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Cheng Y, Wang J, Fang C, Du Y, Su J, Chen J, Zhang Y. Recent Progresses in Pyrolysis of Plastic Packaging Wastes and Biomass Materials for Conversion of High-Value Carbons: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1066. [PMID: 38674986 PMCID: PMC11054047 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recycling of plastic packaging wastes helps to alleviate the problems of white pollution and resource shortage. It is very necessary to develop high-value conversion technologies for plastic packaging wastes. To our knowledge, carbon materials with excellent properties have been widely used in energy storage, adsorption, water treatment, aerospace and functional packaging, and so on. Waste plastic packaging and biomass materials are excellent precursor materials of carbon materials due to their rich sources and high carbon content. Thus, the conversion from waste plastic packaging and biomass materials to carbon materials attracts much attention. However, closely related reviews are lacking up to now. In this work, the pyrolysis routes of the pyrolysis of plastic packaging wastes and biomass materials for conversion to high-value carbons and the influence factors were analyzed. Additionally, the applications of these obtained carbons were summarized. Furthermore, the limitations of the current pyrolysis technology are put forward and the research prospects are forecasted. Therefore, this review can provide a useful reference and guide for the research on the pyrolysis of plastic packaging wastes and biomass materials and the conversion to high-value carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Cheng
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Changqing Fang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanli Du
- Shaanxi Zhonghe Dadi Industrial Limited Company, Xianyang 712099, China;
| | - Jian Su
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingshuan Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
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Ogugua PC, Su H, Wang E. Synergistic blending of biomass, sewage sludge, and coal for enhanced bioenergy production: Exploring residue combinations and optimizing thermal conversion parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120035. [PMID: 38244407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Creating renewable energy from lignocellulosic biomass is essential for a sustainable future. Due to their abundance and the possibility of producing cheap and clean energy, non-lignocellulosic wastes like sewage sludge from industrial and municipal wastes have drawn attention as a feasible alternative to fossil fuels. These abundant, cost-effective resources may help minimize the effects of climate change since they produce less pollution. Several drawbacks are associated with using sewage sludge in thermal conversion procedures. These issues encompass suboptimal energy yield, elevated ash levels in the final product, and subpar biomass quality. Using these scraps in conjunction with coal might enhance energy conversion processes. This study has revealed the necessity for further investigation into how various combinations of residues interact with each other, influencing synergistic effects and degradation processes. The study's underlying objective was to provide a centralized database on the synergistic effects of mixing biomass and sewage sludge for bioenergy production, coal and biomass, and coal and sewage sludge through thermochemical processes like combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrolysis with Aspen Plus. This study will assist in enhancing biofuels' output from sewage sludge, coal, and coal/biomass blends in thermal conversion by defining the operating parameters (temperature, heat, and residence duration) of pyrolysis and combustion, features, and chemical properties that may influence these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chinonso Ogugua
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huihui Su
- School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Enlu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Mun H, Ri C, Liu Q, Tang J. Characteristics of ball-milled PET plastic char for the adsorption of different types of aromatic organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:77685-77697. [PMID: 35680752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ball-milled plastic char (BMPC) was manufactured by ball-milling of native plastic char (PC) that was synthesized via slow pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottle waste, and its adsorption characteristics of aqueous phenanthrene (PHE), phenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and its possible mechanisms were investigated. With the increase of PC pyrolysis temperature, the specific surface area of BMPC increased obviously, forming larger functional groups compared to PC. Boehm titration showed that total acidic groups of BMPC decreased significantly with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The sorption kinetics of three adsorbates was adequately simulated by pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.99). Langmuir model fitted well the adsorption isotherms of PHE and phenol, while Freundlich model simulated the adsorption isotherm of 2,4,6-TCP better. The adsorption amount of PHE, phenol, and 2,4,6-TCP increased significantly as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The maximum BMPC adsorption capacity reached 21.9 mg·g-1 (for PHE), 106 mg·g-1 (for phenol), and 303 mg·g-1 (for 2,4,6-TCP) at 25 °C in aqueous solution. FTIR analysis suggested that surface sorption-based π-π interaction was a dominant mechanism of PHE adsorption; meanwhile, H-bonding between O-containing groups on BMPC and hydroxyl groups of adsorbates was responsible for phenol and 2,4,6-TCP removal. This paper shows that BMPC can be used as adsorbent for treating aromatic compounds in aqueous environment and has an economic worth of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokchol Mun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Institute of Natural Energy, State Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang, North Korea
| | - Cholnam Ri
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Institute of Microbiology, State Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang, North Korea
| | - Qinglong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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4
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Weldekidan H, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Upcycling of Plastic Wastes and Biomass for Sustainable Graphitic Carbon Production: A Critical Review. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:510-522. [PMID: 36411867 PMCID: PMC9673229 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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Upcycling of waste plastics diverts plastics from landfill,
which
helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Graphitic carbon is an
interesting material with a wide range of applications in electronics,
energy storage, fuel cells, and even as advanced fillers for polymer
composites. It is a very strong and highly conductive material consisting
of weakly bound graphene layers arranged in a hexagonal structure.
