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Zhang L, Xu JY, Wei Y, Gao SL, Wang L, Zheng JY, Gu M, Qin LQ. Protective Effect of Selenium-Enriched Green Tea on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2233-2238. [PMID: 34251588 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The major pathogenic feature of liver fibrosis is that oxidative stress motivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) alters the balance between the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and HSCs into proliferative myofibroblasts. Green tea and selenium (Se) can protect the liver from damage; however, the precise mechanism of green tea and the action of Se in green tea on hepatic fibrosis remain unclear. Several studies have demonstrated the profibrogenic role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR) 2A/2B in the liver. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of selenium-enriched green tea on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in male C57BL/6 J mice. After a 4-week intervention with tea solution, histological analysis of the liver showed that green tea interventions alleviated hepatic fibrosis, which was supported by the changes in collagen type I, collagen type III, and α-smooth muscle actin in the liver. Tea interventions significantly inhibited the CCl4-provoked increase of duodenal 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase and hepatic 5-HT and 5-HTR2A/2B levels. All of them were lower in the selenium-enriched green tea group than in regular green tea group. Se-enriched green tea had a more pronounced improvement in liver ECM deposition and scar formation and peripheral 5-HT signals than regular green tea. Thus, green tea, especially those enriched with selenium, can improve liver fibrosis through intestinal 5-HT-hepatic 5-HTR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shi-Lin Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Yang Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Minghua Gu
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Miao CC, Hwang W, Chu LY, Yang LH, Ha CT, Chen PY, Kuo MH, Lin SC, Yang YY, Chuang SE, Yu CC, Pan ST, Kao MC, Chang CR, Chou YT. LC3A-mediated autophagy regulates lung cancer cell plasticity. Autophagy 2021; 18:921-934. [PMID: 34470575 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1964224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS ATG14: autophagy related 14; CDH2: cadherin 2; ChIP-qPCR: chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction; CQ: chloroquine; ECAR: extracellular acidification rate; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EPCAM: epithelial cell adhesion molecule; MAP1LC3A/LC3A: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP1LC3C/LC3C: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma; NDUFV2: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT-qPCR: reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SC: scrambled control; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; SNAI2: snail family transcriptional repressor 2; SOX2: SRY-box transcription factor 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; ZEB1: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Co-first Authors
| | - Wen Hwang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Co-first Authors
| | - Ling-Yi Chu
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Li-Hao Yang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Cam-Thu Ha
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Graduate Institute Of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ya-Yu Yang
- National Institute Of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute Of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chia-Cherng Yu
- Department Of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shien-Tung Pan
- Department Of Pathology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Mou-Chieh Kao
- Institute Of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Sarnatskaya V, Mikhailenko V, Prokopenko I, Gerashchenko BI, Shevchuk O, Yushko L, Glavin A, Makovetska L, Sakhno L, Sydorenko O, Kozynchenko O, Nikolaev V. The effect of two formulations of carbon enterosorbents on oxidative stress indexes and molecular conformation of serum albumin in experimental animals exposed to CCl 4. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03126. [PMID: 32042939 PMCID: PMC7002792 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver failure means inability to perform its normal synthetic, biotransformation and excretory functions. The disturbance of metabolic processes leads to the development of "metabolic endogenous intoxication" resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress initiates the processes of oxidation of amino acid residues of blood plasma proteins causing the changes in their structure and functions. The effect of administration of highly activated porous carbonic enterosorbents on oxidative stress manifestations and molecular conformation of serum albumin in blood of experimental animals with acute liver failure induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) needs to be investigated. Two forms of activated carbonic enterosorbents such as AC1 (primary beads with the range of diameters of 125-250 μm) and AC2 (secondary granules prepared from micronized AC1 having the mean particle size of ~1 μm) derived from phenol-formaldehyde resin were used in rat model with CCl4 intoxication. The total level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood plasma, the activity of catalase (CAT) in blood hemolysates; the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver homogenates, and the level of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) such as aldehyde-dinitrophenylhydrazone (A-DNPH) and ketone-dinitrophenylhydrazone (K-DNPH) derivatives in blood plasma and liver homogenates were determined. In addition, the level of pro/antioxidant ratio in blood hemolysates and the content of lipid peroxidation product - malondialdehyde (MDA), in blood plasma and liver were determined. Melting thermograms of blood plasma proteins (BPP) and molecular conformation changes of serum albumin were analyzed by biophysical methods (differential scanning microcalorimetry and spectrofluorimetry). The extent of CCl4-induced oxidative damage in blood and liver of experimental animals was shown to be less expressed for AC1 in comparison with AC2 enterosorbent. However, AC2 used in the form of secondary granules positively influenced some biophysical properties of albumin molecule (temperature of melting, shape of melting endotherm and intrinsic fluorescence) after rats exposure to CCl4. In general, administration of both AC1 and AC2 led to the reduction of oxidative stress manifestations and partial restoration of native molecular conformation of serum albumin. These observations are promising in terms of achieving recovery of detoxification potential of organism after severe liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sarnatskaya
