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Odinga ES, Chen X, Mbao EO, Waigi MG, Gudda FO, Zhou X, Ling W, Czech B, Oleszczuk P, Abdalmegeed D, Gao Y. Estrogens and xenoestrogen residues in manure-based fertilizers and their potential ecological risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118609. [PMID: 37473553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Optimal manure treatment aimed at usage as agricultural soil fertilizers is a prerequisite ecological pollution control strategy. In this work, livestock manure-based fertilizers were collected from 71 animal farms across 14 provinces in China. The contamination levels and potential ecotoxicological risks of residual steroid estrogens (SEs): estrone (E1), estriol (E3), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and xenoestrogen (XE) bisphenol A (BPA), were investigated. The results showed that the occurrence frequencies for SEs and XE ranged from 66.67% to 100%, and the mean concentration varied considerably across the study locations. The total content of SEs and XE in Hebei province was the highest, and swine manure-based fertilizers concentrations were higher than the levels reported in other animal fertilizers. Compared with farm level manure, manure-based fertilizers are processed by composting, and the micropollutants quantities are significantly reduced (mean: 87.65 - 534.02 μg/kg). The total estradiol equivalent quantity (EEQ) that might migrate to the soil was estimated to be 1.23 μg/kg. Based on the estimated application rate of manure, 38% of the fertilizers risk quotients exceeded 0.1, indicating medium to high risks pressure on terrestrial organisms. Nonetheless, the estrogenic risk was lower in manure-based fertilizers than in manure. This study highlights the significance of proper treatment of livestock manure and designing an optimal manure fertilization strategy to mitigate the risks posed by SEs and XEs to the agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuwen Chen
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Evance Omondi Mbao
- Department of Geosciences and the Environment, The Technical University of Kenya, PO Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fredrick Owino Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bożena Czech
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3/541 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3/541 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Hung HS, Yeh KJC, Chen TC. Investigation of free and conjugated estrogen fate and emission coefficients in three duck farms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9874-9885. [PMID: 36059016 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentration animal feeding operation (CAFO) is an important source of environmental estrogen. However, to the best of our knowledge, the data on estrogen discharge during duck breeding and growth is insufficient. This study used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to analyze the free and conjugated estrogen concentrations in the surface water, outlet water, groundwater, and duck manure/soil mixture at three duck farms in Taiwan. Natural estrogen species included estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S), 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate (E2-3S), estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3G), and 17β-estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G), whereas synthetic estrogen included 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES). This study showed that the total estrogen concentrations in the surface water and groundwater were 15.4 and 4.5 ng/L, respectively, which constituted 56% and 58%, respectively, conjugated estrogen. From the pond to the outlet water, the total estrogen concentration decreased by 3.9 ng/L (23% loss) in the duck farms. However, the estrogenic potency was slightly reduced from 0.91 to 0.88 E2 equivalent/L, showing a negligible decrease. From the pond to the outlet water, the field results showed that converting the conjugated estrogen into free estrogen in the duck farm-released water increased their environmental hazard. Primarily E1, with an average concentration of 0.9 ± 1.6 ng/g, was present in the duck manure. The estrogen excreted by the ducks in the pond (from surface water to outlet water) was estimated to be 0.18 kg/million head-year. Although the estrogen concentration in the duck farms was low, the environmental impact of CAFO should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Shen Hung
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Jyum C Yeh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Garduño-Jiménez AL, Durán-Álvarez JC, Gomes RL. Meta-analysis and machine learning to explore soil-water partitioning of common pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155675. [PMID: 35533866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The first meta-analysis and modelling from batch-sorption literature studies of the soil/water partitioning of pharmaceuticals is presented. Analysis of the experimental conditions reported in the literature demonstrated that though batch-sorption studies have value, they are limited in evaluating partitioning under environmentally-relevant conditions. Recommendations are made to utilise environmental relevant pharmaceutical concentrations, perform batch-sorption studies at temperatures other than 4, 20 and 25 °C to better reflect climate diversity, and utilise the Guideline 106 methodology as a benchmark to enable comparison between future studies (and support modelling and prediction). The meta-dataset comprised 82 data points, which were modelled using multivariate analysis; where Kd (soil/water partitioning coefficient) was the independent variable. The dependent variables fit into three categories: 1) pharmaceutical studied (including physical-chemical properties), 2) soil characteristics and 3) experimental conditions. The pharmaceutical solubility, the soil/liquid equilibration time (prior to adding the pharmaceutical), the soil organic carbon, the soil sterilisation method and the liquid phase were found to be significantly important variables for predicting Kd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan-Carlos