There are different ways of synthesizing graphitic carbons, of which
the co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes is a promising approach
for large-scale production. Highly graphitized carbon with surface
areas in the range of 201 m2/g was produced from the co-pyrolysis
of polyethylene and pinewood at 600 °C. Similarly, porous carbon
having a superior discharge capacity (290 mAh/g) was developed from
the co-pyrolysis of sugar cane and plastic polymers with catalysts.
The addition of plastic wastes including polyethylene and high-density
polyethylene to the pyrolysis of biomass tends to increase the surface
area and improve the discharge capacity of the produced graphitic
carbons. Likewise, temperature plays an important role in enhancing
the carbon content and thereby the quality of the graphitic carbon
during the co-pyrolysis process. The application of metal catalysts
can reduce the graphitization temperature while at the same time improve
the quality of the graphitic carbon by increasing the carbon contents.
This work reports some typical graphitic carbon preparation methods
from the co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes for the first
time including thermochemical methods, exfoliation methods, template-based
production methods, and salt-based methods. The factors affecting
the graphitic char quality during the conversion processes are reviewed
critically. Moreover, the current state-of-the-art characterization
technologies such as Raman, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
are discussed in detail, and finally, an overview on the applications,
scalability, and future trends of graphitic-like carbons is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haftom Weldekidan
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Lee H, Papari S, Bernardini G, Ciuffi B, Rosi L, Berruti F. Value‐added products from waste: Slow pyrolysis of used polyethylene‐lined paper coffee cup waste. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources, Faculty of Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Sadegh Papari
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources, Faculty of Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Giulio Bernardini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze Firenze Italy
| | - Benedetta Ciuffi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze Firenze Italy
| | - Luca Rosi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze Firenze Italy
| | - Franco Berruti
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources, Faculty of Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada
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6
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Recent Advances in the Decontamination and Upgrading of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Products: An Overview. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research on the production of energy and valuable materials from plastic waste using pyrolysis has been widely conducted during recent years. Succeeding in demonstrating the sustainability of this technology economically and technologically at an industrial scale is a great challenge. In most cases, crude pyrolysis products cannot be used directly for several reasons, including the presence of contaminants. This is confirmed by recent studies, using advanced characterization techniques such as two-dimensional gas chromatography. Thus, to overcome these limitations, post-treatment methods, such as dechlorination, distillation, catalytic upgrading and hydroprocessing, are required. Moreover, the integration of pyrolysis units into conventional refineries is only possible if the waste plastic is pre-treated, which involves sorting, washing and dehalogenation. The different studies examined in this review showed that the distillation of plastic pyrolysis oil allows the control of the carbon distribution of different fractions. The hydroprocessing of pyrolytic oil gives promising results in terms of reducing contaminants, such as chlorine, by one order of magnitude. Recent developments in plastic waste and pyrolysis product characterization methods are also reported in this review. The application of pyrolysis for energy generation or added-value material production determines the economic sustainability of the process.
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7
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Pihl O, Khaskhachikh V, Kravetskaja J, Niidu A, Siirde A. Co-Pyrolysis of Estonian Oil Shale with Polymer Wastes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31658-31666. [PMID: 34869989 PMCID: PMC8637948 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of polymeric wastes is important for both energy recovery and raw material processing. In light of the EU Green Deal, the oil shale industry is looking for new opportunities to use its production potential. As an intermediate stage, the co-pyrolysis of oil shale with waste plastic and tires will be considered acceptable. The article presents the kinetics of pyrolysis of Estonian oil shale, the main polymer components of municipal waste, and their mixtures with oil shale by the thermogravimetric analysis method. The influence of each component separately on the process of sample weight loss during co-pyrolysis was also studied. It is shown that when plastics are added to oil shale, the experimental and calculated data coincide according to the principle of the additive contribution of each component. Kinetic parameters were calculated according to the Coats-Redfern integral method and show that during the co-pyrolysis of mixtures of oil shale with polymer wastes, the value of the activation energy increases in comparison with the pyrolysis of oil shale. Based on the experimental data, it was determined that there is a manifestation of a synergistic effect in the form of an increase in the yield of liquid products during the co-pyrolysis of oil shale and polymer wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pihl
- Oil
Shale Competence Centre, TalTech Virumaa College, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Khaskhachikh
- Oil
Shale Competence Centre, TalTech Virumaa College, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Julia Kravetskaja
- Oil
Shale Competence Centre, TalTech Virumaa College, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Allan Niidu
- Oil
Shale Competence Centre, TalTech Virumaa College, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andres Siirde
