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Wang J, Behl T, Rana T, Sehgal A, Wal P, Saxena B, Yadav S, Mohan S, Anwer MK, Chigurupati S, Zaheer I, Shen B, Singla RK. Exploring the pathophysiological influence of heme oxygenase-1 on neuroinflammation and depression: A study of phytotherapeutic-based modulation. Phytomedicine 2024; 127:155466. [PMID: 38461764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heme oxygenase (HO) system plays a significant role in neuroprotection and reduction of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The system, via isoforms HO-1 and HO-2, regulates cellular redox balance. HO-1, an antioxidant defense enzyme, is highlighted due to its association with depression, characterized by heightened neuroinflammation and impaired oxidative stress responses. METHODOLOGY We observed the pathophysiology of HO-1 and phytochemicals as its modulator. We explored Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed for a comprehensive literature review. Bibliometric and temporal trend analysis were done using VOSviewer. RESULTS Several phytochemicals can potentially alleviate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-induced depressive symptoms. These effects result from inhibiting the MAPK and NK-κB pathways - both implicated in the overproduction of pro-inflammatory factors - and from the upregulation of HO-1 expression mediated by Nrf2. Bibliometric and temporal trend analysis further validates these associations. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggest that antidepressant agents can mitigate neuroinflammation and depressive disorder pathogenesis via the upregulation of HO-1 expression. These agents suppress pro-inflammatory mediators and depressive-like symptoms, demonstrating that HO-1 plays a significant role in the neuroinflammatory process and the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura-140401, Punjab, India; Government Pharmacy College, Seraj-175123, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar-141104, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagawati Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj-11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah-51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, India
| | - Imran Zaheer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi, 11961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India.
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Walia V, Wal P, Mishra S, Agrawal A, Kosey S, Dilipkumar Patil A. Potential role of oxytocin in the regulation of memories and treatment of memory disorders. Peptides 2024; 177:171222. [PMID: 38649032 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is an "affiliative" hormone or neurohormone or neuropeptide consists of nine amino acids, synthesized in magnocellular neurons of paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of hypothalamus. OXT receptors are widely distributed in various region of brain and OXT has been shown to regulate various social and nonsocial behavior. Hippocampus is the main region which regulates the learning and memory. Hippocampus particularly regulates the acquisition of new memories and retention of acquired memories. OXT has been shown to regulate the synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and consolidation of memories. Further, findings from both preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that the OXT treatment improves performance in memory related task. Various trials have suggested the positive impact of intranasal OXT in the dementia patients. However, these studies are limited in number. In the present study authors have highlighted the role of OXT in the formation and retrieval of memories. Further, the study demonstrated the outcome of OXT treatment in various memory and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, UP 209305, India
| | - Shweta Mishra
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ankur Agrawal
- Jai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Sourabh Kosey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Aditya Dilipkumar Patil
- Founder, Tech Hom Research Solutions (THRS), Plot no. 38, 1st floor, opposite to biroba mandir, near ST stand, Satara, Maharashtra 415110, India
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Paliwal A, Jain S, Kumar S, Wal P, Khandai M, Khandige PS, Sadananda V, Anwer MK, Gulati M, Behl T, Srivastava S. Predictive Modelling in pharmacokinetics: from in-silico simulations to personalized medicine. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:181-195. [PMID: 38480460 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2330666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacokinetic parameters assessment is a critical aspect of drug discovery and development, yet challenges persist due to limited training data. Despite advancements in machine learning and in-silico predictions, scarcity of data hampers accurate prediction of drug candidates' pharmacokinetic properties. AREAS COVERED The study highlights current developments in human pharmacokinetic prediction, talks about attempts to apply synthetic approaches for molecular design, and searches several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The article stresses importance of rigorous analysis of machine learning model performance in assessing progress and explores molecular modeling (MM) techniques, descriptors, and mathematical approaches. Transitioning to clinical drug development, article highlights AI (Artificial Intelligence) based computer models optimizing trial design, patient selection, dosing strategies, and biomarker identification. In-silico models, including molecular interactomes and virtual patients, predict drug performance across diverse profiles, underlining the need to align model results with clinical studies for reliability. Specialized training for human specialists in navigating predictive models is deemed critical. Pharmacogenomics, integral to personalized medicine, utilizes predictive modeling to anticipate patient responses, contributing to more efficient healthcare system. Challenges in realizing potential of predictive modeling, including ethical considerations and data privacy concerns, are acknowledged. EXPERT OPINION AI models are crucial in drug development, optimizing trials, patient selection, dosing, and biomarker identification and hold promise for streamlining clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajita Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, India
| | - Madhusmruti Khandai
- Department of Pharmacy, Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Berahmpur, India
| | - Prasanna Shama Khandige
- NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Manglauru, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Manglauru, India
| | - Vandana Sadananda
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- ARCCIM, Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
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Mishra S, Grewal J, Wal P, Bhivshet GU, Tripathi AK, Walia V. Therapeutic potential of vasopressin in the treatment of neurological disorders. Peptides 2024; 174:171166. [PMID: 38309582 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Vasopressin (VP) is a nonapeptide made of nine amino acids synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. VP acts as a neurohormone, neuropeptide and neuromodulator and plays an important role in the regulation of water balance, osmolarity, blood pressure, body temperature, stress response, emotional challenges, etc. Traditionally VP is known to regulate the osmolarity and tonicity. VP and its receptors are widely expressed in the various region of the brain including cortex, hippocampus, basal forebrain, amygdala, etc. VP has been shown to modulate the behavior, stress response, circadian rhythm, cerebral blood flow, learning and memory, etc. The potential role of VP in the regulation of these neurological functions have suggested the therapeutic importance of VP and its analogues in the management of neurological disorders. Further, different VP analogues have been developed across the world with different pharmacotherapeutic potential. In the present work authors highlighted the therapeutic potential of VP and its analogues in the treatment and management of various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Jyoti Grewal
- Maharisi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Pharmacy, Kanpur, India
| | | | | | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Zheng M, Kumar A, Sharma V, Behl T, Sehgal A, Wal P, Shinde NV, Kawaduji BS, Kapoor A, Anwer MK, Gulati M, Shen B, Singla RK, Bungau SG. Revolutionizing pediatric neuroblastoma treatment: unraveling new molecular targets for precision interventions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1353860. [PMID: 38601081 PMCID: PMC11004261 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1353860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent solid tumor in pediatric cases, contributing to around 15% of childhood cancer-related deaths. The wide-ranging genetic, morphological, and clinical diversity within NB complicates the success of current treatment methods. Acquiring an in-depth understanding of genetic alterations implicated in the development of NB is essential for creating safer and more efficient therapies for this severe condition. Several molecular signatures are being studied as potential targets for developing new treatments for NB patients. In this article, we have examined the molecular factors and genetic irregularities, including those within insulin gene enhancer binding protein 1 (ISL1), dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3), receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) and murine double minute 2-tumor protein 53 (MDM2-P53) that play an essential role in the development of NB. A thorough summary of the molecular targeted treatments currently being studied in pre-clinical and clinical trials has been described. Recent studies of immunotherapeutic agents used in NB are also studied in this article. Moreover, we explore potential future directions to discover new targets and treatments to enhance existing therapies and ultimately improve treatment outcomes and survival rates for NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ankush Kumar
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vishakha Sharma
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Anupriya Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Australian Research Consortium in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Dwivedi J, Kumar P, Sachan P, Singh C, Saxena B, Wal A, Wal P. Phyto-pharmacological Potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for Neurological Disorders: Progress and Prospects. Recent Adv Food Nutr Agric 2024; 15:RAFNA-EPUB-139075. [PMID: 38468524 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x289517240222045916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aegle marmelos, an Indian plant, has been extensively utilized by the people of the Indian subcontinent over about 5000 years. The leaves, bark, roots, and fruits, including seeds, are widely used to cure a variety of diseases in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, along with numerous folk medicines. By revealing the existence of significant bioactive chemicals, modern research has effectively substantiated the therapeutic effects of bael. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding A. marmelos geographical distribution, morphology, therapeutic benefits, and phytochemicals found in the bael leaves, fruits, and other parts of the plant that offer a wide range of pharmacological applications in neurological disorders. METHODOLOGY A thorough literature search was conducted using five computerized databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Wiley Online Library (WOL), by using standard keywords "A. marmelos," "Geographical distribution," "Morphological description," "Ethnobotanical Uses," "Phytoconstituents" and "Neuroprotective activities" for review papers published between 1975 and 2023. A small number of earlier review articles focused on phyto-pharmacological potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for neurological disorders. RESULTS According to some research, Aegle marmelos extracts potentially have neuroprotective benefits. This is due to its capacity to alter cellular mechanisms that cause neuronal damage. CONCLUSION Neurodegenerative illnesses usually induce permanent neuronal network loss overall the brain along with the spinal cord (CNS), resulting in chronic functional impairments. The review summarizes the multiple aspects and processes of A. marmelos extract and its components in several models of neurodegenerative diseases such as anxiety, epilepsy, depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and others. MDA, nitrite, TNF-, and IL-6 levels were dramatically elevated, whereas glutathione levels were significantly lowered in the hippocampus of STZ-treated rats. Furthermore, STZ-treated rats showed a substantial drop in catalase activity and an increase in AChE activity, indicating cholinergic hypofunction and neuronal injury. The neuroprotective ability of A. marmelos against STZ-induced oxidative stress and cognitive loss in rats suggests that it has therapeutic relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Dwivedi
