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Niu J, Wang C, Qiao K, Liao M, Liu Y, Ding Y, Yao H, Zhang H, Cao H. Quaternized chitosan-based organic-inorganic nanohybrid nanoparticles loaded with prothioconazole for efficient management of fungal diseases with minimal environmental impact. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129662. [PMID: 38266842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Poor foliar deposition and retention of pesticides results in serious pesticide residues and environmental pollution. Organic-inorganic hybridized nanoparticles (OIHN), combining the advantages of organic and inorganic materials, can be used as carriers to load pesticides for efficient and safe application. Herein, a novel multifunctional OIHN composed of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and cationic chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) was constructed and used as a delivery system for prothioconazole (PTC). The resultant PTC@MSNs-HACC exhibited a remarkable loading capacity of 39.07 wt% and demonstrated enhanced PTC release (31.47 %) under alkaline conditions. The UV-shielding properties of MSNs efficiently shielded PTC from photodegradation, increasing its photostability by over threefold. The strong positive charge of HACC conferred excellent adhesion of PTC@MSNs-HACC to fungal cell membranes, leading to high deposition on wheat leaves with improved rain-wash resistance (increased by 30 %). Consequently, PTC@MSNs-HACC (EC50: 12.48 mg/L) exhibited superior wheat scab control compared to PTC emulsifiable concentrate (EC50: 28.49 mg/L). Additionally, PTC@MSNs-HACC displayed excellent uptake and transport in plants, ensuring plant safety and reducing toxicity to zebrafish by >1-fold. The potential application of the developed PTC@MSNs-HACC in agricultural production holds significant promise and is anticipated to find widespread use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfan Niu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Qiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Yao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Rivas MV, Arenas Muñetón MJ, Bordoni AV, Lombardo MV, Spagnuolo CC, Wolosiuk A. Revisiting carboxylic group functionalization of silica sol-gel materials. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1628-1653. [PMID: 36752739 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02279f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The carboxylic chemical group is a ubiquitous moiety present in amino acids, a ligand for transition metals, a colloidal stabilizer, and a weak acidic ion-exchanger in polymeric resins and given this property, it is attractive for responsive materials or nanopore-based gating applications. As the number of uses increases, subtle requirements are imposed on this molecular group when anchored to various platforms for the functioning of an integrated chemical system. In this context, silica stands as an inert and multipurpose platform that enables the anchoring of multiple chemical entities combined through several orthogonal synthesis methods on the interface. Surface chemical modification relies on the use of organoalkoxysilanes that must meet the demand of tuned chemical properties; this, in turn, urges for innovative approaches for having an improved, but simple, organic toolbox. Starting from commonly available molecular precursors, several approaches have emerged: hydrosilylation, click thiol-ene additions, the use of carbodiimides or the reaction between cyclic anhydrides and anchored amines. In this review, we analyze the importance of the COOH groups in the area of materials science and the commercial availability of COOH-based silanes and present new approaches for obtaining COOH-based organoalkoxide precursors. Undoubtedly, this will attract widespread interest for the ultimate design of highly integrated chemical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verónica Rivas
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Arenas Muñetón
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea V Bordoni
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Verónica Lombardo
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carla C Spagnuolo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Wolosiuk
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Dan A, Zhang S, Chen Z, Dong J, Zheng W, Tu Y, Lin Z, Cai Z. Facile synthesis of Cu 2+-immobilized magnetic covalent organic frameworks for highly efficient enrichment and sensitive determination of five phthalate monoesters from mouse plasma with HPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 2023; 253:123923. [PMID: 36108515 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of a simple, highly selective, and sensitive analytical method for phthalate monoesters (mPAEs) remains a challenge due to the complexity of biological samples. To address this issue, Cu2+ immobilized magnetic covalent organic frameworks (Fe3O4@TtDt@Cu2+ composites) with core-shell structures were prepared to enhance the enrichment efficiency of mPAEs by a facile approach synthesis of COFs shells with inherent bifunctional groups on Fe3O4 NPs and further Cu2+ immobilization. The composites exhibit high specific surface area (348.1 m2 g-1), outstanding saturation magnetization (34.94 emu g-1), ordered mesoporous structure, Cu2+ immobilization, and excellent thermal stability. Accordingly, a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) pretreatment technique based on Cu2+ immobilized COF composites combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established, and key parameters including the adsorbent amount, adsorption time, elution solvent, etc. were examined in detail. The developed analytical method showed wide linear ranges (10-8000 ng L-1), low limit of detections (LODs, 2-10 ng L-1), and good correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9904) for the five mPAEs. Furthermore, the analytical method was also successfully applied to the highly sensitive detection of metabolite mPAEs in mouse plasma samples, indicating the promising application of the Fe3O4@TtDt@Cu2+ composites as a quick and efficient adsorbent in the sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akang Dan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jinghan Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yuxin Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
