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Caniani D, Caivano M, Mazzone G, Masi S, Mancini IM. Effect of site-specific conditions and operating parameters on the removal efficiency of petroleum-originating pollutants by using ozonation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149393. [PMID: 34426347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is a worldwide problem, mainly caused by a wide range of organic compounds: e.g., alkanes, aromatics, and polynuclear aromatics. Using ozone to help remediate contaminated soils is gaining interest due to its capability in oxidizing recalcitrant contaminants in short application time., although studies using ozonation for soil remediation are so far limited to the laboratory scale. This review attempts to summarize and discuss the state of the art in the treatment of soils contaminated with recalcitrant organic contaminants by using ozone, emphasizing the influence of operating conditions, such as the content and age of soil organic matter, grain size, moisture content, pH, and ozone dose. Special attention is given to the combination of ozonation and biodegradation. The main advantages in using ozonation as a remediation technique are its high oxidation potential applicable to a wide range of organic pollutants and its oxygen release after chemical decomposition that allow aerobic biodegradation. The review results show that ozonated soils can be reused after ozonation treatment, therefore ozonation can be considered an excellent remediation technique, even if combined with biodegradation, allowing removal percentages of 90% and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Caniani
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Marianna Caivano
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mazzone
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Masi
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ignazio M Mancini
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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2
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Ruiz JA, Rodríguez JL, Poznyak T, Chairez I, Dueñas J. Catalytic effect of γ-Al(OH) 3, α-FeOOH, and α-Fe 2O 3 on the ozonation-based decomposition of diethyl phthalate adsorbed on sand and soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:974-981. [PMID: 32829431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a pollutant which can be found on soils as a result of its widespread application in plastic industry. Soil contaminated with DEP requires the application of different chemical methods to attain its remediation. Among these methods, ozonation has proven to be effective against toxic soil pollutants. The presence of metal oxides in soil is a possible source of catalytic effect. In this study, it was analyzed the catalytic effect of goethite (α-FeOOH), hematite (α-Fe2O3), and gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)3) in combination with O3 to achieve DEP decomposition. The DEP elimination efficiency by ozonation on the sand increased according to the following order: without catalyst < γ-Al(OH)3 < α-Fe2O3 < α-FeOOH. Among these three oxides, goethite has the highest OH groups density. The reaction of OH groups and O3 favors the formation of oxidant species, such as O2•- and OH•. The effect of the moisture content, the catalyst concentration, and the type of soil (sand and calcined soil) were also studied. The latter had a significant influence on the total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The mineralization degree was 84% in the O3-soil system, while only 40% was obtained with O3-sand (α-FeOOH) in dry sand after 8 h of treatment. Calcined soil promoted the increase of TOC removal due to the presence of different metal oxides, which were active centers for O3 decomposition. The toxicity tests of the three reaction systems (O3-sand, O3-sand (α-FeOOH), and O3-soil) were evaluated on lettuce seed germination before and after DEP ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasiel A Ruiz
- Lab. Ing. Química Ambiental, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julia Liliana Rodríguez
- Lab. Ing. Química Ambiental, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Tatiana Poznyak
- Lab. Ing. Química Ambiental, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isaac Chairez
- Departamento de Bioprocesos, UPIBI - Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ticomán, 07340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jaime Dueñas
- Lab. Ing. Química Ambiental, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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3
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Rodriguez J, García A, Poznyak T, Chairez I. Phenanthrene degradation in soil by ozonation: Effect of morphological and physicochemical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:53-61. [PMID: 27855331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the ozone reaction with phenanthrene adsorbed in two types of soils (sand and agricultural). The effect of soil physicochemical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, elemental composition, permeability, surface area and pore volume) on the phenanthrene decomposition was evaluated. Commercial sand has a uniform morphology (spherical) with a particle size range between 0.178 and 0.150 mm in diameter, regular elemental composition SiO2, specific density of 1701.38 kg/m3, a true density of 2492.50 kg/m3, with an effective porosity of 31%. On the other hand, the agricultural soil had heterogeneous morphology, particle size between 0.1779 and 0.05 mm in diameter, elemental composition was montmorrillonite silicon oxide, apparent density of 999.52 kg/m3, a true density of 2673.55 kg/m3, surface area of 34.92 m2/g and porosity of 57%. The percentage of phenanthrene decomposition in the sand was 79% after 2 h of treatment. On the other hand, the phenanthrene degradation in the agricultural soil was 95% during the same reaction time. The pore volume of soil limited the crystal size of phenanthrene and increased the contact surface with ozone confirming the direct impact of physicochemical properties of soils on the decomposition kinetics of phenanthrene. In the case of agricultural soil, the effect of organic matter on phenanthrene decomposition efficiency was also investigated. A faster decomposition of initial contaminant and byproducts formed in ozonation was obtained in natural agricultural soil compared to the sand. The partial identification of intermediates and final accumulated products produced by phenanthrene decomposition in ozonation was developed. Among others, phenanthroquinone, hydroquinone, phenanthrol, catechol as well as phthalic, diphenic, maleic and oxalic acids were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodriguez
- Superior School of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESIQIE-IPN), México, D. F, Mexico
| | - A García
- Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - T Poznyak
- Superior School of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESIQIE-IPN), México, D. F, Mexico.
| | - I Chairez
- Professional Interdisciplinary Unit of Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIBI-IPN), México D. F, Mexico.
