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Jiang J, Hu Y, Fang D, Luo J. Glutamine synthetase and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102248. [PMID: 37979911 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that converts ammonia and glutamate to glutamine using adenosine triphosphate. GS is expressed in the brain, kidney, and liver tissues under normal physiological conditions. GS is involved in abnormal lipid metabolism of the liver by catalyzing de novo synthesis of glutamine, thereby inducing liver inflammation. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), such as Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Associated Steato Hepatitis, are considered risk factors for HCC. GS may also be involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through other signaling pathways, including the rapamycin (mTOR) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Furthermore, the correct combination of HSP70, GPC3, and GS can improve the accuracy and precision of HCC diagnosis. However, the prognostic value of GS in different HCC populations remains controversial. The expression of GS affects the sensitivity of HCC cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, immunotherapy has been approved for the treatment of advanced HCC. This article delves into the development and application of GS in HCC, laying a theoretical foundation for the subsequent exploration of GS as a potential target for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Yiting Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dazhang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - JianSheng Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China.
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2
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Bivacqua R, Barreca M, Spanò V, Raimondi MV, Romeo I, Alcaro S, Andrei G, Barraja P, Montalbano A. Insight into non-nucleoside triazole-based systems as viral polymerases inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115136. [PMID: 36708678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have been recognized as the etiological agents responsible for many pathological conditions ranging from asymptomatic infections to serious diseases, even leading to death. For this reason, many efforts have been made to identify selective viral targets with the aim of developing efficient therapeutic strategies, devoid of drug-resistance issues. Considering their crucial role in the viral life cycle, polymerases are very attractive targets. Among the classes of compounds explored as viral polymerases inhibitors, here we present an overview of non-nucleoside triazole-based compounds identified in the last fifteen years. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the different chemical entities are described in order to highlight the key chemical features required for the development of effective antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bivacqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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3
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Comert Onder F, Siyah P, Durdagi S, Ay M, Ozpolat B. Novel etodolac derivatives as eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) inhibitors for targeted cancer therapy. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:840-849. [PMID: 35923718 PMCID: PMC9298183 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00105e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) has been shown to be an important molecular driver of tumorigenesis and validated as a potential novel molecular target in various solid cancers including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, there has been significant interest in identifying novel inhibitors of eEF2K for the development of targeted therapeutics and clinical translation. Herein, we investigated the effects of indole ring containing derivatives of etodolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug, as potential eEF2K inhibitors and we designed and synthesized seven novel compounds with a pyrano[3,4-b] indole core structure. We evaluated the eEF2K inhibitory activity of seven of these novel compounds using in silico molecular modeling and in vitro studies in TNBC cell lines. We identified two novel compounds (EC1 and EC7) with significant in vitro activity in inhibiting eEF2K in TNBC cells. In conclusion, our studies indicate that pyrano[3,4-b] indole scaffold containing compounds demonstrate marked eEF2K inhibitory activity and they may be used as eEF2K inhibitors for the development of eEF2K-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Comert Onder
- Department of Medical Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422 Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science and Arts 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Pinar Siyah
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University 34734 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University 34734 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ay
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science and Arts 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422 Houston TX 77030 USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
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4