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Pharmacy, Bhauti, Kanpur-209305, UP, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, India
| | - Pranjal Sachan
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Pharmacy, Bhauti, Kanpur-209305, UP, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Bhartiyam College of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bhagawati Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Pharmacy, Bhauti, Kanpur-209305, UP, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Pharmacy, Bhauti, Kanpur-209305, UP, India
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Wal P, Wal A, Vig H, Mahmood D, Khan MMU. Potential Applications of Mitochondrial Therapy with a Focus on Parkinson's Disease and Mitochondrial Transplantation. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:147-160. [PMID: 38585467 PMCID: PMC10997929 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Both aging and neurodegenerative illnesses are thought to be influenced by mitochondrial malfunction and free radical formation. Deformities of the energy metabolism, mitochondrial genome polymorphisms, nuclear DNA genetic abnormalities associated with mitochondria, modifications of mitochondrial fusion or fission, variations in shape and size, variations in transit, modified mobility of mitochondria, transcription defects, and the emergence of misfolded proteins associated with mitochondria are all linked to Parkinson's disease. Methods This review is a condensed compilation of data from research that has been published between the years of 2014 and 2022, using search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Results Mitochondrial transplantation is a one-of-a-kind treatment for mitochondrial diseases and deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis. The replacement of malfunctioning mitochondria with transplanted viable mitochondria using innovative methodologies has shown promising outcomes as a cure for Parkinson's, involving tissue sparing coupled with enhanced energy generation and lower oxidative damage. Numerous mitochondria-targeted therapies, including mitochondrial gene therapy, redox therapy, and others, have been investigated for their effectiveness and potency. Conclusion The development of innovative therapeutics for mitochondria-directed treatments in Parkinson's disease may be aided by optimizing mitochondrial dynamics. Many neurological diseases have been studied in animal and cellular models, and it has been found that mitochondrial maintenance can slow the death of neuronal cells. It has been hypothesized that drug therapies for neurodegenerative diseases that focus on mitochondrial dysfunction will help to delay the onset of neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Ankita Wal
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Himangi Vig
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Danish Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
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Sharma A, Sharma C, Sharma L, Wal P, Mishra P, Sachdeva N, Yadav S, Vargas De-La Cruz C, Arora S, Subramaniyan V, Rawat R, Behl T, Nandave M. Targeting the vivid facets of apolipoproteins as a cardiovascular risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38334084 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mostly, cardiovascular diseases are blamed for casualties in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Customarily, dyslipidemia is probably the most prevalent underlying cause of untimely demise in people suffering from RA as it hastens the expansion of atherosclerosis. The engagement of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc., is crucial in the progression and proliferation of both RA and abnormal lipid parameters. Thus, lipid abnormalities should be monitored frequently in patients with both primary and advanced RA stages. An advanced lipid profile examination, i.e., direct role of apolipoproteins associated with various lipid molecules is a more dependable approach for better understanding of the disease and selecting suitable therapeutic targets. Therefore, studying their apolipoproteins is more relevant than assessing RA patients' altered lipid profile levels. Among the various apolipoprotein classes, Apo A1 and Apo B are primarily being focused. In addition, it also addresses how calculating Apo B:Apo A1 ratio can aid in analyzing the disease's risk. The marketed therapies available to control lipid abnormalities are associated with many other risk factors. Hence, directly targeting Apo A1 and Apo B would provide a better and safer option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chakshu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Mishra
- Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Bichpuri, Agra, India
| | - Nitin Sachdeva
- Department of Anesthesia, Mediclinic Aljowhara Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Celia Vargas De-La Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Ravi Rawat
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Delhi, India
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Pandey R, Bisht P, Wal P, Murti K, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. SMAC Mimetics for the Treatment of Lung Carcinoma: Present Development and Future Prospects. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:MRMC-EPUB-137731. [PMID: 38275029 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575269644231120104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, which originate from lung tissue often lead to lung carcinoma and are more likely due to smoking as well as inhaled environmental toxins. It is widely recognized that tumour cells evade the ability of natural programmed death (apoptosis) and facilitates tumour progression and metastasis. Therefore investigating and targeting the apoptosis pathway is being utilized as one of the best approaches for decades. OBJECTIVE This review describes the emergence of SMAC mimetic drugs as a treatment approach, its possibilities to synergize the response along with current limitations as well as future perspective therapy for lung cancer. METHOD Articles were analysed using search engines and databases namely Pubmed and Scopus. RESULT Under cancerous circumstances, the level of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) gets elevated, which suppresses the pathway of programmed cell death, plus supports the proliferation of lung cancer. As it is a major apoptosis regulator, natural drugs that imitate the IAP antagonistic response like SMAC mimetic agents/Diablo have been identified to trigger cell death. SMAC i.e. second mitochondria activators of caspases is a molecule produced by mitochondria, stimulates apoptosis by neutralizing/inhibiting IAP and prevents its potential responsible for the activation of caspases. Various preclinical data have proven that these agents elicit the death of lung tumour cells. Apart from inducing apoptosis, these also sensitize the cancer cells toward other effective anticancer approaches like chemo, radio, or immunotherapies. There are many SMAC mimetic agents such as birinapant, BV-6, LCL161, and JP 1201, which have been identified for diagnosis as well as treatment purposes in lung cancer and are also under clinical investigation. CONCLUSION SMAC mimetics acts in a restorative way in the prevention of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India, 844102
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India, 844102
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India, 844102
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India, 844102
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India, 844102
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Nooreen Z, Wal P, Summaiyya F. A Systemic Review on Nutraceutical Supplements used in the Management of Osteoarthritis. Recent Adv Food Nutr Agric 2024; 15:RAFNA-EPUB-137634. [PMID: 38258782 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x270405231102054920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease. It basically impairs the structural integrity of articulate cartilage and imbalances the catabolic and anabolic signals in the joint. A degenerative disease is characterized by swelling, pain, and joint stiffness. The treatment and management of osteoarthritis are based on analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, whereas the exact cause of OA is not known yet. The negative effects of synthetic medications have led to a daily rise in the usage of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. Clinicians are aware of these treatments, and they also recommend nutraceuticals in addition to the currently preferred therapy. Many in-vitro and in-vivo experiments have been performed in past years to evaluate the function of these on osteoarthritis. The collection of articles was published on search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect. The evaluation covers every potential nutraceutical utilized in osteoarthritis, together with its supporting data and mode of action. The present review discusses nutraceuticals, including devil's claw, vitamin D, boswellic acid, capsaicin, ginger, curcumin, krill oil, ginger, and avocado/soybean unsaponifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfa Nooreen
- Department of Pharmacy, PSIT - Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) Bhauti, Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, PSIT - Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) Bhauti, Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Fariha Summaiyya
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral Informatic and Research Center-1 (IIRC-1) Intergral University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh-226026, India
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Vig H, Ravinandan AP, Vishwas HN, Tyagi S, Rathore S, Wal A, Wal P. An Insight into the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Along with the Novel Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e020523216416. [PMID: 37138437 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230502110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of aberrant myocardial activity and function in the exclusion of those other cardiovascular events, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and severe valve disease, is known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes patients are much more prone to death from cardiovascular illnesses than from any other cause, and they also have a 2-5 fold higher likelihood of acquiring cardiac failure and other complications. OBJECTIVE In this review, the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy is discussed, with an emphasis on the molecular and cellular irregularities that arise as the condition progresses, as well as existing and prospective future treatments. METHOD The literature for this topic was researched utilizing Google Scholar as a search engine. Before compiling the review article, several research and review publications from various publishers, including Bentham Science, Nature, Frontiers, and Elsevier, were investigated. RESULT The abnormal cardiac remodelling, marked by left ventricular concentric thickening and interstitial fibrosis contributing to diastolic impairment, is mediated by hyperglycemia, and insulin sensitivity. The pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has been linked to altered biochemical parameters, decreased calcium regulation and energy production, enhanced oxidative damage and inflammation, and a build-up of advanced glycation end products. CONCLUSION Antihyperglycemic medications are essential for managing diabetes because they successfully lower microvascular problems. GLP-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have now been proven to benefit heart health by having a direct impact on the cardiomyocyte. To cure and avoid diabetic cardiomyopathy new medicines are being researched, including miRNA and stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangi Vig
