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Wal P. Phytochemicals and their Potential Mechanisms against Insulin Resistance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e081123223322. [PMID: 37946350 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998262924231020083353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin's inception dates back to 1921 and was unveiled through a momentous revelation. Diabetes is a dangerous, long-term disease in which the body fails to generate enough insulin or utilize the insulin it creates adequately. This causes hyperglycemia, a state of high blood sugar levels, which can even put a person into a coma if not managed. Activation of the insulin receptor corresponds to two crucial metabolic functions, i.e., uptake of glucose and storage of glycogen. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exists as one of the most challenging medical conditions in the 21st century. The sedentary lifestyle and declining quality of food products have contributed to the rapid development of metabolic disorders. Hence, there is an urgent need to lay some reliable, significant molecules and modalities of treatment to combat and manage this epidemic. In this review, we have made an attempt to identify and enlist the major phytoconstituents along with the associated sources and existing mechanisms against insulin resistance. The conducted study may offer potential sustainable solutions for developing and formulating scientifically validated molecules and phytoconstituents as formulations for the management of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PHARMACY), NH19 Kanpur, Agra Highway, Bhauti Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
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2
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Panara A, Gikas E, Tzavellas I, Thomaidis NS. Comprehensive HRMS Chemical Characterization of Pomegranate-Based Antioxidant Drinks via a Newly Developed Suspect and Target Screening Workflow. Molecules 2023; 28:4986. [PMID: 37446648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants play a significant role in human health, protecting against a variety of diseases. Therefore, the development of products with antioxidant activity is becoming increasingly prominent in the human lifestyle. New antioxidant drinks containing different percentages of pomegranate, blackberries, red grapes, and aronia have been designed, developed, and manufactured by a local industry. The comprehensive characterization of the drinks' constituents has been deemed necessary to evaluate their bioactivity. Thus, LC-qTOFMS has been selected, due to its sensitivity and structure identification capability. Both data-dependent and -independent acquisition modes have been utilized. The data have been treated according to a novel, newly designed workflow based on MS-DIAL and MZmine for suspect, as well as target screening. The classical MS-DIAL workflow has been modified to perform suspect and target screening in an automatic way. Furthermore, a novel methodology based on a compiled bioactivity-driven suspect list was developed and expanded with combinatorial enumeration to include metabolism products of the highlighted metabolites. Compounds belonging to ontologies with possible antioxidant capacity have been identified, such as flavonoids, amino acids, and fatty acids, which could be beneficial to human health, revealing the importance of the produced drinks as well as the efficacy of the new in-house developed workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Panara
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Tzavellas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Salazar-López NJ, Montiel-Herrera M, Martínez-Martínez A, Villegas-Ochoa MA, González-Aguilar GA. Phenolic compounds can induce systemic and central immunomodulation, which result in a neuroprotective effect. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14260. [PMID: 35633197 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation may negatively impact health, particularly that of the central nervous system. Phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules present in fruits and vegetables with potential anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present work is to review the immunomodulatory bioactivities of phenolic compounds in the periphery and in the central nervous system. Results show that various types of phenolics are able to counter diet- or pathogen-induced systemic inflammation (among others) in various models. In vitro data show significant effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids in particular; similar bioactivities were reported in vivo, when administering them as pure compounds or from fruit and vegetable extracts that contain them. In the central nervous system, phenolics counter chronic inflammation and aggressive acute inflammatory processes, such as ischemic events, when administered preemptively and even therapeutically. We therefore conclude that the immunomodulatory potential of phenolic compounds can maintain an adequate immune response; their regular consumption should therefore be prioritized in order to maintain health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The immune response must be carefully regulated in order to avoid its deleterious effects. The present work highlights how phenolic compounds, dietary components ubiquitous in everyday diet, are able to maintain it within an adequate range. As humans are exposed to more proinflammatory stimuli (inadequate dietary pattern, mental stress, environmental pollution, chronic diseases, etc.), it becomes necessary to counter them, and consuming adequate amounts of foods that contain compounds with this ability is a rather simple strategy. Thus, the present work highlights how fruits and vegetables can help to maintain an adequate immune response that can preserve systemic health and that of the central nervous system. Furthermore, specific compounds contained in them can also be ideal candidates for additional in-depth studies, which can potentially lead to the development of potent, targeted, and safe anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norma J Salazar-López
