeted review is available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of delphinidin and its glycosides on various cancers and their plausible molecular mechanisms. Considerable evidence shows significant anticancer properties of delphinidin-rich preparations and delphinidin alone both in vitro and in vivo. This review covers the in vitro and preclinical implications of delphinidin-mediated cell protection and cancer prevention; thus, we strongly recommend that delphinidin-rich preparations be further investigated as potential functional food, dietary antioxidant supplements, and natural health products targeting specific chronic diseases, including cancer. In addition to in vitro investigations, future research should focus on more animal and human studies to determine the true potential of delphinidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Kye Kim
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gijang-eup, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Ranilla LG, Rios-Gonzales BA, Ramírez-Pinto MF, Fuentealba C, Pedreschi R, Shetty K. Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn ( Zea mays L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations. Metabolites 2021; 11:722. [PMID: 34822380 PMCID: PMC8625611 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is native to the Andean region, but limited research has been performed about the potential metabolic variability when grown under Andean environmental conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the phenolic and primary polar metabolites composition of purple corn (kernels and cobs) grown at two Peruvian Andean locations (lowland and highland) using targeted UHPLC (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography) and untargeted GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) metabolomic platforms, respectively. Changes in the physical characteristics and the in vitro bioactivity were also determined. Purple corn from the highland zone showed higher contents of ash, crude fiber, total phenolic contents, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in kernels, whereas increased levels of flavonoids (anthocyanins and quercetin derivatives) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] antioxidant capacity were observed in cobs in comparison to lowland samples. No effect of the Andean location was found on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity relevant for hyperglycemia management, while yield-linked physical characteristics were high in purple corn grown at the lowland zone. Polar primary metabolites related to the carbohydrate (monosaccharides, sucrose, and d-sorbitol), amino acid (valine and alanine), and tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinic, fumaric, and aconitic acid) metabolism were higher in highland purple corn (cob and kernel) likely due to abiotic stress factors from the highland environment. This study provides the foundation for further breeding improvements at Andean locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gálvez Ranilla
- Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Urb. San Jose s/n Umacollo, Arequipa 04001, Peru; (B.A.R.-G.); (M.F.R.-P.)
| | - Briggite Anyela Rios-Gonzales
- Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Urb. San Jose s/n Umacollo, Arequipa 04001, Peru; (B.A.R.-G.); (M.F.R.-P.)
| | - María Fernanda Ramírez-Pinto
- Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Urb. San Jose s/n Umacollo, Arequipa 04001, Peru; (B.A.R.-G.); (M.F.R.-P.)
| | - Claudia Fuentealba
- Escuela de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Waddington 716, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile;
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
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Xu H, Liu M, Liu H, Zhao B, Zheng M, Liu J. Anthocyanins from purple corn ameliorated obesity in high fat diet-induced obese mice through activating hepatic AMPK. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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12
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Strugała P, Urbaniak A, Kuryś P, Włoch A, Kral T, Ugorski M, Hof M, Gabrielska J. Antitumor and antioxidant activities of purple potato ethanolic extract and its interaction with liposomes, albumin and plasmid DNA. Food Funct 2021; 12:1271-1290. [PMID: 33434253 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to broadly determine the biological activities of purple potato ethanolic extract of the Blue Congo variety (BCE). The antioxidant activity of BCE was determined in relation to liposome membranes, and peroxidation was induced by UVB and AAPH. To clarify the antioxidant activity of BCE, we investigated its interactions with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of a membrane using fluorimetric and FTIR methods. Next, we investigated the cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activities of BCE in two human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2) and in normal cells (IPEC-J2). In addition, the ability to inhibit enzymes that are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions was examined. Furthermore, BCE interactions with serum albumin and plasmid DNA were investigated using steady state fluorescence spectroscopy and a single molecule fluorescence technique (TCSPC-FCS). We proved that BCE effectively protects lipid membranes against the process of peroxidation and successfully inhibits the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. Furthermore, it interacts with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of lipid membranes as well as with albumin and plasmid DNA. It was observed that BCE is more cytotoxic against colon cancer cell lines than normal IPEC-J2 cells; it also induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines, but does not induce cell death in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Strugała