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Mikhailenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Prokopenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Bogdan I. Gerashchenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Shevchuk
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Yushko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexei Glavin
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmila Makovetska
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Sakhno
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Sydorenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Vladimir Nikolaev
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Upregulates miR-221 to Inhibit Osteopontin-Dependent Hepatic Fibrosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167435. [PMID: 27935974 PMCID: PMC5147893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) promotes hepatic fibrosis, and developing therapies targeting OPN expression in settings of hepatic injury holds promise. The polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), found in high concentrations in green tea, downregulates OPN expression through OPN mRNA degradation, but the mechanism is unknown. Previous work has shown that microRNAs can decrease OPN mRNA levels, and other studies have shown that EGCG modulates the expression of multiple microRNAs. In our study, we first demonstrated that OPN induces hepatic stellate cells to transform into an activated state. We then identified three microRNAs which target OPN mRNA: miR-181a, miR-10b, and miR-221. In vitro results show that EGCG upregulates all three microRNAs, and all three microRNAs are capable of down regulating OPN mRNA when administered alone. Interestingly, only miR-221 is necessary for EGCG-mediated OPN mRNA degradation and miR-221 inhibition reduces the effects of EGCG on cell function. In vivo experiments show that thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cell cytotoxicity upregulates OPN expression; treatment with EGCG blocks the effects of TAA. Furthermore, chronic treatment of EGCG in vivo upregulates all three microRNAs equally, suggesting that in more chronic treatment all three microRNAs are involved in modulating OPN expression. We conclude that in in vitro and in vivo models of TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, EGCG inhibits OPN-dependent injury and fibrosis. EGCG works primarily by upregulating miR-221 to accelerate OPN degradation. EGCG may therefore have utility as a protective agent in settings of liver injury.
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Cocoa polyphenols exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancerogenic, and anti-necrotic activity in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated mice. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Elgawish RAR, Rahman HGA, Abdelrazek HMA. Green tea extract attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic injury in male hamsters via inhibition of lipid peroxidation and p53-mediated apoptosis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1149-1156. [PMID: 28962456 PMCID: PMC5598372 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Keeping in mind the beneficial effects of GTE administration on liver damage, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of green tea extract (GTE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injuries in male hamsters for 8 weeks. Twenty hamsters were equally divided into 4 groups, the control ones (group I) received only dis. water. Hamsters of group II had free access to 10% of GTE, while hamsters of group III received 1 ml/kg of 50% CCl4 in corn oil via gavage daily. Hamsters of group IV (GTE + CCl4) received a free access to GTE supplementation in combination with 1 ml/kg of 50% CCl4 in corn oil via gavage daily. Lipid profile, hepatic enzyme levels and apoptosis molecular marker (p53) were investigated in hamsters. GTE + CCl4 treated hamsters showed lower levels of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) than CCl4 exposed hamsters. Hepatic activity levels of GSH, ALD and cytochrome 450 reductase were declined after CCl4 administration while they were remarkably improved with GTE administration. Serum lipid profiles as T-cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were improved in GTE and CCl4 treated hamsters than CCl4 group. Moreover, hepatic tissue damage and p53 expression induced with CCl4 were improved with the treatment of GTE. These results suggested that GTE possesses hepatoprotective properties against the effect of CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Abdel Rahman Elgawish
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Haidy G Abdel Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Mahli A, Koch A, Czech B, Peterburs P, Lechner A, Haunschild J, Müller M, Hellerbrand C. Hepatoprotective effect of oral application of a silymarin extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-015-0006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Silymarin derived from the milk thistle plant “Silybum marianum” is composed of four major flavonolignans. Clinical as well as experimental studies indicate hepatoprotective effects of silymarin. However, the underlying mechanisms are only incompletely understood.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral administration of a defined silymarin extract in the model of acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury.
