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Kadhim NR, Flayeh HM, Abbar AH. A new approach for cobalt (II) removal from simulated wastewater using electro membrane extraction with a flat sheet supported liquid membrane. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22343. [PMID: 38045123 PMCID: PMC10692895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to efficiently remove cobalt (Co) from aqueous solutions by using a novel Electromembrane Extraction (EME) technique. This novel electrochemical cell design featured two distinct glass chambers, incorporating a Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) composed of a polypropylene flat membrane saturated with 1-octanol and a carrier substance, as well as electrodes constructed from graphite and stainless steel. The investigation covered an exploration of various effective parameters like, carrier type, voltage across the cell, donor solution pH, and the initial Co concentration, with the overarching goal of comprehending their individual effect on Co removal efficiency. Notably, two different carriers, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP), were systematically evaluated in combination with 1-octanol. The findings underscored the pivotal role of the cell voltage in significantly enhancing the mass transfer rate of cobalt across the membrane, thereby advancing the effectiveness of the removal process. After a comprehensive optimization process, the optimal operating conditions were established as follows: employing 1-octanol with 1.0 % v/v bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as a carrier, applying a voltage of 60 V, maintaining an initial pH of 5, utilizing an initial cobalt concentration of 15 mg/L, conducting an extraction for 6 h, and employing a stirring rate of 1000 rpm. Remarkably, these conditions led to the attainment of an impressive removal efficiency of 87 %. In stark contrast, when no voltage was applied, the removal efficiency did not surpass 40 %. This underscores the pivotal role of the applied voltage in enhancing the cobalt removal process under the specified conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor R. Kadhim
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hussain M. Flayeh
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali H. Abbar
- Biochemical Engineering Department, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq
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2
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Tey HY, Breadmore MC, See HH. Electrokinetic Extraction of Doxorubicin from Biological Fluids by Polymer Inclusion Membrane Sampling Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2134-2139. [PMID: 36649064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) based sampling probe was developed for electrokinetic extraction of drugs from biological fluids. The probe was fabricated by dip-coating a nonconductive glass capillary tube in a homogeneous PIM solution for three cycles. The PIM solution comprised cellulose triacetate (CTA), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [EMIM][NTf2] in a ratio of 5:4:2. The developed probe electrokinetically extracted doxorubicin from human plasma, human serum, and dried blood spot (DBS). The practicability and reliability of the electrokinetic extraction were evaluated by LC-MS/MS to quantify the desorption of extracted doxorubicin. Under the optimized conditions, a quantification limit of 0.2-2 ng/mL was achieved for the three biological samples. The probe was further integrated into a portable battery-powered device for safe low-voltage (36 V) electrokinetic extraction. The developed technique is envisioned to provide a more efficient analytical workflow in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin Tey
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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3
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Ncib S, Chibani A, Barhoumi A, Larchet C, Dammak L, Elaloui E, Bouguerra W. Separation of copper and nickel from synthetic wastewater by polymer inclusion membrane containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Song H, Kumar A, Zhang Y. Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation prevents Cd 2+ migration through the soil profile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157167. [PMID: 35792264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-containing wastewater has been used to irrigate agricultural land. However, long term usage has resulted in the accumulation of Cd in the soil systems, which can eventually leach into the aquifer, contaminating groundwater. Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), an economical and effective method, was used to block the in situ migration of Cd2+ in the soil profile. The results of the laboratory experiments showed that the maximum Cd2+ adsorption capacity of the soil exposed to MICP (8.92 mg/g) was higher than that of soil without MICP (7.12 mg/g). The Thomas model provided a good fit for the Cd2+ migration process in soil exposed to MICP (R2 > 0.96), and Cd2+ was trapped more effectively by soil exposed to MICP than by soil alone. Further testing showed that the Cd2+ retention time in the MICP soil column increased with increasing soil urea content and pH but decreased with increasing flow rate. Soil physico-chemical properties showed that the MICP process increased the soil particle size and Cd capacity and decreased the proportion of exchangeable Cd in the soil. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the generation of CdCO3 in the MICP soil column. The findings of this study indicate that MICP can be effectively used to immobilize Cd2+ and prevent its migration in the soil profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Song
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China.