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Urbaniak
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Patryk Kuryś
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Włoch
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Teresa Kral
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martin Hof
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Janina Gabrielska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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Li X, Zhao J, Yan T, Mu J, Lin Y, Chen J, Deng H, Meng X. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cisplatin inhibit proliferation and downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cervical cancer cells. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2700-2712. [PMID: 33908630 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have been increasingly investigated as substances enhancing the effect of drugs and reducing drug-related adverse reactions. The objective of this study was to determine how a combination of cisplatin (DDP) with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) affected malignancy features of cervical cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the proliferation of HeLa cells treated with 5 µg/ml DDP, 400 µg/ml C3G, or a combination of both (5 µg/ml DDP and 400 µg/ml C3G) was inhibited by 17.43%, 34.98%, and 63.38%, respectively. The IC50 values for DDP and the DDP/C3G combination treatments in HeLa cells were 18.53 and 6.435 µg/ml, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that treatment with DDP, C3G, or the combination induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Furthermore, after treatment, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 levels decreased; Bax, cleaved caspase-3, p53, and TIMP-1 were activated; and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was modulated. These anticancer effects were enhanced in cells treated with the combination of DDP and C3G compared to those treated with DDP or C3G alone. Our study indicates that C3G increases the antitumor activity of DDP, suggesting a potential strategy to reduce adverse effects associated with chemotherapy in cervical cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Natural biologically active food ingredients are suggested to have a potential to enhance the effect of chemotherapy in cancer. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it revealed, for the first time, that C3G could increase the antitumor activity of DDP, suggesting a potential strategy to reduce adverse effects associated with chemotherapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingcai Yan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Mu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Lin
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haotian Deng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Chen J, Xu B, Sun J, Jiang X, Bai W. Anthocyanin supplement as a dietary strategy in cancer prevention and management: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7242-7254. [PMID: 33872094 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1913092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments proven to be beneficial in the vast majority of health problems with no side effects. In this review, the latest progress on the cancer prevention and management of anthocyanins in treating cancers ranked in the top 5 of incidence and mortality was summarized, and the interaction and corresponding mechanisms were established based on a systematic review of electronic libraries. Several studies have revealed that anthocyanins have positive impact on human health with anti-cancer capacity. This review aimed to accumulate the evidence on the anti-cancer effects of anthocyanins, corresponding mechanisms and limitation of anthocyanins on cancer prevention and management. Notably, this review updated the latest studies on cancer prevention and management of anthocyanins and also inputted the future perspectives and the demanding questions for the possible contribution of anthocyanins as anti-cancer adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Colored Corn: An Up-Date on Metabolites Extraction, Health Implication, and Potential Use. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010199. [PMID: 33401767 PMCID: PMC7796034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colored (orange, pink, red, purple, and blue) corn strongly attracted attention on its healthy properties mainly due to its anthocyanin and carotenoid composition which is also responsible for its pigmentation. The present review summarized the recent updates on the extraction and chemical characterization of the main plant secondary metabolites present in colored seeds, kernel, cob, husk, and silk. The main approaches used to stabilize the extracts have been discussed as well as their food and non-food uses. Both in vitro and in vivo (animal models) studies on the different effects (antibacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, effects on metabolic syndrome, diabetes, glucose and lipidic metabolism, and neuroprotection) of pigmented extracts on animal and human health have been summarized.
