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Guo L, Shi Y, Li KW, Yan J, Hong ZN, Jiang J, Xu RK. Rapid assessment of soil accessible Cr(Ⅵ) in the field by a portable RGB color sensor. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116117. [PMID: 38377780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Field rapid determination of soil accessible Cr(Ⅵ) is of great significance for on-site assessment and decision-making about the health risks of contaminated sites. When the thickness of solutions with various concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) is constant, there would be a quantitative relationship between the chromogenic difference of Cr(Ⅵ) solutions and the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ). The chromogenic difference could be described by Red (R), Green (G), Blue (B) values. Based on the chromogenic reaction between 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and Cr(Ⅵ), this study first established the calibration curve between the chromogenic difference and the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in standard solution with or without 0.01 M CaCl2, using an RGB color sensor. This is the subsequent determination basis of the method for rapidly assessing accessible Cr(Ⅵ) in the field (M-RGB). Then, the concentration of accessible Cr(Ⅵ) of contaminated soil with "hand-shaking + standing" field extraction method was compared with "end-over-end shaking" laboratory extraction method. Finally, the accessible Cr(Ⅵ) of contaminated soil extractants was determined via M-RGB integrating the field extraction method. Results indicated there was a highly significant linear relationship between colorimetric difference value (∆E) and Cr(Ⅵ) concentration in the range of 0.1-3 mg/L (R2 > 0.99, P < 0.01), based on the Euclidean formula for calculating ∆E. The "hand-shaking + standing" field extraction method was effective in obtaining accessible Cr(Ⅵ) extractants with or without 0.01 M CaCl2, with the high extraction efficiency within 100±1%. The concentrations of accessible Cr(Ⅵ) in various polluted soils determined by M-RGB were consistent with that determined by the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, with the relative error within ±5%, and the relative standard deviation ≤ 20%. The spiked recovery experiments showed that the recovery of M-RGB was between 95% and 105%, which means M-RGB could realize the trace analysis for accessible Cr(Ⅵ) in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangxiaoxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Neng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Billmann M, Hulot C, Pauget B, Badreddine R, Papin A, Pelfrêne A. Oral bioaccessibility of PTEs in soils: A review of data, influencing factors and application in human health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165263. [PMID: 37400023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of metal(loi)ds transported from soil to humans is critical for human health risk assessment (HHRA). In the last two decades, extensive studies have been conducted to better assess human exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by estimating their oral bioaccessibility (BAc) and quantifying the influence of different factors. This study reviews the common in vitro methods used to determine the BAc of PTEs (in particular As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Sb) under specific conditions (particularly in terms of the particle size fraction and validation status against an in vivo model). The results were compiled from soils derived from various sources and allowed the identification of the most important influencing factors of BAc (using single and multiple regression analyses), including physicochemical soil properties and the speciation of the PTEs in question. This review presents current knowledge on integrating relative bioavailability (RBA) in calculating doses from soil ingestion in the HHRA process. Depending on the jurisdiction, validated or non-validated bioaccessibility methods were used, and risks assessors applied different approaches: (i) using default assumptions (i.e., RBA of 1); (ii) considering that bioaccessibility value (BAc) accurately represents RBA (i.e., RBA equal to BAc); (iii) using regression models to convert BAc of As and Pb into RBA as proposed by the USA with the US EPA Method 1340; or (iv) applying an adjustment factor as proposed by the Netherlands and France to use BAc from UBM (Unified Barge Method) protocol. The findings from this review should help inform risk stakeholders about the uncertainties surrounding using bioaccessibility data and provide recommendations for better interpreting the results and using bioaccessibility in risk studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Billmann