- Department
of Energy Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
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8
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Harussani MM, Rashid U, Sapuan SM, Abdan K. Low-Temperature Thermal Degradation of Disinfected COVID-19 Non-Woven Polypropylene-Based Isolation Gown Wastes into Carbonaceous Char. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3980. [PMID: 34833277 PMCID: PMC8622896 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yields of carbonaceous char with a high surface area were enhanced by decreasing the temperature to improve the conversion of hazardous plastic polypropylene (PP), the major component in abundantly used isolation gowns. This study applied pyrolysis with different low pyrolytic temperatures to convert disinfected PP-based isolation gown waste (PP-IG) into an optimised amount of char yields. A batch reactor with a horizontal furnace was used to mediate the thermal decomposition of PP-IG. Enhanced surface area and porosity value of PP-IG derived char were obtained via an optimised slow pyrolysis approach. The results showed that the amount of yielded char was inversely proportional to the temperature. This process relied heavily on the process parameters, especially pyrolytic temperature. Additionally, as the heating rate decreased, as well as longer isothermal residence time, the char yields were increased. Optimised temperature for maximum char yields was recorded. The enhanced SBET values for the char and its pore volume were collected, ~24 m2 g-1 and ~0.08 cm3 g-1, respectively. The char obtained at higher temperatures display higher volatilisation and carbonisation. These findings are beneficial for the utilisation of this pyrolysis model in plastic waste management and conversion of PP-IG waste into char for further activated carbon and fuel briquettes applications, with the enhanced char yields, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Harussani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Khalina Abdan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Hussain Z, Khan A, Naz MY, Jan MR, Khan KM, Perveen S, Ullah S, Shukrullah S. Borax‐catalyzed valorization of waste rubber and polyethylene using pyrolysis and copyrolysis reactions. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan
| | | | | | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | | | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
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10
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Characterization and Use of Char Produced from Pyrolysis of Post-Consumer Mixed Plastic Waste. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the pyrolysis of post-consumer mixed plastic waste (polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene film (PE)) is carried out. The solid product of the pyrolysis is characterized and tested for its use as adsorbent of lead present in aqueous media. The pyrolysis temperature has a great influence on the solid product yield, decreasing when the temperature increases. The highest yield to solid product obtained is from the pyrolysis of film at lower temperature (450 °C), reaching almost 14%. The results of product solid characterization reveal that the carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content decreases with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Furthermore, both the ash and the volatile content are related to the pyrolysis temperature. The ash content is higher when the pyrolysis temperature is higher, while when the temperature increases, a solid product with lower volatile content is obtained. In respect to specific surface area, a higher pyrolysis temperature improves the properties of the solid product as an adsorbent. The adsorption capacity increases as the pyrolysis temperature increases, with the highest value of 7.91 mg/g for the solid obtained in the pyrolysis at 550 °C. In addition, adsorption capacity increases as the initial concentration of lead rises, reaching a maximum value close to 26 mg/g for an initial concentration of 40 mg/L. The Sips model is the one that best reproduces the experimental results of the adsorption process equilibrium study.
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11
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Sørmo E, Silvani L, Bjerkli N, Hagemann N, Zimmerman AR, Hale SE, Hansen CB, Hartnik T, Cornelissen G. Stabilization of PFAS-contaminated soil with activated biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144034. [PMID: 33360959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochars are considered potential sustainable sorbents to reduce the leaching of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from contaminated soils. However, biochar characteristics must probably be optimized to achieve useful sorption capacity. In the present work, eight waste timber biochars were produced, including biochars activated to different degrees, at different temperatures, and using both steam and CO2. In laboratory batch experiments, the eight biochars were amended to soil samples from two different horizons, with low and high total organic carbon (TOC, 1.6% and 34.2%, respectively), of a heavily PFAS-contaminated soil (1200-3800 μg kg-1 PFAStot), at varying doses (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0%). With a 5% amendment to the low-TOC soil, all eight biochars resulted in strongly reduced leachate PFAS concentrations (by 98-100%). At the same amendment dose in the high-TOC soil, leachate concentration reductions were more modest (23-100%). This was likely due to a strong PFAS-sorption to the high-TOC soil itself, as well as biochar pore clogging in the presence of abundant organic matter, resulting in fewer sorption sites available to PFAS. Reduction in PFAS leaching was proportional to the degree of activation and activation temperature. Thus, lower amendment doses of activated biochars were needed to reduce PFAS leaching to the same level as with the non-activated biochar. Activation however, came at a tradeoff with biochar yield. Furthermore, the adsorption ability of these biochars increased proportionally with PFAS-fluorocarbon chain length, demonstrating the role of hydrophobic interactions in reduction of PFAS leaching. Development of internal surface area and porosity was proposed as the main factor causing the improved performance of activated biochars. This study shows that woody residues such as waste timber can be used to produce effective sorbents for the remediation of PFAS-contaminated soil. It also highlights the desirability of sorbate and matrix-specific optimization of biochar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Sørmo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management (MINA), University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Ludovica Silvani