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16
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Jing N, Song J, Liu Z, Wang L, Jiang G. Glycosylation of anthocyanins enhances the apoptosis of colon cancer cells by handicapping energy metabolism. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:312. [PMID: 33059637 PMCID: PMC7566133 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While anthocyanins are proven to be effective in inhibiting tumour cell proliferation, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This research aims to explore the glycosylation of anthocyanins in the tumour inhibitory effects and the potential mechanism. METHODS The tumour inhibitory effect on mouse colon cancer cells (MC38) was examined by MTT and flow cytometric analyses. The inhibitory pathway of anthocyanin was explored by assessment of tumour cell mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, as well as the cell energy metabolism in terms of the glucose uptake, the NAD+/NADH ratio and the ATP level. RESULTS We found that 500 μM bilberry anthocyanins extract (BAE) induced 48.1% mitochondrial damage, activated the downstream caspase cascade to form apoptotic bodies (caspase-3 activity increased by 169%, caspase-9 activity increased by 186%), and inhibited cell proliferation (survival rate: 55.97%, 24 h). In contrast, the same concentration of anthocyanidin (cyanidin) led to marginal mitochondrial damage (only 9.85%) and resulted in little inhibition of MC38 cells (survival rate: 86.84%, 24 h). For cells incubated with 500 μM BAE, reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased by 53.8%, but the ratio of NAD+/NADH increased to 3.67, demonstrating that the mitochondrial damage was induced by blocking energy metabolism. Furthermore, cell energy metabolism is related to glucose uptake since the presence of 200 μM GLUT1 inhibitor substantially enhanced the inhibitory effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy-3-Glu) at 500 μM (survival rate: 51.08%, 24 h). CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that the glycosides of anthocyanins might handicap glucose transport and inhibit energy metabolism, which, in turn, led to mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jing
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Ma Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wu C, Huang W. Malvidin induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and mitochondrial pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5095-5106. [PMID: 32994970 PMCID: PMC7500790 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries have great beneficial effects due to high level of anthocyanins, especially malvidin. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can be activated and increase excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which play a central role in liver fibrogenesis. Therefore, activated HSC's apoptosis can be induced to recover liver fibrosis. Malvidin's effects on apoptosis in rat activated hepatic stellate T6 cells (HSC-T6) in vitro were investigated here. High concentration of malvidin was found to significantly induce apoptosis, activate caspase-3, increase malondialdehyde, upregulate Bax, but downregulate Bcl-2. Moreover, malvidin upregulated the protein levels of some endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-typical markers, including caspase-12, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), suggesting that malvidin induced HSC apoptosis by the ERS apoptosis pathway as well as the mitochondrial-dependent pathway. These findings indicated that blueberry anthocyanins, especially malvidin, could induce activated hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and might act as one kind of functional food ingredient or a novel nutraceutical beneficial for liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ma
- Institute of Agro‐Product ProcessingJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Yahui Li
- Institute of Agro‐Product ProcessingJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Institute of Agro‐Product ProcessingJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Agro‐Product ProcessingJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro‐Product ProcessingJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
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18
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Amararathna M, Hoskin DW, Rupasinghe HPV. Cyanidin-3- O-Glucoside-Rich Haskap Berry Administration Suppresses Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis in A/JCr Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:E3823. [PMID: 32842605 PMCID: PMC7503524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we demonstrated that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)-rich haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) berry extracts can attenuate the carcinogen-induced DNA damage in normal lung epithelial cells in vitro. Here, the efficacy of lyophilized powder of whole haskap berry (C3G-HB) in lowering tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/JCr mice was investigated. Three weeks after daily oral administration of C3G-HB (6 mg of C3G in 0.2 g of C3G-HB/mouse/day), lung tumors were initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of NNK. Dietary C3G-HB supplementation was continued, and 22 weeks later, mice were euthanized. Lung tumors were visualized through positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 19 weeks after NNK injection. Dietary supplementation of C3G-HB significantly reduced the NNK-induced lung tumor multiplicity and tumor area but did not affect tumor incidence. Immunohistochemical analysis showed reduced expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in lung tissues. Therefore, C3G-HB has the potential to reduce the lung tumorigenesis, and to be used as a source for developing dietary supplements or nutraceuticals for reducing the risk of lung cancer among high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madumani Amararathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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19
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Zhao X, Feng P, He W, Du X, Chen C, Suo L, Liang M, Zhang N, Na A, Zhang Y. The Prevention and Inhibition Effect of Anthocyanins on Colorectal Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4919-4927. [PMID: 31830892 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191212105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoids that are natural water soluble glycosidic pigments with efficacious anti-cancer effects, which have good biological activity against many cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the exact molecular mechanism used by anthocyanins against cancer is unclear; it is also unclear what a reasonable dosage might be for their use against colorectal cancer. METHODS Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, MTT assay, xenograft model, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were used to perform the experiments. RESULTS Compared with the control group, anthocyanins could significantly inhibit the cell viability and proliferation and promote the apoptosis of human colon cancer HT29 cells. Furthermore, anthocyanins reduced tumor weight and volume in a colon tumor mouse model and downregulated the expression of PI3K protein, inhibited AKT expression and phosphorylation, decreased the Bcl-2 and Bax ratio and reduced survivin protein expression in the tumor tissue. CONCLUSION Anthocyanins promoted apoptosis of CRC cells and inhibited colon cancer growth of xenografted tumors. Mechanistically, anthocyanins enhanced the Bcl-2/Bax and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways through targeting the PI3K/AKT/survivin pathway, resulting in impairment of growth of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin, China