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Roberts JS, Ma C, Robertson SYT, Kang S, Han CS, Deng SX, Zheng JJ. R-etodolac is a more potent Wnt signaling inhibitor than enantiomer, S-etodolac. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101231. [PMID: 35243012 PMCID: PMC8861132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Etodolac is an FDA-approved nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases. The drug is administered as a racemate (50/50 mixture of R- and S- enantiomers), however, studies have shown that the two enantiomers have distinct biologic and pharmacokinetic differences. Wnt signaling, which plays key roles in cell proliferation, polarity, and differentiation, has been shown to be inhibited by R-etodolac; however, comparative analyses of R- and S-etodolac in this function have not been conducted. We used in silico molecular docking and TOPflash functional biologic assays to compare R- and S-enantiomers effect on Wnt signaling inhibition. Further, we used a cultivated limbal stem epithelial cell (cLSCs) model to investigate enantiospecific changes in the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of cLSCs. The data shows that R-etodolac is a more potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling. In addition, consistently, while both enantiomers demonstrate a dose-dependent decrease in CFE of cLSCs, R-etodolac is a more potent inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn S Roberts
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Y T Robertson
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Stephen Kang
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Christiana S Han
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jie J Zheng
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Al Refaey HR, Newairy ASA, Wahby MM, Albanese C, Elkewedi M, Choudhry MU, Sultan AS. Manuka honey enhanced sensitivity of HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, for Doxorubicin and induced apoptosis through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin and ERK1/2. Biol Res 2021; 54:16. [PMID: 34049576 PMCID: PMC8161992 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, there is increasing awareness focused on the identification of naturally occurring anticancer agents derived from natural products. Manuka honey (MH) has been recognized for its biological properties as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its antiproliferative mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma is not investigated. The current study focused mainly on investigating the molecular mechanism and synergistic effect of anticancer properties of MH on Doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated apoptotic cell death, using two different p53 statuses (HepG2 and Hep3B) and one non-tumorigenic immortalized liver cell line. Results MH treatment showed a proliferative inhibitory effect on tested cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 concentration of (6.92 ± 0.005%) and (18.62 ± 0.07%) for HepG2 and Hep3B cells, respectively, and induced dramatic morphological changes of Hep-G2 cells, which considered as characteristics feature of apoptosis induction after 48 h of treatment. Our results showed that MH or combined treatments induced higher cytotoxicity in p53-wild type, HepG2, than in p53-null, Hep3B, cells. Cytotoxicity was not observed in normal liver cells. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of MH and Dox on apoptosis was evidenced by increased annexin-V-positive cells and Sub-G1 cells in both tested cell lines with a significant increase in the percentage of Hep-G2 cells at late apoptosis as confirmed by the flow cytometric analysis. Consistently, the proteolytic activities of caspase-3 and the degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were also higher in the combined treatment which in turn accompanied by significant inhibitory effects of pERK1/2, mTOR, S6K, oncogenic β-catenin, and cyclin D1 after 48 h. In contrast, the MH or combined treatment-induced apoptosis was accompanied by significantly upregulated expression of proapoptotic Bax protein and downregulated expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein after 48 h. Conclusions Our data showed a synergistic inhibitory effect of MH on DOX-mediated apoptotic cell death in HCC cells. To our knowledge, the present study provides the first report on the anticancer activity of MH and its combined treatment with DOX on HCC cell lines, introducing MH as a promising natural and nontoxic anticancer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba R Al Refaey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Al-Sayeda A Newairy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mayssaa M Wahby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Chris Albanese
- Oncology and Radiology Departments, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mohamed Elkewedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Umer Choudhry
- Oncology Department, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ahmed S Sultan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. .,Oncology Department, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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6
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Inhibition of the Wnt Signalling Pathway: An Avenue to Control Breast Cancer Aggressiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239069. [PMID: 33260642 PMCID: PMC7730964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumour in women. Although the introduction of novel therapeutic approaches in clinical practice has dramatically improved the clinical outcome of BC patients, this malignant disease remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The wingless/integrated (Wnt) signalling pathway represents a crucial molecular node relevantly implicated in the regulation of normal somatic stem cells as well as cancer stem cell (CSC) traits and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition cell program. Accordingly, Wnt signalling is heavily dysregulated in BC, and the altered expression of different Wnt genes is significantly associated with cancer-related aggressive behaviours. For all these reasons, Wnt signalling represents a promising therapeutic target currently under clinical investigation to achieve cancer eradication by eliminating CSCs, considered by most to be responsible for tumour initiation, relapse, and drug resistance. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the Wnt signalling pathway in BC and have presented evidence implicating the suitability of Wnt targeting in an attempt to improve the outcome of patients without affecting the normal somatic stem cell population.