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Bjerkli
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management (MINA), University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Nikolas Hagemann
- Agroscope, Reckenholz, Switzerland; Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies, Arbaz, Switzerland and Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrew R Zimmerman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline B Hansen
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management (MINA), University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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12
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A Comprehensive Review on Thermal Coconversion of Biomass, Sludge, Coal, and Their Blends Using Thermogravimetric Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5024369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a vital resource for providing clean future energy with a sustainable environment. Besides lignocellulosic residues, nonlignocellulosic residues such as sewage sludge from industrial and municipal wastes are gained much attention due to its large quantities and ability to produce cheap and clean energy to potentially replace fossil fuels. These cheap and abundantly resources can reduce global warming owing to their less polluting nature. The low-quality biomass and high ash content of sewage sludge-based thermal conversion processes face several disadvantages towards its commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize these residues in combination with coal for improvement in energy conversion processes. As per author information, no concrete study is available to discuss the synergy and decomposition mechanism of residues blending. The objective of this study is to present the state-of-the-art review based on the thermal coconversion of biomass/sewage sludge, coal/biomass, and coal/sewage sludge blends through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to explore the synergistic effects of the composition, thermal conversion, and blending for bioenergy production. This paper will also contribute to detailing the operating conditions (heating rate, temperature, and residence time) of copyrolysis and cocombustion processes, properties, and chemical composition that may affect these processes and will provide a basis to improve the yield of biofuels from biomass/sewage sludge, coal/sewage sludge, and coal/biomass blends in thermal coconversion through thermogravimetric technique. Furthermore, the influencing factors and the possible decomposition mechanism are elaborated and discussed in detail. This study will provide recent development and future prospects for cothermal conversion of biomass, sewage, coal, and their blends.
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14
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Abstract
Plastics are widely used owing to their light weight, easy production, and low cost. Even though plastics find application in different fields of industries and households, they do not degrade easily. If plastics are not disposed of appropriately, it has been shown that they cause widespread environmental pollution, which poses risks to human health. Recycling waste plastics has been an alternative to mitigating plastic pollution, which usually requires high labour costs and produces contaminated water during processing. If plastic recycling will contribute to the development of tribological products like lubricating oils, it is a safer alternative to disposing of plastics in the environment. In order to understand the tribological use of plastics by recycling, the present study reviews different techniques that can be employed to transform waste plastics into petroleum-based oils. The viscosity, density, and friction of pyrolyzed waste plastic oils are investigated and compared with commercial lubricants to assess their potential lubrication applications. The segregation processes, catalytic isomerization dewaxing, and Fischer–Tropsch method to recycle waste plastics are also reviewed to provide an insight into the methods to transform pyrolyzed waste plastic into lubricants.
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15
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Gabhane JW, Bhange VP, Patil PD, Bankar ST, Kumar S. Recent trends in biochar production methods and its application as a soil health conditioner: a review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Wu F, Ben H, Yang Y, Jia H, Wang R, Han G. Effects of Different Conditions on Co-Pyrolysis Behavior of Corn Stover and Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040973. [PMID: 32331357 PMCID: PMC7240512 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrolysis behavior of corn stover and polypropylene during co-pyrolysis was studied using a tube furnace reactor. The effects of mixing ratio of corn stover and polypropylene, pyrolysis temperature, addition amount of catalyst (HZSM-5) and reaction atmosphere (N2 and CO2) on the properties of pyrolysis products were studied. The results showed that co-pyrolysis of corn stover and polypropylene can increase the yield of pyrolysis oil. When corn stover:polypropylene = 1:3, the yield of pyrolysis oil was as high as 52.1%, which was 4.5% higher than the theoretical value. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the yield of pyrolysis oil increased first and then decreased, and reached the optimal yield at 550 °C. The addition of catalyst (HZSM-5) reduced the proportion of oxygenates and promoted the generation of aromatic hydrocarbons. CO2 has a certain oxidation effect on the components of pyrolysis oil, which promoted the increase of oxygen-containing aromatics and the reduction of deoxy-aromatic hydrocarbons. This study identified the theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of plastic and biomass energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
| | - Haoxi Ben
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-5107-5775
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
| | - Hang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.J.); (R.W.)