- Univ. Lille, IMT Nord Europe, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515-LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, 48 boulevard Vauban, F-59000 Lille, France; Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie, 20 avenue du Grésillé BP 90406, F-49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Corinne Hulot
- Ineris, Parc technologique Alata, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Rabia Badreddine
- Ineris, Parc technologique Alata, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Arnaud Papin
- Ineris, Parc technologique Alata, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Univ. Lille, IMT Nord Europe, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515-LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, 48 boulevard Vauban, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Shi YXX, Cui JQ, Zhang F, Li KW, Jiang J, Xu RK. Effects of soil pH and organic carbon content on in vitro Cr bioaccessibility in Ultisol, Alfisol, and Inceptisol. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139274. [PMID: 37343637 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a toxic heavy metal and its mobility and bioaccessibility in soils are influenced by soil properties. In this study, the soil pH and organic carbon contents of Ultisol, Alfisol, and Inceptisol were adjusted before they were polluted with 230 mg kg-1 Cr(VI). Alkaline digestion, sequential extraction, and an in vitro experiment were conducted to study the valence state, species, and bioaccessibility of Cr in the soils. The results showed that a high soil pH was not favorable for reduction of Cr(VI); therefore the Cr(VI) and exchangeable Cr contents were positively related to soil pH. Soil organic carbon promoted the reduction of Cr(VI). Almost all Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) when the soil organic carbon content reached 10 g kg-1. Chromium bioaccessibility in simulated gastric and intestinal phase solutions was influenced by Cr(VI) and Cr(III) adsorption/desorption, dissolution/precipitation, and redox reactions. Chromium bioaccessibility differences between the gastric and intestinal phases were associated with the Cr(VI)/Cr(III) ratio. Acidic conditions and a high organic carbon content promoted the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). When soil pH was increased from 4.01 to 5.85, Cr(VI) in Alfisol without the addition of humic acid increased from 96.38 to 174.78 mg kg-1, the exchangeable Cr proportion increased from 9.7% to 22.6%, and Cr bioaccessibility increased from 41.29% to 49.14% in the gastric phase and from 41.32% to 48.24% in the intestinal phase. When the organic content increased from 3.95 to 9.28 g kg-1 in Alfisol, Cr(VI) content decreased from 167.66 to 20.52 mg kg-1, which led to a decrease in Cr bioaccessibility from 49.15% to 13.8% in the gastric phase and from 45.85% to 7.67% in the intestinal phase. Therefore, acidic conditions and increasing soil organic carbon levels can reduce the health risk posed by Cr in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Qi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Tang Q, Zhang H, Zhao X, Miao C, Yang P, Zhou Z, Ji Q, Chen L. Speciation, bioaccessibility and human health risk assessment of chromium in solid wastes from an ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120400. [PMID: 36228856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) in solid wastes from ultra-low emission (ULE) coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) could engender adverse effects on environment and human health. Hence, solid waste samples containing bottom ash, fly ash, gypsum and sludge were collected from a typical ULE CFPP in China to study the distribution, speciation, bioaccessibility and human health risk of Cr. The results showed that Cr was depleted in gypsum, whereas significantly enriched in bottom ash, fly ash and sludge comparing with feed coal. The ratios of Cr(VI) to total Cr in solid wastes were relatively low, but the increase of flow fractions in Cr chemical binding forms implied the deterioration of environmental stability. Based on the in vitro simulated digestion methods of solubility bioavailability research consortium (SBRC) and physiologically based extraction test (PBET), the bioaccessibility of Cr in the gastric and intestinal phases reached the highest values in either gypsum or sludge. After incorporating bioaccessibility in human health risk assessment, the carcinogenic risk (CR) within acceptable limits of Cr in solid wastes to adults and children was concluded, with the non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) was all within the safety threshold. The Monte Carlo model was applied to evaluate the uncertainty analysis of human health risk assessment at 5% and 95% confidence interval, and the fitting results were consistent with the calculation results of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children. This study is expected to provide insights for the integration of bioaccessibility into the health risk assessment of Cr in solid wastes from ULE CFPPs, thus is conducive to the disposal of solid wastes and human health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Huiming Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chunhui Miao
