1
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Leshuk TC, Young ZW, Wilson B, Chen ZQ, Smith DA, Lazaris G, Gopanchuk M, McLay S, Seelemann CA, Paradis T, Bekele A, Guest R, Massara H, White T, Zubot W, Letinski DJ, Redman AD, Allen DG, Gu F. A Light Touch: Solar Photocatalysis Detoxifies Oil Sands Process-Affected Waters Prior to Significant Treatment of Naphthenic Acids. ACS ES&T WATER 2024; 4:1483-1497. [PMID: 38633367 PMCID: PMC11019557 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Environmental reclamation of Canada's oil sands tailings ponds is among the single largest water treatment challenges globally. The toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) has been associated with its dissolved organics, a complex mixture of naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFCs). Here, we evaluated solar treatment with buoyant photocatalysts (BPCs) as a passive advanced oxidation process (P-AOP) for OSPW remediation. Photocatalysis fully degraded naphthenic acids (NAs) and acid extractable organics (AEO) in 3 different OSPW samples. However, classical NAs and AEO, traditionally considered among the principal toxicants in OSPW, were not correlated with OSPW toxicity herein. Instead, nontarget petroleomic analysis revealed that low-polarity organosulfur compounds, composing <10% of the total AEO, apparently accounted for the majority of waters' toxicity to fish, as described by a model of tissue partitioning. These findings have implications for OSPW release, for which a less extensive but more selective treatment may be required than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy
M. C. Leshuk
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Zachary W. Young
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Brad Wilson
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Stantec, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 0A4
| | - Zi Qi Chen
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Danielle A. Smith
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- P&P
Optica, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2 V 2C3
| | - Greg Lazaris
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Department
of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C5
| | - Mary Gopanchuk
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Sean McLay
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Corin A. Seelemann
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Composite Biomaterials Systems Lab, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Theo Paradis
- Canadian
Natural Resources Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 4J8
| | - Asfaw Bekele
- Imperial
Oil Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2C 5N1
- ExxonMobil
Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Rodney Guest
- Suncor Energy Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3E3
| | - Hafez Massara
- Suncor Energy Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3E3
- Trans-Northern Pipelines Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada L4B 3P6
| | - Todd White
- Teck Resources Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 0B3
| | - Warren Zubot
- Syncrude Canada Ltd., Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada T9H 0B6
| | - Daniel J. Letinski
- ExxonMobil
Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Aaron D. Redman
- ExxonMobil
Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - D. Grant Allen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Frank Gu
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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2
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Herrera-Muñoz J, Cabrera-Reina A, Miralles-Cuevas S, Piña S, Salazar-González R. Simultaneous degradation of contaminants of emerging concern and disinfection by solar photoelectro-Fenton process at circumneutral pH in a solar electrochemical raceway pond reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139978. [PMID: 37660793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) removal and wild microorganisms' inactivation was evaluated by applying solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) process in actual secondary effluent collected from a real municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP). 20 L of a mixture of four CECs was used as model pollutants (200 μg/L of acetaminophen, caffeine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole each one). The SPEF process was carried out on fully sunny days, at circumneutral pH using the complex Fe3+-EDDS, in a solar electrochemical - raceway pond reactor (SEC-RPR). Initially, the optimal conditions for CECs degradation were determined using a response surface model based on current density, iron complex concentration and Fe3+-EDDS addition time (to allow previous accumulation of H2O2) as model inputs. A current density of 24.6 mA/cm2, a Fe3+-EDDS complex concentration of 0.089 mM and 3.8 min of previous H2O2 accumulation were the resulting optimum conditions that were afterwards applied for the simultaneous degradation of the CECs synthetic mixture and wild microorganisms inactivation in actual secondary effluent. About 85% CECs removal and complete E. coli inactivation were achieved in 30 min, approximately, while E. faecalis and total coliforms could be inactivated under detection limit in 60 min and 75 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Herrera-Muñoz
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile; Grupo de Investigación de Análisis, Tratamiento, Electroquímica, Recuperación y Reúso de Agua (WATER2), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Reina
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sara Miralles-Cuevas
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Piña
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar-González
- Grupo de Investigación de Análisis, Tratamiento, Electroquímica, Recuperación y Reúso de Agua (WATER2), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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3
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Song Z, Xu Y, Wu H, Huang J, Zhang Y. Superior photo-Fenton degradation of acetamiprid by α- Fe 2O 3-pillared bentonite/L-cysteine complex: Synergy of L-cysteine and visible light. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118523. [PMID: 37393869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid is a potential threat to human health, aquatic life, soil microorganisms and beneficial insects as a recalcitrant pollutant in wastewater treatment plant effluents. In this work, the synthesized α-Fe2O3-pillared bentonite (FPB) was used to degrade acetamiprid in the photo-Fenton process with the assistance of L-cysteine (L-cys) existing in natural aquatic environment. The kinetic constant k of acetamiprid degradation by FPB/L-cys in the photo-Fenton process was far more than that in the Fenton process of FPB/L-cys lacking light and the photo-Fenton process of FPB without L-cys. The positive linear correlation between k and ≡Fe(II) content indicated the synergy of L-cys and visible light accelerated the cycle of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in FPB/L-cys during the degradation of acetamiprid by elevating the visible light response of FPB, and promoting the interfacial electron transfer from the active sites of FPB to hydrogen peroxide and photo-generated electron transfer from conduction band of α-Fe2O3 to the active sites of FPB. The boosting •OH and 1O2 were predominantly responsible for acetamiprid degradation. Acetamiprid could be efficiently degraded into less toxic small molecules in the photo-Fenton process via C-N bond breaking, hydroxylation, demethylation, ketonization, dechlorination, and ring cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelin Song
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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4
