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Shan G, Li W, Liu J, Bao S, Li Z, Wang S, Zhu L, Xi B, Tan W. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of municipal sludge and agricultural waste to reduce plant growth inhibition by aqueous phase products: Molecular level analysis of organic matter. Sci Total Environ 2024; 932:173073. [PMID: 38734103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The organic matter molecular mechanism by which combined hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of municipal sludge (MS) and agricultural wastes (rice husk, spent mushroom substrate, and wheat straw) reduces the inhibitory effects of aqueous phase (AP) products on pak choi (Brassica campestris L.) growth compared to HTC of MS alone is not clear. Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was used to characterize the differences in organic matter at the molecular level between AP from MS HTC alone (AP-MS) and AP from co-HTC of MS and agricultural waste (co-Aps). The results showed that N-bearing molecules of AP-MS and co-Aps account for 70.6 % and 54.2 %-64.1 % of all molecules, respectively. Lignins were present in the highest proportion (56.3 %-78.5 %) in all APs, followed by proteins and lipids. The dry weight of co-APs hydroponically grown pak choi was 31.6 %-47.6 % higher than that of the AP-MS. Molecules that were poorly saturated and with low aromaticity were preferentially consumed during hydroponic treatment. Molecules present before and after hydroponics were defined as resistant molecules; molecules present before hydroponics but absent after hydroponics were defined as removed molecules; and molecules absent before hydroponics but present after hydroponics were defined as produced molecules. Large lignin molecules were broken down into more unsaturated molecules, but lignins were the most commonly resistant, removed, and produced molecules. Correlation analysis revealed that N- or S-bearing molecules were phytotoxic in the AP. Tannins positively influenced the growth of pak choi. These results provide new insights into potential implementation strategies for liquid fertilizers produced from AP arising from HTC of MS and agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shanshan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhenling Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Shuncai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Du Y, Shi T, Guo S, Li H, Qin Y, Wang Y, He C, Wei Y. Unraveling the intrinsic mechanism behind the retention of arsenic in the co-gasification of coal and sewage sludge: Focus on the role of Ca and Fe compounds. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134211. [PMID: 38598878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Minimizing the emission of arsenic (As) is one of the urgent problems during co-gasification of Shenmu coal (SM) and sewage sludge (SS). The intrinsic mechanism of As retention was obtained by analyzing the effect of different SM addition ratios on the As form transformation during co-gasification at 1000 °C under CO2 atmosphere. The results showed that the addition of SM effectively promoted the enrichment of As in the co-gasified residues. Especially, the best As retention rate of 65.71% was achieved with the 70 wt% addition ratio of SM. The addition of SM promoted the adsorption and chemical oxidation of As(III) to the less toxic As(V) through the coupling of Ca and Fe compounds in the co-gasified residues. XRD and XPS results indicated that Fe2O3 adsorbed As2O3(g) after partial conversion to Fe3O4 by the Boudouard reaction, while part of As2O3 was oxidized to As2O5 by lattice oxygen. Finally, the generated As2O5 was successively trapped by CaO and Fe2O3 to form stable Ca3(AsO4)2 and FeAsO4. HRTEM and TEM analysis comprehensively proved that As(III) was stabilized by the lattice cage of CaAl2Si2O8. In conclusion, the co-oxidation of Ca and Fe compounds and lattice stabilization simultaneously played a crucial role in the retention of As2O3(g) during co-gasification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Shugang Guo
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Xiaonanguan Street, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Hugang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Laboratory of Ecology-based Solutions, College of Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Yuhong Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Chong He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Yuexing Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
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Ji G, Huan C, Zeng Y, Lyu Q, Du Y, Liu Y, Xu L, He Y, Tian X, Yan Z. Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in situ remediated heavy metal contamination in sludge nutrient soil. J Hazard Mater 2024; 473:134600. [PMID: 38759409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP), as a newly developing bioremediation technology, could redeem heavy metal contamination in diverse scenarios. In this study, MICP bacterium Sporosarcina ureilytica ML-2 was employed to suppress the pollution of Pb, Cd and Zn in municipal sludge nutrient soil. After MICP remediation, the exchangeable Cd and Zn in sludge nutrient soil were correspondingly reduced by 31.02 % and 6.09 %, while the carbonate-bound Pb, Cd and Zn as well as the residual fractions were increased by 16.12 %, 6.63 %, 13.09 % and 6.10 %, 45.70 %, 3.86 %, respectively. In addition, the extractable Pb, Cd and Zn either by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) in sludge nutrient soil were significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that the bio-calcite generated via MICP helped to immobilize heavy metals. Furthermore, MICP treatment improved the abundance of functional microorganisms related to urea cycle, while reduced the overall abundance of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This work confirmed the feasibility of MICP in remediation of heavy metal in sludge nutrient soil, which expanded the application field of MICP and provided a promising way for heavy metal pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Ji