- Anhui Xinli Power Technology Consulting Company with Limited Liability, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Pengpeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhongkang Zhou
- Anhui Xinli Power Technology Consulting Company with Limited Liability, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qiaozhen Ji
- Anhui Xinli Power Technology Consulting Company with Limited Liability, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lai Chen
- School of Business, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
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Song Q, Zhang M, Zhong W, Yin Z, Jing C. Speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of tungsten in tungsten ore processing residue. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134856. [PMID: 35533944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten ore processing residue (TOPR) poses a potential risk due to tungsten (W) leaching. However, the leachability of W in TOPR is not well understood. Herein, the mechanism of W leachability from TOPR was investigated using complementary characterization techniques and leaching experiments. Our X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis resolved wolframite in TOPR with a distorted octahedral coordination. The sequential extraction procedure showed that 78% of mobile fraction W in TOPR were bound to Fe oxides, and consequently W leachability was positively correlated with dissolved Fe concentration as evidenced by the general acid neutralizing capacity (GANC) test. The GANC results showed that the W release was negatively correlated with Ca concentration due to CaWO4 precipitation. The in vitro gastrointestinal procedure (IVG) results indicated that organic acids, abundant in fruits and vegetables, significantly improved the bioaccessibility of W from 10% to 20% of total W in TOPR. As a consequence, accidental ingestion of TOPR with a chemical daily intake at 0.8 mg kg-1 day-1 evidenced its emerging concern in the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Wen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhipeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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6
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Assessment of intestinal injury of hexavalent chromium using a modified in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 436:115880. [PMID: 35016909 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal injury assessment of hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) in humans is crucial for quantifying assessment of adverse health risk posed by the intake of Cr (VI)-contaminated water. To overcome the deficiency in simulating human gastric reduction and intestinal absorption, we modified the constituents of simulated gastric fluid in in vitro digestion method by adding reductants glutathione (18 μM) and ascorbic acid (180 μM), which incorporated with human intestinal epithelial model to construct an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (IVGD) model for intestinal injury assessment. Cr-VI bioaccessibility results from IVGD model showed that weak gastric acidity significantly increased the intestinal accessible Cr-VI dose by 22.41-38.43 folds. The time-course intestinal absorption indicated prolongation of intestinal exposure destroyed the intestinal epithelium, and 24 h after Cr-VI treatment was a good time point to perform intestinal absorption and toxicity assessment. A series of cell-based bioassays provided initial warning of adverse effect, suggesting that epithelial integrity exhibited greatest sensitivity to Cr-VI exposure and might be used as a sensitive marker for the toxicity assessment of oral exposure to Cr-VI. Notably, this study provides a feasible strategy for delineation of Cr-VI biotransformation and intestinal injury following ingestion exposure, which contributes to address the toxicity data gap of low-dose exposure in humans and puts forward a reference for intestinal toxicity assessment of other chemicals.
