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Lin D, Cen Z, Zhang C, Lin X, Liang T, Xu Y, Zheng L, Qiao Q, Huang L, Xiong K. Triclosan-loaded aged microplastics exacerbate oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles via increased bioaccumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173457. [PMID: 38782285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics and chlorine-containing triclosan (TCS) are widespread in aquatic environments and may pose health risks to organisms. However, studies on the combined toxicity of aged microplastics and TCS are limited. To investigate the toxic effects and potential mechanisms associated with co-exposure to TCS adsorbed on aged polyethylene microplastics (aPE-MPs) at environmentally relevant concentrations, a 7-day chronic exposure experiment was conducted using Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles. The results showed that the overall particle size of aPE-MPs decreased after 30 days of UV aging, whereas the increase in specific surface area improved the adsorption capacity of aPE-MPs for TCS, resulting in the bioaccumulation of TCS under dual-exposure conditions in the order of aPE-TCS > PE-TCS > TCS. Co-exposure to aPE-MPs and TCS exacerbated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity to a greater extent than a single exposure. Significant upregulation of pro-symptomatic factors (IL-β and IL-6) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) indicated that the aPE-TCS combination caused more severe oxidative stress and inflammation. Molecular docking revealed the molecular mechanism of the direct interaction between TCS and SOD, CAT, and AChE proteins, which explains why aPE-MPs promote the bioaccumulation of TCS, causing increased toxicity upon combined exposure. These results emphasize the need to be aware of the combined toxicity caused by the increased ability of aged microplastics to carry contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zifeng Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taojie Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qingxia Qiao
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kairong Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Burratti L, Bertelà F, Sisani M, Di Guida I, Battocchio C, Iucci G, Prosposito P, Venditti I. Three-Dimensional Printed Filters Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogels Doped with Silver Nanoparticles for Removing Hg(II) Ions from Water. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1034. [PMID: 38674954 PMCID: PMC11054970 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, due to water pollution, more and more living beings are exposed to dangerous compounds, which can lead to them contracting diseases. The removal of contaminants (including heavy metals) from water is, therefore, a necessary aspect to guarantee the well-being of living beings. Among the most used techniques, the employment of adsorbent materials is certainly advantageous, as they are easy to synthesize and are cheap. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels doped with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for removing Hg(II) ions from water are presented. AgNPs were embedded in PEGDA-based matrices by using a photo-polymerizable solution. By exploiting a custom-made 3D printer, the filters were synthesized. The kinetics of interaction was studied, revealing that the adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 8 h. Subsequently, the adsorption isotherms of PEGDA doped with AgNPs towards Hg(II) ions were studied at different temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 50 °C). In all cases, the best isotherm model was the Langmuir one (revealing that the chemisorption is the driving process and the most favorable one), with maximum adsorption capacities equal to 0.55, 0.57, and 0.61 mg/g, respectively. Finally, the removal efficiency was evaluated for the three temperatures, obtaining for 4 °C, 25 °C, and 50 °C the values 94%, 94%, and 86%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Burratti
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University of Rome, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (I.V.)
| | - Federica Bertelà
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University of Rome, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (I.V.)
| | - Michele Sisani
- Prolabin & Tefarm S.r.l., 06134 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (I.D.G.)
| | - Irene Di Guida
- Prolabin & Tefarm S.r.l., 06134 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (I.D.G.)
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University of Rome, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (I.V.)
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University of Rome, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (I.V.)
| | - Paolo Prosposito
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University of Rome, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (I.V.)
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Liao W, Wei D, Liu M, Huang L, Li B, Wei Y, Han S, Huang S, Yu Q, Li P. Phenotypic characteristics and immune response of Procypris merus following challenge with aquatic isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13875. [PMID: 37881099 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Currently, aquaculture is a relatively mature industry; however, disease problems are continuously threatening the industry and hindering its development to a certain extent. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the zoonotic bacteria widely present in different hosts and has caused some degree of harm to the aquaculture industry, posing a potential threat to the water environment and indirectly also affecting human food safety issues. In this study, K. pneumoniae was isolated from the aquaculture environment, named as ELD, and subjected to pathogenic and immunological related studies. The results of the study showed that the strain carries at least four virulence-related genes, magA, wabG, ureA and uge, and has developed resistance to at least seven antibacterial drugs, such as amoxicillin, doxycycline, rifampicin, and so on. Moreover, the strain is highly pathogenic and is capable of causing systemic clinical foci in Procypris merus. In addition, after infection with K. pneumoniae, the expression of IL-1β, IL-8, HSP70 and C2 was upregulated in P. merus as a whole, whereas the expression of TNF-α did not change significantly in any of the tissues, which might be a kind of immune response of P. merus against K. pneumoniae infection. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the in-depth exploration of the pathogenic mechanism of K. pneumoniae in fish and the immune response that occurs after the disease is contracted in fish, as well as theoretical support for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against K. pneumoniae-infected aquatic animals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Bingzheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yunyi Wei
- College of Food Science and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Han