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Chenchen Huan
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province 710064, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingyang Lyu
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yaling Du
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lishan Xu
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yue He
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xueping Tian
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
| | - Zhiying Yan
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
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Wang W, Xue J, Zhang L, You J. Influence of conditioner and straw on the herbaceous plant-based phytoremediation copper tailings: a field trial at Liujiagou tailings pond, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:25059-25075. [PMID: 38462565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A field trial was performed to carry out an enhanced phytoremediation technique for multi-metal contaminated copper tailings by Sudan grass (Sorghum Sudanese), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), using conditioner (TH-LZ01) and straw combination into composite amendments as soil amendments, aimed to obtain the maximum of phytoremediation effect. The results showed that compared with untreated herbaceous plants, the application of conditioner and straw planted with herbaceous plants reduced the pH and conductivity and increased the organic matter and water content of the copper tailings to different degrees. With the addition of conditioner and straw, the DTPA-Cd, DTPA-Cu, DTPA-Pb, and DTPA-Zn contents in the copper tailings showed a decreasing trend compared with the untreated group. The herbaceous plants were promoted to reduce the percentage contents of acid soluble fractions Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn and to increase the percentage contents of reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the copper tailings to different degrees. The contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the underground part of herbaceous plants were higher than those in the aboveground part, and the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the aboveground part and underground part decreased after adding conditioner and straw, which indicated that the conditioner and straw inhibited the transport of heavy metals in the plant. Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed that the application of conditioner and straw with planting ryegrass had more potential for improving the physicochemical properties of copper tailings and reducing heavy metal toxicity, followed by Bermuda grass and Sudan grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinchun Xue
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiajia You
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
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Taharia M, Dey D, Das K, Sukul U, Chen JS, Banerjee P, Dey G, Sharma RK, Lin PY, Chen CY. Microbial induced carbonate precipitation for remediation of heavy metals, ions and radioactive elements: A comprehensive exploration of prospective applications in water and soil treatment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 271:115990. [PMID: 38262090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Improper disposal practices have caused environmental disruptions, possessing by heavy metal ions and radioactive elements in water and soil, where the innovative and sustainable remediation strategies are significantly imperative in last few decades. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has emerged as a pioneering technology for remediating contaminated soil and water. Generally, MICP employs urease-producing microorganisms to decompose urea (NH2CONH2) into ammonium (NH4+and carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby increasing pH levels and inducing carbonate precipitation (CO32-), and effectively removing remove contaminants. Nonetheless, the intricate mechanism underlying heavy metal mineralization poses a significant challenge, constraining its application in contaminants engineering, particularly in the context of prolonged heavy metal leaching over time and its efficacy in adverse environmental conditions. This review provides a comprehensive idea of recent development of MICP and its application in environmental engineering, examining metabolic pathways, mineral precipitation mechanisms, and environmental factors as well as providing future perspectives for commercial utilization. The use of ureolytic bacteria in MICP demonstrates cost-efficiency, environmental compatibility, and successful pollutant abatement over tradition bioremediation techniques, and bio-synthesis of nanoparticles. limitations such as large-scale application, elevated Ca2+levels in groundwater, and gradual contaminant release need to be overcome. The possible future research directions for MICP technology, emphasizing its potential in conventional remediation, CO2 sequestration, bio-material synthesis, and its role in reducing environmental impact for long-term economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Taharia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Debanjan Dey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC campus, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Koyeli Das
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Uttara Sukul
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Pritam Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gobinda Dey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Raju Kumar Sharma
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yun Lin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yen Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Center for Nano Bio-Detection, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, AIM-HI, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan.