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Wang P, Yin N, Cai X, Du H, Li Z, Sun G, Cui Y. Variability of chromium bioaccessibility and speciation in vegetables: The influence of in vitro methods, gut microbiota and vegetable species. Food Chem 2019; 277:347-352. [PMID: 30502156 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is limited research concentrating on the effects of gut microbiota on the bioaccessibility and speciation of chromium (Cr) in vegetables. In this study, the physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and the unified BARGE method (UBM), were combined with the simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystems (SHIME) to determine the bioaccessibility and speciation of Cr from vegetables. The results showed that the Cr bioaccessibility was the highest in the gastric phase. The Cr bioaccessibility from the water spinach was the highest, and was 1.6-3.4 and 1.1-1.8 times that of leaf lettuce and celery, respectively. The Cr bioaccessibilities of the UBM method were slightly greater than those of the PBET method. Additionally, the gut microbiota increased the Cr bioaccessibility and reduced more toxic Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III) from vegetables. Therefore, our study reveals the possible health risks of consuming Cr-contaminated vegetables based on the bioaccessibility and speciation of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Naiyi Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zejiao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanshan Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Cr(VI) recovery from chromite ore processing residual using an enhanced electrokinetic process by bipolar membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shi YH, Xiao JJ, Feng RP, Liu YY, Liao M, Wu XW, Hua RM, Cao HQ. Factors Affecting the Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, and Spirodiclofen in Human Caco-2 Cells Following in Vitro Digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9139-9146. [PMID: 28915046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how gastrointestinal conditions affect pesticide bioaccessibility and intestinal transepithelial transport of pesticides (difenoconazole, hexaconazole, and spirodiclofen) in humans. We used an in vitro model combining human gastric and intestinal digestion, followed with Caco-2 cell model for human intestinal absorption. Bioaccessibility of three tested pesticides ranged from 25.2 to 76.3% and 10.6 to 79.63% in the gastric and intestinal phases, respectively. A marked trend similar to the normal distribution was observed between bioaccessibility and pH, with highest values observed at pH 2.12 in gastric juice. No significant differences were observed with increasing digestion time; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with the solid-liquid (S/L) ratio, following a logarithmic equation. R2 ranged from 0.9198 to 0.9848 and 0.9526 to 0.9951 in the simulated gastric and intestinal juices, respectively, suggesting that the S/L ratio is also a major factor affecting bioaccessibility. Moreover, significant dose- and time-response effects were subsequently observed for intestinal membrane permeability of difenoconazole, but not for hexaconazole or spirodiclofen. This is the first study to demonstrate the uptake of pesticides by human intestinal cells, aiding quantification of the likely effects on human health and highlighting the importance of considering bioaccessibility in studies of dietary exposure to pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Shi
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Rong-Peng Feng
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Wu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Ri-Mao Hua
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
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Mills CT, Bern CR, Wolf RE, Foster AL, Morrison JM, Benzel WM. Modifications to EPA Method 3060A to Improve Extraction of Cr(VI) from Chromium Ore Processing Residue-Contaminated Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11235-11243. [PMID: 28892376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that EPA Method 3060A does not adequately extract Cr(VI) from chromium ore processing residue (COPR). We modified various parameters of EPA 3060A toward understanding the transformation of COPR minerals in the alkaline extraction and improving extraction of Cr(VI) from NIST SRM 2701, a standard COPR-contaminated soil. Aluminum and Si were the major elements dissolved from NIST 2701, and their concentrations in solution were correlated with Cr(VI). The extraction fluid leached additional Al and Si from the method-prescribed borosilicate glass vessels which appeared to suppress the release of Cr(VI). Use of polytetrafluoroethylene vessels and intensive grinding of NIST 2701 increased the amount of Cr(VI) extracted. These modifications, combined with an increased extraction fluid to sample ratio of ≥900 mL g-1 and 48-h extraction time resulted in a maximum release of 1274 ± 7 mg kg-1 Cr(VI). This is greater than the NIST 2701 certified value of 551 ± 35 mg kg-1 but less than 3050 mg kg-1 Cr(VI) previously estimated by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Some of the increased Cr(VI) may have resulted from oxidation of Cr(III) released from brownmillerite which rapidly transformed during the extractions. Layered-double hydroxides remained stable during extractions and represent a potential residence for unextracted Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Mills
- U.S. Geological Survey , Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, MS964D, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Carleton R Bern