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH2 Agra Kanpur Highway Kanpur, India
| | - A P Ravinandan
- Sree Siddaganga, College of Pharmacy, BH Road Tumkur Karnataka 572102, India
| | - Hunsur Nagendra Vishwas
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sachin Tyagi
- Bharat Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy Meerut, UP, India
| | - Shruti Rathore
- LCIT School of Pharmacy Near High Court Raipur Road, Bilaspur 495220, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH2 Agra Kanpur Highway Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH2 Agra Kanpur Highway Kanpur, India
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12
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Wal A, Wal P, Vig H, Samad A, Khandai M, Tyagi S. A Systematic Review of Various In-vivo Screening Models as well as the Mechanisms Involved in Parkinson's Disease Screening Procedures. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:124-136. [PMID: 35796452 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220707101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurological ailment. It is also known that it affects practically all other brain components, although only gradually. Animal models are mostly used to test the efficacy of treatment against a specific enzyme and aid in creating a new drug dose. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to highlight in vivo Parkinson's disease screening approaches, as well as the mechanism of action of each drug involved in Parkinson's disease development, and discuss the limitations of each model. In addition, it also sheds light on Parkinson's disease genetic models. METHODS The data for the publication was gathered from databases, such as PubMed, Bentham Science, Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, and Research Gate, after a thorough examination of diverse research findings linked to Parkinson's disease and its screening models. RESULTS Each chemical or drug has a unique mechanism for causing disease, whether through the production of reactive oxygen species or the blockage of the dopamine receptor. Almost every disease symptom, whether physical or behavioral, is covered by each of the constructed models' unique set of indicators and symptoms. CONCLUSION Animal models are typically used to assess a medicine's activity against a specific enzyme and aid in the creation of a new drug dose. The process, restrictions, and mechanisms interfering with the screening, as well as the level of animal suffering, must all be thoroughly reviewed before any model for screening for Parkinson's disease can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Himangi Vig
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Abdul Samad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Sachin Tyagi
- Bharat Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Wal P. Phytochemicals and Their Potential Mechanisms Against Insulin Resistance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 20:CDR-EPUB-135996. [PMID: 37946350 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998262924231020083353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin's inception dates back to 1921 and was unveiled through a momentous revelation. Diabetes is a dangerous, long-term disease in which the body fails to generate enough insulin or utilize the insulin it creates adequately. This causes hyperglycemia, a state of high blood sugar levels, which can even put a person into a coma if not managed. Activation of the insulin receptor corresponds to two crucial metabolic functions, i.e., uptake of glucose and storage of glycogen. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exists as one of the most challenging medical conditions in the 21st century. The sedentary lifestyle and declining quality of food products have contributed to the rapid development of metabolic disorders. Hence, there is an urgent need to lay some reliable, significant molecules and modalities of treatment to combat and manage this epidemic. In this review, we have made an attempt to identify and enlist the major phytoconstituents along with the associated sources and existing mechanisms against insulin resistance. The conducted study may offer potential sustainable solutions for developing and formulating scientifically validated molecules and phytoconstituents as formulations for the management of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PHARMACY) NH19 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti Kanpur Uttar Pradesh, 209305 India
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14
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Babbar R, Vanya, Bassi A, Arora R, Aggarwal A, Wal P, Dwivedi SK, Alolayan S, Gulati M, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Behl T, Ojha S. Understanding the promising role of antibody drug conjugates in breast and ovarian cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21425. [PMID: 38027672 PMCID: PMC10660083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A nascent category of anticancer therapeutic drugs called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) relate selectivity of aimed therapy using chemotherapeutic medicines with high cytotoxic power. Progressive linker technology led to the advancement of more efficacious and safer treatments. It offers neoteric as well as encouraging therapeutic strategies for treating cancer. ADCs selectively administer a medication by targeting antigens which are abundantly articulated on the membrane surface of tumor cells. Tumor-specific antigens are differently expressed in breast and ovarian cancers and can be utilized to direct ADCs. Compared to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, this approach enables optimal tumor targeting while minimizing systemic damage. A cleavable linker improves the ADCs because it allows the toxic payload to be distributed to nearby cells that do not express the target protein, operating on assorted tumors with dissimilar cell aggregation. Presently fifteen ADCs are being studied in breast and ovarian carcinoma preclinically, and assortment of few have already undergone promising early-phase clinical trial testing. Furthermore, Phase I and II studies are investigating a wide variety of ADCs, and preliminary findings are encouraging. An expanding sum of ADCs will probably become feasible therapeutic choices as solo agents or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents. This review accentuates the most recent preclinical findings, pharmacodynamics, and upcoming applications of ADCs in breast and ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Vanya
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Aarti Bassi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ankur Aggarwal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, NH-19 Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Salma Alolayan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 1444411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 20227, Australia
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Bromatology and Toxicology, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, 150001, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, 15001, Peru
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Mishra S, Sahu A, Kaur A, Kaur M, Kumar J, Wal P. Recent Development in the Search for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors based on the Indole Pharmacophore. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:CTMC-EPUB-135771. [PMID: 37909440 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266264206231020111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The signal transduction and cell proliferation are regulated by the epidermal growth factor receptor. The proliferation of tumor cells, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis is inhibited by the epidermal growth factor receptor. Thus, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, glioma, and bladder cancer can be treated by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Although third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are potent drugs, patients exhibit drug resistance after treatment. Thus, the search for new drugs is being continued. Among the different potent epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, we have reviewed the indole-based inhibitors. We have discussed the structure-activity relationship of the compounds with the active sites of the epidermal growth factor receptor receptors, their synthesis, and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - Adarsh Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University Sagar Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Avneet Kaur
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | | | - Jayendra Kumar
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer singh Institite of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, UP, India
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16
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Aziz N, Dash B, Wal P, Kumari P, Joshi P, Wal A. New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathies: An Updated Review on their Pathology, Diagnosis, Mechanism, Screening Techniques, Pharmacological, and Future Approaches. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 20:CDR-EPUB-135386. [PMID: 37867268 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998242299231011181615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the largest problems for global public health is diabetes mellitus (DM) and its micro and macrovascular consequences. Although prevention, diagnosis, and treatment have generally improved, its incidence is predicted to keep rising over the coming years. Due to the intricacy of the molecular mechanisms, which include inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, among others, discovering treatments to stop or slow the course of diabetic complications is still a current unmet need. METHODS The pathogenesis and development of diabetic neuropathies may be explained by a wide variety of molecular pathways, hexosamine pathways, such as MAPK pathway, PARP pathway, oxidative stress pathway polyol (sorbitol) pathway, cyclooxygenase pathway, and lipoxygenase pathway. Although diabetic neuropathies can be treated symptomatically, there are limited options for treating the underlying cause. RESULT Various pathways and screening models involved in diabetic neuropathies are discussed, along with their possible outcomes. Moreover, both medicinal and non-medical approaches to therapy are also explored. CONCLUSION This study highlights the probable involvement of several processes and pathways in the establishment of diabetic neuropathies and presents in-depth knowledge of new therapeutic approaches intended to stop, delay, or reverse different types of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Aziz
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur-209305, UP, India
| | - Biswajit Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Sciences, ADAMAS University, Kolkata - 700 126, West Bengal, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur-209305, UP, India
| | - Prachi Kumari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur-209305, UP, India
| | - Poonam Joshi
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur-209305, UP, India
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17