Durán-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rachel Louise Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Song X, Zhang Z, Wen Y, Zhang W, Xie Y, Cao N, Sun D, Yang Y. The response of steroid estrogens bioavailability to various sorption mechanisms by soil organic matter extracted with sequential alkaline-extraction method from an agriculture soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119630. [PMID: 35760201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-term groundwater contamination risks posed by steroidal estrogens (SEs) in animal-manured agricultural soils are closely associated with the soil organic matter (SOM) content and composition. In this study, the bioavailability of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) under different sorption mechanism in humic acids (HA1 and HA2) and humin (HM) extracted with sequential alkaline-extraction technique (SAET) were examined. These SOMs extracted by SAET showed various properties and sorption characteristics for SEs. The alkyl carbon and condensed SOM increased during SAET, but aromatic carbon decreased and the same trend for polarity. Quick sorption was the major SEs sorption mechanism on HA1 and HA2, which contributed more than 69%; whilst slow sorption rate was about 50% in soil and HM. The logKoc values were proportional to the TOC of SOM according to Freundlich fitting, and the sorption capacity of sorbent for E1 and 17β-E2 was related to the logKow values, indicating that the main mechanism controlling the SEs sorption was hydrophobic interaction. The larger micropore volume of HM and soil was more conducive to the micropore filling of SEs. Meanwhile, the specific sorption of SEs on condensed domain of SOM was the main reason for the strong desorption hysteresis and slow sorption in HM and soil. The SEs degradation rate was positively correlated with the contribution rate of quick adsorption and negatively correlated with the contribution rate of slow adsorption, indicating that the bioavailability of SEs sorbed by hydrophobic interaction was higher than that of micropore filling or specific sorption, which was also the reason for the low bioavailability of SEs in HM and soil. This work confirms the regulation of on-site SOM compositions and their properties on SEs sorption and bioavailability. Characterization of these details is crucial for the improved prediction of long-term risks to groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Song
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Chengdu Center of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Yujuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Yi Xie
- Liaoning Provincial Ecology & Environment Monitoring Center, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Chengdu Center of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Chengdu Center of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Biodegradation and Metabolic Pathway of 17β-Estradiol by Rhodococcus sp. ED55. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116181. [PMID: 35682859 PMCID: PMC9181579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment are considered a motif of concern, due to the widespread occurrence and potential adverse ecological and human health effects. The natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), is frequently detected in receiving water bodies after not being efficiently removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), promoting a negative impact for both the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this study, the biodegradation of E2 by Rhodococcus sp. ED55, a bacterial strain isolated from sediments of a discharge point of WWTP in Coloane, Macau, was investigated. Rhodococcus sp. ED55 was able to completely degrade 5 mg/L of E2 in 4 h in a synthetic medium. A similar degradation pattern was observed when the bacterial strain was used in wastewater collected from a WWTP, where a significant improvement in the degradation of the compound occurred. The detection and identification of 17 metabolites was achieved by means of UPLC/ESI/HRMS, which proposed a degradation pathway of E2. The acute test with luminescent marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri revealed the elimination of the toxicity of the treated effluent and the standardized yeast estrogenic (S-YES) assay with the recombinant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed a decrease in the estrogenic activity of wastewater samples after biodegradation.
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Du B, Yu W, Yang L, Fan G, Yang S, Jiang H, Bi S, Yu C. Migration and abiotic transformation of estrone (E1) and estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S) during soil column transport. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:911-924. [PMID: 34117975 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens have received worldwide attention and given rise to great challenges of aquatic ecosystems security, posing potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health even at low levels (ng/L). The present study focused on understanding the mobility and abiotic transformation of estrone (E1) and estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S) over spatial and time scales during soil transport. Column transport experiments showed that the migration capacity of E1-3S was far stronger than E1 in soil. The calculated groundwater ubiquity score and leachability index values also indicated the high leaching mobility of E1-3S. The hydrolysis of E1-3S and abiotic transformation into estradiol and estriol was observed in the sterilized soil. Furthermore, possible transformation products (e.g., SE239, E2378, E1 dimer538, E1-E2 dimer541) of E1 and E1-3S in soil were analyzed and identified after the column transport experiments. The estrogenic activity was estimated by 17β-estradiol equivalency values during the transport process in aqueous and soil phases. Additionally, the potential leaching transport to groundwater of E1-3S requires further critical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghao Du
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| | - Lun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Shenglan Bi