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Mexicali, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
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Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit extract abrogates melanoma progression through boosting up IFN-γ-producing cells. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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5
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Lackner S, Sconocchia T, Ziegler T, Passegger C, Meier-Allard N, Schwarzenberger E, Wonisch W, Lahousen T, Kohlhammer-Dohr A, Mörkl S, Derler M, Strobl H, Holasek SJ. Immunomodulatory Effects of Aronia Juice Polyphenols-Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Human Intervention Study and Cell Culture Experiments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1283. [PMID: 35883769 PMCID: PMC9312026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols, which are present in Aronia melanocarpa, have been associated with various beneficial effects on human health including antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. We aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of aronia juice polyphenols in a randomized placebo-controlled human intervention study and cell culture experiments. A total of 40 females were asked to consume either 200 mL of aronia juice or a placebo drink for six weeks and were investigated again after a washout period of another six weeks. We observed that only half of the participants tolerated the aronia juice well (Vt) and the other half reported complaints (Vc). The placebo (P) was generally tolerated with one exception (p = 0.003). Plasma polyphenol levels increased significantly in Vt after the intervention (p = 0.024) but did neither in P nor in Vc. Regulatory T cell (Treg) frequencies remained constant in Vt and P during the intervention, whereas Tregs decreased in Vc (p = 0.018). In cell culture, inhibiting effects of ferulic acid (p = 0.0005) and catechin (p = 0.0393) on the differentiation of Tregs were observed as well as reduced activation of CD4-T cells in ferulic acid (p = 0.0072) and aronia juice (p = 0.0163) treated cells. Interestingly, a CD4+CD25-FoxP3+ cell population emerged in vitro in response to aronia juice, but not when testing individual polyphenols. In conclusion, our data strengthen possible individual hormetic effects, the importance of the food matrix for bioactivity, and the need for further investigations on possible impacts of specific physiological features such as the gut microbiota in the context of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Tommaso Sconocchia
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Ziegler
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
- Juice Plus+ Science Institute, Collierville, TN 38017, USA
| | - Christina Passegger
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Elke Schwarzenberger
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Theresa Lahousen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.L.); (A.K.-D.); (S.M.)
| | - Alexandra Kohlhammer-Dohr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.L.); (A.K.-D.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.L.); (A.K.-D.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Derler
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Sandra Johanna Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (T.S.); (T.Z.); (C.P.); (N.M.-A.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (H.S.)
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Ren Z, Fang H, Zhang J, Wang R, Xiao W, Zheng K, Yu H, Zhao Y. Dietary Aronia melanocarpa Pomace Supplementation Enhances the Expression of ZO-1 and Occludin and Promotes Intestinal Development in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:904667. [PMID: 35711808 PMCID: PMC9196908 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.904667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fruit juice production byproduct, Aronia melanocarpa pomace (AMP) is rich in natural polyphenol antioxidant components. The objectives of this study were to study the effects of dietary AMP supplementation on the feeding outcome and intestinal barrier function of pigs. In total, 27 growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, ~60 days, average weight of 27.77 ± 2.87 kg, males and females included at random) were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups, with 3 repetitions per group and 3 pigs per repetition. At the experiment completion, 2 pigs (close to the average body weight of all experimental pigs) per replicate were slaughtered. The control group (CON group) was fed a basic diet, and the experimental groups were fed 4% (4% AMP group) and 8% (8% AMP group) AMP in the basic diet. These pigs were prefed for 3 days, and the formal experiments were performed for 7 weeks. The results showed that compared with the CON diet, the 4% AMP supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain of pigs (P < 0.05). Regarding intestinal development, 4% AMP significantly increased the jejunal villus height/crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05), and different AMP levels had no significant effect on the pig cecum morphology. Different AMP levels significantly decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). Regarding other microbial genera, 4% AMP supplementation significantly increased the levels of Lachnospira, Solobacterium, Romboutsia and other beneficial microorganisms (P < 0.05). Different AMP levels significantly decreased the relative abundances of the opportunistic pathogens Escherichia-Shigella and Pseudoscardovia (P < 0.05) and increased the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in the pig cecal contents (P < 0.05). Compared with the CON treatment, 4% AMP supplementation significantly downregulated the jejunal gene expression of porcine proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and significantly upregulated the jejunal gene expression of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 4% AMP supplementation in feed is beneficial to overall pig health and growth.