- U.S. Geological Survey , Colorado Water Science Center, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Ruth E Wolf
- PerkinElmer, Incorporated , 75 Nicholson Lane, San Jose, California 95132, United States
| | - Andrea L Foster
- U.S. Geological Survey , Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jean M Morrison
- U.S. Geological Survey , Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, MS964D, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - William M Benzel
- U.S. Geological Survey , Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
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Unda-Calvo J, Martínez-Santos M, Ruiz-Romera E. Chemical and physiological metal bioaccessibility assessment in surface bottom sediments from the Deba River urban catchment: Harmonization of PBET, TCLP and BCR sequential extraction methods. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:260-270. [PMID: 28081488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the physiologically based extraction test PBET (gastric and intestinal phases) and two chemical based extraction methods, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the sequential extraction procedure BCR 701 (Community Bureau of Reference of the European Commission) have been used to estimate and evaluate the bioaccessibility of metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb) in sediments from the Deba River urban catchment. The statistical analysis of data and comparison among physiological and chemical methods have highlighted the relevance of simulate the gastrointestinal tract environment since metal bioaccessibility seems to depend on water and sediment properties such as pH, redox potential and organic matter content, and, primordially, on the form in which metals are present in the sediment. Indeed, metals distributed among all fractions (Mn, Ni, Zn) were the most bioaccessible, followed by those predominantly bound to oxidizable fraction (Cu, Cr and Pb), especially near major urban areas. Finally, a toxicological risk assessment was also performed by determining the hazard quotient (HQ), which demonstrated that, although sediments from mid- and downstream sampling points presented the highest metal bioaccessibilities, were not enough to have adverse effects on human health, Cr being the most potentially toxic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Unda-Calvo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Alameda Urquijo z/g, Bilbao 48013, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Miren Martínez-Santos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Alameda Urquijo z/g, Bilbao 48013, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Estilita Ruiz-Romera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Alameda Urquijo z/g, Bilbao 48013, Basque Country, Spain.
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12
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Hamad SH, Schauer JJ, Shafer MM, Al-Rheem EA, Skaar PS, Heo J, Tejedor-Tejedor I. Risk assessment of total and bioavailable potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban soils of Baghdad-Iraq. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 494-495:39-48. [PMID: 25029503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The solubility of soil-associated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in surrogate biological fluids provides valuable information about their potential health hazard. This work addresses the concentrations and bioaccessibility of nine PTEs (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in thirty eight agricultural land and playground soils collected from a semi-arid urban area of Baghdad-Iraq. Two surrogate biological fluids (SBFs), macrophage vacuole (MS) and gastric (GS) solutions, were used to extract the metals to simulate the biological availability of the PTEs via inhalation and ingestion exposure routes. ICP/AES was used to quantify PTEs in both strong acid digests (for total concentration), and in the SBF extracts. Soil contamination factors showed that some sites exhibited elevated levels of As (36 ± 10 mg/kg), however, these levels of As are not likely to have significant human health impacts whether the particulate arsenic is ingested or/and inhaled. Soil-geochemical variables (including: pH, EC, CO3(=), soil organic carbon (SOC)) and major elements (e.g. Al, Ca, and Fe) were used to interpret the lability of PTEs in the soils. Hazardous index (HI) based non-cancer risk of inhalation and ingestion of PTEs was estimated to be 2-fold higher for that based on total element concentrations compared with that for bioavailable fractions for both children and adults. A similar conclusion was reached for the estimated cancer risk (which was lower than the threshold level of concern for children and adults). A sensitivity analysis showed that there is a 97% chance for children and 90% for adults to have hazardous indices of the total PTEs >1 (the acceptable value); the corresponding metrics for the bioavailable fraction of the elements were 39% for children, and 3% for adults; these results were sensitive to the concentrations of "airborne" soil particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samera H Hamad
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park Str., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park Str., Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agricultural Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA.
| | - Martin M Shafer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park Str., Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agricultural Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA.
| | | | - Pamela S Skaar
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agricultural Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA.