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Wal P, Aziz N, Prajapati H, Soni S, Wal A. Current Landscape of Various Techniques and Methods of Gene Therapy through CRISPR Cas9 along with its Pharmacological and Interventional Therapies in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 20:CDR-EPUB-135384. [PMID: 37867274 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998263079231011073803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently referred to as a "lifestyle illness". In 2000, India (31.7 million) had the greatest global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, followed by China (20.8 million), the United States (17.7 million), and other countries. In recent years, the treatment of gene therapy (T2DM) has attracted intensive interest. OBJECTIVE We aimed to critically review the literature on the various techniques and methods, which may be a possible novel approach through the gene therapy CRISPR Cas9 and some other gene editing techniques for T2DM. Interventional and pharmacological approaches for the treatment of T2DM were also included to identify novel therapies for its treatment. METHOD An extensive literature survey was done on databases like PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct and Springer. CONCLUSION It can be concluded from the study that recent advancements in gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR Cas9, have opened new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for T2DM. CRISPR Cas9 is a powerful tool that enables precise and targeted modifications of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
| | - Namra Aziz
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
| | - Harshit Prajapati
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
| | - Shashank Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
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18
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Dwivedi J, Wal P, Dash B, Ovais M, Sachan P, Verma V. Diabetic Pneumopathy- A Novel Diabetes-associated Complication: Pathophysiology, the Underlying Mechanism and Combination Medication. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:EMIDDT-EPUB-134811. [PMID: 37817659 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303265960230926113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "diabetic lung" has been identified as a possible target organ in diabetes, with abnormalities in ventilation control, bronchomotor tone, lung volume, pulmonary diffusing capacity, and neuroadrenergic bronchial innervation. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes studies related to diabetic pneumopathy, pathophysiology and a number of pulmonary disorders including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODOLOGY Electronic searches were conducted on databases such as Pub Med, Wiley Online Library (WOL), Scopus, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using standard keywords "diabetes," "diabetes Pneumopathy," "Pathophysiology," "Lung diseases," "lung infection" for review articles published between 1978 to 2023 very few previous review articles based their focus on diabetic pneumopathy and its pathophysiology. RESULTS Globally, the incidence of diabetes mellitus has been rising. It is a chronic, progressive metabolic disease. The "diabetic lung" may serve as a model of accelerated ageing since diabetics' rate of respiratory function deterioration is two to three-times higher than that of normal, non-smoking people. CONCLUSION Diabetes-induced pulmonary dysfunction has not gained the attention it deserves due to a lack of proven causality and changes in cellular properties. The mechanism underlying a particular lung illness can still only be partially activated by diabetes but there is evidence that hyperglycemia is linked to pulmonary fibrosis in diabetic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Dwivedi
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Biswajit Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, ADAMAS University, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Pranjal Sachan
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
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Gupta D, Wal P, Mishra M, Wal A, Shruti Rathore S, Shanker Pandey S, Saraswat N, Saxena B. Recent Progress in the Understanding and Management of Acute Mountain Sickness: A Narrative Review. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2023; 19:CRCEP-EPUB-134805. [PMID: 37888823 DOI: 10.2174/0127724328237059230919093818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals at higher altitudes may experience a decrease in blood oxygen levels, which can result in a variety of clinical illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and milder but more common acute mountain sickness (AMS). OBJECTIVE This study aims to review the current state of knowledge related to motion sickness, the risk of AMS, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for AMS. METHODS Several databases, including PubMed, Bentham Science, Elsevier, Springer, and Research Gate, were used to compile the data for the article following a thorough analysis of the various research findings connected to acute mountain sickness and motion sickness, along with treatments and prevention. RESULTS This article covers the research on mountain sickness as well as every imaginable form of conventional and alternative medicine. It contains ten medicinal plants that are useful in treating mountain sickness and various other remedies. Additionally, case studies are provided. CONCLUSION Therefore, the information in the paper will help travel medicine specialists better personalize their appropriate care for patients who travel to high-altitude locations. Additionally, all available antiemetic medications, serotonin agonists, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and herbal treatments for motion sickness were discussed. The prevention and consequences of acute mountain sickness are also covered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshi Gupta
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Kanpur, India
| | | | - Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Kanpur, India
| | | | | | - Nikita Saraswat
- Dr. D.Y Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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20
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Dwivedi J, Sachan P, Wal P, Wal A, Rai AK. Current State and Future Perspective of Diabetic Wound Healing Treatment: Present Evidence from Clinical Trials. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 20:CDR-EPUB-134090. [PMID: 37641999 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230828091708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition that is becoming more common and is characterised by sustained hyperglycaemia and long-term health effects. Diabetes-related wounds often heal slowly and are more susceptible to infection because of hyperglycaemia in the wound beds. The diabetic lesion becomes harder to heal after planktonic bacterial cells form biofilms. A potential approach is the creation of hydrogels with many functions. High priority is given to a variety of processes, such as antimicrobial, pro-angiogenesis, and general pro-healing. Diabetes problems include diabetic amputations or chronic wounds (DM). Chronic diabetes wounds that do not heal are often caused by low oxygen levels, increased reactive oxygen species, and impaired vascularization. Several types of hydrogels have been developed to get rid of contamination by pathogens; these hydrogels help to clean up the infection, reduce wound inflammation, and avoid necrosis. This review paper will focus on the most recent improvements and breakthroughs in antibacterial hydrogels for treating chronic wounds in people with diabetes. Prominent and significant side effects of diabetes mellitus include foot ulcers. Antioxidants, along with oxidative stress, are essential to promote the healing of diabetic wounds. Some of the problems that can come from a foot ulcer are neuropathic diabetes, ischemia, infection, inadequate glucose control, poor nutrition, also very high morbidity. Given the worrying rise in diabetes and, by extension, diabetic wounds, future treatments must focus on the rapid healing of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Pranjal Sachan
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - A K Rai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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Wal P, Wal A. CBD: A Potential Lead against Hair Loss, Alopecia, and its Potential Mechanisms. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023:CDDT-EPUB-133046. [PMID: 37475557 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230720153607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, the majority of the population suffers from the problem of hair loss. It leads to disturbed mental health, lower self-confidence, and a lot more problems. A lot of the hair loss therapies available are not reliable and lead to recurrence and side effects after some time. Cannabinoids (CBD) have recently become quite popular for their benefits against hair loss. CBD oil preparations have been used both internally and externally for oral and topical use, respectively. Due to the presence of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the body, which naturally targets CB1 and CB2 receptors, the control of hair fall is possible. CBD is used topically for hair loss, whereas it is administered orally for the treatment and management of a medical condition, i.e., alopecia. AIM/OBJECTIVE The present review aimed to provide an in-depth study on hair loss and its management using CBD and its associated mechanisms. METHODS Electronic databases, such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley, Springer, and Scopus, were thoroughly searched for information about how CBD is used, how it works, and what role it plays in treating alopecia and hair loss. RESULTS This review has highlighted the use of CBD-based hair loss therapy, and described various types of hair loss and their treatments. This review also details the phytocannabinoids and the potential mechanisms of CBD's activity against hair loss and alopecia. CONCLUSION The data obtained from the literature regarding CBD and hair loss provide a scientific basis for CBD use in alopecia. Additionally, a more precise and comprehensive study concerning CBD needs to be carried out at the pre-clinical and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of technology (Pharmacy) NH19 Bhaunti Kanpur
| | - Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of technology (Pharmacy) NH19 Bhaunti Kanpur
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Wal P, Rathore S, Aziz N, Singh YK, Gupta A. Aortic stenosis: a review on acquired pathogenesis and ominous combination with diabetes mellitus. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:26. [PMID: 37027109 PMCID: PMC10082141 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease, with no pharmacological treatment. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among AS patients is higher than in the general population. DM significantly increases the risk of AS development and progression from mild to severe. The interplay between AS and DM's mechanism is not entirely known yet. MAIN BODY The increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was linked to increased valvular oxidative stress, inflammation, expression of coagulation factors, and signs of calcification, according to an analysis of aortic stenotic valves. It is interesting to note that in diabetic AS patients, valvular inflammation did not correlate with serum glucose levels but rather only with long-term glycemic management markers like glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, which has been shown to be safer than surgical aortic valve replacement, is advantageous for AS patients who also have concurrent diabetes. Additionally, novel anti-diabetic medications have been proposed to lower the risk of AS development in DM patients, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that target reduction of AGEs-mediated oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS There are little data on the effects of hyperglycemia on valvular calcification, but understanding the interactions between them is essential to develop a successful treatment strategy to stop or at least slow the progression of AS in DM patients. There is a link among AS and DM and that DM negatively impacts the quality of life and longevity of AS patients. The sole successful treatment, despite ongoing efforts to find new therapeutic modalities, involves aortic valve replacement. More research is required to find methods that can slow the advancement of these conditions, enhancing the prognosis and course of people with AS and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India.