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La Manna P, De Carluccio M, Iannece P, Vigliotta G, Proto A, Rizzo L. Chelating agents supported solar photo-Fenton and sunlight/H 2O 2 processes for pharmaceuticals removal and resistant pathogens inactivation in quaternary treatment for urban wastewater reuse. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131235. [PMID: 36948125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Fe3+-iminodisuccinic acid (Fe:IDS) based solar photo Fenton (SPF), an Italian patented method, was investigated in quaternary treatment of real urban wastewater and compared to Fe3+-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (Fe:EDDS) for the first time. Three pharmaceuticals (PCs) (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and trimethoprim) and four pathogens (Escherichia coli, somatic and F-plus coliphages, Clostridium perfringens, consistently with the new EU regulation for wastewater reuse (2020/741)), were chosen as target pollutants. SPF with Fe:EDDS was more effective in PCs removal (80%, 10 kJ L-1) than the SPF with Fe:IDS (58%), possibly due to the higher capability of generating hydroxyl radicals. On the contrary, Fe:IDS was more effective (4.3 log inactivation for E. coli) than Fe:EDDS (1.9 log) in pathogens inactivation, possibly due to a lower iron precipitation and turbidity which finally promoted an improved intracellular photo-Fenton mechanism. Fe:L based SPF was subsequently coupled to sunlight/H2O2. Interestingly, while its combination with Fe:EDDS based SPF slightly increased disinfectant efficacy (2.3 vs 1.9 log inactivation for E. coli), the combination with Fe:IDS decreased inactivation efficiency (3.4 vs 4.3 log reduction). In conclusion, due to the good compromise between PCs removal and disinfection efficiency, Fe:IDS SPF alone is an attractive option for quaternary treatment for urban wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marco De Carluccio
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Proto
- Environmental Chemistry Group (ECG), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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5
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Spiniello I, De Carluccio M, Castiglione S, Amineva E, Kostryukova N, Cicatelli A, Rizzo L, Guarino F. Landfill leachate treatment by a combination of a multiple plant hybrid constructed wetland system with a solar photoFenton process in a raceway pond reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117211. [PMID: 36657206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable and green treatment of landfill leachate (LL), produced by municipal solid waste, represents one of the most relevant challenges in the integrated waste management systems. Accordingly, in this work a green solution was investigated by coupling an innovative hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) to a solar photo-Fenton (SPF) process. A multiple layers HCW pilot plant including different medium substrates (sand, solid compost and carriers) and plant species (Phragmites australis, Arundo donax and A. plinii) was designed. The HCW was functionalised with compost tea solution to simultaneously provide high nutrient content for plants and increase the microorganism biodiversity. Process efficiency was investigated using different real LLs (young and mature) in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen compounds, chlorides and metals. Removals in the range 75-95% were observed for all the parameters after ten days of leachate recirculation in the pilot plant. Subsequently, the SPF process was carried out in a raceway pond reactor (RPR) as polishing step, significantly improving COD removal (further 49%). HCW combined with SPF in RPR would allow to meet the corresponding limits according to the final use/fate of the effluent by modulating the main parameters of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Spiniello
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marco De Carluccio
- Water Science and Technology (WaSTe) Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Enzhe Amineva
- Department of Environmental Health & Safety, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Marks 12, 450077, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Kostryukova
- Department of Environmental Health & Safety, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Marks 12, 450077, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Technology (WaSTe) Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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6
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Gandhi J, Prakash H. Photo-disinfection Processes for Bacterial Inactivation and Underlying Principles for Water Constituents’ Impact: A Review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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7
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Rodrigues-Silva F, V M Starling MC, Amorim CC. Challenges on solar oxidation as post-treatment of municipal wastewater from UASB systems: Treatment efficiency, disinfection and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157940. [PMID: 35952890 PMCID: PMC9554792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of solar photo-Fenton as post-treatment of municipal secondary effluents (MSE) in developing tropical countries is the main topic of this review. Alternative technologies such as stabilization ponds and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) are vastly applied in these countries. However, data related to the application of solar photo-Fenton to improve the quality of effluents from UASB systems are scarce. This review gathered main achievements and limitations associated to the application of solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH and at pilot scale to analyze possible challenges associated to its application as post-treatment of MSE generated by alternative treatments. To this end, the literature review considered studies published in the last decade focusing on CECs removal, toxicity reduction and disinfection via solar photo-Fenton. Physicochemical characteristics of effluents originated after UASB systems alone and followed by a biological post-treatment show significant difference when compared with effluents from conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems. Results obtained for solar photo-Fenton as post-treatment of MSE in developed countries indicate that remaining organic matter and alkalinity present in UASB effluents may pose challenges to the performance of solar advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This drawback could result in a more toxic effluent. The use of chelating agents such as Fe3+-EDDS to perform solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH was compared to the application of intermittent additions of Fe2+ and both of these strategies were reported as effective to remove CECs from MSE. The latter strategy may be of greater interest in developing countries due to costs associated to complexing agents. In addition, more studies are needed to confirm the efficiency of solar photo-Fenton on the disinfection of effluent from UASB systems to verify reuse possibilities. Finally, future research urges to evaluate the efficiency of solar photo-Fenton at natural pH for the treatment of effluents from UASB systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodrigues-Silva
- Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara V M Starling
- Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
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8
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Degradation of Thiabendazole and Its Transformation Products by Two Photo-Assisted Iron-Based Processes in a Raceway Pond Reactor. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Cabrera-Reina A, Miralles-Cuevas S, Sánchez Pérez JA, Salazar R. Application of solar photo-Fenton in raceway pond reactors: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149653. [PMID: 34426350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work critically reviews the present knowledge about the use of Raceway Pond Reactors (RPR) to treat municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) secondary effluents by solar photo-Fenton process. The possibility of using RPR to treat industrial wastewater, which has been barely explored, is also reviewed. Initially, the general concepts and operation principles of RPR are described as well as their origin for photo-Fenton applications. Then, the main results and advances related to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) removal, inactivation of microorganisms, industrial wastewater treatment and kinetic modelling are presented. Key aspects such as the impact of liquid depth, the continuous flow operation feasibility, the increase in treatment capacity, and the kinetic modelling are addressed along the review. At the end, main challenges and research gaps are identified, which should be the focuses of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cabrera-Reina
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Avda. Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago, Chile.