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5
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López YC, Ortega GA, Reguera E. Hazardous ions decontamination: From the element to the material. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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6
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Olasupo A, Ahmed N, Kamil WMWA, Suah FBM. Enhanced removal of sulfamethoxazole antibiotics from aquatic samples by electromembrane extraction process. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Wu S, Liang L, Zhang Q, Xiong L, Shi S, Chen Z, Lu Z, Fan L. The ion-imprinted oyster shell material for targeted removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114031. [PMID: 34735836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to realize the sustainable utilization of waste oyster shell and develop a targeted removal technology for cadmium. A novel ion-imprinted oyster shell material (IIOS) was prepared by surface imprinting technique. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis and N2 adsorption-desorption. The adsorption performances of IIOS for Cd(II) from aqueous solution were studied by the single factor sequential batch, kinetics, isotherms, selectivity and recycling experiments. The characterization researches showed that IIOS was successfully prepared. The adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption process reached equilibrium within 240 min; the maximum adsorption capacity was up to 69.1 mg g-1 with the initial Cd(II) concentration of 75 mg L-1 at pH 5; the adsorption process fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm model, which revealed the chemisorption characteristic of Cd(II). Moreover, IIOS exhibited a good targeted adsorption of Cd(II) in several binary competition systems owing to the present of these imprinted cavities. The recycling experiment showed that the targeted removal ratio of IIOS for Cd(II) remained above 80% after used six times. The results of this study indicated that it is a promising prospect for waste oyster shell used as IIOS to dispose heavy metals in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lifeng Xiong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuiqin Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zibin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zexiang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Liwei Fan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Eie LV, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen FA. Electromembrane extraction of polar substances - Status and perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114407. [PMID: 34634529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the scientific literature on electromembrane extraction (EME) of polar substances (log P < 2) is reviewed. EME is an extraction technique based on electrokinetic migration of analyte ions from an aqueous sample, across an organic supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution. Because extraction is based on voltage-assisted partitioning, EME is fundamentally suitable for extraction of polar and ionizable substances that are challenging in many other extraction techniques. The article provides an exhaustive overview of papers on EME of polar substances. From this, different strategies to improve the mass transfer of polar substances are reviewed and critically discussed. These strategies include different SLM chemistries, modification of supporting membranes, sorbent additives, aqueous solution chemistry, and voltage/current related strategies. Finally, the future applicability of EME for polar substances is discussed. We expect EME in the coming years to be developed towards both very selective targeted analysis, as well as untargeted analysis of polar substances in biomedical applications such as metabolomics and peptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vårdal Eie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Song H, Kumar A, Zhang Y. A novel approach for the removal of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from wastewater by sulfur-ferromagnetic nanoparticles (SFMNs). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132156. [PMID: 34826898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decades, due to rapid increase in industrialization, urbanization, anthropogenic activity in the catchments, removal of heavy metals contaminants in wastewater has become global challenges. Numerous advance technologies have been introduced to deal with these problems but failed in reducing adequate pollution load in the contaminated water and/or wastewater. In this study, sulfur-ferromagnetic nanoparticles (SFMNs) were synthesized by modification of nano-Fe3O4, which can be rapidly separated from the environment by an external magnetic field after in situ repair. Its structure and physical properties were characterized by conventional techniques included Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The ability of the SFMNs to remove Pb2+ and Cd2+ was studied at different temperatures and initial metal ions concentrations. The adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was 300 min consequently adsorption process of SFMNs fit well (R2 > 0.99) with pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption thermodynamics showed that the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on SFMNs is spontaneous (negative value of ΔG0) endothermic process (positive value of ΔH0) and fit well (R2 > 0.98) with the Langmuir isothermal model. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that SFMNs can transfer electrons to Pb2+ and Cd2+, and the metal ions form stable chelates on the ligand surface. This study implies that newly synthesized sulfur-ferromagnetic nanoparticles could play an instrumental role in metal ions removal from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Song
