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Mussida C, Sciulli D. Poverty, work intensity, and disability: evidence from European countries. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2024:10.1007/s10198-024-01679-x. [PMID: 38530510 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-024-01679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We use 2015-2018 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions longitudinal data for four European countries (the UK, Germany, France, and Italy) and a dynamic trivariate panel data model to analyze the complex relationship between poverty, work intensity, and disability. We find evidence of genuine state dependence in the three processes and feedback effects from past poverty to work intensity in all countries and from past poverty to disability in the UK, Germany, and Italy. Disability is detrimental to poverty, despite the mitigating role played by disability cash benefits. The magnitude of this effect seems to be associated with the average expenditure on social protection benefits and its distribution across functions. We stress the importance of accounting for the extra costs of disability and the key role work intensity plays in the disability-poverty connection. Finally, adopting a joint estimation strategy appears crucial to consistently estimating the relationship between the three processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mussida
- Department of Economic and Social Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Dario Sciulli
- Department of Economic Studies, University of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, 6512, Pescara, Italy.
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Ye L, Kavanagh A, Petrie D, Dickinson H, Aitken Z. Part-time versus full-time employment and mental health for people with and without disability. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101446. [PMID: 37334329 PMCID: PMC10275711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This paper investigates the relationship between part-time and full-time employment and mental health for people with and without disability, as well as differences in the relationship by age and sex. Methods Using data from 13,219 working-aged people (15-64 years) in the labour force who participated in five annual waves of a longitudinal cohort study in Australia, the analysis used fixed effect regression models to examine within-person changes in mental health associated with changes in employment status (full-time; part-time; unemployed). Differences in the relationship between employment status and mental health by disability, sex, and age were assessed. Results Among people with disability, there was evidence that working part-time and full-time were associated with a 4.2-point (95% CI 2.6, 5.7) and 6.0-point (95% CI 4.4, 7.6) increase in mental health scores compared with when they were unemployed. For people without disability, there were much smaller differences in mental health associated with working part-time (β = 1.0, 95% CI 0.2, 1.9) and full-time (β = 1.4, 95% CI 0.5, 2.2) compared with when they were unemployed. The positive effects of both part-time and full-time employment were of greater magnitude for people with disability aged younger than 45 years compared to those aged 45 years and older. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that both part-time and full-time employment may have beneficial effects on the mental health of people with disability, particularly for younger people. The findings underscore the value of employment for people with disability, given we found much larger beneficial mental health effects in comparison to people without disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ye
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne Kavanagh
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis Petrie
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Dickinson
- Public Service Research Group, School of Business, UNSW Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Davillas A, de Oliveira VH, Jones AM. Is inconsistent reporting of self-assessed health persistent and systematic? Evidence from the UKHLS. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 49:101219. [PMID: 36599265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate whether individuals provide consistent responses to self-assessed health (SAH) questions in the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), and the potential implications for empirical research in case of inconsistent reporting behaviour. We capitalise on an opportunity in the UKHLS, asking respondents the same SAH question twice: with a self-completion and an open interview mode, within the same household interview over four waves. We estimate multivariate models to explore which individual characteristics are systematically relevant for the likelihood and frequency of inconsistent reporting. About 11-24% of those reported a particular SAH category in the self-completion reported inconsistently in the open interview. The probability of inconsistency is systematically associated with individual's demographics, education, income, employment status, cognitive and non-cognitive skills. The same characteristics also predict the frequency of inconsistent reporting across four UKHLS waves. Analysis of the implications of reporting inconsistencies shows no impact of SAH measurement on the association between income and health. A set of dimensions of people's physiological and biological health, captured using biomarkers, is associated equally with both SAH measures, suggesting that the interview mode does not play a role in the relationship between SAH and more objective health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew M Jones
- Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, U.K
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Brucker DL. Comparing effects of question set order and location within a survey instrument of two commonly used disability question sets among a U.S. population of adults. Disabil Health J 2022; 16:101424. [PMID: 36610821 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nationally representative household surveys conducted in the United States (U.S.), two distinct sets of questions are commonly used to identify persons with disabilities. The six-question sequence (6QS) measures, in a yes/no fashion, limitations in cognition, hearing, independent living, self-care, vision, and walking. The Washington Group Short Set (WG-SS) captures more nuanced yet similar information, although instead of including a measure of independent living asks about communication. To date, research has not estimated, among the same set of survey respondents, variations in disability prevalence using these two sets of questions nor how prevalence estimates vary by question set order and placement of these questions at the beginning or end of a survey. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The objective was to examine adjusted differences in disability prevalence among three measures of disability based on the 6QS and the WG-SS question sets, controlling for differences in question set order and placement within a survey. METHODS We fielded an Internet survey (N = 13,277) in September 2020 that included these questions, but varied question set order and placement among respondents, using four different versions of the survey. We first tested for bivariate differences by survey design between an "any disability" measure as well as between specific types of limitations using Chi square. Finally, we examined pairwise adjusted differences in prevalence estimates. RESULTS The 6QS provided the most consistent prevalence estimates (26%-28%) (p < .05), regardless of survey design. Estimates varied more widely for the WG-SS measures, ranging from 43 to 60% for WG-SS1 and from 10% to 15% for WG-SS2, among survey versions. CONCLUSIONS Question set order and placement was not associated with differences in prevalence for the 6QS but was associated with differences in estimates from the WG-SS. Further research is needed to understand the possible survey priming effects that might influence estimates from the WG-SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Brucker
- University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability, 10 West Edge Drive, Suite 101, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
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Tan N, Chang L, Guo R, Wu B. The Effect of Health on the Elderly's Labor Supply in Rural China: Simultaneous Equation Models With Binary, Ordered, and Censored Variables. Front Public Health 2022; 10:890374. [PMID: 35910924 PMCID: PMC9326090 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.890374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of health on the elderly's labor supply in rural China based on the data of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1997 to 2006. We used simultaneous equations to address the endogeneity problem of health and estimate the models with censored data of labor supply by the full information maximum likelihood estimation. We found that the failing health does not significantly decrease the elderly's labor supply in rural areas when using both the subjective (self-reported health status) and objective (hypertension diagnosed or not) health indicators. Our finding indicates the phenomenon of “ceaseless toil” for the elderly in rural China, i.e., the elderly almost work their whole life even if they are not physically capable. The results remain robust when using a two-stage limited information maximum likelihood estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tan
- Research Center for International Trade and Economics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chang
- School of Accounting, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center of Cross-Border M & As and Innovation Strategy, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Chang
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Finance, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyi Wu
- School of Finance, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
- Baiyi Wu
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Laditka JN, Laditka SB, Hoyle JN. Identifying Developmental Disability in National Surveys: Addressing the Knowledge Gap with Special Education Histories. Disabil Health J 2022; 15:101324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jajtner KM, Brucker DL, Mitra S. Midlife Work Limitations are Associated with Lower Odds of Survival and Healthy Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:790-802. [PMID: 34791218 PMCID: PMC8974351 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health conditions that limit work are associated with myriad socioeconomic disadvantages and around half of Americans could face a work limitation at some point in their working career. Our study examines the relationship between midlife work limitations and two aging outcomes: longevity and healthy aging. METHODS Using longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and restricted mortality data, multivariate logistic regressions estimate the odds of desirable aging outcomes around age 65 for individuals with various midlife work limitation histories in samples of around 2,000 individuals. RESULTS Midlife work limitations are consistently linked with a lower likelihood of desirable aging outcomes. Temporary limitations are associated with 59% and 69% lower survival and healthy aging odds, respectively. Chronic limitations are associated with approximately 80% lower survival odds and 90% lower healthy aging odds at age 65. DISCUSSION Even temporary work limitations can be highly disadvantageous for aging outcomes, emphasizing the need to understand different work limitation histories. Future research should identify underlying mechanisms linking midlife work limitations and less desirable aging outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Jajtner
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Address correspondence to: Katie M. Jajtner, PhD, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1180 Observatory Dr. Rm. 4408, Madison, WI 53706, USA. E-mail:
| | - Debra L Brucker
- Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sophie Mitra
- Department of Economics, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
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Cinaroglu S. Interaction Between Self-rated Health and Labour Force Participation: A Panel Data Probit Model with Survival Estimates. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634211050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the relationship between health and labour in Turkey under the intervention of demographic variables. Four waves of the TurkStat Income and Living Conditions Panel Survey (2008–2011) were used. Demographic, education, self-rated health and labour force participation indicators were used to examine different generalised linear model (GLM)-like panel binomial probit model specifications using self-assessed health (SAH) status and self-reported working status (SRWS) as dependent variables. Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimates for the probability of survival in SAH and SRWS were examined using the X2 values of the log-rank and Peto–Peto–Prentice tests for equality of survivor functions by study variables. Study results reveal that the hazard of assessing good health and currently working increases for individuals who are married ( p < 0.001), highly educated ( p < 0.001), do not have any chronic disease ( p < 0.001), do not have any health restrictions ( p < 0.001) and occupy high-qualification jobs ( p < 0.001). KM estimates support the panel model results. The present study reveals that demographic, education, self-rated health and labour force participation are the driving forces in the interaction of health and labour dynamics. Reducing income inequality, increasing the minimum wage and improving working conditions, while promoting gender equality, are essentials of better management of health and labour markets.