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4
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Tang S, Yuan D, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Huang H. Fe-Mn bi-metallic oxides loaded on granular activated carbon to enhance dye removal by catalytic ozonation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18800-18808. [PMID: 27316651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A Fe-Mn bi-metallic oxide supported on granular activated carbon (Fe-Mn GAC) has been fabricated by an impregnation-desiccation method and tested in the catalytic ozonation of methyl orange (MO) degradation and mineralization. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizations revealed that Fe-Mn oxides were successfully loaded and uniformly distributed on the GAC, and nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that the supported GAC retained a large surface area and a high pore volume compared with the pristine GAC. The catalytic activity was systematically assessed by monitoring the MO removal efficiencies at different operational parameters, such as catalyst dosage, initial solution pH, and ozone flow rate. The Fe-Mn GAC exhibited better catalytic activity relative to ozone alone and GAC alone, improving the TOC removal by 24.5 and 11.5 % and COD removal by 13.6 and 7.3 %, respectively. The reusability of the hybrid was examined over five consecutive cyclic treatments. The Fe-Mn GAC catalytic activity was only a slight loss in the cycles, showing good stability. The addition of Na2CO3 as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) scavengers proved that the catalytic ozonation mechanism was the enhanced generation of •OH by the Fe-Mn GAC. The above results render the Fe-Mn GAC an industrially promising candidate for catalytic ozonation of dye contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Deling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Zhengquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Haiming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
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Peluffo M, Pardo F, Santos A, Romero A. Use of different kinds of persulfate activation with iron for the remediation of a PAH-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:649-656. [PMID: 26391654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils by persistent pollutants is considered an important matter of increasing concern. In this work, activated persulfate (PS) was applied for the remediation of a soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as anthracene (ANT), phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). PS activation was performed by different ways; where ferric, ferrous sulfate salts (1-5mmol·L(-1)) and nanoparticles of zerovalent iron (nZVI) were used as activators. Moreover, in order to improve the oxidation rate of contaminants in the aqueous phase, the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as anionic surfactant, was tested. On the other hand, it was also studied the role of humic acids (HA), as reducing agent or surfactant, on PAHs conversion. Removal efficiencies near 100% were achieved for ANT and BaP in all the runs carried out. Nevertheless, remarkable differences on removal efficiencies were observed for the different techniques applied in case of PHE and PYR. In this sense, the highest conversions of PHE (80%) and PYR (near 100%) were achieved when nZVI was used as activator. Similar results were obtained when activation was carried out either with Fe(2+) or Fe(3+). This can be explained by the presence of quinone type compounds, as 9,10-anthraquinone (ATQ), that can promote the reduction of Fe(3+) into Fe(2+), permitting PS radicals to be generated. On the other hand, the addition of HA did not produce an improvement of the process while surfactant addition slightly increases the PAHs removal. Furthermore, a kinetic model was developed, describing the behavior of persulfate consumption, and contaminants removal under first order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peluffo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - F Pardo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Romero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Ranc B, Faure P, Croze V, Simonnot MO. Selection of oxidant doses for in situ chemical oxidation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 312:280-297. [PMID: 27043880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a promising alternative to thermal desorption for the remediation of soils contaminated with organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For field application, one major issue is the selection of the optimal doses of the oxidizing solution, i.e. the oxidant and appropriate catalysts and/or additives. Despite an extensive scientific literature on ISCO, this choice is very difficult because many parameters differ from one study to another. The present review identifies the critical factors that must be taken into account to enable comparison of these various contributions. For example, spiked soils and aged, polluted soils cannot be compared; PAHs freshly spiked into a soil are fully available for degradation unlike a complex mixture of pollutants trapped in a soil for many years. Another notable example is the high diversity of oxidation conditions employed during batch experiments, although these affect the representativeness of the system. Finally, in this review a methodology is also proposed based on a combination of the stoichiometric oxidant demand of the organic pollutants and the design of experiments (DOE) in order to allow a better comparison of the various studies so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ranc
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillette, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; ICF Environnement, 14 à 30 rue Alexandre, 92635 Gennevilliers, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - P Faure
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillette, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - V Croze
- ICF Environnement, 14 à 30 rue Alexandre, 92635 Gennevilliers, France
| | - M O Simonnot
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France.
