1
|
Xu Y, Xian ZN, Yue W, Yin CF, Zhou NY. Degradation of polyvinyl chloride by a bacterial consortium enriched from the gut of Tenebrio molitor larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137944. [PMID: 36702410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a carbon backbone synthetic plastic containing chlorine element, is one of six widely used plastics accounting for 10% global plastics production. PVC wastes are recalcitrant to be broken down in the environment but release harmful chlorinated compounds, causing damage to the ecosystem. Although biodegradation represents a sustainable approach for PVC reduction, virtually no efficient bacterial degraders for additive-free PVC have been reported. In addition, PVC depolymerization by Tenebrio molitor larvae was suggested to be gut microbe-dependent, but to date no additive-free PVC degraders have been isolated from insect guts. In this study, a bacterial consortium designated EF1 was newly enriched from the gut of Tenebrio molitor larvae, which was capable of utilizing additive-free PVC for its growth with the PVC-mass reduction and dechlorination of PVC. PVC films inoculated with consortium EF1 for 30 d were analyzed by diverse polymer characterization methods including atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscope, water contact angle, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis technique, and ion chromatography. It was found that bio-treated PVC films were covered with tight biofilms with increased -OH and -CC- groups and decreased chlorine contents, and erosions and cracks were present on their surfaces. Meanwhile, the hydrophilicity of bio-treated films increased, but their thermal stability declined. Furthermore, Mw, Mn and Mz values were reduced by 17.0%, 28.5% and 16.1% using gel permeation chromatography, respectively. In addition, three medium-chain aliphatic primary alcohols and their corresponding fatty acids were identified as PVC degradation intermediates by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Combing all above results, it is clear that consortium EF1 is capable of efficiently degrading PVC polymer, providing a unique example for PVC degradation by gut microbiota of insects and a feasibility for the removal of PVC wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhuo-Ning Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenlong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao-Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ning-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Liu J, Xu B, Xu A, Cao S, Wei R, Zhou J, Jiang M, Dong W. Biodegradation of polyether-polyurethane foam in yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and effects on the gut microbiome. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135263. [PMID: 35697110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is one of the mass-produced recalcitrant plastics with a high environmental resistance but extremely low biodegradability. Therefore, improperly disposed PU waste adds significantly to plastic pollution, which must be addressed immediately. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports on plastic biodegradation in insect larvae, especially those that can feed on polyethylene and polystyrene. This study revealed that yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae can chew and ingest polyether-PU foams efficiently, resulting in a significant mass loss of nearly 67% after 35 days at a similar survival rate compared to when fed on bran. However, polyether-PU fragments were found in the frass of T. molitor, indicating that polyether-PU biodegradation and bioconversion in intestinal tracts were not complete. The scission of ether and urethane bonds in the polyether-PU can be evidenced by comparing polymer fragments recovered from frass with the pristine ones using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Gel permeation chromatography suggested the release of low-molecular-weight oligomers as a result of the biodegradation, which also resulted in poor thermal stability of the polyether-PU foam as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. High-throughput sequencing of the gut microbiome revealed significant changes in the microbial community populations due to the polyether-PU diet, for example, an increase in the families Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcaceae, suggesting that these microorganisms may contribute to the polyether-PU biodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Anming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Shixiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Ren Wei
- Junior Research Group Plastic Biodegradation, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gilbert EA, Polo ML, Maffi JM, Guastavino JF, Vaillard SE, Estenoz DA. The organic chemistry behind the recycling of poly(bisphenol‐A carbonate) for the preparation of chemical precursors: A review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elangeni Ana Gilbert
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral ‐ CONICET) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Mara Lis Polo
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral ‐ CONICET) Santa Fe Argentina
| | | | - Javier Fernando Guastavino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral ‐ CONICET) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Santiago Eduardo Vaillard
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral ‐ CONICET) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Diana Alejandra Estenoz