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Chen L, Clarke PM, Petrie DJ, Staub KE. The effects of self-assessed health: Dealing with and understanding misclassification bias. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 78:102463. [PMID: 34233214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assessed health (SAH) is often used in health econometric models as the key explanatory variable or as a control variable. However, there is evidence questioning its test-retest reliability, with up to 30% of individuals changing their response. Building on recent advances in the econometrics of misclassification, we develop a way to consistently estimate and account for misclassification in reported SAH by using data from a large representative longitudinal survey where SAH was elicited twice. From this we gain new insights into the nature of SAH misclassification and its potential for biasing health econometric estimates. The results from applying our approach to nonlinear models of long-term mortality and chronic morbidities reveal that there is substantial heterogeneity in misclassification patterns. We find that adjusting for misclassification is important for estimating the impact of SAH. For other explanatory variables of interest, we find significant but generally small changes to their estimates when SAH misclassification is ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Chen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Philip M Clarke
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Dennis J Petrie
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, 900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East, Victoria 3145, Australia.
| | - Kevin E Staub
- Department of Economics, 111 Barry Street, The University of Melbourne, 3010 VIC, Australia.
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Keramat SA, Alam K, Sathi NJ, Gow J, Biddle SJ, Al-Hanawi MK. Self-reported disability and its association with obesity and physical activity in Australian adults: Results from a longitudinal study. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100765. [PMID: 33842682 PMCID: PMC8020478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of disability has been previously observed in developed countries. Identifying trends in its prevalence and risk, as well as protective factors of disability, are essential to establish effective prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study are to outline trends in the prevalence of disability among Australian adults and to analyse the relationship between obesity, and physical activity with disability. DESIGN A retrospective longitudinal research design. METHODS The study utilized the most recent 14 waves (wave 6 through 19) of the nationally-representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (2006-2019). The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with the logistic link function model was employed to estimate the relationships between obesity and physical activity with disability. The final study sample consisted of 189,519 person-year observations from 26,208 participants. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of disability in adults is 28%. The prevalence of disability among older adults (65 and above years) is more than 50%, irrespective of gender. Further, it identifies obesity and physical activity as risk and protective factors of disability for adults, respectively. The odds of acquisition of a disability was 1.33 times (Odds Ratios [OR]: 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.28-1.39) higher among obese adults than healthy weight counterparts. However, adults undertaking recommended level of physical activity (more than thrice a week to everyday) per week have 17% (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.81-0.85) lower chances of disability acquisition. CONCLUSIONS Obesity imposes a significant toll on adult Australians' health. This risk factor of disability can be reduced through public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Keramat
- Economics Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | | | - Jeff Gow
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- School of Accounting, Economics, and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Stuart J.H. Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Yin N, Heiland F. Do Disability Policies Shape How People Perceive Work Limitation? An International Perspective. JOURNAL OF DISABILITY POLICY STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10442073211010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the role that cross-country disability policy differences play in shaping individuals’ work limitation reporting styles. We used anchoring vignettes available in comparable U.S. and European survey data to test and adjust for reporting differences in self-reported work limitation measures. We found that disability policy generosity scores showed statistically significant predictive power for respondents’ work limitation classification scales, with the association stronger and more statistically significant at the lower end and