| | - Panfeng Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenqian He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Du
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianhuan Suo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - An Na
- Science and Technology Park, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin, China
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20
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de Mejia EG, Zhang Q, Penta K, Eroglu A, Lila MA. The Colors of Health: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Market Demand for Colorful Foods and Natural Food Sources of Colorants. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:145-182. [PMID: 32126181 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing consumer demand for natural colors in foods. However, there is a limited number of available natural food sources for use by the food industry because of technical and regulatory limitations. Natural colors are less stable and have less vibrant hues compared to their synthetic color counterparts. Natural pigments also have known health benefits that are seldom leveraged by the food industry. Betalains, carotenoids, phycocyanins, and anthocyanins are major food colorants used in the food industry that have documented biological effects, particularly in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The color industry needs new sources of stable, functional, and safe natural food colorants. New opportunities include sourcing new colors from microbial sources and via the use of genetic biotechnology. In all cases, there is an imperative need for toxicological evaluation to pave the way for their regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Qiaozhi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kayla Penta
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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21
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Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Using an Experimental Design Methodology. Part 1: Pressurized Liquid Extraction. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, açai is one of the most important fruits present in the world. Several studies have demonstrated its high content in phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Both of them are responsible of interesting properties of the fruit such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or anticancer. In the present study, two optimized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) methods have been developed for the extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from açai. A full factorial design (Box–Behnken design) with six variables (solvent composition (25–75% methanol-in-water), temperature (50–100 °C), pressure (100–200 atm), purge time (30–90 s), pH (2–7) and flushing (50–150%)) were employed. The percentage of methanol in the extraction solvent was proven to be the most significant variable for the extraction of anthocyanins. In the case of total phenolic compounds, the extraction temperature was the most influential variable. The developed methods showed high precision, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 5%. The applicability of the methods was successfully evaluated in real samples. In conclusion, two rapid and reliable PLE extraction methods to be used for laboratories and industries to determine anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds in açai and its derived products were developed in this work.
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22
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Grown to be Blue-Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects of Colored Vegetables. Part II: Leafy, Fruit, and Other Vegetables. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020097. [PMID: 31979214 PMCID: PMC7070715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current trend for substituting synthetic compounds with natural ones in the design and production of functional and healthy foods has increased the research interest about natural colorants. Although coloring agents from plant origin are already used in the food and beverage industry, the market and consumer demands for novel and diverse food products are increasing and new plant sources are explored. Fresh vegetables are considered a good source of such compounds, especially when considering the great color diversity that exists among the various species or even the cultivars within the same species. In the present review we aim to present the most common species of colored vegetables, focusing on leafy and fruit vegetables, as well as on vegetables where other plant parts are commercially used, with special attention to blue color. The compounds that are responsible for the uncommon colors will be also presented and their beneficial health effects and antioxidant properties will be unraveled.
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Salvador-Reyes R, Clerici MTPS. Peruvian Andean maize: General characteristics, nutritional properties, bioactive compounds, and culinary uses. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108934. [PMID: 32156382 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ancient grains are considered to have been minimally changed by selective breeding, thus they are resistant to pests and environmental adversities and have stood out as a healthy food for consumption. This article aimed to review Peruvian Andean maize (PAM), which despite being used in local cuisine, little information has been found in literature about its characteristics and bioactive properties. The highest yielding varieties of PAM include Chullpi, Piscorunto, Sacsa, Giant Cuzco, and Purple, which differs from the commercial maize by their greater variety of color, size, and higher levels of protein, lipids, and bioactive compounds. The genetic characteristics of PAM associated with a geographical origin allow for the production of agricultural products with higher added value, without exhausting the existing plantations and maintaining the sustainability of the Andean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Salvador-Reyes
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP Zip-code 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP Zip-code 13083-862, Brazil.