- Chongqing Comprehensive Management Center of Urban Pipeline, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
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Yang S, Yu W, Yang L, Du B, Chen S, Sun W, Jiang H, Xie M, Tang J. Occurrence and Fate of Steroid Estrogens in a Chinese Typical Concentrated Dairy Farm and Slurry Irrigated Soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:67-77. [PMID: 33205963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Animal husbandry is the second largest source of steroid estrogen (SE) pollutants in the environment, and it is significant to investigate the occurrence and fate of SEs discharged from concentrated animal feeding operations. In this research, with a Chinese typical concentrated dairy farm as the object, the concentrations of SEs (E1, 17α-E2, 17β-E2, E3, and E1-S3) in slurry, lagoon water, and slurry-irrigated soil samples in summer, autumn, and winter were determined. The total concentrations of SEs (mainly E1, 17α-E2, and 17β-E2) in slurry were very high in the range of 263.1-2475.08 ng·L-1. In the lagoon water, the removal efficiencies of the aerobic tank could reach up to 89.53%, with significant fluctuation in different seasons. In the slurry-irrigated soil, the maximum concentrations of SEs in the topsoil and subsoil were 21.54 ng·g-1 to 6.82 g·g-1, respectively. Most of the SEs tended to transport downward and accumulate in the soil accompanied with the complex mutual conversion. Correlations and hierarchical clustering analysis showed a variety of intertransformation among SEs, and the concentrations of SEs were correlated with various physicochemical indexes, such as TN and NO3--N of the slurry, chemical oxygen demand of the lagoon water, and the heavy metals of soil. In addition, 17β-estradiol equivalency assessment and risk quotients indicated that the slurry irrigation and discharge of the lagoon water would cause potential estrogenic risks to the environment. Consequently, reasonable slurry irrigation and lagoon water discharge are essential to efficiently control SE pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Lun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Shiling Chen
- Risland Thailand Co., Ltd., Huai Khwang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
| | - Weizhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Mingyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
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Du B, Fan G, Yu W, Yang S, Zhou J, Luo J. Occurrence and risk assessment of steroid estrogens in environmental water samples: A five-year worldwide perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115405. [PMID: 33618485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of steroid estrogens (SEs) in the aquatic environment has raised global concern for their potential environmental impacts. This paper extensively compiled and reviewed the available occurrence data of SEs, namely estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), based on 145 published articles in different regions all over the world including 51 countries and regions during January 2015-March 2020. The data regarding SEs concentrations and estimated 17β-estradiol equivalency (EEQ) values are then compared and analyzed in different environmental matrices, including natural water body, drinking and tap water, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent. The detection frequencies of E1, 17β-E2, and E3 between the ranges of 53%-83% in natural water and WWTPs effluent, and the concentration of SEs varied considerably in different countries and regions. The applicability for EEQ estimation via multiplying relative effect potency (REPi) by chemical analytical data, as well as correlation between EEQbio and EEQcal was also discussed. The risk quotient (RQ) values were on the descending order of EE2 > 17β-E2 > E1 > 17α-E2 > E3 in the great majority of investigations. Furthermore, E1, 17β-E2, and EE2 exhibited high or medium risks in water environmental samples via optimized risk quotient (RQf) approach at the continental-scale. This overview provides the latest insights on the global occurrence and ecological impacts of SEs and may act as a supportive tool for future SEs investigation and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
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Yu W, Yang S, Du B, Zhang Z, Xie M, Chen Y, Zhao C, Chen X, Li Q. Feasibility and mechanism of enhanced 17β-estradiol degradation by the nano Zero Valent Iron-citrate system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122657. [PMID: 32361622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (17β-E2) as a non-conventional pollutant with high damage, the effective removal of 17β-E2 had been studied wildly. In recent years, nano materials application enabled the rapid removal of 17β-E2. Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) as one of the most widely used nano materials could also be used to degrade 17β-E2. But, the degradation performance of nZVI was limited by oxidation and aggregation. Therefore, this study explored the degradation mechanisms of 17β-E2 by nZVI and the enhancement mechanisms of nZVI by citrate. Firstly, 17β-E2 could be effectively degraded under acidic conditions without the addition of citrate. Citrate had protective effect on nZVI, so the degradation efficiency in neutral condition and degradation rate at all pH values of 17β-E2 were enhanced greatly in nZVI-citrate system. 17β-E2 degradation was mainly about group change and cleavage of ring A, as well as dominated by O2-▪ and OH∙ in the absence and presence of citrate. The formation of dimers and trimers proved the existence of laccase-like reaction during the 17β-E2 degradation process by nZVI. In nZVI-citrate system, the laccase-like reaction was replaced by specific cross-coupling of 17β-E2, E1, and citrate. Overall, the study proved that citrate could enhance the degradation of 17β-E2 by nZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Banghao Du
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Mingyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Chenju Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
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