the middle of the scale. That is, respondents under more generous disability regimes tended to apply a more inclusive (i.e., lenient) scale in classifying a mild, moderate, or severe work limitation. Because there is no natural interpretation of the magnitude of the correlation, we conducted counterfactual policy simulations to illustrate the strength of the association; for example, if the United States were to adopt more generous disability policies such as those in Sweden, there might be an associated increase of more than 36 percentage points in the proportion of Americans aged 50 years and above reporting work limitation (of any severity). This research contributes to a better understanding of the role of disability policy in reporting heterogeneity in comparative disability research, an area that has been seldom studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Baruch College, The City University of New York, USA
- CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, USA
| | - Frank Heiland
- Baruch College, The City University of New York, USA
- CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, USA
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Hernæs KH, Smeland KB, Fagerli UM, Kiserud CE. Post-treatment work patterns amongst survivors of lymphoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:143. [PMID: 33557789 PMCID: PMC7871541 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes post-treatment work patterns in lymphoma survivors treated with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT). It aims to identify determinants for labour force participation and exclusion after HDT-ASCT. METHODS All survivors treated with HDT-ASCT for lymphoma in Norway between 1995 and 2008, aged ≥18 years at HDT-ASCT and alive at survey in 2012-2013 were eligible. We divide survivors by current employment status (full-time, part-time and unemployed). Main outcomes are current employment status, work hours and work ability. Withdrawals are patients employed when diagnosed but not before HDT-ASCT. RESULTS Of the 274 who completed the survey, 82% (N = 225) were included in the final analyses. Mean age at survey was 52 years, 39% were female, 85% were employed when diagnosed, 77% before HDT-ASCT and 69% at survey. Employment before HDT-ASCT corresponds with a higher probability of employment at survey for a given symptom burden. In the most extensive statistical model, it increases with 37.3 percentage points. Work hours amongst withdrawals plummet after HDT-ASCT while work ability shows a rebound effect. The potential economic gain from their re-enter into the work force equals 70% of the average annual wage in Norway in 2012. CONCLUSIONS For a given symptom burden, staying employed throughout diagnosis and treatment is associated with a higher probability of future employment. These results favour policies for labour force inclusion past diagnosis and treatment increasing cancer survivors' probability of future employment. However, we need more research on withdrawal mechanisms, and on policy measures that promote inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Helene Hernæs
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway. .,Previous affiliation: Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Sogn Arena, Klaus Torgårds vei 3, 3. Floor, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut B Smeland
- National Advisory Unit for Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, PO 4953, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn-Merete Fagerli
- Department of Oncology, St. Olavs hospital HF, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.,Institute for Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Olav kyrres gate 9, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie E Kiserud
- National Advisory Unit for Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, PO 4953, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
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Rose L. Retirement and health: Evidence from England. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2020; 73:102352. [PMID: 32629223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper utilizes census records, inpatient records, comprehensive surveys, and mortality records from England to trace out the effect of reaching retirement age on retirement status and health outcomes. Applying a regression discontinuity design leveraging the pension age, I find that retirement substantially improves well-being and reported health. I find no immediate effect of retirement on behavioral outcomes and no evidence of changes to cognitive ability, utilization, or mortality. While prior literature has considered the effects of retirement on specific outcomes, this paper systematically examines the full range of health-related outcomes with administrative and survey data in a unified context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Rose
- Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement Research and Education Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Health Economics Resource Center, Menlo Park, CA, United States.