| | - S Miralles-Cuevas
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Avda. Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - R Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, C.P. 33, Av. Libertador Bernardo ÓHiggins, 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
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10
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V M Starling MC, Mendonça Neto RPD, Pires GFF, Vilela PB, Amorim CC. Combat of antimicrobial resistance in municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent via solar advanced oxidation processes: Achievements and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147448. [PMID: 33965817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to gather main achievements and limitations associated to the application of solar photocatalytic processes with regard to the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (MWWTPE). Solar photocatalytic processes were chosen considering the context of developing tropical countries. Among these processes, solar photo-Fenton has been proved effective for the elimination of ARB from MWWTPE at neutral pH in bench and pilot scale and also under continuous flow. Yet, ARG removal varies as according to the gene. Irradiation intensity and matrix composition play a key role on treatment efficiency for this purpose. The use of sulfate radical in modified solar photo-Fenton is still incipient for ARB and ARG removal. Also, investigations related to ARB resistance profile and horizontal gene transfer rates after solar photo-Fenton treatment must be further analyzed. Regarding solar heterogeneous photocatalysis, TiO2 and TiO2-composites applied in suspension are the most commonly investigated for the removal of ARB and ARGs. Irradiation intensity, temperature and catalyst dosage affect treatment efficiency. However, most studies were performed in synthetic solutions using reduced sample volumes. Extended exposition times and addition of H2O2 to the system (solar/TiO2/H2O2) are required to prevent bacteria regrowth and ensure ARG abatement. In addition, enhancement of TiO2 with graphene or (semi)metals improved ARB elimination. Differences concerning irradiation intensity, matrix composition, catalyst dosage, and model ARB and ARGs used in studies analyzed in this review hinder the comparison of photocatalysts synthesized by various research groups. Finally, future research should aim at evaluating the efficiency of solar photocatalytic processes in real matrices originated from sewage treatment systems applied in developing countries; determining indicators of antimicrobial resistance in MWWTPE; and investigating ARB mutation rate as well as the removal of cell-free ARGs present in suspension in MWWTPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara V M Starling
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rondon P de Mendonça Neto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna F F Pires
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Beccalli Vilela
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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11
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Manufacturing and Application of 3D Printed Photo Fenton Reactors for Wastewater Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094885. [PMID: 34064341 PMCID: PMC8125145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing offers a new paradigm for designing and developing chemical reactors, in particular, prototypes. The use of 3D printers has been increasing, their performance has been improving, and their price has been reducing. While the general trend is clear, particular applications need to be assessed for their practicality. This study develops and follows a systematic approach to the prototyping of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) reactors. Specifically, this work evaluates and discusses different printable materials in terms of mechanical and chemical resistance to photo-Fenton reactants. Metallic and ceramic materials are shown to be impracticable due to their high printing cost. Polymeric and composite materials are sieved according to criteria such as biodegradability, chemical, thermal, and mechanical resistance. Finally, 3D-printed prototypes are produced and tested in terms of leakage and resistance to the photo-Fenton reacting environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) and wood-PLA composite (Timberfill®) were selected, and lab-scale raceway pond reactors (RPR) were printed accordingly. They were next exposed to H2O2/Fe(II) solutions at pH = 3 ± 0.2 and UV radiation. After 48 h reaction tests, results revealed that the Timberfill® reactor produced higher Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentrations (9.6 mg·L-1) than that obtained for the PLA reactor (5.5 mg·L-1) and Pyrex® reactor (5.2 mg·L-1), which suggests the interference of Timberfill® with the reaction. The work also considers and discusses further chemical and mechanical criteria that also favor PLA for 3D-printing Fenton and photo-Fenton reactors. Finally, the work also provides a detailed explanation of the printing parameters used and guidelines for preparing prototypes.
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Macías-Vargas JA, Campos-Mañas MC, Agüera A, Sánchez Pérez JA, Ramírez-Zamora RM. Enhanced activated persulfate oxidation of ciprofloxacin using a low-grade titanium ore under sunlight: influence of the irradiation source on its transformation products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24008-24022. [PMID: 33415630 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the activated persulfate oxidation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) using a low-grade titanium ore under sunlight or simulated sunlight were conducted to analyze the CIP degradation efficiency and to identify the transformation products (TPs) generated during oxidation under both types of irradiation sources by using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). All advance oxidation process experiments were performed in a 2700-mL raceway reactor at a pH value of ~ 6.5 and an initial CIP concentration of 1 mg/L, during 90 min of reaction time. The control experiments carried out under simulated sunlight achieved a 97.7 ± 0.6% degradation efficiency, using 385 W/m2 of irradiation with an average temperature increase of 11.7 ± 0.6 °C. While, the experiments under sunlight reached a 91.2 ± 1.3% degradation efficiency, under an average irradiation value of 19.2 ± 0.3 W/m2 in October-November 2019 at hours between 11:00 am and 3:00 pm with an average temperature increase of 1.4 ± 0.8 °C. Mass spectrometry results indicated that 14 of the 108 possible TPs reported in the literature were detected. The calculated exact mass, measured accurate mass, and its characteristic diagnostic fragment ions were listed, and two new TPs were tentative identified. The TP generation analysis showed that some specific compounds were detected in different time intervals with kinetic variations depending on the irradiation used. Consequently, two CIP degradation pathways were proposed, since the type of irradiation determines the CIP degradation mechanism. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Alberto Macías-Vargas
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, México City, Mexico
| | - Marina Celia Campos-Mañas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Agüera
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Rosa-María Ramírez-Zamora
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, México City, Mexico.