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Zhao Y, Liu W, Hu X, Li X, Wang C, Yu Y, Zhang J. Effect of surfactant on urease-producing flora from waste activated sludge using microbially induced calcite precipitation technology to suppress coal dust. Environ Res 2023; 237:116941. [PMID: 37633632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a challenge in dust suppression. Herein, the tolerance of urease-producing flora to surfactants was investigated. The optimal tolerance concentrations of the urease-producing flora to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS, anionic surfactant), alkyl polyglycoside (APG, non-ionic surfactant), and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB, zwitterionic surfactant), and were 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.05%. The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, cationic surfactant) inhibited urease production by urease-producing flora. The mineralization products of SDBS, APG, and CAB treatments were all transformed into calcite. The wind resistance test showed that the mass loss of all samples is less than 0.1%. The rain resistance and hardness tests showed that 0.2% SBDS had the best effect, followed by 0.1% APG and 0.05% CAB, and finally, No surfactants. Microbiome analysis showed that the abundance of Sporosarcina and Unclassified_bacillaceae reduced, and the intense competition between Paenalcaligenes and Sporosarcina are essential reasons for reducing urease activity. SDBS and APG could reduce the pathogenic risk of microbial dust suppressants. This study will facilitate the practical application of microbial dust suppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yiyun Yu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
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Hu H, Tang CS, Shen Z, Pan X, Gu K, Fan X, Lv C, Mu W, Shi B. Enhancing lead immobilization by biochar: Creation of "surface barrier" via bio-treatment. Chemosphere 2023; 327:138477. [PMID: 36966928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effectiveness of heavy metal immobilization is always a concern. This study proposes a completely novel approach to enhance the stability of heavy metals by combined biochar and microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology, to create a "surface barrier" of CaCO3 layer on biochar after lead (Pb2+) immobilization. Aqueous sorption studies and chemical and micro-structure tests were used to verify the feasibility. Rice straw biochar (RSB700) was produced at 700 °C, which shows high immobilization capacity of Pb2+ (maximum of 118 mg g-1). But the stable fraction only accounts for 4.8% of the total immobilized Pb2+ on biochar. After MICP treatment, the stable fraction of Pb2+ significantly increased to a maximum of 92.5%. Microstructural tests confirm the formation of CaCO3 layer on biochar. The CaCO3 species are predominantly calcite and vaterite. Higher Ca2+ and urea concentrations in cementation solution resulted in higher CaCO3 yield but lower Ca2+ utilization efficiency. The main mechanism of the "surface barrier" to enhance Pb2+ stability on biochar was likely the encapsulation effect: it physically blocked the contact between acids and Pb2+ on biochar, and chemically buffer the acidic attack from the environment. The performance of the "surface barrier" depends on both the yield of CaCO3 and their distribution uniformity on biochar's surface. This study shed lights on the potential application of the "surface barrier" strategy combining biochar and MICP technologies for enhanced heavy metal immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Hu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao-Sheng Tang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhengtao Shen
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Gu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoliang Fan
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Lv
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Mu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Shi
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Cui Z, Tian S, Liu X, Wang Q, Zeng S, Si J. Electrospinning preparation of TPU/TiO2/PANI fiber membrane with enhanced dye degradation and photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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