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Jia L, Wang F, Zhang K, Wang D, Wang X, Li X, Zhang J. l-Theanine Inhibits (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Oxidation via Chelating Copper. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7751-7761. [PMID: 35696521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study showed that glutamate can inhibit dopamine oxidation via chelating copper. l-Theanine is an amino acid analogue of glutamate, whereas tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is similar to dopamine in avidly undergoing oxidation. We thus hypothesized that l-theanine could also restrain EGCG oxidation via chelating copper. The current study scrutinized influences of l-theanine on EGCG oxidation in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro results showed that l-theanine and copper formed an l-theanine-copper complex with impaired redox activity of copper. Accordingly, l-theanine effectively suppressed copper-facilitated EGCG oxidation, hydroxyl radical production, and DNA damage; inhibited EGCG autoxidation which in essence involves catalysis of transition metals such as copper; and reduced EGCG oxidation-associated formation of a quinone adduct with proteins known as quinoproteins. Consistently, l-theanine significantly increased hepatic EGCG levels and reduced hepatic quinoprotein levels and liver injury in mice treated with EGCG. These lines of evidence together suggest that tea l-theanine can protect against tea catechin oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fuming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Cao J, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu K, Wang Y, Zhen W, Chen Y. Preparation and characterization of modified amphiphilic nano-silica for enhanced oil recovery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li N, Sun C, Jiang J, Wang A, Wang C, Shen Y, Huang B, An C, Cui B, Zhao X, Wang C, Gao F, Zhan S, Guo L, Zeng Z, Zhang L, Cui H, Wang Y. Advances in Controlled-Release Pesticide Formulations with Improved Efficacy and Targetability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12579-12597. [PMID: 34672558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used in modern agriculture and are important for global food security. However, postapplication losses due to degradation, photolysis, evaporation, leaching, surface runoff, and other processes may substantially reduce their efficacy. Controlled-release formulations can achieve the permeation-regulated transfer of an active ingredient from a reservoir to a target surface. Thus, they can maintain an active ingredient at a predetermined concentration for a specified period. This can reduce degradation and dissipation and other losses and has the potential to improve efficacy. Recent developments in controlled-release technology have adapted the concepts of intelligence and precision from the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, we present recent advances in the development of controlled-release formulations and discuss details of the preparation methods, material improvements, and application technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjun Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingna Huang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changcheng An
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunxin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shenshan Zhan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhanghua Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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An Unrecognized Fundamental Relationship between Neurotransmitters: Glutamate Protects against Catecholamine Oxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101564. [PMID: 34679699 PMCID: PMC8533062 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) are liable to undergo oxidation, which copper is deeply involved in. Catecholamine oxidation-derived neurotoxicity is recognized as a pivotal pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamate, as an excitatory neurotransmitter, is enriched in the brain at extremely high concentrations. However, the chemical biology relationship of these two classes of neurotransmitters remains largely unknown. In the present study, we assessed the influences of glutamate on the autoxidation of catecholamines, the copper- and copper-containing ceruloplasmin-mediated oxidation of catecholamines, the catecholamine-induced formation of quinoprotein, catecholamine/copper-induced hydroxyl radicals, and DNA damage in vitro. The results demonstrate that glutamate, at a physiologically achievable molar ratio of glutamate/catecholamines, has a pronounced inhibitory effect on catecholamine oxidation, catecholamine oxidation-evoked hydroxyl radicals, quinoprotein, and DNA damage. The protective mechanism of glutamate against catecholamine oxidation could be attributed to its restriction of the redox activity of copper via chelation. This previously unrecognized link between glutamate, catecholamines, and copper suggests that neurodegenerative disorders may occur and develop once the built-in equilibrium is disrupted and brings new insight into developing more effective prevention and treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dong H, Xiong R, Liang Y, Tang G, Yang J, Tang J, Niu J, Gao Y, Zhou Z, Cao Y. Development of glycine-copper( ii) hydroxide nanoparticles with improved biosafety for sustainable plant disease management. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21222-21227. [PMID: 35518721 PMCID: PMC9054364 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prepared Gly-Cu(OH)2 NPs could significantly reduce the severity of bacterial black rot and had no effect on phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Dong
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
- College of Plant Science
| | - Renci Xiong
- College of Plant Science
- Tarim University
- Alaer
- China
| | - You Liang
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Gang Tang
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiale Yang
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jingyue Tang
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Junfan Niu
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yunhao Gao
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongsong Cao
- College of Plant Protection
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
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