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Nayak AK, Rahman MM, Naidu R, Dhal B, Swain CK, Nayak AD, Tripathi R, Shahid M, Islam MR, Pathak H. Current and emerging methodologies for estimating carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: A review. Sci Total Environ 2019; 665:890-912. [PMID: 30790762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the current and emerging analytical methods used in laboratory, field, landscape and regional contexts for measuring soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural soil. Soil depth plays an important role in estimating SOC sequestration. Selecting appropriate sampling design, depth of soil, use of proper analytical methods and base line selection are prerequisites for estimating accurately the soil carbon stocks. Traditional methods of wet digestion and dry combustion (DC) are extensively used for routine laboratory analysis; the latter is considered to be the "gold standard" and superior to the former for routine laboratory analysis. Recent spectroscopic techniques can measure SOC stocks in laboratory and in-situ even up to a deeper depth. Aerial spectroscopy using multispectral and/or hyperspectral sensors located on aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or satellite platforms can measure surface soil organic carbon. Although these techniques' current precision is low, the next generation hyperspectral sensor with improved signal noise ratio will further improve the accuracy of prediction. At the ecosystem level, carbon balance can be estimated directly using the eddy-covariance approach and indirectly by employing agricultural life cycle analysis (LCA). These methods have tremendous potential for estimating SOC. Irrespective of old or new approaches, depending on the resources and research needed, they occupy a unique place in soil carbon and climate research. This paper highlights the overview, potential limitations of various scale-dependent techniques for measuring SOC sequestration in agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Nayak
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - B Dhal
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | - C K Swain
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | - A D Nayak
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | - R Tripathi
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - H Pathak
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
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Tripathi R, Moharana KC, Nayak AD, Dhal B, Shahid M, Mondal B, Mohapatra SD, Bhattacharyya P, Fitton N, Smith P, Shukla AK, Pathak H, Nayak AK. Ecosystem services in different agro-climatic zones in eastern India: impact of land use and land cover change. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:98. [PMID: 30675638 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Land use and land cover (LULC) change have considerable influence on ecosystem services. Assessing change in ecosystem services due to LULC change at different spatial and temporal scales will help to identify suitable management practices for sustaining ecosystem productivity and maintaining the ecological balance. The objective of this study was to investigate variations in ecosystem services in response to LULC change over 27 years in four agro-climatic zones (ACZ) of eastern India using satellite imagery for the year 1989, 1996, 2005, 2011 (Landsat TM) and 2016 (Landsat 8 OLI). The satellite images were classified into six LULC classes, agriculture land, forest, waterbody, wasteland, built-up, and mining area. During the study period (1989 to 2016), forest cover reduced by 5.2%, 13.7%, and 3.6% in Sambalpur, Keonjhar, and Kandhamal districts of Odisha, respectively. In Balasore, agricultural land reduced by 17.2% due to its conversion to built-up land. The value of ecosystem services per unit area followed the order of waterbodies > agricultural land > forests. A different set of indicators, e.g., by explicitly including diversity, could change the rank between these land uses, so the temporal trends within a land use are more important than the absolute values. Total ecosystem services increased by US$ 1296.4 × 105 (50.74%), US$ 1100.7 × 105 (98.52%), US$ 1867 × 105 (61.64%), and US$ 1242.6 × 105 (46.13%) for Sambalpur, Balasore, Kandhamal, and Keonjhar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - K C Moharana
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - A D Nayak
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - B Dhal
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Md Shahid
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - B Mondal
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - S D Mohapatra
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P Bhattacharyya
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Nuala Fitton
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - A K Shukla
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Nabibagh, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - H Pathak
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - A K Nayak
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
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Swain CK, Nayak AK, Bhattacharyya P, Chatterjee D, Chatterjee S, Tripathi R, Singh NR, Dhal B. Greenhouse gas emissions and energy exchange in wet and dry season rice: eddy covariance-based approach. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:423. [PMID: 29938374 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lowland tropical rice-rice system has a unique micrometrological characteristic that affects both energy component and net ecosystem energy. Periodic and seasonal variations of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and energy exchange from irrigated lowland rice-rice ecosystem were studied using open-path eddy covariance (EC) system during the dry (DS) and wet (WS) seasons in 2015. Concurrently, the manual chamber method was employed in nitrous oxide (N2O) measurement efflux. Cumulative net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) was observed highest (- 232.55 g C m-2) during the WS and lowest (- 14.81 g C m-2) during wet fallow (WF). Similarly, the cumulative net ecosystem methane exchange (NEME) was found highest (13,456.5 mg CH4 m-2) during the WS and lowest (2014.3 mg CH4 m-2) during the WF. Surface energy fluxes, i.e., sensible (Hs) and latent heat (LE) fluxes, showed a similar trend. With the advancement of time, the ratio of ecosystem respiration (Re) and gross primary production (GPP) increased. The cumulative global warming potential (GWP) for the two cropping seasons including two fallows was 13,224.1 kg CO2 equivalent ha-1. The GWP and NEME showed a similar trend as soil enzymes and labile carbon pools in both seasons (except GWP at the harvesting stage in the wet season). The mean NEE exhibited a more negative value with decrease in labile pools from panicle initiation to harvesting stage in the WS. Soil labile C and soil enzymes can be used as an indicator of NEE, NEME, and GWP in lowland rice ecology. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of GHG emission and energy exchange in lowland rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Kumar Swain