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7
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Medina PM, Ponce JM, Cruz CA. Revealing the anticancer potential of candidate drugs in vivo using Caenorhabditis elegans mutant strains. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100940. [PMID: 33221682 PMCID: PMC7689339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Wnt, Notch, and Ras-ERK signaling pathways in C. elegans lead to infertility, sterility, and multivulva formation. Phenotypic assays using C. elegans mutant strains can be used as in vivo models for drug repurposing. Itraconazole, disulfiram, etodolac, and ouabain have anticancer potential that can specifically target the Wnt, Notch, and RAS-ERK signaling pathways.
Drug repurposing is used as a strategy for finding new drugs for cancer. The process is a faster and a more cost-effective way of providing new indications for drugs that can address emerging drug resistance and numerous side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, the in vivo anticancer potential of itraconazole, disulfiram, etodolac, and ouabain were assessed using five different C. elegans mutant strains. Each strain contains mutations in genes involved in different signaling pathways such as Wnt (JK3476), Notch (JK1107 and BS3164), and Ras-ERK (SD939 and MT2124) that result to phenotypes of sterility, infertility, and multivulva formation. These same signaling pathways have been shown to be defective in several human cancer types. The four candidate drugs were tested on the C. elegans mutant strains to determine if they rescue the mutant phenotypes. Both ouabain and etodolac significantly reduced the sterile and infertile phenotypes of JK3476, JK1107, BS3164, and SD939 strains (p=0.0010). Finally, itraconazole and etodolac significantly reduced multivulva formation (p=0.0021). The degrees of significant phenotypic rescues of each mutant were significantly higher than vehicle only (1% DMSO). Therefore, this study demonstrated that the four candidate drugs have anticancer potential in vivo, and etodolac had the highest anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mark Medina
- Biological Models Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Metro Manila 1000, Philippines.
| | - Jozelle Marie Ponce
- Biological Models Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Metro Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Christian Alfredo Cruz
- Biological Models Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Metro Manila 1000, Philippines
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Liu Q, Yu X, Yang M, Li X, Zhai X, Lian Y, Chen Z, Fan Q, Song L, Li W. A study of the mechanism of lncRNA-CR594175 in regulating proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:55. [PMID: 32983253 PMCID: PMC7510120 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the cancers of highest incidence and mortality worldwide. The proliferation and invasion of tumor cells are the main reason for poor prognosis after HCC surgery. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been shown to play a key role in the progression of HCC. LncRNA-CR594175 is one of the highly expressed lncRNAs in HCC tumors and their metastatic tumors that we have obtained by the High-throughput screening method. Methods To elucidate the role of lncRNA-CR594175 in regulating the proliferation and invasion of human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, we operated through lncRNA-CR594175 silencing to inhibit the progression of HCC, either through in vitro or in vivo experiments. Results We found that lncRNA-CR594175 was lower in adjacent non-cancerous tissues than in primary HCC, and was lower in primary HCC than in its metastasis. Silencing of lncRNA-CR594175 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells and growth of subcutaneous tumors. The results revealed that lncRNA-CR594175, as a RNA sponge, broke the negative regulation of hsa-miR-142-3p on Catenin, beta-1 (CTNNB1), and once lncRNA-CR594175 was silenced, the hsa-miR142-3p regained its negative regulation on CTNNB1 which can promote HCC progression by activating the wnt pathway. Conclusions Our present study demonstrated for the first time that lncRNA-CR594175 silencing suppressed proliferation and invasion of HCC cells in vivo and in vitro by restoring the negative regulation of hsa-miR-142-3p on CTNNB1, laying a solid theoretical base for using lncRNA-CR594175 as genetic target therapy for HCC and offering a reasonable explanation for inactivation of miRNA in different tumors or in the tumor at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xuxu Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Minjie Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xiangke Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xuejia Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yujin Lian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lijie Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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Pérez-Plasencia C, López-Urrutia E, García-Castillo V, Trujano-Camacho S, López-Camarillo C, Campos-Parra AD. Interplay Between Autophagy and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Cancer: Therapeutic Potential Through Drug Repositioning. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1037. [PMID: 33014767 PMCID: PMC7461967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread dysregulation that characterizes cancer cells has been dissected and many regulation pathways common to multiple cancer types have been described in depth. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and autophagy are among these principal pathways, which contribute to tumor growth and resistance to anticancer therapies. Currently, several therapeutic strategies that target either Wnt/β-catenin signaling or autophagy are in various stages of development. Targeted therapies that block specific elements that participate in both pathways; are subject to in vitro studies as well as pre-clinical and early clinical trials. Strikingly, drugs designed for other diseases also impact these pathways, which is relevant since they are already FDA-approved and sometimes even routinely used in the clinic. The main focus of this mini-review is to highlight the importance of drug repositioning to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin and autophagy pathways, with an emphasis on the interplay between them. The data we found strongly suggested that this field is worth further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo López-Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Samuel Trujano-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma D Campos-Parra