| | - Jongbae Heo
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park Str., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Isabel Tejedor-Tejedor
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park Str., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Du J, Che D, Zhang J, Jing C. Rapid on-site separation of As(III) and As(V) in waters using a disposable thiol-modified sand cartridge. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1692-1696. [PMID: 24619954 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The rapid redox transformation of arsenic (As) species in waters presents a great environmental challenge in the accurate determination of its concentration and toxicity. The motivation of the present study was therefore to develop a method for rapid on-site separation of As(V) and As(III) in various aqueous matrices. The authors synthesized a thiol-modified sand (T-sand) that selectively removed As(III) but did not adsorb As(V). The novel application of this T-sand in a disposable cartridge was able to successfully separate As(V) (37-970 µg L(-1) ) and As(III) (not detected to 488 µg L(-1) ) in 23 groundwater samples collected in areas with naturally occurring As. The As speciation results determined with T-sand separation in the field were consistent with those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Furthermore, the T-sand cartridge was applicable in a wide variety of matrices, including groundwater, leachants of the toxicity-characteristic leaching procedure, and extracts from the California waste extraction test; sequential extraction test; and in vitro gastrointestinal extraction. This easy-to-use separation method is especially suitable for routine field monitoring of As speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhou C, Sun T, Gao Q, Alshameri A, Zhu P, Wang H, Qiu X, Ma Y, Yan C. Synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous aluminosilicate molecular sieve from natural halloysite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huang M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Yu Chan C, Wang W, Wang X, Wong MH. Arsenic speciation in total contents and bioaccessible fractions in atmospheric particles related to human intakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 188:37-44. [PMID: 24534614 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Speciation of inorganic trivalent arsenicals (iAs(III)), inorganic pentavalent arsenicals (iAs(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in total arsenic (As) content and its bioaccessible fractions contained in road dust, household air-conditioning (AC) filter dust and PM2.5 was investigated. Inorganic As, especially iAs(V), was observed as the dominant species. Physiologically based extraction test (PBET), an in-vitro gastrointestinal method, was used to estimate the oral As bioaccessibility in coarse particles and the species present in the oral bioaccessible fraction. A composite lung simulating serum was used to mimic the pulmonary condition to extract the respiratory bioaccessible As and its species in PM2.5. Reduction of iAs(V) to iAs(III) occurred in both in-vitro gastrointestinal and lung simulating extraction models. The inorganic As species was the exclusive species for absorption through ingestion and inhalation of atmospheric particles, which was an important exposure route to inorganic As, in addition to drinking water and food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xunwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuen Yu Chan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Du J, Jing C, Duan J, Zhang Y, Hu S. Removal of arsenate with hydrous ferric oxide coprecipitation: effect of humic acid. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:240-247. [PMID: 25076514 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights from the adverse effect of humic acid (HA) on arsenate removal with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) coprecipitation can further our understanding of the fate of As(V) in water treatment process. The motivation of our study is to explore the competitive adsorption mechanisms of humic acid and As(V) on HFO on the molecular scale. Multiple complementary techniques were used including macroscopic adsorption experiments, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, flow-cell attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurement, and charge distribution multisite complexation (CD-MUSIC) modeling. The As(V) removal efficiency was reduced from over 95% to about 10% with the increasing HA concentration to 25 times of As(V) mass concentration. The SERS analysis excluded the HA-As(V) complex formation. The EXAFS results indicate that As(V) formed bidentate binuclear surface complexes in the presence of HA as evidenced by an As-Fe distance of 3.26-3.31 angstroms. The in situ ATR-FTIR measurements show that As(V) replaces surface hydroxyl groups and forms innersphere complex. High concentrations of HA may physically block the surface sites and inhibit the As(V) access. The adsorption of As(V) and HA decreased the point of zero charge of HFO from 7.8 to 5.8 and 6.3, respectively. The CD-MUSIC model described the zeta potential curves and adsorption edges of As(V) and HA reasonably well.
