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Koprivova A, Elkatmis B, Gerlich SC, Trick M, Harper AL, Bancroft I, Kopriva S. Natural Variation in OASC Gene for Mitochondrial O-Acetylserine Thiollyase Affects Sulfate Levels in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:35. [PMID: 36616163 PMCID: PMC9824738 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur plays a vital role in the primary and secondary metabolism of plants, and carries an important function in a large number of different compounds. Despite this importance, compared to other mineral nutrients, relatively little is known about sulfur sensing and signalling, as well as about the mechanisms controlling sulfur metabolism and homeostasis. Sulfur contents in plants vary largely not only among different species, but also among accessions of the same species. We previously used associative transcriptomics to identify several genes potentially controlling variation in sulfate content in the leaves of Brassica napus, including an OASC gene for mitochondrial O-acetylserine thiollyase (OAS-TL), an enzyme involved in cysteine synthesis. Here, we show that loss of OASC in Arabidopsis thaliana lowers not only sulfate, but also glutathione levels in the leaves. The reduced accumulation is caused by lower sulfate uptake and translocation to the shoots; however, the flux through the pathway is not affected. In addition, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in the OASC gene among A. thaliana accessions that is linked to variation in sulfate content. Both genetic and transgenic complementation confirmed that the exchange of arginine at position 81 for lysine in numerous accessions resulted in a less active OASC and a lower sulfate content in the leaves. The mitochondrial isoform of OAS-TL is, thus, after the ATPS1 isoform of sulfurylase and the APR2 form of APS reductase 2, the next metabolic enzyme with a role in regulation of sulfate content in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Büsra Elkatmis
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Silke C. Gerlich
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Trick
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Andrea L. Harper
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ian Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Günal S, Kopriva S. Measurement of flux through sulfate assimilation using [35S]sulfate. Methods Enzymol 2022; 676:197-209. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Xia A, Wang Q, Zhang X, Jez JM, Li Z, Tan W, He Y. A natural single-nucleotide polymorphism variant in sulfite reductase influences sulfur assimilation in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:692-704. [PMID: 34254312 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants absorb sulfur from the environment and assimilate it into suitable forms for the biosynthesis of a broad range of molecules. Although the biochemical pathway of sulfur assimilation is known, how genetic differences contribute to natural variation in sulfur assimilation remains poorly understood. Here, using a genome-wide association study, we uncovered a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant in the sulfite reductase (SiR) gene that was significantly associated with SiR protein abundance in a maize natural association population. We also demonstrated that the synonymous C to G base change at SNP69 may repress translational activity by altering messenger RNA secondary structure, which leads to reduction in ZmSiR protein abundance and sulfur assimilation activity. Population genetic analyses showed that the SNP69C allele was likely a variant occurring after the initial maize domestication and accumulated with the spread of maize cultivation from tropical to temperate regions. This study provides the first evidence that genetic polymorphisms in the exon of ZmSiR could influence the protein abundance through a posttranscriptional mechanism and in part contribute to natural variation in sulfur assimilation. These findings provide a prospective target to improve maize varieties with proper sulfur nutrient levels assisted by molecular breeding and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luguang Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Aiai Xia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Weiming Tan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yan He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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Yu J, Jia M, Feng Y. The cytidine repressor regulates the survival of Pantoea agglomerans YS19 under oxidative stress and sulfur starvation conditions. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 67:59-66. [PMID: 33518552 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pantoea agglomerans YS19 is a dominant endophytic bacterium isolated from rice, which is capable of promoting host plant growth by nitrogen-fixing and phytohormone secreting. We previously found that the cytidine repressor (CytR) protein conducts the regulation of indole signal in YS19. Here, we compared the whole-cell protein of the wild type YS19 and the ΔcytR mutant and subsequently identified one differential protein as alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C related to oxidative stress and sulfur starvation tolerance. It was tested that cytR had a positive effect on the survival of YS19 under the oxidative stress and sulfur starvation conditions and this effect was inhibited by indole. To further understand the functional mode of indole in this regulation, we cloned the cytR promoter region (PcytR) of YS19 and tested the effect of indole on PcytR using gfp as a reporter gene. It was found that PcytR can sense indole and significantly inhibit the expression of the downstream gene. This study provided a deeper understanding of the multiple function of cytR and expanded a new research direction of how indole participates in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Mengqi Jia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Yongjun Feng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology
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Unal D, García-Caparrós P, Kumar V, Dietz KJ. Chloroplast-associated molecular patterns as concept for fine-tuned operational retrograde signalling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190443. [PMID: 32362264 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts compose about one-quarter of the mesophyll cell volume and contain about 60% of the cell protein. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation is the dominating metabolism in illuminated leaves. To optimize the resource expenditure in these costly organelles and to control and adjust chloroplast metabolism, an intensive transfer of information between nucleus-cytoplasm and chloroplasts occurs in both directions as anterograde and retrograde signalling. Recent research identified multiple retrograde pathways that use metabolite transfer and include reaction products of lipids and carotenoids with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Other pathways use metabolites of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, low molecular weight antioxidants and hormone precursors to carry information between the cell compartments. This review focuses on redox- and ROS-related retrograde signalling pathways. In analogy to the microbe-associated molecular pattern, we propose the term 'chloroplast-associated molecular pattern' which connects chloroplast performance to extrachloroplast processes such as nuclear gene transcription, posttranscriptional processing, including translation, and RNA and protein fate. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Unal