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13
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V M Starling MC, Costa EP, Souza FA, Machado EC, de Araujo JC, Amorim CC. Persulfate mediated solar photo-Fenton aiming at wastewater treatment plant effluent improvement at neutral PH: emerging contaminant removal, disinfection, and elimination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17355-17368. [PMID: 33398751 PMCID: PMC8004486 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated an innovative alternative to improve municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (MWWTP effluent) quality aiming at the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (caffeine, carbendazim, and losartan potassium), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), as well as disinfection (E. coli). Persulfate was used as an alternative oxidant in the solar photo-Fenton process (solar/Fe/S2O82-) due to its greater stability in the presence of matrix components. The efficiency of solar/Fe/S2O82- at neutral pH using intermittent iron additions is unprecedented in the literature. At first, solar/Fe/S2O82- was performed in a solar simulator (30 W m-2) leading to more than 60% removal of CECs, and the intermittent iron addition strategy was proved effective. Then, solar/Fe/S2O82- and solar/Fe/H2O2 were compared in semi-pilot scale in a raceway pond reactor (RPR) and a cost analysis was performed. Solar/Fe/S2O82- showed higher efficiencies of removal of target CECs (55%), E. coli (3 log units), and ARB (3 to 4 log units) within 1.9 kJ L-1 of accumulated irradiation compared to solar/Fe/H2O2 (CECs, 49%; E. coli, 2 log units; ARB, 1 to 3 log units in 2.5 kJ L-1). None of the treatments generated acute toxicity upon Allivibrio fischeri. Lower total cost was obtained using S2O82- (0.6 € m-3) compared to H2O2 (1.2 € m-3). Therefore, the iron intermittent addition aligned to the use of persulfate is suitable for MWWTP effluent quality improvement at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara V M Starling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elizângela P Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Souza
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elayne C Machado
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Calábria de Araujo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidative Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Assessment of the Use of NaClO as an Alternative to H2O2 in the Oxidant-Titanium Ore-Simulated Solar Light System for Thiabendazole Degradation. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Mejri A, Soriano-Molina P, Miralles-Cuevas S, Sánchez Pérez JA. Fe 3+-NTA as iron source for solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH in raceway pond reactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139617. [PMID: 32485381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work presents, for the first time, a kinetic study of the solar photo-Fenton process at neutral pH mediated by the Fe3+-NTA complex (molar ratio 1: 1) applied to remove contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). To this end, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) secondary effluents were treated in a raceway pond reactor (RPR) at pilot plant scale with 0.1 mM Fe3+-NTA and 0.88 mM H2O2 under average solar UVA irradiance of 35 W/m2. Sulfamethoxazole and imidacloprid, at 50 μg/L of initial concentration each, were selected as model CECs. Up to 40% of the sum of both model CECs was removed from simulated WWTP effluent by the Fe3+-NTA Fenton-like process, and >80% was removed by solar photo-Fenton. The effect of liquid depth in the reactor was evaluated, showing an increase of the treatment capacity from 12 mg CEC/m2·h to 18 mg CEC/m2·h when liquid depth increased from 5 to 15 cm. Afterwards, these results were validated with real WWTP effluents and compared with the results obtained with the Fe3+-EDDS complex under the same operating conditions. The same CEC removal rates were obtained with Fe3+-NTA and Fe3+-EDDS at 5 cm of liquid depth (kinetic constants of 0.110 min-1 and 0.046 min-1 for sulfamethoxazole and imidacloprid, respectively). Conversely, at 15 cm of liquid depth, the degradation rates were lower with Fe3+-NTA (kinetic constants of 0.034 min-1 for sulfamethoxazole and 0.017 min-1 for imidacloprid), whereas with Fe3+-EDDS the values were 0.076 min-1 and 0.047 min-1 for sulfamethoxazole and imidacloprid, respectively. Regarding process cost estimation, the use of NTA as iron chelate for solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH at pilot plant scale resulted very cost-effective (0.13-0.14 €/m3) in comparison with the use of EDDS (0.46-0.48 €/m3) at the two liquid depths tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mejri
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling, Research and Technology Center of Water, University of Carthage, BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia; National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Soukra road, Km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Paula Soriano-Molina
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain
| | - Sara Miralles-Cuevas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain.
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16
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Sánchez Pérez JA, Arzate S, Soriano-Molina P, García Sánchez JL, Casas López JL, Plaza-Bolaños P. Neutral or acidic pH for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern in wastewater by solar photo-Fenton? A techno-economic assessment of continuous raceway pond reactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139681. [PMID: 32479960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As far as the authors know, no in-depth comparison has been made between the different performances of the solar photo-Fenton process for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) as a function of pH. To this end, real WWTP secondary effluents were treated in continuous flow mode at pilot plant scale. The effect of hydraulic residence time (HRT), liquid depth and percentage of CEC removal on treatment capacity was studied. At acidic pH (2.8), the iron source was FeSO4 and at neutral pH (7.0), it was Fe(III)-EDDS. At both pH values, 2250 L m-2 d-1 can be treated in 15-cm deep raceway pond reactors at 30 min HRT with 0.1 mM iron and 0.88 mM H2O2 in order to achieve 80% CEC removal. Treatment costs were 0.25 € m-3 and 0.56 € m-3 at acidic and neutral pH, respectively. This study paves the way for the solar photo-Fenton process to be employed on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain.