| | - Guangting Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
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17
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Sogancioglu M, Yel E, Ahmetli G. Behaviour of waste polypropylene pyrolysis char-based epoxy composite materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3871-3884. [PMID: 31823261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polypropylene (PP) plastic wastes were pyrolysed. Solid pyrolysis product (char) was used as filler material for the preparation of epoxy composite. 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C were selected as final pyrolysis temperatures. Solid pyrolysis product (char) was analysed by elemental, FTIR, SEM, BET and TGA analysis. The epoxy composite samples were prepared with char obtained from pyrolysis. Mechanical properties of composites were analysed by hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, electrical conductivity tests to explain the effects of pyrolysis temperature and char doses over composite properties. Thermogravimetric properties of composites were determined by TGA analyses. The water absorption behaviour of composite samples was determined by water adsorption test. Epoxy composite produced from PP char obtained under 300 °C showed the most ideal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Sogancioglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Environmental Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Esra Yel
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Environmental Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulnare Ahmetli
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Chemical Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
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18
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Jayawardhana Y, Mayakaduwa SS, Kumarathilaka P, Gamage S, Vithanage M. Municipal solid waste-derived biochar for the removal of benzene from landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1739-1753. [PMID: 28516245 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of biochar, produced from fibrous organic fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW), for remediation of benzene, one of the frequently found toxic volatile organic compounds in landfill leachate, was investigated in this study based on various environmental conditions such as varying pH, benzene concentration, temperature and time. At the same time, landfill leachate quality parameters were assessed at two different dump sites in Sri Lanka: Gohagoda and Kurunegala. MSW biochar (MSW-BC) was produced by slow temperature pyrolysis at 450 °C, and the physiochemical characteristics of the MSW-BC were characterized. All the leachate samples from the MSW dump sites exceeded the World Health Organization permissible level for benzene (5 µg/L) in water. Removal of benzene was increased with increasing pH, with the highest removal observed at ~pH 9. The maximum adsorption capacity of 576 µg/g was reported at room temperature (~25 °C). Both Freundlich and Langmuir models fitted best with the equilibrium isotherm data, suggesting the involvement of both physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. Thermodynamic data indicated the feasibility of benzene adsorption and its high favorability at higher temperatures. The values of [Formula: see text] suggested physical interactions between sorbate and sorbent, whereas kinetic data implied a significant contribution of chemisorption. Results obtained from FTIR provided clear evidence of the involvement of functional groups in biochar for benzene adsorption. This study suggests that MSW biochar could be a possible remedy for benzene removal from landfill leachate and at the same time MSW can be a potential source to produce biochar which acts as a prospective material to remediate its pollutants while reducing the volume of waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Jayawardhana
- Environmental Chemodynamics Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - S S Mayakaduwa
- Environmental Chemodynamics Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Prasanna Kumarathilaka
- Environmental Chemodynamics Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sewwandi Gamage
- Faculty of Technology, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Environmental Chemodynamics Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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19
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Oh SY, Seo TC. Upgrading biochar via co-pyrolyzation of agricultural biomass and polyethylene terephthalate wastes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28284-28290. [PMID: 35530497 PMCID: PMC9071198 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) bottles were collected and co-pyrolyzed with rice straw (RS) to examine the characteristics and performance of biochar as a sorbent for various types of U.S. EPA priority pollutants, including 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), Pb, chromate (CrO42−), and selenate (SeO42−). During sorption of contaminants to PETE/RS-derived biochar, PETE residues from pyrolysis, pH, and pyrolysis temperature greatly affected the sorption process. Depending on the types of contaminants and experimental conditions, co-pyrolysis of PETE and RS may enhance the sorption of contaminants through different sorption mechanisms, including hydrophobicity, electrostatic force, ion exchange, surface complexation, and surface precipitation. Unlike other contaminants, selenate was reductively transformed by delocalized electrons from the graphitic structure in biochar. Our results strongly suggest that co-pyrolysis of PETE and agricultural wastes may be favorable to enhance the properties of biochar. In addition to syn-gas and bio-oil from co-pyrolysis, biochar may be a valuable by-product for commercial use. Spent polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) bottles were co-pyrolyzed with rice straw to examine the performance of biochar as a sorbent for various types of pollutants, including 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dichlorophenol, Pb, chromate, and selenate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Young Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- South Korea
| | - Tae-Cheol Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- South Korea
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20