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Teneva D, Pencheva D, Petrova A, Ognyanov M, Georgiev Y, Denev P. Addition of Medicinal Plants Increases Antioxidant Activity, Color, and Anthocyanin Stability of Black Chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa) Functional Beverages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030243. [PMID: 35161223 PMCID: PMC8838913 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of the addition of medicinal plants, such as lady's mantle, lavender, rosehip, and meadowsweet, on the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and color intensity of ready-to-drink aronia nectar during pasteurization and long-term storage. Pasteurization caused a significant decrease in anthocyanin content of aronia nectar, which reduced to 20% of the initial value after four months of storage. Herbs provided different protection to aronia anthocyanins that degraded more slowly during the four-month storage compared to pasteurized control without herbs. The addition of medicinal plants enriched aronia nectar with phenolic compounds and increased its antioxidant activity by up to 52% in meadowsweet-aronia nectar. Moreover, it was accompanied by a color intensity magnification due to co-pigmentation of aronia anthocyanins and herbal phenolics. In contrast to anthocyanins, which constantly degraded during the whole period, color intensity began to stabilize after 30 days, demonstrating that co-pigmentation was progressively established during the time and rosehip provided the best stabilization of aronia nectar color. Current research demonstrates for the first time that medicinal plants such as lady's mantle, rosehip, and especially meadowsweet can be used to increase antioxidant activity, color, and anthocyanin stability of black chokeberry functional beverages.
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Vahapoglu B, Erskine E, Gultekin Subasi B, Capanoglu E. Recent Studies on Berry Bioactives and Their Health-Promoting Roles. Molecules 2021; 27:108. [PMID: 35011338 PMCID: PMC8747047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the increased knowledge about the positive health effects of food bioactives, the eating habits of many individuals have changed to obtain higher nutritional benefits from foods. Fruits are among the most preferred food materials in this regard. In particular, berry fruits are important sources in the diet in terms of their high nutritional content including vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Berry fruits have remedial effects on several diseases and these health-promoting impacts are associated with their phenolic compounds which may vary depending on the type and variety of the fruit coupled with other factors including climate, agricultural conditions, etc. Most of the berries have outstanding beneficial roles in many body systems of humans such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Furthermore, they are effective on some metabolic disorders and several types of cancer. In this review, the health-promoting effects of bioactive compounds in berry fruits are presented and the most recent in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies are discussed from a food science and nutrition point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Vahapoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
| | - Ezgi Erskine
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
| | - Busra Gultekin Subasi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
- Hafik Kamer Ornek Vocational School, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
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Miłek M, Grabek-Lejko D, Stępień K, Sidor E, Mołoń M, Dżugan M. The enrichment of honey with Aronia melanocarpa fruits enhances its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential and intensifies its antibacterial and antiviral properties. Food Funct 2021; 12:8920-8931. [PMID: 34606549 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02248b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of adding the chokeberry fruit additive to rape honey was studied with regard to the physicochemical properties and biological activity. Two samples of dried powdered fruits were used to enrich the honey (1 and 4% v/v) during creaming. The obtained products were characterized in terms of sugar content, acidity, conductivity, total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and HPTLC polyphenol profiles. The antioxidant properties of enriched honeys were studied in vitro (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) and in vivo using a S. cerevisiae model. The inhibitory effect against 5 bacterial strains and coronavirus surrogate bacteriophage phi6 was tested. The addition of chokeberry significantly modified the physicochemical properties of honey and enhanced its antioxidant potential (from 3 to 15 times). Using HPTLC analysis, the occurrence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins in chokeberry enriched honey was determined. The modified honey protected yeast cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress when used as a pretreatment agent. All tested bacteria were susceptible to enriched honey in a dose-dependent manner. The antiviral potential of enriched honey against the model bacteriophage was discovered for the first time. In terms of numerous health benefits determined, honey enriched with Aronia melanocarpa fruits can be considered as an interesting novel functional food, which may increase the consumption of chokeberry superfruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Miłek
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1a St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Grabek-Lejko
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Stępień
- Department of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Sidor
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1a St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Department of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Dżugan
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1a St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
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Stankiewicz B, Cieślicka M, Kujawski S, Piskorska E, Kowalik T, Korycka J, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress balance in young footballers- a randomized double-blind trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:44. [PMID: 34098993 PMCID: PMC8185910 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive physical exercise that competitive sports athletes participate in can negatively affect their pro-oxidative-antioxidant balance. Compounds with high antioxidant potential, such as those present in chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), can prevent these adverse changes. We here investigated the effect of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress balance in young footballers. METHODS The study was designed as a double-blind randomized trial. Diet of a group of young football players (male; n = 20; mean age, 15.8 years-old) was supplemented with 200 ml of chokeberry juice per day, for 7 weeks. The players were randomly assigned to the experimental (supplemented, FP-S; n = 12) and control (placebo, FB-C; n = 8) groups. Before and after the supplementation period, the participants performed a beep test. Venous blood was sampled for serum analysis before, immediately after, 3 h, and 24 h after the beep test. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total antioxidant capacity, iron, hepcidin, ferritin, myoglobin, and albumin, and morphological blood parameters (red blood cells, (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and lactic acid) were determined. RESULTS Chokeberry juice supplementation did not significantly affect the outcome of the beep test. The supplementation did not significantly affect any of the morphological, biochemical, or performance parameters analysed. CONCLUSIONS Chokeberry juice supplementation did not affect the measured parameters in the studied population, which may indicate insufficient antioxidant capacity of the juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Stankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 2 Sportowa Str., 85-091, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cieślicka
- Department of Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza Str, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Curie Skłodowskiej Str., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Piskorska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Curie Skłodowskiej Str., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalik
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 2 Sportowa Str., 85-091, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Korycka
- Institute of Food Sciences and Agrotechnics, University of Zielona Góra, Off-Campus Faculty in Sulechów, Pałac Kalsk - Kalsk 67, 66-100, Sulechów, Poland
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wielkopolski, 13 Estkowskiego Str, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland.