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7
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Wu J, Gao H, Yao S, Chen L, Gao Y, Zhang H. Degradation of Crystal Violet by catalytic ozonation using Fe/activated carbon catalyst. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Gómez-Alvarez M, Poznyak T, Ríos-Leal E, Silva-Sánchez C. Anthracene decomposition in soils by conventional ozonation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 113:545-551. [PMID: 22494822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracene decomposition in solid phase by conventional ozonation was investigated employing model and real soil samples. Reaction in a two-phase system (soil-ozone) and a three-phase system (soil-water-ozone) was studied. The total anthracene decomposition in the two studied systems (sand-ozone and burned soil-ozone) was obtained at 15 and 30 min of treatment by ozone, respectively, and the efficiency of ozonation was depended on the water content in treated soil samples. The anthracene degradation in an agricultural soil (free water) was carried up slower (only 30% after 90 min of ozonation), because the real solid samples content organic matter that provokes the additionally ozone consuming. The pre-ozonation of free anthracene agricultural soil depicts the content of the organic matter fraction, which have the ozone reactivity orders as aromatic>aliphatic>polar. In all cases, the ozonation by-products were identified partiality; the majority of by-products formatted react with ozone. Actually some of them were decomposed totally, while others were accumulated. Some products identified in all systems such as anthrone, 9,10-anthraquinone and phthalic acid, are less toxic than the anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gómez-Alvarez
- Superior School of Chemical Engineering, National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Edif 7, UPALM, CP 07738 Mexico DF, Mexico
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Zhang H, Jiang M, Zhang D, Xia Q. DECOMPOSITION OF 4-NITROPHENOL BY OZONATION IN A HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE REACTOR. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00986440903089031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Uslu MO, Balcioğlu IA. Comparison of the ozonation and Fenton process performances for the treatment of antibiotic containing manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:3450-3458. [PMID: 19232678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An integrated treatment method based on magnesium salt extraction followed by chemical oxidation was used for the treatment of a veterinary antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC) contaminated cow manure since animal manure can be an important source for antibiotic pollution in the environment. Pretreatment with magnesium salt enhanced the efficiencies of subsequent oxidation processes by extracting 63.9% of OTC from the manure thereby making it more favorable for oxidation with the hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton and ozone oxidation processes. Both the 24 h Fenton oxidation process with 434 mM H(2)O(2) and 43.4 mM Fe(2+) doses and the 1-h ozonation process with an applied ozone dose of 2.5 mg min(-1) provided more than 90% OTC removal from the manure slurry. However, the second-order OTC removal rate constant of Fenton process (119 M(-1)s(-1)) was remarkably lower than that obtained with the ozonation process (548 M(-1)s(-1)). The oxidant dose was a significant factor for the efficiency of the Fenton treatment but not for the ozone treatment. The efficiencies of both the Fenton and ozone oxidation processes were not affected by the pH adjustment of the manure slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merih Otker Uslu
- Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
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Javorská H, Tlustos P, Komárek M, Lestan D, Kaliszová R, Száková J. Effect of ozonation on polychlorinated biphenyl degradation and on soil physico-chemical properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:1202-1207. [PMID: 18524480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of ozone treatment on degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated soils and to observe the subsequent changes in soil physico-chemical properties. Furthermore, the ability of plants to grow on the ozone-treated soils was evaluated. Soils with different physico-chemical characteristics spiked with seven PCB congeners in two different time periods were chosen. Ozonation was more efficient for PCB degradation in freshly spiked soils and the removal efficiency increased with increasing ozonation time. The highest decrease was found in the soil with a lower soil organic matter (SOM) content and a coarser soil structure indicating the substantial effect of soil characteristics on the efficiency of ozonation. The composition of individual PCB congeners changed in all treatments in terms of higher accumulation rate of highly chlorinated biphenyls with a higher ozonation time. Increased mobility of several elements, changes in SOM content and in soil pH were detected after ozonation. Vulnerability of plants to these modifications was documented on rape seedlings. No inhibition in growth during any treatment and predominantly higher concentration of PCB in non-ozonated treatments were observed. Results suggest that this method can present a promising environmental friendly remediation technology for PCB contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Javorská
- Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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Alcántara-Garduño ME, Okuda T, Nishijima W, Okada M. Ozonation of trichloroethylene in acetic acid solution with soluble and solid humic acid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 160:662-667. [PMID: 18511186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The combined flushing and oxidation process using acetic acid and ozone has been used successfully to remove trichloroethylene (TCE) completely from contaminated soil. In this study, the effects of humic acid, a fraction of the organic matter in soil, over the performance of TCE decomposition was evaluated. TCE decomposition by ozone was enhanced by the presence of humic acid at concentrations lower than 8mgCL(-1) and then inhibited at higher concentrations. It is possible that the presence of the soluble humic acid fraction during the ozonation of TCE in acetic acid solutions produces hydroxyl radicals during the TCE ozonation which appears to be the reason for the enhanced TCE decomposition rate. Solid humic acid reduced TCE decomposition rate by acting as an ozone scavenger. Similarly, sorbed TCE reduced the amount of TCE available for decomposition by ozone in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Alcántara-Garduño
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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