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Li S, Feng J, Tian S, Lan S, Fan C, Liu X, Xiong Y. Tuning role and mechanism of paint sludge for characteristics of sewage sludge carbon: Paint sludge as a new macro-pores forming agent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:657-668. [PMID: 29154091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, paint sludge waste (PS) was used as a pore forming agent in the preparation of sewage sludge derived carbon (SC). The tuning role and mechanism of PS for characteristics of SC were explored. It was found that a sludge carbon (SCPS-Zn) with rich macro-, meso- and micro- porous could be produced by one-step pyrolytic process of sludge in the presence of PS and ZnCl2. Its surface area could reach as high as 680.5m2g-1 as 88.4 times and 4.8 times of sludge carbon without addition of PS and ZnCl2 (SC) and only addition of ZnCl2 (SCZn), respectively. The macro- pores fabricated by PS provided much inner-space for ZnCl2 to generate meso- and micro- porous, leading to a hierarchical porous structure. SCPS-Zn showed a high adsorption capacity of 685.4mgg-1 for Chrysophenine, which is 1.3 and 1.7 times that of SCPS and SCZn respectively. The adsorption difference could be simply attributed to the fact that the great molecules were difficult to enter micro- pores of SCZn. It was also found that the difference was also dependent on orientation of Chrysophenine, which was related to pH value of solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Li
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen(Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Jinxi Feng
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen(Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Shuanghong Tian
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen(Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Shenyu Lan
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen(Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Chao Fan
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen(Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen(Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Ya Xiong
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen(Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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21
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Saleem J, Adil Riaz M, Gordon M. Oil sorbents from plastic wastes and polymers: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 341:424-437. [PMID: 28818816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A large volume of the waste produced across the world is composed of polymers from plastic wastes such as polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) amongst others. For years, environmentalists have been looking for various ways to overcome the problems of such large quantities of plastic wastes being disposed of into landfill sites. On the other hand, the usage of synthetic polymers as oil sorbents in particular, polyolefins, including polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) have been reported. In recent years, the idea of using plastic wastes as the feed for the production of oil sorbents has gained momentum. However, the studies undertaking such feasibility are rather scattered. This review paper is the first of its kind reporting, compiling and reviewing these various processes. The production of an oil sorbent from plastic wastes is being seen to be satisfactorily achievable through a variety of methods Nevertheless, much work needs to be done regarding further investigation of the numerous parameters influencing production yields and sorbent qualities. For example, differences in results are seen due to varying operating conditions, experimental setups, and virgin or waste plastics being used as feeds. The field of producing oil sorbents from plastic wastes is still very open for further research, and seems to be a promising route for both waste reduction, and the synthesis of value-added products such as oil sorbents. In this review, the research related to the production of various oil sorbents based on plastics (plastic waste and virgin polymer) has been discussed. Further oil sorbent efficiency in terms of oil sorption capacity has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Saleem
- Division of Sustainability, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adil Riaz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - McKay Gordon
- Division of Sustainability, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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22
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Sewu DD, Boakye P, Jung H, Woo SH. Synergistic dye adsorption by biochar from co-pyrolysis of spent mushroom substrate and Saccharina japonica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1142-1149. [PMID: 28869124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of activating terrestrial biomass (spent mushroom substrate, SMS) with ash-laden marine biomass [kelp seaweed, KE] via co-pyrolysis in the field of adsorption was first investigated. KE biochar (KBC), SMS biochar (SMSBC), biochar (SK10BC) from 10%-KE added SMS, and biochar (ESBC) from KE-extract added SMS were used for the adsorption of cationic dye crystal violet (CV). ESBC had highest fixed carbon content (70.60%) and biochar yield (31.6%). SK10BC exhibited high ash content, abundant functional groups, coarser surface morphology and Langmuir maximum adsorptive capacity (610.1mg/g), which is 2.2 times higher than that of SMSBC (282.9mg/g). Biochar activated by a small amount of high ash-containing biomass such as seaweed via co-pyrolysis can serve as viable alternative adsorbent for cationic dye removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine Damertey Sewu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Patrick Boakye
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwansoo Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea; BioGET Inc, Corporate Headquaters, Research Centre, NH05, Pai Chai University Daedeck Vally Campus, 11-3 Techno 1-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Cho DW, Kwon EE, Kwon G, Zhang S, Lee SR, Song H. Co-pyrolysis of paper mill sludge and spend coffee ground using CO2 as reaction medium. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Oh SY, Seo YD. Polymer/biomass-derived biochar for use as a sorbent and electron transfer mediator in environmental applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:77-83. [PMID: 27347801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of polymer and biomass wastes was investigated as a novel method for waste treatment and synthesis of enhanced biochar. Co-pyrolysis of rice straw (RS) with polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS) increased the carbon content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface area and pH of the biochar. As a result, the sorption of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and Pb to polymer/RS-derived biochar was markedly enhanced. The increased aromaticity and hydrophobicity may be responsible for enhancing the DNT sorption to the polymer/RS-derived biochar. In contrast, increasing CEC, higher pH, and the newly developed surface area may account for the enhancement in Pb sorption. The addition of polymer to RS did not significantly change the catalytic role of biochar during the reduction of DNT by dithiothreitol. Our results suggest that co-pyrolysis of RS and polymer can improve the biochar properties to enhance the sorption of DNT and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Young Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Deuk Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