| | - Shruti Rathore
- LCIT School of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495220, India
| | - Namra Aziz
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Yash Kumar Singh
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Arpit Gupta
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
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Mohan S, Wal P, Pathak K, Khandai M, Behl T, Alhazmi HA, Khuwaja G, Khalid A. Nanosilver-functionalized polysaccharides as a platform for wound dressing. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:54385-54406. [PMID: 36961636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides that are naturally sourced have enormous promise as wound dressings, due to their wider availability and reasonable cost and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, nanosilver extensively applied in wound treatment is attributed to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial effects and lesser drug resistance. Consequently, wound dressings in corporating nanosilver have attracted wide-scale interest in wound healing, and nanosilver-functionalized polysaccharide-based wound dressings present an affordable option for healing of chronic wounds. This review encompasses preparation methods, classification, and antibacterial performances of nanosilver wound dressings. The prospective research arenas of nanosilver-based wound polysaccharide dressings are also elaborated. The review attempts to include a summary of the most recent advancements in silver nanotechnology as well as guidance for the investigation of nanosilver-functionalized polysaccharide-based wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, National Highway-2, Bhauti Road, Kanpur, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, India
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulrana Khuwaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P. O. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan
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Wal A, Vishnoi G, Gupta D, Srivastava P, Wal P, Rai AK. A Detailed Insight of Monkey Pox Virus Infection in Adolescent. Int J Pharm Investig 2023. [DOI: 10.5530/ijpi.13.2.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Wal A, Wal P, Gupta D, Pandey SS, Krishnan K. A Wholistic Approach to Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Primary Dysmenorrhea. CWHR 2023. [DOI: 10.2174/1573404819666230109105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Primary dysmenorrhea is a prevalent complaint among women nowadays. Primary dysmenorrhea is a painful disorder that occurs during the menstrual cycle. It is described as unpleasant menstrual cramps or period discomfort that occurs without the presence of any pelvic illness. Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common causes of absence from school, work, and social activities. It has an impact on women's daily quality of life.
Objective:
To investigate the efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological treatments for women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea.
Methods:
We looked up information on gynaecology in the Cochrane library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and other databases. We looked at multiple clinical trial databases from the year before as well as systematic reviews that had been done before.
Result:
As per qualitative assessment, non-pharmacological management for primary dysmenorrhea is extremely effective and wonderful for overall health. Primary dysmenorrhea can be treated with any of the approaches outlined in this study.
Conclusion:
The study revealed that non-pharmacological approaches, such as yoga, physical activity, heat treatment, massage therapy, water therapy, dietary supplements, acupressure, aromatherapy, massage therapy, and other non-invasive techniques, have a significant role in the management of dysmenorrhoea. It was observed that women who engage in regular physical activity do not experience severe dysmenorrhea. Additionally, it was discovered in this study that dietary nutrients like vitamin D and other nutraceuticals ameliorate the symptoms of dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (pharmacy) Kanpur
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (pharmacy) Kanpur
| | | | | | - Karthickeyan Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai- 600117, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wal A, Wal P, Vig H, Jain NK, Rathore S, Krishnan K, Srivastava A. Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Current Treatments and Recent Therapeutic Developments. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023; 20:e120523216834. [PMID: 37183475 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230512100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative syndrome defined by a variety of motor, cognitive, and psychomotor dysfunctions. The current pharmaceutical treatment focuses on treating the condition's symptoms. They are primarily concerned with reducing illness symptoms or avoiding dopamine metabolism. As our understanding of disease pathogenesis improves, new therapeutic approaches emerge. OBJECTIVE This article aims to describe the standard Parkinson's medications based on symptoms and requirements. It emphasizes recent advancements in symptomatic therapy for motor indications and achievements in the research and clinical testing of medicines that promise to enable disease modification in patients with already-manifest PD. METHODS Information for this paper was found by looking through Google Scholar and reading several research and review articles from Bentham Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, Frontiers, Taylor & Francis, and other publishers. RESULT Parkinson's disease therapeutic interventions are now limited to symptomatic therapy, mostly in dopaminergic medications and deep brain stimulation (DBS). They have the potential to deliver great therapeutic progress, yet they can also have serious drawbacks that decrease a patient's quality of life. The progress of pluripotent stem cell therapies and genome engineering procedures has sparked renewed hope for the treatment of a wide range of human illnesses, particularly genetic abnormalities. CONCLUSION The current Parkinson's therapy trends are successful and continually evolving, with several drugs currently undergoing clinical trials. As these new therapies constantly coming out and can be used together, they will likely change how Parkinson's disease is treated in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmacy, NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti, Kanpur, 208011, UP, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmacy, NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti, Kanpur, 208011, UP, India
| | - Himangi Vig
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmacy, NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti, Kanpur, 208011, UP, India
| | | | - Shruti Rathore
- LCIT School of Pharmacy, Near High Court Raipur Road, Chichirda, Chhattisgarh 495223, India
| | - Karthickeyan Krishnan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai- 600117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmacy, NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti, Kanpur, 208011, UP, India
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Patangia U, Wal A, Gupta D, Singh I, Wal P. A review of the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Nagkesar (Mesua ferrea Linn). Tradit Med Res 2023. [DOI: 10.53388/tmr20220620001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wal P, Tyagi S, Pal RS, Yadav A, Jaiswal R. A Strategic Investigation on Diabetic Nephropathy; Its Conceptual Model and clinical Manifestations: A Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 19:40-58. [PMID: 35993472 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666220426091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major health issue, and its complications can lead to various health problems. Nephropathy has been recognised since the 1930s, when Kimmelstiel and Wilson first reported the characteristic nodular glomerulosclerosis lesions in diabetic kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), commonly known as diabetic kidney disease, is a condition in which people with diabetes have excessive quantities of urine albumin excretion, diabetic glomerular lesions, and a reduction in their glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Type 1 diabetes (autoimmune -cell destruction and absolute insulin insufficiency), type 2 diabetes (relative insulin deficit and resistance), and others are the three forms of diabetes (e.g., pancreatic disease). Diabetes nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure worldwide. Much research has been conducted in both basic science and clinical therapies to enhance the understanding of the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy and expand available therapeutics. Diabetic nephropathy prevention continues to rely on screening for microalbuminuria and treating hyperglycemia. However, several studies suggest that managing diabetic kidney disease is more challenging. Despite comparable hyperglycemic management, some studies suggest that the incidence of renal problems varies by patient. As a result, there has been a great deal of interest in studying the inherent renal protective effects of various antihyperglycemic drugs. This study aims to provide information about the diabetic kidney disease conceptual model, pathogenesis, screening, and diagnosis. It will also address the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy, focusing on comparing the mechanisms, safety profiles, and efficacy of different antihyperglycemic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Sachin Tyagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Saxena Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Anil Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Riya Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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Wal P, Aziz N, Singh YK, Wal A, Kosey S, Rai AK. Myocardial Infarction as a Consequence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:23-30. [PMID: 37157208 PMCID: PMC10636795 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230508114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is an event of myocardial necrosis caused by unstable ischemic syndrome. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when blood stops flowing to the cardiac tissue or myocardium and the heart muscle gets damaged due to poor perfusion and reduced oxygen supply. Mitochondria can serve as the arbiter of cell fate in response to stress. Oxidative metabolism is the function of mitochondria within the cell. Cardiac cells being highly oxidative tissue generates about 90% of their energy through oxidative metabolism. In this review, we focused on the role of mitochondria in energy generation in myocytes as well as its consequences on heart cells causing cell damage. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress, production of reactive oxygen species, and anaerobic production of lactate as a failure of oxidative metabolism are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
| | - Namra Aziz
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
| | - Yash Kumar Singh
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
| | - Sourabh Kosey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Awani Kumar Rai
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP-209305, India
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Tripathi D, Srivastava M, Rathour K, Rai AK, Wal P, Sahoo J, Tiwari RK, Pandey P. A Promising Approach of Dermal Targeting of Antipsoriatic Drugs via Engineered Nanocarriers Drug Delivery Systems for Tackling Psoriasis. Drug Metab Bioanal Lett 2023; 16:89-104. [PMID: 37534794 DOI: 10.2174/2949681016666230803150329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex autoimmune skin condition with a significant genetic component. It causes skin inflammation and is characterized by flaky, silvery reddish spots that can worsen with age. This condition results from an impaired immunological response of T-cells and affects 2-5% of the global population. The severity of the illness determines the choice of treatment. Topical treatments are commonly used to treat psoriasis, but they can have several adverse effects. Biological therapy is another option for treating specific types of psoriasis. Recently, new nanoformulations have revolutionized psoriasis treatment. Various nanocarriers, such as liposomes, nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, niosomes, and nanoemulsions, have been developed and improved for drug delivery. The use of nanocarriers enhances patient compliance, precise drug delivery, and drug safety. This review aims to suggest new nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for treating psoriasis. It discusses the importance of nanocarriers and compares them to traditional treatments. Anti-psoriatic drugs have also been investigated for cutaneous delivery using nanocarriers. The review also covers various factors that influence dermal targeting. By highlighting several relevant aspects of psoriasis treatment, the review emphasizes the current potential of nanotechnology. Using nanocarriers as a drug delivery technique may be a promising alternative treatment for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Tripathi