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24
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Tan J, Li Y, Hou DX, Wu S. The Effects and Mechanisms of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside and Its Phenolic Metabolites in Maintaining Intestinal Integrity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100479. [PMID: 31614770 PMCID: PMC6826635 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The catabolism of C3G in the gastrointestinal tract could produce bioactive phenolic metabolites, such as protocatechuic acid, phloroglucinaldehyde, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid, which enhance C3G bioavailability and contribute to both mucosal barrier and microbiota. To get an overview of the function and mechanisms of C3G and its phenolic metabolites, we review the accumulated data of the absorption and catabolism of C3G in the gastrointestine, and attempt to give crosstalk between the phenolic metabolites, gut microbiota, and mucosal innate immune signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Tan
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yanli Li
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Shusong Wu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Zhou W, Liang X, Dai P, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Lu L, Jin C, Lin X. Alteration of Phenolic Composition in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) by Reducing Nitrogen Supply Enhances its Anti-Proliferative Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4205. [PMID: 31466217 PMCID: PMC6747510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of vegetables rich in phenolic compounds has become a useful method to reduce the risk of developing several types of cancer. This study investigated the potential relationship between the alteration of phenolic compounds in lettuce induced by reduced nitrogen supply and its anti-proliferative effects on Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells. Our results showed that phenolic extracts from lettuce grown under low nitrogen conditions (LP) exhibited better anti-proliferative effects against Caco-2 cells, in part, by interfering with the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, compared with those from lettuce supplied with adequate nitrogen. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and correlation analysis indicated that the better anticancer activity of LP may be not only related to the increased phenolic content, but also associated with the increased percentage contribution of quercetin to total phenolics. Taken together, alteration of phenolic composition by reduced nitrogen supply can be an effectively strategy for the development of healthy vegetables as anticancer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peibin Dai
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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26
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Mazewski C, Kim MS, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit immune checkpoints in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11560. [PMID: 31399602 PMCID: PMC6689002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to assess anti-progression and stimulatory immune response effects among anthocyanins (ANC) and their metabolites on human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico. Pure phenolics including delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G) and its metabolites, delphinidin (DC) and gallic acid (GA), were tested alone or in combination, on HCT-116 and HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells (100-600 µg/mL). HCT-116 and HT-29 50% inhibition concentrations (µg/mL) were 396 ± 23 and 329 ± 17 for D3G; 242 ± 16 and >600 for DC; and 154 ± 5 and 81 ± 5 for GA, respectively. Using molecular docking, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) showed the highest potential to inhibit immune checkpoints: programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) (-6.8 kcal/mol) and programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) (-9.6 kcal/mol). C3G, D3G, DC, GA, and D3G-rich extracts decreased PD-L1 protein expression in HCT-116 cells. C3G decreased PD-L1 fluorescence intensity by 39%. ANC decreased PD-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in monoculture by 41% and 55%, and co-culture with HCT-116 and HT-29 cells by 39% and 26% (C3G) and 50% and 51% (D3G), respectively. D3G and C3G, abundant in plant foods, showed potential for binding with and inhibiting immune checkpoints, PD-1 and PD-L1, which can activate immune response in the tumor microenvironment and induce cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Mazewski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Morgan Sanha Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
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Fernandez-Aulis F, Hernandez-Vazquez L, Aguilar-Osorio G, Arrieta-Baez D, Navarro-Ocana A. Extraction and Identification of Anthocyanins in Corn Cob and Corn Husk from Cacahuacintle Maize. J Food Sci 2019; 84:954-962. [PMID: 30994936 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pigmented maize has been extensively studied due to its high anthocyanin content. This study has been focused mainly on kernel, although the whole plant of purple corn is a potential source of anthocyanins. First, general parameters of extraction (solvent system, solvent-to-solid ratio, number of extractions, and acid type) were established depending on the total anthocyanins content. Then, three extraction methods to access anthocyanins were compared: maceration extraction (ME), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Since the residual material still possessed an intense color, a further treatment was performed by application of enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE). Three enzymatic cocktails (Xylanases, Celluclast, and Depol), pH, and temperature were evaluated to establish optimal reaction conditions. Subsequent analysis and identification of the anthocyanins obtained by four different extraction techniques were performed using HPLC and HPLC-mass spectrometry, respectively. The most efficient method was UAE using 20 min of ultrasound (100 W) preceded by sample treatment in the following conditions: ethanol/water/lactic acid mixture (80:19:1), two extractions, 1:10 solvent-to-solid ratio. As a result, anthocyanins from corn cob and corn husk were extracted at concentrations of 24.32 and 25.80 mg/gDW, respectively. No difference in the anthocyanins profile for samples extracted by three different methods was observed. However, an enhanced presence of cyanidin-3-(6''malonyl)glucoside was detected in the sample corresponding to the EAE method. Therefore, the Cahuacintle corn husk can be considered as a competitive source of anthocyanins with the available commercial sources. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The by-products obtained from Cacahuacintle purple corn can be potentially used as natural colorants thanks to their anthocyanins content. In this work, we established the most efficient extraction method of anthocyanins from corn husk and corn cob, and demonstrated that their anthocyanins profile is comparable to other Peruvian purple corns, which are currently used as natural colorants. Therefore, the extraction procedure described in this study might be scaled-up in an industrial process to get access to anthocyanins from undervalued wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fernandez-Aulis