| | - S Arzate
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain
| | - P Soriano-Molina
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain
| | - J L García Sánchez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain
| | - J L Casas López
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain
| | - P Plaza-Bolaños
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, Spain
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17
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Prato-Garcia D, Robayo-Avendaño A. Treatment of a synthetic colored effluent in raceway reactors: The role of operational conditions on the environmental performance of a photo-Fenton process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134182. [PMID: 32380627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the environmental and economic performance of a photo-Fenton process in a raceway reactor at laboratory scale. For the best operational condition (BOC) identified (dye = 55.0 mg/L, H2O2/dye = 0.862 mg/L, Fe2+/dye = 0.184) a carbon footprint (CFP) of 1.335 kg CO2 Eqv/m3 was obtained. Consumption of electrical energy, construction materials, and reagents represent 97.2% (1.298 kg CO2 Eqv/m3) of the CFP. Similarly, ReCiPe-2016 v1.1 evidenced that these activities play an important role on the environmental performance of the process because their relative impact ranged from 96.5% to 99.7% at least in 14 of the 18 categories considered by this method. It should be noted that the CFP is scarcely sensitive to variations in the use of cement, steel, H2O2, and NaOH as a 50.0% increase in their expenditure increases the CFP in 4.4%, 5.0%, 5.9%, and 7.2%, respectively. A 50.0% increment in electricity consumption increased the CFP in 20.7% whereas categories related to acidification, eutrophication, resources depletion, and toxicity-related impacts had significant increments (20.0%-34.0%) in the emissions of substances used for impact characterization. BOC led to the lowest treatment cost (US$0.540/m3) and a CFP between 5- and 10-times lower than that reported for solar tubular reactors. Also, higher proportions of H2O2 (H2O2/dye = 1.200-1.800) and Fe2+ (Fe2+/dye = 0.200-0.300) increased cost in 1.9%-5.6% but reduced the CFP in 1.2%-3.7%. Finally, our results evidenced that it is possible to increase the raceway reactor's capacity by increasing the depth of the reactor without affecting the effluent quality. When the depth of the reaction medium went from 3 cm to 6 cm, the treatment capacity (TC) was increased 102.4%, and a 33.3% diminution in the CFP and of 29.1% in the treatment cost occurred. An increase from 3 cm to 9 cm rose the TC up to 204.4% and reduced the CFP (44.4%) and treatment cost (39.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Prato-Garcia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Carrera 32 No. 12 - 00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
| | - Angélica Robayo-Avendaño
- Universidad Santiago de Cali, Campus Pampalinda, Facultad de Ingeniería, Calle 5 No. 62-00, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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Limitations and Prospects for Wastewater Treatment by UV and Visible-Light-Active Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: A Critical Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 378:7. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arzate S, Pfister S, Oberschelp C, Sánchez-Pérez JA. Environmental impacts of an advanced oxidation process as tertiary treatment in a wastewater treatment plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133572. [PMID: 31756803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to global water scarcity, the use of reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is required; however, if the wastewater treatment is inadequate, it can be a source of environmental pollution. In order to improve wastewater reclamation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been tested. At full scale, ozonation is one such process that effectively removes micropollutants, despite its high-energy consumption. At pilot scale, other technologies such as the solar photo-Fenton process are being developed. This process is under consideration as a sustainable technology because it uses sunlight as a source of radiation. However, there is little information available on its environmental performance. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis between the ozonation and the photo-Fenton process as tertiary wastewater treatment processes used to reclaim wastewater for agricultural irrigation. We apply the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for quantifying environmental impacts with ReCiPe and USEtox as life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods. The results show that both tertiary treatment options reduce water stress locally. Ozonation has a better overall environmental performance compared to the photo-Fenton process because the environmental impact of the required ozone is smaller than of the reactants involved in the solar photo-Fenton. Moreover, the first can be operated both day and night, and therefore needs no additional storage for collecting the nightly secondary effluent, and thus has lower infrastructure related impacts. Additionally, when the solar photo-Fenton process operates at an acidic pH, there are environmental drawbacks related to the pH adjustment, which consumes a large amount of acid thus liberating CO2. Finally, the environmental impacts associated with the discharge of micropollutants to soil through the use of reclaimed water are very small compared to the other impacts generated by the treatment. However, due to the current LCIA method limitations of micropollutant impact assessment, these are subject to major uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arzate
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Pfister
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - C Oberschelp
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J A Sánchez-Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre UAL-CIEMAT, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, UAL, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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Fiorentino A, Esteban B, Garrido-Cardenas JA, Kowalska K, Rizzo L, Aguera A, Pérez JAS. Effect of solar photo-Fenton process in raceway pond reactors at neutral pH on antibiotic resistance determinants in secondary treated urban wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120737. [PMID: 31202058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Solar photo-Fenton process in raceway pond reactors was investigated at neutral pH as a sustainable tertiary treatment of real urban wastewater. In particular, the effect on antibiotic resistance determinants was evaluated. An effective inactivation of different wild bacterial populations was achieved considering total and cefotaxime resistant bacteria. The detection limit (1 CFU mL-1) was achieved in the range 80-100 min (5.4-6.7 kJ L-1 of cumulative solar energy required) for Total Coliforms (TC) (40-60 min for resistant TC, 4.3-5.2 kJ L-1), 60-80 min (4.5-5.4 kJ L-1) for Escherichia coli (E. coli) (40 min for resistant E. coli, 4.1-4.7 kJ L-1) and 40-60 min (3.9-4.5 kJ L-1) for Enterococcus sp. (Entero) (30-40 min for resistant Entero, 3.2-3.8 kJ L-1) with 20 mg L-1 Fe2+ and 50 mg L-1 H2O2. Under these mild oxidation conditions, 7 out of the 10 detected antibiotics were effectively removed (60-100%). As the removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is of concern, no conclusive results were obtained, as sulfonamide resistance gene was reduced to some extent (relative abundance <1), meanwhile class 1 integron intI1 and ß-lactam resistance genes were not affected. Accordingly, more research and likely more intensive oxidative conditions are needed for an efficient ARGs removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Fiorentino
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Belén Esteban
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitiy of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain; Solar Energy Research Center (CIESOL), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, The Biotechnology Centre, ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Ana Aguera
- Solar Energy Research Center (CIESOL), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitiy of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
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21
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Mejri A, Soriano-Molina P, Miralles-Cuevas S, Trabelsi I, Sánchez Pérez JA. Effect of liquid depth on microcontaminant removal by solar photo-Fenton with Fe(III):EDDS at neutral pH in high salinity wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28071-28079. [PMID: 31359317 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In arid Mediterranean countries, such as Tunisia, wastewater often has high salinity, being an obstacle to the elimination of microcontaminants for the reuse of water in agriculture. In this paper, the photo-Fenton process in raceway pond reactors (RPRs) has been successfully applied to a simulated secondary effluent from a Tunisian urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), with high chloride load. A mixture of three contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) was used as model pollutants at 50 μg/L each (one antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole and two pesticides, pyrimicarb and imidacloprid). All the assays were conducted at neutral pH with 0.1 mM Fe(III):EDDS at 1:1 molar ratio. The effect of hydrogen peroxide initial concentration (20, 30, and 90 mg/L) on microcontaminant removal was studied. Different liquid depths (5 and 15 cm) were selected to assess the relationship between the microcontaminant removal and the volumetric rate of photon absorption (VRPA). Although the reaction rate was initially photo-limited, after a short reaction time of 15 min, the final yield (≈ 80% of CEC removal) was limited by the photo-degradation of the Fe(III):EDDS complex and excess H2O2 was found at all concentrations used. Therefore, treatment times below 15 min should be used. The treatment capacity was three times higher when the liquid depth was increased from 5 to 15 cm. For the first time, these results show that the operation of a 15 cm-deep RPR in continuous flow mode would be suitable for large-scale implementation of the solar photo-Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mejri
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling, Research and Technology Center of Water, University of Carthage, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
- National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Soukra road, Km 4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Paula Soriano-Molina
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Sara Miralles-Cuevas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Ismail Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling, Research and Technology Center of Water, University of Carthage, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain.