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Krislay Rathour
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Awani Kumar Rai
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Jagannath Sahoo
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly, India
| | - Prashant Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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Wal P, Vig H, Wal A, Rathore S, Pandey SS, Jain NK, Srivastava A. Role of Nutraceuticals and Physical Activity in Parkinson's Disease Risk and Lifestyle Management. Curr Aging Sci 2023; 16:170-187. [PMID: 37638586 DOI: 10.2174/1874609816666230515121717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a complicated, gradually progressive neurological illness characterized by locomotor and non-motor symptomatology that impedes daily activities. Despite significant advances in symptomatic therapies with various extents of negative effects, there are currently no disease-modifying medicinal alternatives. Symptoms worsen, creating an additional strain that reduces living quality and creates the perception that prescription drugs are no longer productive. OBJECTIVE Adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help patients feel more empowered, promote wellness, relieve symptoms, and potentially slow neurodegeneration. Nutrition, intellectual stimulation, physical exercise, and stress reduction are all examples of lifestyle habits that improve cognitive health and life satisfaction. We discuss how changes in lifestyle, nutrition, yoga, exercise, and acupuncture can help with managing the disease's symptoms. METHODS We searched Google Scholar for various research papers and review articles from publishers, such as Bentham Science, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Springer Nature, and others for gathering the data for the study. RESULTS Pesticide exposure, environmental hazards, dietary choices, stress, and anxiety all have an indirect or immediate influence on the commencement of Parkinson's disease. Naturopathic remedies, such as nutraceuticals, yoga, exercise, and acupuncture, have been shown to help with Parkinson's disease management. CONCLUSION Various preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the various factors mentioned are beneficial in the management of the disease, but more research is needed to validate the extent to which such factors are beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti Kanpur UP, 209305, India
| | - Himangi Vig
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti Kanpur UP, 209305, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti Kanpur UP, 209305, India
| | - Shruti Rathore
- LCIT School of Pharmacy, Near High Court Raipur Road, Bilaspur, 495220, India
| | | | | | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhauti Kanpur UP, 209305, India
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Jain NK, Tailang M, Kumar S, Chandrasekaran B, Alghazwani Y, Chandramoorthy HC, Kumar A, Deshpande H, Wal P, Balamurugan M, Chidambaram K. Appraising the therapeutical potentials of Alchornea laxiflora (Benth .) Pax & K. Hoffm ., an underexplored medicinal herb: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:958453. [PMID: 36545314 PMCID: PMC9761395 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.958453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant grown in tropical Africa. The stem, leaves, and root have been widely used in the folk medicine systems in Nigeria, Cameroon, South Africa, and Ghana to treat various ailments, including inflammatory, infectious, and central nervous system disorders, such as anxiety and epilepsy. Material and methods: The scientific name of the plant was validated using the "The Plant List," "Kew Royal Botanic Gardens," and Tropicos Nomenclatural databases. The literature search on A. laxiflora was performed using electronic search engines and databases such as Google scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, AJOL, Scopus, and Mendeley. Results: To the best of our knowledge, no specific and detailed review has been reported on A. laxiflora. Consequently, this review provides an up-to-date systematic presentation on ethnobotany, phytoconstituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicity profiles of A. laxiflora. Phytochemical investigations disclosed the presence of important compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and fatty acids. Furthermore, various pharmacological activities and traditional uses reported for this botanical drug were discussed comprehensively. Conclusion: This systemic review presents the current status and perspectives of A. laxiflora as a potential therapeutic modality that would assist future researchers in exploring this African botanical drug as a source of novel drug candidates for varied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nem Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmacy, ITM University, Gwalior, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India,School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Tailang
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- School of Pharmacy, ITM University, Gwalior, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India,Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan,*Correspondence: Balakumar Chandrasekaran, ; Kumarappan Chidambaram,
| | - Yahia Alghazwani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harish C. Chandramoorthy
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemali Deshpande
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | | | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Balakumar Chandrasekaran, ; Kumarappan Chidambaram,
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Wal A, Wal P, Verma N, Pandey SS, Krishnan K, Bhowmick M. Children And Adolescents With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Treatment And Management. Curr Pediatr Rev 2022; 20:CPR-EPUB-127866. [PMID: 36443973 DOI: 10.2174/1573396319666221128094843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that causes stomach pain in children and adolescents. It may also impact one's quality of life. IBS is linked to gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhoea and constipation. Despite the identification of several potential pathophysiological pathways, the aetiology of IBS remained unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to discuss the diagnosis, pathogenesis, case studies and treatment of Irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents. METHOD This systematic review covered relevant papers from the previous ten years that were accessible in Science Direct, Elsevier, NCBI, and Web of Science related to the pathophysiology and function of pharmacological drugs such as antidepressants, antispasmodics, prokinetics, and antibiotics in children with irritable bowel syndrome. RESULT Only a few prospective therapy techniques have been investigated in children, and even fewer of those have been demonstrated to be effective. This article presents case studies including 50-59 children, which demonstrate a favourable acceptable impact that is more effective than a placebo in terms of reducing symptoms and improving the overall quality of life in children who have irritable bowel syndrome. Furthermore, the majority of the pathophysiological explanations and treatment options discussed are based on adult studies. These major issues arose when treating paediatric IBS, and they must be addressed in order to properly treat children with IBS. Trials that focus on many combinations of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies seem to be more helpful. DISCUSSION In recent years, a number of systematic reviews have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of medication treatments in children for IBS; however, the dependability of these systematic reviews needs to be further investigated owing to the various experimental designs and levels of evidence used. This article highlights paediatric therapy options, including pharmaceutical medications such as antidepressants, antispasmodics, prokinetics, and antibiotics. The goal is to alleviate IBS symptoms while also enhancing the quality of life for children with this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology Nh2 kanpur Agra Highway Bhaunti Kanpur UP,India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology Nh2 kanpur Agra Highway Bhaunti Kanpur UP,India
| | - Neha Verma
- Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology Nh2 kanpur Agra Highway Bhaunti Kanpur UP,India
| | | | - Karthickeyan Krishnan
- Vels Institute of Science technology & Advanced studies Pallavaram , Chennai,600117,Tamil Nadu 600117
| | - Mithun Bhowmick
- D101 Shikshak Niketan,campus of Bengal college of Pharmaceutical Sciences and research , Bidhananagar Durgapur,West bengal 713212
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Tiwari P, Soni N, Wal P, Srivastava M. A review of Punarnava’s pharmacological profile focusing on its beneficial and adverse effects. CTM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083809666221104143858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Punarnava is recognized as an essential remedy because it treats a wide range of health problems. It is commonly known as a rejuvenator. Its chemical constituents are all responsible for pharmacological activity in the body in some ways. There is a lot of evidence that the leaves, stems, and roots can be used as medicine.
Objective:
The morphological, chemical, and pharmacological characteristics of Boerhaavia diffusa are discussed in this article. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pharmacological profile of Punarnava and its chemical elements, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of its steroidal component β-Ecdysone.
Method:
This article compiled information by reviewing a variety of published articles and research papers from several sources, including Research Gate, WJPRT, IJPSM, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer Nature, and The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medicine.
Result:
It is a widely used remedy for numerous ailments among diverse cultural groups, Ayurvedic, and traditional practitioners. To some extent, it is used in a variety of formulations to treat sciatica, cancer, immunomodulation, obesity, diabetes, jaundice, inflammation, asthma, rheumatism, nephrological difficulties, ascites, anemia, and gynaecological disorders.
Conclusion:
Herbal medications are becoming increasingly popular nowadays. Punarnava is one of the most beneficial herbs available. More analysis is needed to investigate the impacts of each chemical ingredient in Punarnava. β-Ecdysone is a key component of Punarnava, which is both beneficial and detrimental to humans in different ways. Hence, further research is also needed to emphasize the impacts of each Punarnava chemical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Technology and Sciences, Naini UP, India
| | - Neetu Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Technology and Sciences, Naini UP, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH2 Kanpur Agra Highway Kanpur UP, India
| | - Mayank Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Technology and Sciences, Naini UP, India
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Tiwari G, Yadav D, Singh B, Kumar A, Wal P, Tiwari R. Development and Assessment of Phytophospholipid Nanovesicular Systems for Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy. Pharmacognosy Res 2022. [DOI: 10.5530/pres.14.4.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Wal A, Wal P, Gupta D, Rai AK, Sharma N, Sachan K. Nutraceuticals: New perspective and approach to prevent dysmenorrhea. CNF 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220908102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The term "nutraceutical" is derived from the words "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical." Nutraceuticals, in general, are foods or components of foods that have a significant role in influencing and maintaining optimal physiological function in humans. The nutraceutical market's worldwide expansion is being driven by current demographic and health trends. The first step toward achieving proper control and avoiding mensuration issues is nutritional medical therapy. Moderate weight reduction (7%), taking a proper diet as well as 150 minutes of physical exercise each week are among the lifestyle improvements. There are a variety of pharmacological therapies available for primary dysmenorrhea, but they all have negative effects. Poor food and lifestyle, on the other hand, cause micronutrient deficiencies in women, which play a crucial role in menstrual cycle problems. In this study, the effects of micronutrients and dietary supplements on the level of pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea are looked at.