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Letter, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Agronomy, University of Almeria, Higher Engineering School, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Borpatragohain P, Rose TJ, Liu L, Barkla BJ, Raymond CA, King GJ. Remobilization and fate of sulphur in mustard. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:471-480. [PMID: 31181139 PMCID: PMC6798836 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sulphur (S) is an essential macronutrient involved in numerous metabolic pathways required for plant growth. Crops of the plant family Brassicaceae require more S compared with other crops for optimum growth and yield, with most S ultimately sequestered in the mature seeds as the storage proteins cruciferin and napin, along with the unique S-rich secondary metabolite glucosinolate (GSL). It is well established that S assimilation primarily takes place in the shoots rather than roots, and that sulphate is the major form in which S is transported and stored in plants. We carried out a developmental S audit to establish the net fluxes of S in two lines of Brassica juncea mustard where seed GSL content differed but resulted in no yield penalty. METHODS We quantified S pools (sulphate, GSL and total S) in different organs at multiple growth stages until maturity, which also allowed us to test the hypothesis that leaf S, accumulated as a primary S sink, becomes remobilized as a secondary source to meet the requirements of GSL as the dominant seed S sink. KEY RESULTS Maximum plant sulphate accumulation had occurred by floral initiation in both lines, at which time most of the sulphate was found in the leaves, confirming its role as the primary S sink. Up to 52 % of total sulphate accumulated by the low-GSL plants was lost through senesced leaves. In contrast, S from senescing leaves of the high-GSL line was remobilized to other tissues, with GSL accumulating in the seed from commencement of silique filling until maturity. CONCLUSION We have established that leaf S compounds that accumulated as primary S sinks at early developmental stages in condiment type B. juncea become remobilized as a secondary S source to meet the demand for GSL as the dominant seed S sink at maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry J Rose
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Carolyn A Raymond
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Yang M, Geng M, Shen P, Chen X, Li Y, Wen X. Effect of post-silking drought stress on the expression profiles of genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism during leaf senescence in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:304-309. [PMID: 30599307 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress during reproductive growth stages greatly affects the growth and productivity of maize plants. To better understand the metabolic regulation during post-silking drought (PD) stress, an RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was performed at the late stage of leaf senescence in maize. Physiological measurements showed that PD stress reduced both leaf carbon and nitrogen levels. A total of 4013 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found based on RNA-Seq analysis, 115 of which were identified to be involved in photosynthesis and in the metabolism of sucrose, starch, and amino acids. Among these DEGs, 14 genes involved in photosynthesis were down-regulated. The genes coding for sucrose and pectin synthesis were up-regulated under PD stress. The two genes of asparagine synthetase (ZmAS3 and ZmAS4), which are responsible for nitrogen remobilization in leaves, were also significantly induced by the drought treatment. The expression profiles of these genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism suggests their regulatory roles during drought-induced leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengyao Geng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajun Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Pavlů J, Novák J, Koukalová V, Luklová M, Brzobohatý B, Černý M. Cytokinin at the Crossroads of Abiotic Stress Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082450. [PMID: 30126242 PMCID: PMC6121657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin is a multifaceted plant hormone that plays major roles not only in diverse plant growth and development processes, but also stress responses. We summarize knowledge of the roles of its metabolism, transport, and signalling in responses to changes in levels of both macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur) and micronutrients (boron, iron, silicon, selenium). We comment on cytokinin's effects on plants' xenobiotic resistance, and its interactions with light, temperature, drought, and salinity signals. Further, we have compiled a list of abiotic stress-related genes and demonstrate that their expression patterns overlap with those of cytokinin metabolism and signalling genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pavlů
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladěna Koukalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biophysics AS CR, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Huang Q, Wang M, Xia Z. The SULTR gene family in maize (Zea mays L.): Gene cloning and expression analyses under sulfate starvation and abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:24-33. [PMID: 29145069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth, development and stress responses. The family of sulfate transporters (SULTRs) mediates the uptake and translocation of sulfate in higher plants. However, basic knowledge of the SULTR gene family in maize (Zea mays L.) is scarce. In this study, a genome-wide bioinformatic analysis of SULTR genes in maize was conducted, and the developmental expression patterns of the genes and their responses to sulfate starvation and abiotic stress were further investigated. The ZmSULTR family includes eight putative members in the maize genome and is clustered into four groups in the phylogenetic tree. These genes displayed differential expression patterns in various organs of maize. For example, expression of ZmSULTR1;1 and ZmSULTR4;1 was high in roots, and transcript levels of ZmSULTR3;1 and ZmSULTR3;3 were high in shoots. Expression of ZmSULTR1;2, ZmSULTR2;1, ZmSULTR3;3, and ZmSULTR4;1 was high in flowers. Also, these eight genes showed differential responses to sulfate deprivation in roots and shoots of maize seedlings. Transcript levels of ZmSULTR1;1, ZmSULTR1;2, and ZmSULTR3;4 were significantly increased in roots during 12-day-sulfate starvation stress, while ZmSULTR3;3 and ZmSULTR3;5 only showed an early response pattern in shoots. In addition, dynamic transcriptional changes determined via qPCR revealed differential expression profiles of these eight ZmSULTR genes in response to environmental stresses such as salt, drought, and heat stresses. Notably, all the genes, except for ZmSULTR3;3, were induced by drought and heat stresses. However, a few genes were induced by salt stress. Physiological determination showed that two important thiol-containing compounds, cysteine and glutathione, increased significantly under these abiotic stresses. The results suggest that members of the SULTR family might function in adaptations to sulfur deficiency stress and adverse growing environments. This study will lay a foundation for better understanding the functional diversity of the SULTR family and exploring genes of interest for genetic improvement of sulfur use efficiency in cereal crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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