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral ‐ CONICET) Santa Fe Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thiyagarajan S, Maaskant-Reilink E, Ewing TA, Julsing MK, van Haveren J. Back-to-monomer recycling of polycondensation polymers: opportunities for chemicals and enzymes. RSC Adv 2021; 12:947-970. [PMID: 35425100 PMCID: PMC8978869 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08217e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plastics in a wide range of applications has grown substantially over recent decades, resulting in enormous growth in production volumes to meet demand. Though a wide range of biomass-derived chemicals and materials are available on the market, the production volumes of such renewable alternatives are currently not sufficient to replace their fossil-based analogues due to various factors, in particular cost-effectiveness. Hence, the majority of plastics are still industrially produced from fossil-based feedstocks. Moreover, various reports have clearly raised concern about the plastics that are not recycled at their end-of-life and instead end up in landfills or the oceans. To avoid further pollution of our planet, it is highly desirable to develop recycling processes that use plastic waste as feedstock. Chemical recycling processes could potentially offer a solution, since they afford monomers from which new polymers can be produced, with the same performance as virgin plastics. In this manuscript, the opportunities for using either chemical or biochemical (i.e., enzymatic) approaches in the depolymerization of polycondensation polymers for recycling purposes are reviewed. Our aim is to highlight the strategies that have been developed so far to break down plastic waste into monomers, providing the first step in the development of chemical recycling processes for plastic waste, and to create a renewed awareness of the need to valorize plastic waste by efficiently transforming it into virgin plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom A Ewing
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs K Julsing
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Haveren
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yue W, Yin CF, Sun L, Zhang J, Xu Y, Zhou NY. Biodegradation of bisphenol-A polycarbonate plastic by Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain NyZ600. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125775. [PMID: 33838511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) is a widely used engineering thermoplastic and its release has caused damage to the ecosystem. Microbial degradation of plastic represents a sustainable approach for PC reduction. In this study, a bacterial strain designated Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain NyZ600 capable of degrading PC was isolated from activated sludge by using diphenyl carbonate as a surrogate substrate. Within a 30-day period of incubating with strain NyZ600, PC films were analyzed with atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscope, water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scan calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis technique. The analyses results indicated that the treated PC films were bio-deteriorated and formed some "corrosion pits" on the PC film surface. In addition, strain NyZ600 performed broad depolymerization of PC indicated by the reduction of Mn from 23.55 to 16.75 kDa and Mw from 45.67 to 31.97 kDa and two degradation products bisphenol A and 4-cumylphenol (the two monomers of PC) were also found, which established that PC were biodegraded by strain NyZ600. Combing all above results, it is clear that the strain NyZ600 can degrade PC which provides a unique example for bacterial degradation of PC and a feasibility for the removal of PC waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao-Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ning-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kosloski-Oh SC, Wood ZA, Manjarrez Y, de Los Rios JP, Fieser ME. Catalytic methods for chemical recycling or upcycling of commercial polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1084-1129. [PMID: 34821907 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01286f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymers (plastics) have transformed our lives by providing access to inexpensive and versatile materials with a variety of useful properties. While polymers have improved our lives in many ways, their longevity has created some unintended consequences. The extreme stability and durability of most commercial polymers, combined with the lack of equivalent degradable alternatives and ineffective collection and recycling policies, have led to an accumulation of polymers in landfills and oceans. This problem is reaching a critical threat to the environment, creating a demand for immediate action. Chemical recycling and upcycling involve the conversion of polymer materials into their original monomers, fuels or chemical precursors for value-added products. These approaches are the most promising for value-recovery of post-consumer polymer products; however, they are often cost-prohibitive in comparison to current recycling and disposal methods. Catalysts can be used to accelerate and improve product selectivity for chemical recycling and upcycling of polymers. This review aims to not only highlight and describe the tremendous efforts towards the development of improved catalysts for well-known chemical recycling processes, but also identify new promising methods for catalytic recycling or upcycling of the most abundant commercial polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Kosloski-Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang W, Wang H, Hu W, Yang D, Yu S, Liu F, Song X. Degradation of polycarbonate to produce bisphenol A catalyzed by imidazolium-based DESs under metal-and solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1595-1604. [PMID: 35424130 PMCID: PMC8693630 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important chemical raw material, but the traditional preparation process of BPA is costly and complicated, so it is necessary to find an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the production of BPA. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost, low toxicity, low melting point, non-volatilization, easy preparation, recyclablility and biodegradability. In this work, a series of imidazolium-based DESs were synthesized and used for the degradation of polycarbonate (PC), and BPA was obtained from the methanolysis of PC catalyzed by DESs under metal- and solvent-free conditions. It was found that imidazolium-based DES [EmimOH]Cl-2Urea showed excellent catalytic activity and reusability. Under the optimized reaction conditions (the mass ratio of DES to PC is 0.1 : 1, the molar ratio of CH3OH to PC is 5 : 1, 120 °C, reaction time 2 h), the PC conversion and BPA yield were almost 100% and 98%, respectively. Moreover, the kinetics of methanolysis catalyzed by [EmimOH]Cl-2Urea was investigated in the temperature range 100-120 °C, and the results indicated that it is a pseudo-first order reaction with an activation energy of 133.59 kJ mol-1. In addition, a possible catalytic mechanism of PC methanolysis is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 China
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Daoshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Shitao Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Xiuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Shen X, Tang S, Li H, Mei S, Zheng H, Sun Y, Zhao J, Kaewmanee R, Yang L, Gan Q, Wei J. Improvement of rBMSCs Responses to Poly(propylene carbonate) Based Biomaterial through Incorporation of Nanolaponite and Surface Treatment Using Sodium Hydroxide. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:329-339. [PMID: 33463218 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) has aroused extensive attention in the biomaterial field because of its excellent biocompatibility and appropriate degradability, but surface hydrophobicity and bioinertness limit its applications for bone repair and tissue engineering. In this study, a bioactive PPC/laponite (LAP) nanocomposite (PL) was prepared by a melt-blending method, and a microporous surface on PPC and PL (PT and PLT) was created by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment. The results demonstrated that the surface roughness, hydrophilicity, surface energy, and degradability as well as protein adsorption of PLT were obviously improved compared with PPC. Moreover, the degradability of PLT was remarkably enhanced with a slight increase of pH values in Tris-HCl solution. Furthermore, adhesion and proliferation as well as osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) to PLT were significantly promoted compared with PPC. The results suggested that incorporating LAP into PPC obviously improved the surface performance of PL (with nanotopography), and surface treatment with NaOH further enhanced surface properties of PLT (with micronanotopography and hydrophilic groups), which significantly promoted responses of rBMSCs. In short, PLT displayed excellent cytocompatibility, which would have great potential for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuening Shen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Songchao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, No. 17, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiqi Mei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rames Kaewmanee
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qi Gan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhogle CS, Pandit AB. Ultrasound assisted methanolysis of polycarbonate at room temperature. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 58:104667. [PMID: 31450321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates an attempt to depolymerize Polycarbonate (PC) at room temperature, which otherwise requires extreme temperature and pressure conditions. It was achieved by the use of ultrasound to intensify the methanolysis reaction of PC. Use of ultrasound showed a significant enhancement in the rate of methanolysis which leads to a reduction in the reaction time from 45 min to 15 min to depolymerize 5 g PC at 30 °C by using 0.1 g NaOH and THF to methanol ratio equaling 3 (w/w). Bubble dynamic study also leads to a conclusion that the highest cavitational enhancement can be achieved at THF to methanol ratio equaling 3 (w/w) which might be due to the fact that this solvent mixture exhibits the least viscosity at this composition. The effect of various parameters such as temperature, NaOH concentration, ultrasonic input power and solvent composition were investigated. The products obtained were bisphenol-A(BPA) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) which were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography (GC) respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakant Sharad Bhogle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xue C, Mao Y, Wang W, Song Z, Zhao X, Sun J, Wang Y. Current status of applying microwave-associated catalysis for the degradation of organics in aqueous phase - A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 81:119-135. [PMID: 30975315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between microwaves and certain catalysts can lead to efficient, energy-directed convergence of a relatively dispersed microwave field onto the reactive sites of the catalyst, which produces thermal or discharge effects around the catalyst. These interactions form "high-energy sites" (HeS) that promote energy efficient utilization and enhanced in situ degradation of organic pollutants. This article focuses on the processes occurring between microwaves and absorbing catalysts, and presents a critical review of microwave-absorbing mechanisms. This article also discusses aqueous phase applications of