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Maiphetlho K, Chimuka L, Tutu H, Richards H. Technical design and optimisation of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for sample pre-treatment and passive sampling - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149483. [PMID: 34426342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review reports on the increasing interest in technical designs, calibration, and application of PIM-based devices in sample pre-treatment and passive sampling in environmental water monitoring from 2010 to 2021. With regards to passive sampling, devices are calibrated in a laboratory setup using either a dip-in or flow-through approach before environmental application. In sample preparation, the device set-ups can be offline, online or in a continuous flow separation device connected to a flow injection analysis system. The PIMs have also demonstrated potential in both these offline and online separations; however, there is still a draw-back of low diffusion coefficients obtained in these PIM set-ups. Electro-driven membrane (EME) extraction has demonstrated better performance as well as improved analyte flux. Critical in electro-driven membrane extraction is applying correct voltage that may not compromise the PIM performance due to leaching of components to the aqueous solutions. Further, besides different PIM configurations and designs being developed, PIM based extractions are central to PIM components (base polymer, carrier and plasticizer). As such, recent studies have also focused on improving PIM stability by investigating use of various PIM components, incorporating nano additives into the PIM composition, and investigating novel green PIM synthetic routes. All these aspects are covered in this review. Further, some recent studies that have demonstrated the ability to eliminate effects of flow patterns and membrane biofouling in PIM based applications are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgomotso Maiphetlho
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hlanganani Tutu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Richards
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
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11
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Polyvinyl chloride-based membranes: A review on fabrication techniques, applications and future perspectives. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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High-performance adsorption of chromate by hydrazone-linked guanidinium-based ionic covalent organic frameworks: Selective ion exchange. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Ghaderi N, Dolatyari L, Kazemi D, Sharafi HR, Shayani‐Jam H, Yaftian MR. Application of a polymer inclusion membrane made of cellulose triacetate base polymer and trioctylamine for the selective extraction of bismuth(
III
) from chloride solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ghaderi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science The University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran
| | - Leila Dolatyari
- Department of Chemistry, Zanjan Branch Islamic Azad University Zanjan Iran
| | - Davood Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science The University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science The University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran
| | - Hassan Shayani‐Jam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science The University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran
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Hansen FA, Tirandaz S, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Selectivity and efficiency of electromembrane extraction of polar bases with different liquid membranes-Link to analyte properties. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2631-2641. [PMID: 33909952 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present fundamental study, selectivity and efficiency of electromembrane extraction of 50 polar basic substances (-6.7 < log P < +1.0) was systematically studied for ten different supported liquid membranes. For each model substance, 23 molecular descriptors were collected and these were investigated as potential parameters for understanding of extraction efficiency and selectivity by means of partial least squares regression. Overall, a highly aromatic deep eutectic solvent composed of coumarin and thymol with addition of 2% ionic carrier (di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate) provided the highest extraction efficiency with an average extraction yield of 69% from pure water samples, 55% from plasma, and 62% from urine. With this solvent system, ionic, cation-π, and π-π interactions between the supported liquid membrane and analytes were dominant. Supported liquid membranes without aromaticity, however, operated primarily based on hydrogen-bonding interactions. This is the first time the relationship between analyte properties, solvent composition, and extraction yield has systematically been studied for polar bases in electromembrane extraction. This new knowledge represents a first step toward enabling future development and optimization of electromembrane extraction systems for polar bases based on rational design, rather than trial-and-error approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Tirandaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gurreri L, Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G. Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E146. [PMID: 32660014 PMCID: PMC7408617 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10070146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Tamburini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.G.); (A.C.); (G.M.)
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