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25
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Torres-Pérez J, Soria-Serna L, Solache-Ríos M, McKay G. One Step Carbonization/Activation Process for Carbonaceous Material Preparation from Pecan Shells for Tartrazine Removal and Regeneration after Saturation. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.33.10.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - L.A. Soria-Serna
- instituto de ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo sin, Zona Pronaf, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, C.P. 32310, México
| | - M. Solache-Ríos
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P.18-1027, Col. Escandón, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, C. P. 11801 México, D. F., México
| | - G. McKay
- Division of Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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26
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Saleem J, Ning C, Barford J, McKay G. Combating oil spill problem using plastic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 44:34-38. [PMID: 26105077 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic polymers (such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high density polyethylene (HDPE)) constitute 5-15% of municipal solid waste produced across the world. A huge quantity of plastic waste is disposed of each year and is mostly either discarded in landfills or incinerated. On the other hand, the usage of synthetic polymers as oil sorbents, in particular, polyolefins, including polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) are the most commonly used oil sorbent materials mainly due to their low cost. However, they possess relatively low oil absorption capacities. In this work, we provide an innovative way to produce a value-added product such as oil-sorbent film with high practical oil uptake values in terms of g/g from waste HDPE bottles for rapid oil spill remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Saleem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Chao Ning
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - John Barford
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Gordon McKay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Wang WL, Chang JM, Cai LP, Shi SQ. Quality improvement of pyrolysis oil from waste rubber by adding sawdust. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:2603-2610. [PMID: 25223439 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed at improving the pyrolysis oil quality of waste rubber by adding larch sawdust. Using a 1 kg/h stainless pyrolysis reactor, the contents of sawdust in rubber were gradually increased from 0%, 50%, 100% and 200% (wt%) during the pyrolysis process. Using a thermo-gravimetric (TG) analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of evolving products (TG-FTIR), the weight loss characteristics of the heat under different mixtures of sawdust/rubber were observed. Using the pyrolysis-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), the vapors from the pyrolysis processes were collected and the compositions of the vapors were examined. During the pyrolysis process, the recovery of the pyrolysis gas and its composition were measured in-situ at a reaction temperature of 450 °C and a retaining time of 1.2s. The results indicated that the efficiency of pyrolysis was increased and the residual carbon was reduced as the percentage of sawdust increased. The adding of sawdust significantly improved the pyrolysis oil quality by reducing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrogen and sulfur compounds contents, resulting in an improvement in the combustion efficiency of the pyrolysis oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-liang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Wood Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jian-min Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Wood Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Li-ping Cai
- Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm, Denton 72076, TX, USA
| | - Sheldon Q Shi
- Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm, Denton 72076, TX, USA.
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28
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Ma Y, Niu R, Wang X, Wang Q, Wang X, Sun X. Co-pyrolysis behaviour and kinetic of two typical solid wastes in China and characterisation of activated carbon prepared from pyrolytic char. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2014; 32:1123-1133. [PMID: 25378256 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14557381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study on the co-pyrolysis of spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and coal tar pitch, and the activated carbon prepared from the pyrolytic char. Thermogravimetry (TG) analysis was carried out taking spent substrate, coal tar pitch and spent substrate-coal tar pitch mixture. The activation energies of pyrolysis reactions were obtained via the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose methods. The kinetic models were determined by the master-plots method. The activated carbons were characterised by N2-adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Experimental results demonstrated a synergistic effect happened during co-pyrolysis, which was characterised by a decreased maximum decomposition rate and an enhanced char yield. The average activation energies of the pyrolysis reactions of spent substrate, coal tar pitch and the mixture were 115.94, 72.92 and 94.38 kJ mol(-1) for the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, and 112.17, 65.62 and 89.91 kJ mol(-1) for the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method. The reaction model functions were f(α) = (1-α)(3.42), (1-α)(1.72) and (1-α)(3.07) for spent substrate, coal tar pitch and the mixture, respectively. The mixture char-derived activated carbon had a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area up to 1337 m(2) g(-1) and a total pore volume of 0.680 cm(3) g(-1). Mixing spent substrate with coal tar pitch led to the creation of more micropores and a higher surface area compared with the single spent substrate and coal tar pitch char. Also, the mixture char-derived activated carbon had a higher proportion of aromatic stacking. This study provides a reference for the utilisation of spent substrate and coal tar pitch via co-pyrolysis, and their pyrolytic char as a promising precursor of activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxuan Niu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Beijing Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Jin H, Capareda S, Chang Z, Gao J, Xu Y, Zhang J. Biochar pyrolytically produced from municipal solid wastes for aqueous As(V) removal: adsorption property and its improvement with KOH activation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:622-629. [PMID: 25103038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biochar converted from waste products is being considered as an alternative adsorbent for removal of aqueous heavy metal(loid)s. In this work, experimental and modeling investigations were conducted to examine the effect of biochars pyrolytically produced from municipal solid wastes on removing aqueous As(V) before and after activated by 2M KOH solution. Results showed that the highest adsorption capacity of pristine biochars was 24.49 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model can preferably describe the adsorption process. The activated biochar showed enhanced As(V) adsorption ability with an adsorption capacity of 30.98 mg/g, which was more than 1.3 times of pristine biochars, and 2-10 times of modified biochars reported by other literatures. Increase of surface area and changes of porous texture, especially the functional groups on the surface of activated biochars are the major contributors to its more efficient adsorption of As(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