relevant catalysts (iron-based, carbon-based, soft magnetic, rare earth, and other types) and microwaves, special effects caused by the dimensions and structures of catalytic materials, and the optimization and design of relevant reactors for microwave-assisted catalysis of wastewater. The results of this study demonstrate that microwave-assisted catalysis can effectively enhance the degradation rate of organic compounds in an aqueous phase and has potential applications to a variety of engineering fields such as microwave-assisted pyrolysis, pollutant removal, material synthesis, and water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhanlong Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiqiang Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alberti C, Scheliga F, Enthaler S. Recycling of End-of-Life Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) via Alkali Metal Halide-Catalyzed Phenolysis. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:822-827. [PMID: 31304075 PMCID: PMC6604237 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical recycling of end-of-life plastic waste streams can contribute to a resource-conserving and sustainable society. This matter of recycling is composed of a sequence of depolymerization and subsequent polymerization reactions. In this regard, we have studied the chemical recycling of end-of-life poly(bisphenol A carbonate) applying phenol as depolymerization reagent. In the presence of catalytic amounts of alkali metal halides as products bisphenol A and diphenyl carbonate were obtained in excellent turnover frequencies of up to 1392 h-1 and short reaction times. These depolymerization products offer the straightforward possibility to close the cycle by producing new poly(bisphenol A carbonate) and as second product phenol, which can be reused for further depolymerizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Alberti
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte ChemieUniversität HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 6D-20146HamburgGermany
| | - Felix Scheliga
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieUniversität HamburgBundesstraße 45D-20146Hamburg (Germany
| | - Stephan Enthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte ChemieUniversität HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 6D-20146HamburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alberti C, Enthaler S. Depolymerization of End‐of‐Life Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) via Alkali‐Metal‐Halide‐Catalyzed Methanolysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Alberti
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte ChemieUniversität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Stephan Enthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte ChemieUniversität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ikenaga K, Higuchi K, Kohri S, Kusakabe K. Depolymerization of polycarbonate by methanol under pressurized microwave irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/458/1/012037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
14
|
Guo J, Liu M, Gu Y, Wang Y, Gao J, Liu F. Efficient Alcoholysis of Polycarbonate Catalyzed by Recyclable Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Mengshuai Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Jun Gao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Emami S, Alavi Nikje MM. Magnetic Fe3O4/SiO2/NH2 As the Recyclable Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst on Bisphenol-A Recovery from Polycarbonate Wastes. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042721801024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Benign and ecofriendly depolymerization of polycarbonate wastes into valuable diols using micro- and nano-TiO2 as the solid supports. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
17
|
Medium chain glycerides of coconut oil for microwave-enhanced conversion of polycarbonate into polyols. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Taguchi M, Ishikawa Y, Kataoka S, Naka T, Funazukuri T. CeO2 nanocatalysts for the chemical recycling of polycarbonate. CATAL COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
19
|
Li C, Sablong RJ, Koning CE. Chemoselective Alternating Copolymerization of Limonene Dioxide and Carbon Dioxide: A New Highly Functional Aliphatic Epoxy Polycarbonate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11572-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Rafaël J. Sablong
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven B.V. (PTG/e B.V.); P.O. Box 6284 5600 HG Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- DSM Coating Resins; Ceintuurbaan 5 8022 AW Zwolle The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li C, Sablong RJ, Koning CE. Chemoselective Alternating Copolymerization of Limonene Dioxide and Carbon Dioxide: A New Highly Functional Aliphatic Epoxy Polycarbonate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Rafaël J. Sablong
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven B.V. (PTG/e B.V.); P.O. Box 6284 5600 HG Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- DSM Coating Resins; Ceintuurbaan 5 8022 AW Zwolle The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rosi L, Bartoli M, Undri A, Frediani M, Frediani P. Synthesis of dianols or BPA through catalytic hydrolyisis/glycolysis of waste polycarbonates using a microwave heating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Kinetics of hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) wastes catalyzed by dual functional phase transfer catalyst: A mechanism of chain-end scission. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
23
|
Hamad K, Kaseem M, Deri F. Recycling of waste from polymer materials: An overview of the recent works. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|