- Division of Crop Production, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Nayak
- Division of Crop Production, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Pratap Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Dibyendu Chatterjee
- Division of Crop Production, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Division of Crop Production, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Division of Crop Production, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Singh
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, 753003, India
| | - B Dhal
- Division of Crop Production, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
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Dhal B, Das NN, Thatoi HN, Pandey BD. Characterizing toxic Cr(VI) contamination in chromite mine overburden dump and its bacterial remediation. J Hazard Mater 2013; 260:141-149. [PMID: 23747472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) generated due to natural oxidation of chromite mineral present in chromite mine overburden (COB) dumps of Sukinda, India, has been characterized by different physico-chemical methods. The Cr(VI) was found to be associated with goethite matrix at a contamination level of 500 mg Cr(VI)kg(-1) of COB. Bacillus sp. isolated from the overburden sample exhibiting high tolerance to the hexavalent chromium, was used for the remediation of Cr(VI) in the overburden. The process was optimized while varying the parameters such as pH (2-9), pulp density (10-60%) and temperature (25-40 °C). Optimal reduction of more than 98% of Cr(VI) in the COB sample was achieved in 16 h at pH∼7.0 and 60% pulp density with the Bacillus sp. (4.05 × 10(7)cells mL(-1)) in absence of media. The exponential rate equation yielded rate constant value of 2.14 × 10(-1)h(-1) at 60% pulp density. The mode of bio-reduction of Cr(VI) in the overburden sample was established by FT-IR, XRD, EPMA and SEM-EDS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dhal
- Metal Extraction & Forming Division, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, India
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Dhal B, Thatoi HN, Das NN, Pandey BD. Chemical and microbial remediation of hexavalent chromium from contaminated soil and mining/metallurgical solid waste: a review. J Hazard Mater 2013; 250-251:272-91. [PMID: 23467183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is a highly toxic non-essential metal for microorganisms and plants, and its occurrence is rare in nature. Lower to higher chromium containing effluents and solid wastes released by activities such as mining, metal plating, wood preservation, ink manufacture, dyes, pigments, glass and ceramics, tanning and textile industries, and corrosion inhibitors in cooling water, induce pollution and may cause major health hazards. Besides, natural processes (weathering and biochemical) also contribute to the mobility of chromium which enters in to the soil affecting the plant growth and metabolic functions of the living species. Generally, chemical processes are used for Cr- remediation. However, with the inference derived from the diverse Cr-resistance mechanism displayed by microorganisms and the plants including biosorption, diminished accumulation, precipitation, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and chromate efflux, bioremediation is emerging as a potential tool to address the problem of Cr(VI) pollution. This review focuses on the chemistry of chromium, its use, and toxicity and mobility in soil, while assessing its concentration in effluents/wastes which becomes the source of pollution. In order to conserve the environment and resources, the chemical/biological remediation processes for Cr(VI) and their efficiency have been summarised in some detail. The interaction of chromium with various microbial/bacterial strains isolated and their reduction capacity towards Cr(VI) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dhal
- Metal Extraction & Forming Division, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831 007, Jharkhand, India
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A. A, G Nair D, Hansdah K, Dhal B, D. Mehta K, D. Pandey B. Bioremoval of Chromium (III) from Model Tanning Effluent by Novel Microbial Isolate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.ijmee.20120102.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mishra RR, Dhal B, Dutta SK, Dangar TK, Das NN, Thatoi HN. Optimization and characterization of chromium(VI) reduction in saline condition by moderately halophilic Vigribacillus sp. isolated from mangrove soil of Bhitarkanika, India. J Hazard Mater 2012; 227-228:219-226. [PMID: 22677051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A Gram-positive moderately halophilic Cr(VI) tolerant bacterial strain H4, isolated from saline mangrove soil, was identified as Vigribacillus sp. by biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA analysis. In LB medium, the strain could tolerate up to 1000 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) concentration and reduced 90.2 and 99.2% of 100 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) under optimized set of condition within 70 h in absence and presence of 6 wt.% NaCl, respectively. The fitting of time course reduction data to an exponential rate equation yielded the Cr(VI) reduction rate constants in the range (0.69-5.56)×10(-2)h(-1). Analyses of total chromium and bacterial cell associated with reduced product by AAS, SEM/EDS, TEM/SAED, FT-IR and UV-vis-DRS indicated the formation of about 35% of insoluble Cr(III) either as Cr(OH)(3) precipitate in nanometric size or immobilized on the bacterial cell surface while the remaining 65% of reduced chromium was present as soluble Cr(III) in the growth medium. Powder XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the precipitated Cr(OH)(3). The high Cr(VI) reducing ability of the strain under saline condition suggests the Vigribacillus sp. as a new and efficient strain capable of remediating highly saline Cr(VI) polluted industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada 757003, Orissa, India
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Turner L, Dhal B, Hayes J, Mancuso A, Nugent K, Paterson D, Scholten R, Tran C, Peele A. X-ray phase imaging: Demonstration of extended conditions for homogeneous objects. Opt Express 2004; 12:2960-5. [PMID: 19483813 DOI: 10.1364/opex.12.002960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We discuss contrast formation in a propagating x-ray beam. We consider the validity conditions for linear relations based on the transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) and on contrast transfer functions (CTFs). From a single diffracted image, we recover the thickness of a homogeneous object which has substantial absorption and a phase-shift of --0.37 radian.
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