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De la Obra Jiménez I, López JLC, Ibáñez GR, García BE, Pérez JAS. Kinetic assessment of antibiotic resistant bacteria inactivation by solar photo-Fenton in batch and continuous flow mode for wastewater reuse. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:184-191. [PMID: 31096065 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in municipal wastewater treatment plants represents a real risk to human health. For the first time, this paper shows that the inactivation rate of cefotaxime resistant bacteria is the same as total bacteria when secondary effluents are treated by the solar photo-Fenton process. To obtain this result, an exhaustive and comparative kinetic study on the inactivation of both total and cefotaxime resistant bacteria (Total coliform, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp) was carried out, taking into account the effects of the main operation conditions, such as solar irradiance and iron concentration, and operation mode (batch and continuous). In all the operation conditions studied, no significant differences were found between the first order inactivation rate constants, ki, of total and cefotaxime resistant bacteria. Additionally, ki increased with solar irradiance and iron concentration. As for the effect of the operation mode, the main finding of this work is much quicker inactivation in continuous flow mode than in batch mode, pointing out its potential application at large scale. The best continuous operation condition to inactivate the bacteria to the detection limit (1 CFU mL-1), was at 22.4 min of hydraulic residence time with 5 mg Fe2+ L-1 and 30 mg H2O2·L-1. This treatment time is approximately a third of that reported in batch mode. The efficiency, in terms of figure of merits, of the continuous flow operation was 2.7 m2 of solar collector area to reduce one log of E. coli concentration per m3 of treated water and per hour, in comparison with 2137 m2 calculated for batch operation under the same solar UVA irradiance, 30 W m-2. This paper encourages research into continuous solar disinfection processes due to its enhanced efficiency with regard to the commonly used batch wise operation and shows that efficient removal of total bacteria ensures the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I De la Obra Jiménez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J L Casas López
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - G Rivas Ibáñez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Plataforma Solar de Almería, CIEMAT, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - B Esteban García
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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23
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Starling MCVM, Amorim CC, Leão MMD. Occurrence, control and fate of contaminants of emerging concern in environmental compartments in Brazil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:17-36. [PMID: 29728279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This is the first review to present data obtained in Brazil over the years regarding contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) and to contrast it with contamination in other countries. Data gathered indicated that caffeine, paracetamol, atenolol, ibuprofen, cephalexin and bisphenol A occur in the μg L-1 range in streams near urban areas. While endocrine disruptors are frequently detected in surface waters, highest concentrations account for 17α-ethynylestradiol and 17β-estradiol. Organochlorine pesticides are the most frequently found and persistent in sediments in agricultural regions. Moreover, in tropical agricultural fields, pesticide volatilization and its implications to ecosystem protection must be better investigated. The reality represented here for Brazil may be transposed to other developing countries due to similarities related to primitive basic sanitation infrastructure and economic and social contexts, which contribute to continuous environmental contamination by CEC. Municipal wastewater treatment facilities in Brazil, treat up to the secondary stage and lead to limited CEC removal. This is also true for other nations in Latin America, such as Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. Therefore, it is an urgent priority to improve sanitation infrastructure and, then, the implementation of tertiary treatment shall be imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara V M Starling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901.
| | - Mônica Maria D Leão
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901
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24
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Different approaches for the solar photocatalytic removal of micro-contaminants from aqueous environment: Titania vs. hybrid magnetic iron oxides. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Electrochemical oxidation of acetamiprid using Yb-doped PbO2 electrodes: Electrode characterization, influencing factors and degradation pathways. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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da Costa EP, Bottrel SEC, Starling MCVM, Leão MMD, Amorim CC. Degradation of carbendazim in water via photo-Fenton in Raceway Pond Reactor: assessment of acute toxicity and transformation products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4324-4336. [PMID: 29740769 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the degradation of fungicide carbendazim (CBZ) via photo-Fenton reactions in artificially and solar irradiated photoreactors at laboratory scale and in a semi-pilot scale Raceway Pond Reactor (RPR), respectively. Acute toxicity was monitored by assessing the sensibility of bioluminescent bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri) to samples taken during reactions. In addition, by-products formed during solar photo-Fenton were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS). For tests performed in lab-scale, two artificial irradiation sources were compared (UVλ > 254nm and UV-Visλ > 320nm). A complete design of experiments was performed in the semi-pilot scale RPR in order to optimize reaction conditions (Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations, and water depth). Efficient degradation of carbendazim (> 96%) and toxicity removal were achieved via artificially irradiated photo-Fenton under both irradiation sources. Control experiments (UV photolysis and UV-Vis peroxidation) were also efficient but led to increased acute toxicity. In addition, H2O2/UVλ > 254nm required longer reaction time (60 minutes) when compared to the photo-Fenton process (less than 1 min). While Fenton's reagent achieved high CBZ and acute toxicity removal, its efficiency demands higher concentration of reagents in comparison to irradiated processes. Solar photo-Fenton removed carbendazim within 15 min of reaction (96%, 0.75 kJ L-1), and monocarbomethoxyguanidine, benzimidazole isocyanate, and 2-aminobenzimidazole were identified as transformation products. Results suggest that both solar photo-Fenton and artificially irradiated systems are promising routes for carbendazim degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizângela Pinheiro da Costa
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sue Ellen C Bottrel
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Av. José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara V M Starling
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mônica M D Leão
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Costa Amorim
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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27