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Jajtner KM. Work-Limiting Disability and Intergenerational Economic Mobility. SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY 2020; 101:2001-2016. [PMID: 33223571 PMCID: PMC7676749 DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether work-limiting disability may modify intergenerational economic mobility in the United States. METHODS Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, common metrics of intergenerational mobility are estimated by parent work-limiting disability. These include rank slope coefficients capturing persistence of socioeconomic status and absolute upward economic mobility capturing expected child outcomes. RESULTS Parent-child pairs with work-limiting disability experience five to twelve percentiles lower absolute economic mobility at the 25th percentile of parent income. More severe and/or chronic conditions have larger disparities and higher parent income is associated with smaller disparities. Women may experience larger mobility differences, while non-Hispanic black children may face a higher likelihood of parents experiencing work limitations. CONCLUSIONS Work-limiting disability appears to modify children's economic opportunity. This contributes to the understanding of disparate access to opportunity in the United States while also identifying economic disadvantages associated with disability for subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Jajtner
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin - Madison
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Jajtner KM, Mitra S, Fountain C, Nichols A. Rising Income Inequality Through a Disability Lens: Trends in the United States 1981-2018. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2020; 151:81-114. [PMID: 33281271 PMCID: PMC7710004 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a context of rising income inequality and policies to improve rights and inclusion for persons with disabilities, this paper examines income inequality trends by household work limitation status in the United States from 1981-2018. METHODS Data comes from the March Supplement of the Current Population Survey using the work limitation disability measure to estimate decomposable Generalized Entropy measures of income inequality, and progressivity of government transfers and disability payments. RESULTS Over the 1981-2018 period, inequality within the group of households with work limitations has been around 30 percent higher than inequality within the group of households without work limitations. Both households with and without work limitations have seen a similar 70 percent rise in income inequality since 1981. Progressivity of government transfers and disability payments increased among households with limitations, but not among other households. CONCLUSIONS Income inequality is higher within the group of households with work limitations compared to other households and has been rising for both groups. Policies aimed to enhance the economic and social participation of persons with disabilities over this period may have mitigated this rising trend. Disability considerations should be part of research and policy on income inequality.
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Keramat SA, Alam K, Gow J, Biddle SJH. Gender differences in the longitudinal association between obesity, and disability with workplace absenteeism in the Australian working population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233512. [PMID: 32459804 PMCID: PMC7252611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excess weight can increase absenteeism of workers and can have a negative influence on their productivity. Current evidence on this association is mostly based on cross-sectional data and there is little evidence concerning the longitudinal relationship between obesity, and disability with workplace absenteeism. Further, gender differences in this association have often ignored in the existing literature. Objectives This study aims to examine gender differences in the longitudinal association between obesity, and disability with absenteeism in the workplace. Methods Data from thirteen waves (2006 to 2018) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey were pooled, resulting in 117,769 observations for 19,851 adult employees. The Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression model was deployed to investigate the links between obesity, and disability with workplace absenteeism for the total sample and stratified by gender. Results The findings showed that overweight (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.47), obesity (IRR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12–1.64) and disability (IRR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.36–3.38) were associated with prolonged workplace absenteeism irrespective of gender. This study found that the multiplicative interaction between weight status and gender is significantly associated with absenteeism. The results reveal that the rate of absenteeism was 2.79 times (IRR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.96–3.97) and 1.73 times (IRR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.20–2.48) higher among overweight and obese women than male counterparts, respectively. Moreover, this study found that the weight status of male workers is not associated with absenteeism. However, disability (IRR: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.43–4.05) is positively associated with longer days of absence among male workers. Finally, the study results showed that the rate of absenteeism is 1.82 (IRR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.36–2.44), 1.61 (IRR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21–2.13), and 2.63 (IRR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.99–3.48) times higher among overweight, obese, and female workers with a disability, respectively, compared with their lower weight counterparts. Conclusions Workplace absenteeism is significantly associated with overweight and obesity among Australian workers. An active workplace health promotion program is very important for weight management of overweight and obese workers and thus to reduce workplace absenteeism. For example, employers may provide incentives for maintaining recommended body weights, encourage exercise, and promote healthy diets amongst their workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Keramat