- Dept. of Food and Biotechnology, Facultad de Química, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México., C.P, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Aguilar-Osorio
- Dept. of Food and Biotechnology, Facultad de Química, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México., C.P, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Arrieta-Baez
- CNMN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, s/n Unidad Prof. Adolfo López Mateos Gustavo A. Madero, C.P, 07738, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Navarro-Ocana
- Dept. of Food and Biotechnology, Facultad de Química, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México., C.P, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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Relationship of phenolic composition of selected purple maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes with their anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetic potential. Food Chem 2019; 289:739-750. [PMID: 30955674 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between phenolic composition of selected purple maize genotypes and their anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetic properties in vitro. Anthocyanin-rich water extracts (PMWs) from 20 purple maize genotypes were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes under different conditions. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pr3G), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G) and corresponding acylated forms were major anthocyanins in PMW, accompanied by ten tentatively identified non-anthocyanin phenolics. Correlation studies showed that C3G, P3G, and derivatives, but not Pr3G and its acylated form contributed to the biological properties of PMW. Besides anthocyanins, quercetin, luteolin, and rutin were the dominant anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic components, in terms of down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediator production in inflamed macrophages and adipocytes, modulating diabetes-related key enzymes and improving insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adipocytes. Quercetin and phenolic acids, especially vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid, were closely associated with anti-adipogenic properties of PMW via inhibition of the preadipocyte-adipocyte transition.
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Lin Y, Li B, Zhao J, Wei L, Wang Y, Wang M, Dia VP, Meng X. Combinatorial effect of blueberry extracts and oxaliplatin in human colon cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17242-17253. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- Department of Food Science The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Lulu Wei
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Vermont P. Dia
- Department of Food Science The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
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Wang Y, Lin J, Tian J, Si X, Jiao X, Zhang W, Gong E, Li B. Blueberry Malvidin-3-galactoside Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Metastasis Pathways In Vivo and In Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:625-636. [PMID: 30586992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin, a natural antioxidant, is reported to have cytotoxicity against cancer cells; however, the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which malvidin-3-galactoside (M3G), the prominent anthocyanin in blueberry, suppresses the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In vitro, M3G suppressed the proliferation, polarization, migration, and invasion activities of HepG2 cells by regulating the protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin B, cyclin E, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, p-JNK, and p-p38, activating phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), accompanied by a decrease in the p-AKT level, and lowering the protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In vivo, M3G promoted the apoptosis of liver tumor cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry (cleaved caspase-3, Ki-67, PTEN, and p-AKT), a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Overall, these results suggest that M3G, as an adjuvant ingredient or nutritional supplement, may be beneficial for liver cancer prevention and the modulatory mechanism seems to be associated with inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 100866 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 100866 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 100866 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 100866 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Jiao
- College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 100866 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 100866 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ersheng Gong
- College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 100866 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 100866 , People's Republic of China
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31
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UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS²-Based Identification and Antioxidant Activity Assessment of Phenolic Compounds from Red Corn Cob ( Zea mays L.). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061425. [PMID: 29895792 PMCID: PMC6100245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from red corn cob was carried out using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The solid:liquid ratio and extraction time were evaluated when obtaining these bioactive compounds. The total phenolic contents were evaluated using the Folin Ciocalteu method, while the antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays. The amount of phenolic compounds ranged from 215.17 ± 33.49 to 527.33 ± 103.79 GAE mg/100 g and, overall, high solid:liquid ratios and time periods release more phenolic compounds. Moreover, the red corn cob extracts showed higher radical scavenging capacity according to the results obtained using the ABTS•+ technique compared to the DPPH• test. The coupling of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assay allowed the determination of 11 phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. Thus, our results demonstrated for the first time the potential of red corn cob as a source of bioactive compounds, which might be included in food and pharmacological preparations.