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Salazar LM, Grisales CM, Garcia DP. How does intensification influence the operational and environmental performance of photo-Fenton processes at acidic and circumneutral pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4367-4380. [PMID: 29855874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the technical, economical, and environmental impact of sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) as an enhancing agent in a photo-Fenton process within a solar-pond type reactor (SPR). Photo-Fenton (PF) and photo-Fenton intensified with the addition of persulfate (PFPS) processes decolorize 97% the azo dye direct blue 71 (DB71) and allow producing a highly biodegradable effluent. Intensification with persulfate allowed reducing treatment time in 33% (from 120 to 80 min) and the consumption of chemical auxiliaries needed for pH adjustment. Energy, reagents, and chemical auxiliaries are still and environmental hotspot for PF and PFPS; however, it is worth mentioning that their environmental footprint is lower than that observed for compound parabolic concentrator (CPC)-type reactors. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) confirms that H2O2, NaOH, and energy consumption are the variables with the highest impact from an environmental standpoint. The use of persulfate reduced the relative impact in 1.2 to 12% in 12 of the 18 environmental categories studied using the ReCiPe method. The PFPS process emits 1.23 kg CO2 (CO2-Eqv/m3 treated water). On the other hand, the PF process emits 1.28 kg CO2 (CO2-Eqv/m3 treated water). Process intensification, chemometric techniques, and the use of SPRs minimize the impact of some barriers (reagent and energy consumption, technical complexity of reactors, pressure drops, dirt on the reflecting surfaces, fragility of reactor materials), limiting the application of advanced oxidation systems at an industrial level, and decrease treatment cost as well as potential environmental impacts associated with energy and reagents consumption. Treatment costs for PF processes (US$0.78/m3) and PFPS processes (US$0.63/m3) were 20 times lower than those reported for photo-Fenton processes in CPC-type reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Salazar
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Claudia Mildred Grisales
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Dorian Prato Garcia
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia.
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28
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Cabrera-Reina A, Miralles-Cuevas S, Rivas G, Sánchez Pérez JA. Comparison of different detoxification pilot plants for the treatment of industrial wastewater by solar photo-Fenton: Are raceway pond reactors a feasible option? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:601-608. [PMID: 30121537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper represents a first approach in the study of photoreactor selection to treat industrial wastewater using solar photo-Fenton. In this context, simulated textile industry effluent containing a mixture of four dyes at different initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (45, 90, 180 and 270 mg/L) was treated by using three different solar reactor geometries: (i) tubular (5 cm diameter) provided with compound parabolic collector (ii) tubular (5 cm diameter) provided with flat collector and (iii) open channels forming raceway ponds with two liquid depths (5 and 15 cm). For comparison purposes, mineralisation percentages over 75% and chronic toxicity reduction were set as treatment goals. Regardless of the initial DOC concentration, negligible differences in terms of treatment time and hydrogen peroxide consumptions were found between the flat collector and compound parabolic collector photoreactors. Conversely, the treatment in the raceway pond reactors always resulted in higher values. In spite of this, when the photoreactors were compared in terms of treatment capacity (mg of DOC removed/m2 min) the raceway pond reactor at 15 cm of liquid depth presented the best results, with values as much as two or three times higher than those of the tubular reactors, except for the wastewater with 270 mg of DOC/L for which the raceway pond reactor at 5 cm liquid depth became the best option. When the treatment capacity is modified to include the photoreactor investment (mg of DOC removed/€ m2) the differences between the raceway pond reactor at both liquid depths and the photoreactors with solar collectors increased by as much as two orders of magnitude, which demonstrates the potential application of the former for the treatment of industrial wastewater by solar photo-Fenton.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cabrera-Reina
- University School of Mechanical Engineering (EUDIM), University of Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - S Miralles-Cuevas
- University School of Mechanical Engineering (EUDIM), University of Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - G Rivas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones de Energía Solar (CIESOL), Joint centre University of Almería - CIEMAT, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones de Energía Solar (CIESOL), Joint centre University of Almería - CIEMAT, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain
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29
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Wild bacteria inactivation in WWTP secondary effluents by solar photo-fenton at neutral pH in raceway pond reactors. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Díez A, Sanromán M, Pazos M. Fenton-based processes for the regeneration of catalytic adsorbents. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Li C, Qian K, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Yao C, Song W, Wang Y. Process design of high-concentration benzimidazole wastewater treatment based on the molecular structure of contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:1007-1016. [PMID: 28394201 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1317844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is an important intermediate in industry and it is usually difficult to be degraded by many treatment technologies. Looking for a highly effective, environment-friendly degradation process for benzimidazole wastewater is of great significance to reduce pollution. Based on the structure of contaminants, the micro-electrolysis (ME) coupled with the Fenton technique was chosen to degrade the industrial benzimidazole wastewater. Special feeding was applied to maintain the suitable hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration to produce the hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as much as possible and protect •OH from being quenched by excess H2O2 according to the reaction mechanism. The results showed that this combined technique was highly efficient to decompose benzimidazole compounds. More chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be reduced when flow control was used, compared to the flow not being controlled. The COD removal rate could reach 85.2% at optimal parameters. Then the effluent of this process was combined with the existing biochemical system for further degradation. The studies of Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry showed that both 2-(a-Hydroxyethyl) benzimidazole and 2-Acetylbenzimidazole were decomposed to the isopropanolamine and aniline after the ME treatment; then the intermediates were oxidized into oxalic acid after the Fenton reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenru Li
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyao Liu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yao
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Wang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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32
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Amiri H, Nabizadeh R, Silva Martinez S, Jamaleddin Shahtaheri S, Yaghmaeian K, Badiei A, Nazmara S, Naddafi K. Response surface methodology modeling to improve degradation of Chlorpyrifos in agriculture runoff using TiO 2 solar photocatalytic in a raceway pond reactor. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:919-925. [PMID: 28985653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the use of a raceway pond reactor (RPR) as an alternative photoreactor for solar photocatalytic applications. Raceway pond reactors are common low-cost reactors which can treat large volumes of water. The experiments were carried out with TiO2 in the agriculture effluent spiked with Chlorpyrifos (CPF) at circumneutral pH. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to find the optimum process parameters to maximize CPF oxidation from the mathematical model equations developed in this study using R software. By ANOVA, p-value of lack of fit > 0.05 indicated that, the equation was well-fitted. The theoretical efficiency of CPF removal, under the optimum oxidation conditions with UV solar energy of around 697 ± 5.33 lux, was 84.01%, which is in close agreement with the mean experimental value (80 ± 1.42%) confirming that the response model was suitable for the optimization. As far as the authors know, this is the first study of CPF removal using RPR in agriculture runoff at circumneutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Amiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susana Silva Martinez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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33