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Jin Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Guo G, Yu S, An R. Oxymatrine Inhibits Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression by Suppressing β-Catenin Expression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:808. [PMID: 32581789 PMCID: PMC7289957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Oxymatrine (OMT) has been identified to possess immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. This study aimed to investigate its precise function and the underlying molecular mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma progression. Methods The antineoplastic effect of oxymatrine was investigated by CCK-8 assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, wound healing experiment, transwell assay, and drug-sensitivity analysis in renal cancer cells following oxymatrine treatment. The modulation of oxymatrine on β-catenin was analyzed through western blot and immunofluorescence assay. β-catenin overexpression was employed to determine the key role of β-catenin in oxymatrine-inhibited renal cell carcinoma in vitro. In addition, animal model was established to investigate the effect of oxymatrine on tumor growth in vivo. Results Oxymatrine inhibited renal cell carcinoma progression in vitro, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and chemotherapy sensitivity. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that oxymatrine exerted its antineoplastic effect through suppressing the expression of β-catenin. Moreover, in nude mice model, oxymatrine exhibited remarkable inhibition of tumor growth, which was consistent with our in vitro results. Conclusions Our findings illuminate oxymatrine as an effective antitumor agent in renal cell carcinoma, and suggest it a promising therapeutic application in renal cell carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiying Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiliang Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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11
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Dysregulation of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 467:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Depa N, Erothu H. One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 3‐Aminoalkyl Indoles Catalyzed by Molecular Iodine. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navaneetha Depa
- Department of ChemistryKoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram Guntur-522 502 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Harikrishna Erothu
- Centre for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES)Department of ChemistryKoneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram Guntur-522 502 Andhra Pradesh India
- Department of ChemistryKoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram Guntur-522 502 Andhra Pradesh India
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13
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Ng L, Chow AKM, Man JHW, Yau TCC, Wan TMH, Iyer DN, Kwan VHT, Poon RTP, Pang RWC, Law WL. Suppression of Slit3 induces tumor proliferation and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through activation of GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:621. [PMID: 29859044 PMCID: PMC5984734 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is essential to understand the mechanisms responsible for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and chemoresistance in order to identify prognostic biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic avenues. Recent findings have shown that SLIT3 appears to function as a novel tumor suppressor gene in various types of cancers, yet its clinical correlation and role in HCC has not been understood clearly. Methods We determined the transcript levels of Slit3 in tumor and adjacent normal tissues within two cohorts (N = 40 and 25) of HCC patients, and correlated the gene expression with the clinicopathological data. Subsequently, the functional effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of Slit3 overexpression and/or repression were studied using cell-line and mouse models. Results Our results demonstrated a repression in Slit3 expression in nearly 50% of the HCC patients, while the overall expression of Slit3 inversely correlated with the size of the tumor in both cohorts of patients. Stable down-regulation of Slit3 in HCC cell-lines induced cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, while stable Slit3 overexpression repressed these effects. Molecular investigations showed that the stable Slit3 repression-induced cell proliferation was associated with a higher expression of β-catenin and a repressed GSK3β activity. Moreover, Slit3-repression induced chemoresistance to sorafenib, oxaliplatin and 5-FU through impairment of β-catenin degradation and induction of cyclin D3 and survivin levels. The effects induced by stable Slit3-repression were diminished by transient repression of β-catenin by siRNA approach. Conclusion This study suggests that Slit3 acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC by repressing the tumor growth and thus tumor progression. Low Slit3 level indicates a poor response of HCC cells to chemotherapy. Restoration or overexpression of Slit3 is a potential therapeutic approach to repress the tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4326-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ariel K M Chow
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Johnny H W Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas C C Yau
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy M H Wan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Deepak N Iyer
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Virginia H T Kwan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ronnie T P Poon