| | - Sergio Capareda
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
| | - Zhizhou Chang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Jun Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Yueding Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, PR China
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Lee HW, Choi SJ, Park SH, Jeon JK, Jung SC, Kim SC, Park YK. Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of Laminaria japonica and polypropylene over mesoporous Al-SBA-15 catalyst. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:376. [PMID: 25136282 PMCID: PMC4130117 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic co-pyrolysis of a seaweed biomass, Laminaria japonica, and a typical polymer material, polypropylene, was studied for the first time. A mesoporous material Al-SBA-15 was used as a catalyst. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). BET surface area, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption were measured to examine the catalyst characteristics. When only L. japonica was pyrolyzed, catalytic reforming slightly increased the gas yield and decreased the oil yield. The H2O content in bio-oil was increased by catalytic reforming from 42.03 to 50.32 wt% due to the dehydration reaction occurring on the acid sites inside the large pores of Al-SBA-15. Acids, oxygenates, mono-aromatics, poly aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolics were the main components of the bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis of L. japonica. Upon catalytic reforming over Al-SBA-15, the main oxygenate species 1,4-anhydro-d-galactitol and 1,5-anhydro-d-manitol were completely removed. When L. japonica was co-pyrolyzed with polypropylene, the H2O content in bio-oil was decreased dramatically (8.93 wt% in the case of catalytic co-pyrolysis), contributing to the improvement of the oil quality. A huge increase in the content of gasoline-range and diesel-range hydrocarbons in bio-oil was the most remarkable change that resulted from the co-pyrolysis with polypropylene, suggesting its potential as a transport fuel. The content of mono-aromatics with high economic value was also increased significantly by catalytic co-pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Won Lee
- Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea
| | - Suek Joo Choi
- Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-950, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ki Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 330-717, South Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-950, South Korea
| | - Sang Chai Kim
- Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan 534-729, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea
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Bernardo M, Mendes S, Lapa N, Gonçalves M, Mendes B, Pinto F, Lopes H, Fonseca I. Removal of lead (Pb2+) from aqueous medium by using chars from co-pyrolysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 409:158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kong L, Xiong Y, Tian S, Luo R, He C, Huang H. Preparation and characterization of a hierarchical porous char from sewage sludge with superior adsorption capacity for toluene by a new two-step pore-fabricating process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:457-462. [PMID: 23954718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A kind of hierarchical porous char (SCCA/Zn) was prepared from sewage sludge by a new two-step pore-fabricating process coupling citric acid (CA) with ZnCl2 in a pyrolysis process. The char was characterized by element analysis, N2-adsorption and mercury intrusion measurement etc. It is found that coupling CA and ZnCl2 can synergistically fabricate pores in the pyrolysis process, resulting in a hierarchical porous char, SCCA/Zn, with the largest SBET of 867.6 m(2) g(-1) due to the fact that the former contributes to the fabrication of macro-pores, which provides more space for fabricating meso- and micro-pores by ZnCl2 activation. Although the SBET of SCCA/Zn was 15% less than that of activated carbon fiber (ACF, SBET=999.5 m(2) g(-1)), SCCA/Zn had a higher toluene adsorption capacity (0.83 g g(-1)) than ACF. The inconsistence between their SBET and adsorption capacity can be ascribed to the strong hydrophobic property of SCCA/Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ya Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Shuanghong Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Rongshu Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Ateş F, Miskolczi N, Borsodi N. Comparision of real waste (MSW and MPW) pyrolysis in batch reactor over different catalysts. Part I: product yields, gas and pyrolysis oil properties. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:443-454. [PMID: 23455219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) and municipal plastic waste (MPW) have been investigated in batch reactor at 500, 550 and 600°C both in absence and presence of catalysts (Y-zeolite, β-zeolite, equilibrium FCC, MoO3, Ni-Mo-catalyst, HZSM-5 and Al(OH)3). The effect of the parameters on the product properties was investigated. Products were characterized using gas-chromatography, GC/MS, (13)C NMR. Yields of volatile fractions increased, while reaction time necessity for the total cracking decreased in the presence of catalysts. Catalysts have productivity and selectivity in converting aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatic and cyclic compounds in oil products. Gases from MSW consisted of hydrogen CO, CO2, while exclusively hydrogen and hydrocarbons were detected from MPW. Catalyst efficiency was higher using MPW than MSW. Pyrolysis oils contained aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, cyclic compounds and less ketones, alcohols, acids or esters depending on the raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Ateş
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iki Eylul Campus, Anadolu University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey
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