- Guangxi Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Lin X, Lin D, Liang T, Huang L, Zheng L, Xu Y. Study on toxicity responses and their mechanisms in Xenopus tropicalis long-term exposure to Shigella flexneri and ciprofloxacin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167040. [PMID: 37709083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The abuse and overuse of antibiotics increased not only the exposure of aquatic animals to antibiotics but also the development of resistance in pathogenic bacteria. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of exposure, a long-term experiment lasting 120 days was conducted in which Xenopus tropicalis was exposed to single and combined stress factors of multiresistant pathogenic Shigella flexneri and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The intestinal oxidative stress, immune factors and flora, as well as the brain-gut axis correlation factors of X. tropicalis, were tracked to account for the response of aquatic animals to the exogenous pollutants. SOD activity and MDA content were significantly increased in stressed X. tropicalis (p < 0.001), while the levels of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, IFN-γ) were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). The content of intestinal beneficial bacteria decreased and that of harmful bacteria increased in the intestinal flora of the stressed X. tropicalis (p < 0.001). These results suggested that S. flexneri and CIP disturbed the intestinal flora and caused oxidative damage in the host, and the body produced a series of responses, such as oxidative stress responses and regulation of the expression of immune factors, to maintain the balance of antioxidant inflammation. Significant changes in the expression of intestinal neurotransmitters (5-HT, CGRP) and brain peptides (BDNF, NCAM, NPY) (p < 0.05) also indicated that the brain-gut axis interaction was disrupted. In addition, although the coexisting CIP could reduce intestinal toxicity caused by S. flexneri, the amount of intestinal pathogenic bacteria Desulfovibrio increased significantly. Moreover, compared with the single exposure group, SOD activity, CAT activity and MDA content were significantly reduced in the dual exposure group. Therefore, the health risks of multiresistant pathogenic bacteria on the intestinal and brain-gut axis interaction should be given more attention, and the interaction of brain-gut axis is more important when antibiotics coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dawu Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Taojie Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lu Huang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Luo F, Song K, Wang G, Ling F. Vitamin B 12 produced by Cetobacterium somerae improves host resistance against pathogen infection through strengthening the interactions within gut microbiota. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:135. [PMID: 37322528 PMCID: PMC10268390 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen infections seriously affect host health, and the use of antibiotics increases the risk of the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and also increases environmental and health safety risks. Probiotics have received much attention for their excellent ability to prevent pathogen infections. Particularly, explaining mechanism of action of probiotics against pathogen infections is important for more efficient and rational use of probiotics and the maintenance of host health. RESULTS Here, we describe the impacts of probiotic on host resistance to pathogen infections. Our findings revealed that (I) the protective effect of oral supplementation with B. velezensis against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was dependent on gut microbiota, specially the anaerobic indigenous gut microbe Cetobacterium; (II) Cetobacterium was a sensor of health, especially for fish infected with pathogenic bacteria; (III) the genome resolved the ability of Cetobacterium somerae CS2105-BJ to synthesize vitamin B12 de novo, while in vivo and in vitro metabolism assays also showed the ability of Cetobacterium somerae CS2105-BJ to produce vitamin B12; (IV) the addition of vitamin B12 significantly altered the gut redox status and the gut microbiome structure and function, and then improved the stability of the gut microbial ecological network, and enhanced the gut barrier tight junctions to prevent the pathogen infection. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study found that the effect of probiotics in enhancing host resistance to pathogen infections depended on function of B12 produced by an anaerobic indigenous gut microbe, Cetobacterium. Furthermore, as a gut microbial regulator, B12 exhibited the ability to strengthen the interactions within gut microbiota and gut barrier tight junctions, thereby improving host resistance against pathogen infection. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaige Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ma R, Sun W, Ji Z. Antibacterial Activity of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) against Shigella flexneri. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4676. [PMID: 36981585 PMCID: PMC10048926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), a major intestinal pathogen, is a global public health concern. The biofilms formed by S. flexneri threaten environmental safety, since they could promote the danger of environmental contamination and strengthen the disease-causing properties of bacteria. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an important catechin in tea, which has a high antibacterial activity. However, its antibacterial mechanism is still unclear. This research aims to quantify the antibacterial function and investigate the possible mechanism of EGCG inhibition of S. flexneri. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EGCG against planktonic S. flexneri in the investigation was measured to be 400 μg/mL. Besides, SDS-PAGE and field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that EGCG interfered with protein synthesis and changed bacteria morphology. Through controlling the expression of the mdoH gene, EGCG was found to be able to prevent an S. flexneri biofilm extracellular polysaccharide from forming, according to experiments utilizing the real-time PCR test. Additional research revealed that EGCG might stimulate the response of S. flexneri to oxidative stress and prevent bacterial growth. These findings suggest that EGCG, a natural compound, may play a substantial role in S. flexneri growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yeyue Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Ruiqing Ma
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Wanting Sun
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zheng Ji
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
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Zhao J, Zhang C, Xu Y, Li X, Lin X, Lin Z, Luan T. Intestinal toxicity and resistance gene threat assessment of multidrug-resistant Shigella: A novel biotype pollutant. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120551. [PMID: 36332708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially pathogens, pose a serious threat to disease treatment and recovery, but their potential toxicity to animal development is not entirely clear. As the most important site for nutrient absorption, we studied the intestinal microbiome of Xenopus tropicalis by analyzing the effect of multidrug-resistant Shigella on its intestinal health. Unlike in the control, Shigella intake promoted the secretion of neutral mucus and inhibited intestinal development and weight gain. Following 60 days of exposure, intestinal crypt atrophy, intestinal villus shortening, internal cavity enlargement, and external mucosal muscle disintegration were observed. The circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles became thinner with increasing pathogen exposure. In addition, the presence of Shigella altered the expression of multiple cytokines and classic antioxidant enzyme activities in the gut, which may have caused the intestinal lesions that we observed. 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis of intestinal samples showed that exposure to Shigella destroyed the normal gut microbial abundance and diversity and increased the functional bacterial ratio. Notably, the increased abundance of intestinal antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may imply that the resistance genes carried by Shigella easily migrate and transmit within the intestine. Our results expand existing knowledge concerning multidrug-resistant Shigella-induced intestinal toxicity in X. tropicalis and provide new insights for the threat assessment of resistance genes carried by drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zitao Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 515200, China.
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