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Guney M, Zagury GJ. Bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Sb in toys and low-cost jewelry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1238-1246. [PMID: 24345102 DOI: 10.1021/es4036122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Children can be exposed to toxic elements in toys and jewelry following ingestion. As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Sb bioavailability was assessed (n = 24) via the in vitro gastrointestinal protocol (IVG), the physiologically based extraction test (PBET), and the European Toy Safety Standard protocol (EN 71-3), and health risks were characterized. Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb were mobilized from 19 metallic toys and jewelry (MJ) and one crayon set. Bioaccessible Cd, Ni, or Pb exceeded EU migratable concentration limits in four to six MJ, depending on the protocol. Using two-phase (gastric + intestinal) IVG or PBET might be preferable over EN 71-3 since they better represent gastrointestinal physiology. Bioaccessible and total metal concentrations were different and not always correlated, indicating that bioaccessibility measurement may provide more accurate risk characterization. More information on impacts of multiple factors affecting metals mobilization from toys and jewelry is needed before recommending specific tests. Hazard index (HI) for Cd, Ni, or Pb were >1 for all six MJ exceeding the EU limits. For infants (6-12 mo old), 10 MJ had HI > 1 for Cd, Cu, Ni, or Pb (up to 75 for Cd and 43 for Pb). Research on prolonged exposure to MJ and comprehensive risk characterization for toys and jewelry exposure is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Guney
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal , Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7 Canada
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Guney M, Zagury GJ. Contamination by ten harmful elements in toys and children's jewelry bought on the North American market. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5921-30. [PMID: 23621131 DOI: 10.1021/es304969n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Toys and children's jewelry may contain metals to which children can be orally exposed. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine total concentrations (TC's) of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Se in toys and jewelry (n = 72) bought on the North American market and compare TC's to regulatory limits, and (2) to estimate oral metal bioavailability in selected items (n = 4) via bioaccessibility testing. For metallic toys and children's jewelry (n = 24) 20 items had TC's exceeding migratable concentration limits (European Union). Seven of seventeen jewelry items did not comply with TC limits in U.S. and Canadian regulations. Samples included articles with very high Cd (37% [w/w]), Pb (65%), and Cu (71%) concentrations. For plastic toys (n = 18), toys with paint or coating (n = 12), and brittle or pliable toys (n = 18), TC's were below the EU migration limits (except in one toy for each category). Bioaccessibility tests showed that a tested jewelry item strongly leached Pb (gastric: 698 μg, intestinal: 705 μg) and some Cd (1.38 and 1.42 μg). Especially in metallic toys and jewelry, contamination by Pb and Cd, and to a lesser extent by Cu, Ni, As, and Sb, still poses an acute problem in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Guney
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
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Dhal B, Thatoi HN, Das NN, Pandey BD. Chemical and microbial remediation of hexavalent chromium from contaminated soil and mining/metallurgical solid waste: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 250-251:272-91. [PMID: 23467183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is a highly toxic non-essential metal for microorganisms and plants, and its occurrence is rare in nature. Lower to higher chromium containing effluents and solid wastes released by activities such as mining, metal plating, wood preservation, ink manufacture, dyes, pigments, glass and ceramics, tanning and textile industries, and corrosion inhibitors in cooling water, induce pollution and may cause major health hazards. Besides, natural processes (weathering and biochemical) also contribute to the mobility of chromium which enters in to the soil affecting the plant growth and metabolic functions of the living species. Generally, chemical processes are used for Cr- remediation. However, with the inference derived from the diverse Cr-resistance mechanism displayed by microorganisms and the plants including biosorption, diminished accumulation, precipitation, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and chromate efflux, bioremediation is emerging as a potential tool to address the problem of Cr(VI) pollution. This review focuses on the chemistry of chromium, its use, and toxicity and mobility in soil, while assessing its concentration in effluents/wastes which becomes the source of pollution. In order to conserve the environment and resources, the chemical/biological remediation processes for Cr(VI) and their efficiency have been summarised in some detail. The interaction of chromium with various microbial/bacterial strains isolated and their reduction capacity towards Cr(VI) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dhal
- Metal Extraction & Forming Division, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831 007, Jharkhand, India
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