Methods
A single dose of a silymarin extract (SE; 20 or 100 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats by oral gavage. Subsequently, rats were injected with a single dose of CCl4 (2 ml/kg body weight).
Results
After 24h, analysis of liver to body weight ratio, serum levels of transaminases and histological analysis revealed a marked liver damage which was inhibited by SE in a dose dependent manner. CCl4-induced expressions of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic genes were significantly reduced in SE treated rats. Molecular analysis revealed that SE reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1, the pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta as well as collagen I in isolated human hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which are the key effector cells of hepatic fibrosis.
Conclusion
Oral administration of the tested silymarin extract inhibited hepatocellular damage in a model of acute liver injury. Moreover, we newly found that the silymarin extract had direct effects on pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic gene expression in HSCs in vitro. This indicates that direct effects on HSC also contribute to the in vivo hepatoprotective effects of silymarin, and further promote its potential as anti-fibrogenic agent also in chronic liver disease.
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Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of total flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis extracts. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:590-8. [PMID: 25156284 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the total flavonoid C-glycosides isolated from Abrus mollis extracts (AME). In the anti-inflammatory tests, xylene-induced ear edema model in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats were applied. The hepatoprotective effects of AME were evaluated with various in vivo models of acute and chronic liver injury, including carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatitis in mice, D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatitis in rats, as well as CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. In the acute inflammation experiment, AME significantly suppressed xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively. In the acute hepatitis tests, AME significantly attenuated the excessive release of ALT and AST induced by CCl4 and D-GalN. In CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis model, AME alleviated liver injury induced by CCl4 shown by histopathological sections of livers and improved liver function as indicated by decreased liver index, serum ALT, AST, TBIL, and ALP levels and hydroxyproline contents in liver tissues, and increased serum ALB and GLU levels. These results indicated that AME possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity in acute inflammation models and hepatoprotective activity in both acute and chronic liver injury models. In conclusion, AME is a potential anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective agent and a viable candidate for treating inflammation, hepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis.
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Green tea extract supplementation depresses carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 113:987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tabuchi M, Hayakawa S, Honda E, Ooshima K, Itoh T, Yoshida K, Park AM, Higashino H, Isemura M, Munakata H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses transforming growth factor-beta signaling by interacting with the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor. World J Exp Med 2013; 3:100-107. [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v3.i4.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) binding to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type II receptor (TGFRII).
METHODS: The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was used as a marker for fibrotic change in human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. The α-SMA expression level was determined by western blotting and immunohistological analysis. We examined whether the anti-fibrotic effects of EGCG on MRC-5 cells was dependent on antioxidant mechanism by using edaravone and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The suppression effects of EGCG on Smad2/3 activation were studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The binding of EGCG to recombinant TGFRII protein was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography.
RESULTS: When MRC-5 cells were treated with TGF-β, EGCG decreased the expression of α-SMA in a dose dependent manner, whereas catechin did not influence the α-SMA expression in the cells. Except for EGCG, antioxidant compounds (e.g., edaravone and NAC) had no effects on the TGF-β-induced α-SMA expression. Nuclear localization of phosphorylated Smad2/3 was observed after TGF-β treatment; however, EGCG treatment attenuated the nuclear transportation of Smad2/3 in the presence or absence of TGF-β. After a TGFRII expression vector was introduced into COS-7 cells, cell lysates were untreated or treated with EGCG or catechin. The immunoprecipitation experiments using the lysates showed that EGCG dose-dependently bound to TGFRIIand that catechin did not at all. Affinity chromatography study indicated that EGCG would bind to TGFRII.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that EGCG interacts with TGFRII and inhibits the expression of α-SMA via the TGF-β-Smad2/3 pathway in human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells.
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