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Roberta W C Pang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Wai-Lun Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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14
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Ma K, Fan Y, Dong X, Dong D, Guo Y, Wei X, Ning J, Geng Q, Wang C, Hu Y, Li M, Niu W, Li E, Wu Y. MTA1 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:38825-38840. [PMID: 28418915 PMCID: PMC5503575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the role of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells using a normal lung epithelium cell line, three NSCLC cell lines, a mouse NSCLC model, and 56 clinical NSCLC samples. We observed that MTA1 overexpression decreased cellular adhesion, promoted migration and invasion, and changed cytoskeletal polarity. MTA1 knockdown had the opposite effects. MTA1 overexpression decreased E-cadherin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1 levels and increased Vimentin expression in vitro and in vivo, through activation of AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling. However, treatment with the AKT inhibitor MK2206 did not completely rescue effects associated with MTA1 expression changes, indicating that pathways other than the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway could be involved in MTA1-induced EMT. Compared with normal lung tissues, MTA1 expression was elevated in NSCLC patient tissues and was correlated with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, T stage, lymphatic metastasis, and patient overall survival. Additionally, MTA1 expression was positively associated with p-AKT and cytoplasmic β-catenin levels. These findings indicate MTA1 promotes NSCLC cell EMT and metastasis via AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, which suggests MTA1 may be an effective anti-NSCLC therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/genetics
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Trans-Activators
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yangwei Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuyuan Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- Department of Medical Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an Third Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chuying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wenxia Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yinying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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15
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Mishra CB, Mongre RK, Kumari S, Jeong DK, Tiwari M. Novel Triazole-Piperazine Hybrid Molecules Induce Apoptosis via Activation of the Mitochondrial Pathway and Exhibit Antitumor Efficacy in Osteosarcoma Xenograft Nude Mice Model. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:753-768. [PMID: 28084722 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria impart a crucial role in the regulation of programmed cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, besides serving as a primary energy source. Mitochondria appeared as an important target for the therapy of cancer due to their significant contribution to cell survival and death. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of triazole-piperazine hybrids as potent anticancer agents. MCS-5 emerged as an excellent anticancer agent which showed better anticancer activity than the standard drug doxorubicin in in vitro and in vivo studies. MCS-5 displayed an IC50 value of 1.92 μM and induced apoptosis in Cal72 (human osteosarcoma cell line) cells by targeting the mitochondrial pathway. This compound arrested the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induced ROS production and mitochondrial potential collapse in Cal72 cells. MCS-5 displayed excellent anticancer activity in the Cal72 xenograft nude mice model, where it significantly reduced tumor progression, leading to enhanced life span in treated animals compared to control and doxorubicin treated animals without exerting noticeable toxicity. In addition, a 2DG optical probe guided study clearly evoked that MCS-5 remarkably reduced tumor metastasis in the Cal72 xenograft nude mice model. These results indicate that MCS-5 appeared as a novel chemical entity which is endowed with excellent in vitro as well as in vivo anticancer activity and may contribute significantly to the management of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Raj Kumar Mongre
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Haribabu J, Jeyalakshmi K, Arun Y, Bhuvanesh NSP, Perumal PT, Karvembu R. Synthesis of Ni(II) complexes bearing indole-based thiosemicarbazone ligands for interaction with biomolecules and some biological applications. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 22:461-480. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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A Second WNT for Old Drugs: Drug Repositioning against WNT-Dependent Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8070066. [PMID: 27429001 PMCID: PMC4963808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8070066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant WNT signaling underlies cancerous transformation and growth in many tissues, such as the colon, breast, liver, and others. Downregulation of the WNT pathway is a desired mode of development of targeted therapies against these cancers. Despite the urgent need, no WNT signaling-directed drugs currently exist, and only very few candidates have reached early phase clinical trials. Among different strategies to develop WNT-targeting anti-cancer therapies, repositioning of existing drugs previously approved for other diseases is a promising approach. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, the anti-leprotic clofazimine, and the anti-trypanosomal suramin are among examples of drugs having recently revealed WNT-targeting activities. In total, 16 human-use drug compounds have been found to be working through the WNT pathway and show promise for their prospective repositioning against various cancers. Advances, hurdles, and prospects of developing these molecules as potential drugs against WNT-dependent cancers, as well as approaches for discovering new ones for repositioning, are the foci of the current review.