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32
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Shu G, Hao J, Li W, Zhang L, Qiu Y, Yang X. Liensinine suppresses STAT3-dependent HK2 expression through elevating SHP-1 to induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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33
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Olejnik A, Kaczmarek M, Olkowicz M, Kowalska K, Juzwa W, Dembczyński R. ROS-modulating anticancer effects of gastrointestinally digested Ribes nigrum L. fruit extract in human colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Ongkowijoyo P, Luna-Vital DA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Extraction techniques and analysis of anthocyanins from food sources by mass spectrometry: An update. Food Chem 2018; 250:113-126. [PMID: 29412900 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in methods of sample preparation and analytical methodologies for the quantification of anthocyanins and their extraction from food sources. Various methods for sample extraction and purification are highlighted and evaluated. The use of UV-diode array, along with improved liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) and/or the combination of both methods have facilitated the identification of analytes. The use of one-dimensional and two-dimensional HPLC has significantly improved resolution with a shorter amount of time. Other LC × LC combinations to improve orthogonality are also discussed. The most efficient anthocyanin extraction method from food sources is pressurized liquid extraction. Moreover, electrospray ionization (ESI) and MS2/time-of-flight are currently the most popular instruments used for identification of anthocyanins; being positive mode of ESI the most widely used procedure for anthocyanin identification. Several databases for mass spectrometry polyphenol identification have been described for reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ongkowijoyo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States.
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35
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Miñon-Hernández D, Villalobos-Espinosa J, Santiago-Roque I, González-Herrera SL, Herrera-Meza S, Meza-Alvarado E, Bello-Pérez A, Osorio-Díaz P, Chanona-Pérez J, Méndez-Méndez JV, Acosta-Mesa HG, Chavez-Servia JL, Azuara-Nieto E, Guzmán-Gerónimo RI. Biofunctionality of native and nano-structured blue corn starch in prediabetic Wistar rats. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1422279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arturo Bello-Pérez
- Center for Development of Biotic Products, National Polytechnic Institute, Yautepec, México
| | - Perla Osorio-Díaz
- Center for Development of Biotic Products, National Polytechnic Institute, Yautepec, México
| | - Jorge Chanona-Pérez
- National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, México City, México
| | | | | | - Jose Luis Chavez-Servia
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center for Integrated Regional Development, Oaxaca Unit, Oaxaca, México
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Mazewski C, Liang K, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Comparison of the effect of chemical composition of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts on colon cancer cell proliferation and their potential mechanism of action using in vitro, in silico, and biochemical assays. Food Chem 2017; 242:378-388. [PMID: 29037704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the anti-proliferative effect of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts on human colon cancer cells and determine their mechanism of action. Eleven extracts were tested: red (RG) and purple grape, purple sweet potato, purple carrot, black and purple bean, black lentil (BL), black peanut, sorghum (SH), black rice, and blue wheat. HCT-116 and HT-29 inhibition correlated with total phenolics (r=0.87 and 0.77, respectively), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside concentration with HT-29 inhibition (r=0.69). The concentration inhibition fifty (IC50) for BL, SH, RG on HT-29 and HCT-116 cell proliferation ranged 0.9-2.0mg/mL. Extracts decreased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin, cIAP-2, XIAP), induced apoptosis, and arrested cells in G1. Anthocyanins exhibited tyrosine kinase inhibitory potential in silico and biochemically; cyanidin-3-O-glucoside had one of the highest binding affinities with all kinases, especially ABL1 (-8.5kcal/mol). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside inhibited EGFR (IC50=0.10 and 2.37µM, respectively). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the most potent anthocyanin on kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Mazewski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Katie Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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