- Economics Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- School of Accounting, Economics, and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Stuart J. H. Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Berardi A, Smith EM, Miller WC. Assistive technology use and unmet need in Canada. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2020; 16:851-856. [PMID: 32207634 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1741703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around the world, variations and inequities in access to assistive technology (AT) are evident. Development of legislation, policies, and programmes has not kept pace with the increasing demand for AT. Therefore, context-specific needs assessment is required, which can assist in anticipating the accessibility and human support needs of individuals with impairments, and in turn, inform resource allocation and prioritisation of services. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the current use and unmet needs of AT use in community-dwelling Canadians experiencing activity limitation or participation restriction (disability). DATA AND METHODS Bootstrapping was used to estimate the prevalence of AT use and unmet needs using data from the 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD). The total sample size for the CSD was 45,443 individuals. RESULTS Among the estimated 3,775,920 Canadians with a disability (13.7% of the Canadian population), 3,579,580 used some form of AT. Among these individuals, 3,050,750 use glasses or contact lenses and 1,109,060 use bathroom aids. The results of the study showed that the most common unmet need was for hearing aids (0.86% of the total population), followed by bathroom aids (0.36%). INTERPRETATIONS This study comes at a time when global attention is focussed on research on access to AT. This study using data from the CSD will serve disability and social policy analysts at all levels of government, as well as associations for persons with disabilities and researchers working in the field of disability policy and programmes.Implication for RehabilitationThe current initiatives on assistive technology, including the World Health Organization's Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE) project, recognize the substantial gap between the need for and provision of assistive devices. In Canada, for example, as well as in other countries, despite rapid growth in innovation, unmet needs for assistive devices persist and multiple barriers have been reported by individuals in accessing needed assistive devices. A better understanding of the met and unmet needs of assistive technology users can assist in anticipating accessibility and human support needs of individuals with disabilities, and in turn, inform resource allocation and prioritization of services. • The study estimates the prevalence of assistive device use in community dwelling Canadians and describes the unmet needs for assistive devices of Canadians with activity limitation (disability).• This study provides evidence on the use and unmet assistive technology needs for disability and social policy analysts at all levels of government, as well as associations for persons with disabilities and researchers working in the field of disability policy and programmes.• The results of this study can be used for planning and evaluating services, programmes and policies for Canadian adults with disabilities to help enable their full participation in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berardi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma M Smith
- Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William C Miller
- Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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18
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Gibson G, Clair L. O brother how art thou: Propensity to report self-assessed unmet need. Soc Sci Med 2019; 243:112632. [PMID: 31683115 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research investigating self-assessed unmet need (SUN) has taken the reports from surveys as given and subsequently attempted to discover patterns in inequality of access to healthcare. This requires the yet untested assumption that, given a certain level of care and demand, the likelihood of reporting unmet need does not vary across socioeconomic/demographic status (SEDS), be satisfied. Using an administrative dataset spanning 2001 to 2011 comprised of sufferers of a set of conditions that suggest unmet need (n = 3300) we evaluate the proposition that, given health status and care received, the propensity to report unmet need does not vary along SEDS. The results are further validated using the Canadian Community Health Surveys between 2001 and 2013 (n = 237,483). We find that the assumption of independence between reporting SUN and SEDS is not satisfied. Many of the groups found to have less access in previous studies may simply be more prone to interpret/answer the survey questions about unmet need in a certain way. The results of this research suggest that, in its present incarnation, survey data on self-assessed unmet need does not accurately measure what much of the academic literature has assumed it does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Gibson
- McMaster University Department of Economics, Wilson Hall rm. 3024, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Luc Clair
- University of Winnipeg, Department of Economics - University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada.
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Jonsson F, Sebastian MS, Hammarström A, Gustafsson PE. Are neighbourhood inequalities in adult health explained by socio-economic and psychosocial determinants in adolescence and the subsequent life course in northern Sweden? A decomposition analysis. Health Place 2018; 52:127-134. [PMID: 29886129 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study explains neighbourhood deprivation inequalities in adult health for a northern Swedish cohort by examining the contribution of socio-economic and psychosocial determinants from adolescence (age 16), young adulthood (age 21) and midlife (age 42) to the disparity. Self-reported information from 873 participants was drawn from questionnaires, with complementary neighbourhood register data. The concentration index was used to estimate the inequality while decomposition analyses were run to attribute the disparity to its underlying determinants. The results suggest that socio-economic and psychosocial factors in midlife explain a substantial part, but also that the inequality can originate from conditions in adolescence and young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Jonsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Miguel San Sebastian
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Per E Gustafsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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