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18
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Çıkla-Süzgün P, Kaushik-Basu N, Basu A, Arora P, Talele TT, Durmaz I, Çetin-Atalay R, Küçükgüzel Ş. Anti-cancer and anti-hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase activity of etodolac 1,2,4-triazoles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30:778-85. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.971780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Çıkla-Süzgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey,
| | - Neerja Kaushik-Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, NJ, USA,
| | - Amartya Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, NJ, USA,
| | - Payal Arora
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, NJ, USA,
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA, and
| | - Irem Durmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rengül Çetin-Atalay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ş.Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey,
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19
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Hempel M, Schmitz A, Winkler S, Kucukoglu O, Brückner S, Niessen C, Christ B. Pathological implications of cadherin zonation in mouse liver. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2599-612. [PMID: 25687506 PMCID: PMC11113307 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both acute and chronic liver diseases are associated with ample re-modeling of the liver parenchyma leading to functional impairment, which is thus obviously the cause or the consequence of the disruption of the epithelial integrity. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to investigate the distribution of the adherens junction components E- and N-cadherin, which are important determinants of tissue cohesion. E-cadherin was expressed in periportal but not in perivenous hepatocytes. In contrast, N-cadherin was more enriched towards the perivenous hepatocytes. In agreement, β-catenin, which links both cadherins via α-catenin to the actin cytoskeleton, was expressed ubiquitously. This zonal expression of cadherins was preserved in acute liver injury after treatment with acetaminophen or partial hepatectomy, but disrupted in chronic liver damage like in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Hepatocyte proliferation during acetaminophen-induced liver damage was predominant at the boundary between the damaged perivenous and the intact periportal parenchyma indicating a minor contribution of periportal hepatocytes to liver regeneration. In NASH livers, an oval cell reaction was observed pointing to massive tissue damage coinciding with the gross impairment of hepatocyte proliferation. In the liver parenchyma, metabolic functions are distributed heterogeneously. For example, the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and E-cadherin overlapped in periportal hepatocytes. Thus, during liver regeneration after acute damage, the intact periportal parenchyma might sustain essential metabolic support like glucose supply or ammonia detoxification. However, disruption of epithelial integrity during chronic challenges may increase susceptibility to metabolic liver diseases such as NASH or vice versa. This might suggest the regulatory integration of tissue cohesion and metabolic functions in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Hempel
- Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annika Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Winkler
- Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ozlem Kucukoglu
- Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Brückner
- Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carien Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruno Christ
- Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Novel cancer chemotherapy hits by molecular topology: dual Akt and Beta-catenin inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124244. [PMID: 25910265 PMCID: PMC4409212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Colorectal and prostate cancers are two of the most common types and cause of a high rate of deaths worldwide. Therefore, any strategy to stop or at least slacken the development and progression of malignant cells is an important therapeutic choice. The aim of the present work is the identification of novel cancer chemotherapy agents. Nowadays, many different drug discovery approaches are available, but this paper focuses on Molecular Topology, which has already demonstrated its extraordinary efficacy in this field, particularly in the identification of new hit and lead compounds against cancer. This methodology uses the graph theoretical formalism to numerically characterize molecular structures through the so called topological indices. Once obtained a specific framework, it allows the construction of complex mathematical models that can be used to predict physical, chemical or biological properties of compounds. In addition, Molecular Topology is highly efficient in selecting and designing new hit and lead drugs. According to the aforementioned, Molecular Topology has been applied here for the construction of specific Akt/mTOR and β-catenin inhibition mathematical models in order to identify and select novel antitumor agents. Experimental Approach Based on the results obtained by the selected mathematical models, six novel potential inhibitors of the Akt/mTOR and β-catenin pathways were identified. These compounds were then tested in vitro to confirm their biological activity. Conclusion and Implications Five of the selected compounds, CAS n° 256378-54-8 (Inhibitor n°1), 663203-38-1 (Inhibitor n°2), 247079-73-8 (Inhibitor n°3), 689769-86-6 (Inhibitor n°4) and 431925-096 (Inhibitor n°6) gave positive responses and resulted to be active for Akt/mTOR and/or β-catenin inhibition. This study confirms once again the Molecular Topology’s reliability and efficacy to find out novel drugs in the field of cancer.