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Cabrera Reina A, Miralles-Cuevas S, Casas López JL, Sánchez Pérez JA. Pyrimethanil degradation by photo-Fenton process: Influence of iron and irradiance level on treatment cost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:230-237. [PMID: 28672227 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the combined effect of photo-catalyst concentration and irradiance level on photo-Fenton efficiency when this treatment is applied to industrial wastewater decontamination. Three levels of irradiance (18, 32 and 46W/m2) and three iron concentrations (8, 20 and 32mg/L) were selected and their influence over the process studied using a raceway pond reactor placed inside a solar box. For 8mg/L, it was found that there was a lack of catalyst to make use of all the available photons. For 20mg/L, the treatment always improved with irradiance indicating that the process was photo-limited. For 32mg/L, the excess of iron caused an excess of radicals production which proved to be counter-productive for the overall process efficiency. The economic assessment showed that acquisition and maintenance costs represent the lowest relative values. The highest cost was found to be the cost of the reagents consumed. Both sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide are negligible in terms of costs. Iron cost percentages were also very low and never higher than 10.5% while the highest cost was always that of hydrogen peroxide, representing at least 85% of the reagent costs. Thus, the total costs were between 0.76 and 1.39€/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cabrera Reina
- Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Mecánica (EUDIM), Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigaciones Medioambientales de Zonas Áridas (LIMZA), Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - S Miralles-Cuevas
- Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Mecánica (EUDIM), Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigaciones Medioambientales de Zonas Áridas (LIMZA), Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - J L Casas López
- CIESOL, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, E04120, University of Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, E04120, University of Almería, Spain
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- CIESOL, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, E04120, University of Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, E04120, University of Almería, Spain
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34
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Chavaco LC, Arcos CA, Prato-Garcia D. Decolorization of reactive dyes in solar pond reactors: Perspectives and challenges for the textile industry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:203-212. [PMID: 28460327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past three decades, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes have been the subject of a large number of research studies aimed at developing a low-cost and robust alternative to treat complex wastewater. Aspects such as installation and operating costs and technical complexity of reactors have limited the commercial applications of Fenton processes. In this study, we evaluated the potential of solar pond reactors to carry out degradation of the dye reactive orange 16 (RO16). Decolorization (D = 99 ± 0.6%), chemical oxygen demand reduction (COD = 55 ± 2%), total organic carbon removal (TOC = 28 ± 0.5%), and biocompatibilization can be accomplished using 15% peroxide (0.6 mg H2O2/mg RO16), which is theoretically required to mineralize the dye. Under dark conditions, decolorization and aromatic removal were scarcely affected (2%), whereas COD and TOC removal were reduced to 37% and 16%, respectively. The application of multivariable analysis and the use of low-cost reactors may lead to a reduction in annual treatment costs of colored effluents to 0.76 (US/m3). Furthermore, the treatment capacity can be increased from 0.6 m3 wastewater/m2 reactor surface to 1.7 m3 wastewater/m2 reactor surface without compromising process efficiency or the biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio) of the effluent. Dyeing auxiliaries, mainly NaCl, appreciably reduced the decolorization performance in Fenton (13 ± 0.4%) and photo-Fenton (83 ± 0.5%) processes due to the formation of iron-chloride complexes and less powerful oxidants. To reduce the impact of auxiliary agents on process performance and treatment capacity, the Fe2+ concentration should be increased from 5 mg/L to 15 mg/L. The results seem promising; however, additional studies at pilot and semi-industrial scales should be conducted to demonstrate the potential of low-cost reactors to carry out colored wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chavaco
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia
| | - C A Arcos
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia
| | - D Prato-Garcia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia.
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35
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De la Obra I, Ponce-Robles L, Miralles-Cuevas S, Oller I, Malato S, Sánchez Pérez J. Microcontaminant removal in secondary effluents by solar photo-Fenton at circumneutral pH in raceway pond reactors. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Freitas AM, Rivas G, Campos-Mañas MC, Casas López JL, Agüera A, Sánchez Pérez JA. Ecotoxicity evaluation of a WWTP effluent treated by solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH in a raceway pond reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1093-1104. [PMID: 27335017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Some pollutants can be resistant to wastewater treatment, hence becoming a risk to aquatic and terrestrial biota even at the very low concentrations (ng L-1-μg L-1) they are commonly found at. Tertiary treatments are used for micropollutant removal but little is known about the ecotoxicity of the treated effluent. In this study, a municipal secondary effluent was treated by a solar photo-Fenton reactor at initial neutral pH in a raceway pond reactor, and ecotoxicity was evaluated before and after micropollutant removal. Thirty-nine micropollutants were identified in the secondary effluent, mainly pharmaceuticals, with a total concentration of ≈80 μg L-1. After treatment, 99 % microcontaminant degradation was reached. As for ecotoxicity reduction, the assayed organisms showed the following sensitivity levels: Tetrahymena thermophila > Daphnia magna > Lactuca sativa > Spirodela polyrhiza ≈ Vibrio fischeri. The initial effluent showed an inhibitory effect of 40 % for T. thermophila and 20 % for D. magna. After 20 min of photo-Fenton treatment, no toxic effect was observed for T. thermophila and toxicity dropped to 5 % for D. magna. Graphical abstract Ecotoxicity removal by solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH. ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Freitas
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - G Rivas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería, Spain
| | - M C Campos-Mañas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería, Spain
| | - J L Casas López
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería, Spain
| | - A Agüera
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería, Spain
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería, Spain.
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