Objective:
The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of dietary and nutritional supplements with special emphasis on dysmenorrhea. This paper is about understanding and making sense of the details of menstrual pain and how a healthy diet can be used as a treatment to ease or stop menstrual pain.
Methods:
Selection of data has been done by studying a combination of various research and review paper from different database like PubMed, NCBI, Various guidelines of obstetricians and gynecologists, and Web of Science from the year 1942-2021 by using keywords like " pain", "mensuration", ‘role of calcium in dysmenorrhea’, "dietary supplement for dysmenorrhea", "role of magnesium in menstrual cramps", "nutritional requirement for treatment of dysmenorrhea", "soft tissue pain", "mensuration problems", " menstrual cramps", "effective treatment for dysmenorrhea", "herbal treatment for menstrual pain", role of conventional treatment during menstruation pain", "effect of herbal treatment on menstrual pain", "self-care strategies for dysmenorrhea ", " types of pain", "different therapy used to cure menstrual pain".
Results:
Based on various papers and literature reviews, we have reached conclusions about various dietary supplements and herbs that can be used to avoid pain during menstruation, as well as their all-day nutritional requirements for different age groups and treatment efficacy.
Conclusion:
According to current evidence, young women should be instructed in the proper use of dietary supplements, nutrition, and vitamins, as well as the inclusion of effective diet and lifestyle changes such as exercise and a well-balanced diet with adequate nutrition, as these are likely to reduce the negative effects of dysmenorrhea. Menstrual pain is common, although the need for medication and inability to function normally are uncommon. Despite this, at least one out of every four women experiences significant menstrual pain that demands medication and leads them to miss work, social, or academic activities. As a result, traditional therapy for primary dysmenorrhea was determined to have a 20% to 25% failure rate and may be unsuitable or intolerable for certain women. Herbal medicine and nutritional supplements might be a good alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Wal
- Pharmacy ,Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, psit nh2 kanpur agra highway kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pharmocology, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, psit nh2 kanpur agra highway kanpur, India
| | - Divyanshi Gupta
- PHARMACOLOGY, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Psit Nh2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhaunti Kanpur ,India
| | - Awani k Rai
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology , psit nh2 kanpur agra highway kanpur, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology,psit nh2 kanpur agra highway kanpur, India
| | - Kritika Sachan
- Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, psit nh2 kanpur agra highway kanpur, India
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Wal P, Dwivedi J, Kushwaha S, Yadav A, Singh SP, Hanumanthachar KJ. A Comprehensive review on Nutritional and Medicinal properties of
Pleurotus ostreatus: An Oyster Mushroom. CNF 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220901144438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Mushrooms are an important aspect of the human diet, and their popularity has increased over the years. Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) are the most commonly consumed mushrooms by the rural dwellers in South Western Nigeria, perhaps, based on their nutritive value and health-enhancing benefits. Pleurotus is a genus of about 40 mushroom species popularly referred to as "oyster mushrooms." P. ostreatus is one of several Pleurotus species that are widely consumed for their flavour, nutritional value, and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, triterpenoids, lectins, lipids, and their derivatives are all found in the P. ostreatus mushroom, in addition to its essential therapeutic components. P. ostreatus commonly consumed as food or as food supplement have been reported in folklore for their antihypertensive property with limited scientific proof. This review emphasizes the excellent nutritional value of P. ostreatus mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyotsana Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivangi Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K. Joshi Hanumanthachar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sarada Vilas College of Pharmacy, Krishnamurthy Puram, Mysuru, India
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Wal P, Dwivedi J, Wal A, Kushwaha S. Diabetic Patients with COVID-19 Complications: Insights into Prevalence, Prognosis, Combination Medications, and Underlying Mechanisms. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 19:114-130. [PMID: 36028964 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666220825164056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. For people with COVID-19 infection as well as for healthy individuals, blood glucose control is essential. Nowadays, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients. OBJECTIVES We examined the data on the link between diabetes and COVID-19, the pathogenesis of diabetes, and treatment of COVID-19 infection in diabetic patients. METHODS Up until October 2, 2021, the key terms 'COVID-19,' 'SARSCoV2,' 'diabetes,' and 'antidiabetic therapy' were searched in the PubMed database and Google Scholar. The full texts of the articles were accessed. RESULTS Some diseases, for instance, diabetes, are continuously suggested as risk factor which result in the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, to date, there are no comprehensive studies aiming to explain the exact relationship between diabetes and COVID-19. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased incidence and severity in diabetic patients. COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. Blood glucose control is critical not only for COVID-19-infected patients but also for those who do not have the condition. In today's world, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients. CONCLUSION Thus, this study aims to summarize the evidence about diabetes and COVID-19 outbreak through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased incidence and severity in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyotsana Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivangi Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Vora U, Vyas VK, Wal P, Saxena B. Effects of eugenol on the behavioral and pathological progression in the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:154-163. [PMID: 36002316 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's second most common neurological disorder. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. Eugenol is a phytochemical with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation is aimed to study the effect of eugenol in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mouse model of PD and its relationship to antioxidant effect. The effects of seven days of oral pre-treatment and post-treatment with three doses of eugenol (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day) were investigated against the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. In addition to the assessment of behavioural parameters using various tests (actophotometer, beam walking test, catalepsy, rearing, rotarod), biochemical parameters including lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione levels in brain tissues, were also estimated in this study. The binding mode of eugenol in the human myeloid differentiation factor-2 (hMD-2) was also studied. Results showed that MPTP administration in mice resulted in the development of motor dysfunction (impaired motor coordination and hypo locomotion) similar to that of PD in different behavioural studies. Pre-treatment with eugenol reversed motor dysfunction caused by MPTP administration while post-treatment with eugenol at a high dose aggravated the symptoms of akinesia associated with MPTP administration. MPTP resulted in increased lipid peroxidation while decreased reduced glutathione levels in the brains of mice. MPTP-induced increased lipid peroxidation and attenuated levels of reduced glutathione were found to be alleviated with eugenol pre-treatment while augmented with eugenol post-treatment. Eugenol showed a binding affinity of -6.897 kcal/mol against the MD2 coreceptor of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). Biochemical, as well as neurobehavioral studies, showed that eugenol is having a protective effect, but does not have a curative effect on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Vora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacology, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Bhagawati Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Wal P, Wal A, Vig H, Srivastava A, Kumar A. The Structure and Mechanism of Spike Protein, as Well as its Role in Numerous Viral Diseases. Int J Pharm Investig 2022. [DOI: 10.5530/ijpi.2022.2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Wal P, Dwivedi J, Wal A, Vig H, Singh Y. Detailed insight into the pathophysiology and the behavioral complications associated with the Parkinson's disease and its medications. Futur J Pharm Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, as well as other mostly catecholaminergic neurons, causes many of the motor symptoms that define Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is commonly thought of as a movement disorder, the significant prevalence of psychiatric complications such as cognitive impairment, and psychosis suggests it should be considered a neuropsychiatric illness, and all behavioral complications are linked to growing disability and the medication.
Main body
Apart from the disease-induced abnormalities, there are several other side effects of the disease and also from the medication used to prevent the disease. This article focuses on the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and also the behavioral abnormalities caused by the disease and its medication. The study's data were gathered by searching several review articles and research papers from a variety of sources, including Elsevier, PubMed, Research Gate, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, etc., from the year 1985 to 2021. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a variety of complex processes. It is responsible not just for motor symptoms, but also for a variety of behavioral symptoms that can arise as a result of the disease and/or medication.
Conclusion
Only symptomatic drugs are available; thus, finding treatments that directly address the disease mechanisms causing Parkinson’s disease is essential. To alleviate the disease's burden on patients and their families, better treatments for the neuropsychiatric repercussions of Parkinson's disease are required.