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Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Meraya AM, Ahsan W, Mohan S, Taha MME, Khalid A. Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637553. [PMID: 34054806 PMCID: PMC8155592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body’s defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique A Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M E Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Microbiological and Chemical Properties of Chokeberry Juice Fermented by Novel Lactic Acid Bacteria with Potential Probiotic Properties during Fermentation at 4 °C for 4 Weeks. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040768. [PMID: 33916805 PMCID: PMC8065681 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
On the frame of this research survey, a novel potentially probiotic strain (Lactobacillus paracasei SP5) recently isolated from kefir grains was evaluated for chokeberry juice fermentation. Chokeberry juice was retrieved from the variety Aronia melanocarpa, a plant known to provide small, dark berries and to be one of the richest sources of antioxidants. The juice was subsequently fermented inoculating L. paracasei SP5 for 48 h at 30 °C. The fermented juices were left at 4 °C and tested regarding microbiological and physicochemical characteristics for 4 weeks. The potentially probiotic strain was proved capable of performing lactic acid fermentation at 30 °C. Cell viability of L. paracasei was detected in high levels during fermentation and the whole storage period, while the fermented juice showed higher levels of viability in juice with 40.3 g/L of initial sugar concentration. No ethanol was detected in the final fermented juice. Fermented chokeberry juice was characterized by aromatic desirable volatiles, which were retained in adequate levels for the whole storage period. Specifically, the occurrence of organic esters detected in fermented juices is considered as positive evidence of the provision of fruity and floral notes to the final product. During storage, total phenolics content and antioxidant activity were observed in higher levels in fermented chokeberry juice compared with non-fermented juice. Subsequently, fermentation of chokeberry juice by potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria could provide high industrialization potential, providing the market with a nutritional beverage of good volatile quality with an enhanced shelf-life compared with an unfermented fresh juice.
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Gajić D, Saksida T, Koprivica I, Šenerović L, Morić I, Šavikin K, Menković N, Pejnović N, Stojanović I. Immunomodulatory activity and protective effects of chokeberry fruit extract on Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:7793-7803. [PMID: 32808624 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit extracts (CE) are rich in polyphenols and usually exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. We have previously shown that the CE used in this study activated macrophages and stimulated effector T cell differentiation in vitro. When applied orally to healthy mice, CE increased the proportion of CD11c+ dendritic cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. CE-pretreated BALB/c mice readily eradicated orally ingested Listeria monocytogenes as evidenced by a slighter decrease in body weight and number of bacteria recovered from the spleen and reduced spleen size compared to the control infected mice. CE pretreatment in infected mice resulted in higher proportions of CD11b+ macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells both in the gut and the spleen. Phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production and the proportions of activated CD86+ macrophages (CD11b+) and dendritic cells (CD11c+) were also enhanced in CE-pretreated infected mice. Furthermore, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-6 was increased in CE-pretreated infected mice and similar results were obtained in peritoneal macrophages in vitro. This effect of CE was associated with increased phosphorylation of IκB and Notch1 production. Finally, CE pretreatment elevated the proportion of perforin-producing cells in the spleen compared to control infected mice. This study demonstrates that prophylactic treatment with CE leads to more rapid eradication of bacterial infection with L. monocytogenes predominantly through increased activity of myeloid cells in the gut and in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Gajić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivan Koprivica
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Lidija Šenerović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Ivana Morić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Menković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Pejnović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
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