Graphical Abstract
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Wal P, Singh P, Sinha A. A detailed review on various herbal treatment options for potentially curing or ameliorating pain in Diabetic neuropathy. CTM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220425102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders associated with hyperglycemia due to deficient insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. During 2008 out of 36 million deaths due to non-communicable diseases, 1.3 million deaths alone were causative of DM, suggesting it to be a significant public health problem, reaching epidemic proportions globally. Diabetic Neuropathy is na common complication of DM. Pathophysiology of DN involves the interplay of metabolic and vascular factors, with the principal factor being hyperglycemia. Since DN is a prevalent, disabling condition associated with nerve injury, efficient treatments include glycaemic control and pain management. The ancient scriptures like Charak Samhita and contemporary pharmacology have corroborated the vast medicinal potential of herbal plants for achieving a more holistic treatment for several ailments. One of the primary objectives of the current review was to provide collective data on the available pharmacological evidence of selective herbal plants for future clinical translation. Besides, the herbal extracts used for the studies need to be standardized as per the standard protocols essential for understanding the intricate effect of specific phytoconstituent on the biomolecular level and for the clinical dose fixation for promoting the reproducibility of results
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy,Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh,India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmacy,Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh,India
| | - Aparna Sinha
- Department of Pharmacy,Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh,India
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Pal RS, Pal Y, Saraswat N, Wal P, Wal A. Recent Perspectives on the context of Current Herbal Medicinal Delivery Systems. CTM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220413084924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Herbal drugs can be used more appropriately, with increased efficacy by using them in modern dosage forms. This can be established with the aid of novel drug delivery systems for herbal ingredients. The present review emphasizes the development of novel herbal formulations and their type of active constituents, along with applications of novel formulations.
Objective:
This article aims to review the various dosage forms in which herbs with their potential can be utilized.
Materials and Methods:
A literature review has been performed on various trending and marketed novel dosage forms carrying the natural benefits of herbal drugs.
Results:
Drugs of Ayurvedic origin can be utilized in a more upright course with enhanced efficacy by incorporating them in modern dosage forms. However, phytotherapeutics need a scientific approach to make the ingredients user-friendly. This can be accomplished by editing novel dosage forms with herbal ingredients.
Conclusion:
Novel dosage forms that combine the benefits of herbs with the benefits of contemporary dosage forms, overcoming the limitations of traditional dosage forms, can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogendra Pal
- Asstt Prof, Pharmacy, Institute of PSIT, Kanpur,209305
| | | | - Pranay Wal
- Assoc Prof, Dean R & D, Institute of Pharmacy, PSIT, Kanpur
| | - Ankita Wal
- Assoc Prof, HOD, Pharmacy, Institute of PSIT, Kanpur, 209305
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Wal P, Saraswat N, Vig H. A detailed insight on the molecular and cellular mechanism of action of the antifungal drugs used in the treatment of superficial fungal infections. CDTH 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220328141054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Dermatomycosis, a type of fungal infection that can infect human skin, hair, and nails; day by day the growth of fungal infections ranging from superficial to systemic infection is alarming. Common causative agents included are Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis species.
Objective:
The effective treatment of the fungal infection includes the use of proper antifungal drug therapy. Antifungal drugs are classified into various classes. This paper focuses on understanding and interpreting the detailed molecular and cellular mechanism of action of various classes of an anti-fungal drug along with their important characteristics along with the safety and efficacy data of individual drugs of the particular class.
Methods:
The data selection for carrying out the respective study has been done by studying the combination of review articles and research papers from different databases like Research Gate, PubMed, MDPI, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Med Crave ranging from the year 1972 to 2019 by using the keywords like “anti-fungal agents”, “dermatophytes”, “cutaneous candidiasis”, “superficial fungal infections”, “oral candidiasis”, “amphotericin”, “echinocandins”, “azoles”, “polyenes” “ketoconazole”, “terbinafine”, “griseofulvin”, “azoles”.
Result:
Based on interpretation, we have concluded that the different classes of antifungal drugs follow the different mechanisms of action and target the fungal cell membrane, and are efficient in reducing fungal disease by their respective mechanism.
Conclusion:
The prevention and cure of fungal infections can be done by oral or topical antifungal drugs that aim to destroy the fungal cell membrane. These drugs show action by their respective pathways that are either preventing the formation of ergosterol or squalene or act by inhibiting β-1,3-glucan synthase enzyme. All the drugs are effective in treating fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Dean & Professor, Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Nikita Saraswat
- Assistant Professor, Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Himangi Vig
- Research Scholar, Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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Wal A, Vig H, Mishra M, Singh R, Rathore S, Tyagi S, Kalita J, Wal P. Phytoniosomes: A Phytoplankton-Derived System for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmacophore 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/da4mxlsbjr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wal A, Khandai M, Vig H, Srivastava P, Agarwal A, Wadhwani S, Wal P. Evidence-Based Treatment, assisted by Mobile Technology to Deliver, and Evidence-Based Drugs in South Asian Countries. Arch Pharm Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/d5zeajvk6x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Wal A, Wal P, Gupta D, Kumar A, Sharma P, Kumar N. Natural products: a rising star for treating primary dysmenorrhea? Tradit Med Res 2022. [DOI: 10.53388/tmr20220410001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Saini AK, Wal P, Wal A, Pal RS, Verma OP. A Narrative Review on Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Patients with Depressive Difficulties. CPRR 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2666082218666211220153312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that was earlier intended to treat only patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but researchers have found DBT to treat several psychological disorders, including depression.
Aim:
The article aims to review the clinical shreds of evidence regarding the use of DBT to treat depression.
Methods:
PubMed literature search was done by applying the year filter range, 2010 to 2021. Another filter applied was "Randomized controlled trial", so that the strength of evidence could be enhanced. The keywords used were "Dialectical Behavior Therapy" AND "Depression
Results:
33 articles were found, out of which only 20 relevant articles were reviewed. DBT was found to alleviate depressive symptoms associated with different psychological disorders like bipolar disorder and BPD but the number of studies that validated the afore-mentioned were less than those studies which showed that DBT had no significant effect on the patients with depressive difficulties. The long-term effect of DBT for treating depression is under a suspect, as studies showed DBT got ineffective during the follow-ups
Conclusion:
DBT shows benefits in depression but further studies are still required to validate this concretely as DBT did not show a significant effect when compared to its control counterparts. There is much need for future studies which can evaluate the long-term efficacy of DBT in depression is another challenging area because follow-up data did not favor DBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryendu Kumar Saini
- Department of Psychology, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U.) Regional Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Rashmi Saxena Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Om Prakash Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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Wal P, Wal A, Pal RS, Singh P. A Comprehensive Review on Recently Detected Herbal Phytoactives
Having Anti-Diabetic Potential for Various Diabetes-Related Complications. CTM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666210114114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Diabetes is a metabolic, endocrine disorder which is featured by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, primarily due to beta cell destruction, with Insulin Resistance playing a secondary role. It is treated with the help of
many chemical based drugs as well as natural derivatives.
Objective:
There is urgent need to develop new efficacious, cheaper and more available drugs to face this growing public
health challenge. Many anti-diabetic drugs are often often associated with many adverse effects.
Materials & Methods:
Literature was reviewed in a narrative manner in order to pertain the information about active phytoactives present in the different plants. Anti-diabetic drugs are often loaded with side effects; therefore, review is being
done for the selection of effective natural therapeutic moieties with less or no adverse effects.
Results:
In this review article, we described the detailed review of recently detected bioactive compounds present in different natural substances; which can be used effectively for diabetes related adversities.
Conclusion:
Natural products based bioactive molecules have been proven to improve insulin resistance and other related
complications through suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Institute of Pharmacy , PSIT, Kanpur, 209305, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Institute of PSIT, Kanpur, 209305, India
| | | | - Priya Singh
- UPCST Project, Institute of Pharmacy, PSIT, Kanpur, 209305, India
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Tiwari R, Wal P, Singh P, Tiwari G, Rai A. A Review on Mechanistic and Pharmacological Findings of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy including Pharmacotherapy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:247-258. [PMID: 32928092 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200914141558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hyperglycemia and related complications involving peripheral nerves in diabetes are one of the most severe microvascular complications with an average prevalence of 50-60%. Diabetic neuropathy is among the vascular disorders of diabetes, the most debilitating and crippled, lethal condition impacting patients's quality of life. METHODS In the present review article, several hypotheses associated with the pathogenesis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) have been introduced, among them metabolic pathways associated with polyol pathway, oxidative stress, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplified under chronic hyperglycemic conditions and activation of transcription factor Nuclear factor-κB (NF- κB). The review article also possesses pathogenetic and pharmacologic treatments along with others, including acupressure, lidocaine, and capsaicin for DPN. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that we can combat the pathogenesis of DPN with different suggested treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
| | - Gaurav Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
| | - Awani Rai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
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