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21
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Complete response of Ctnnb1-mutated tumours to β-catenin suppression by locked nucleic acid antisense in a mouse hepatocarcinogenesis model. J Hepatol 2015; 62:380-7. [PMID: 25457204 PMCID: PMC4300253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) remains a disease of poor prognosis, highlighting the relevance of elucidating key molecular aberrations that may be targeted for novel therapies. Wnt signalling activation, chiefly due to mutations in CTNNB1, have been identified in a major subset of HCC patients. While several in vitro proof of concept studies show the relevance of suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signalling in HCC cells or tumour xenograft models, no study has addressed the impact of β-catenin inhibition in a relevant murine HCC model driven by Ctnnb1 mutations. METHODS We studied the in vivo impact of β-catenin suppression by locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense treatment, after establishing Ctnnb1 mutation-driven HCC by diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital (DEN/PB) administration. RESULTS The efficacy of LNA directed against β-catenin vs. scrambled on Wnt signalling was demonstrated in vitro in HCC cells and in vivo in normal mice. The DEN/PB model leads to HCC with Ctnnb1 mutations. A complete therapeutic response in the form of abrogation of HCC was observed after ten treatments of tumour-bearing mice with β-catenin LNA every 48h as compared to the scrambled control. A decrease in β-catenin activity, cell proliferation and increased cell death was evident after β-catenin suppression. No effect of β-catenin suppression was evident in non-Ctnnb1 mutated HCC, observed after DEN-only administration. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we provide the in vivo proof of concept that β-catenin suppression in HCC will be of significant therapeutic benefit, provided the tumours display Wnt activation via mechanisms like CTNNB1 mutations.
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22
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Küçükgüzel ŞG, Çıkla-Süzgün P. Recent advances bioactive 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:830-70. [PMID: 25563511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Triazoles are heterocyclic compounds which have a five-membered ring of two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms. These structures have been interest in the development of novel compounds with anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-parasitic, anti-urease and other activities. Therefore, many researchers have synthesized these compounds as target structures and evaluated their biological activities. This review contains various pharmacological activities of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones in one place and it is also the milestone for the new research towards this moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Haydapaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pelin Çıkla-Süzgün
- Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Haydapaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey
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23
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Glutamine depletion by crisantaspase hinders the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1159-67. [PMID: 25072259 PMCID: PMC4453854 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A subset of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) exhibit mutations of β-catenin gene CTNNB1 and overexpress Glutamine synthetase (GS). The CTNNB1-mutated HCC cell line HepG2 is sensitive to glutamine starvation induced in vitro with the antileukemic drug Crisantaspase and the GS inhibitor methionine-L-sulfoximine (MSO). Methods: Immunodeficient mice with subcutaneous xenografts of the CTNNB1-mutated HCC cell lines HepG2 and HC-AFW1 were treated with Crisantaspase and/or MSO, and tumour growth was monitored. At the end of treatment, tumour weight and histology were assessed. Serum and tissue amino acids were determined by HPLC. Gene and protein expression were estimated with RT-PCR and western blot and GS activity with a colorimetric method. mTOR activity was evaluated from the phosphorylation of p70S6K1. Results: Crisantaspase and MSO depleted serum glutamine, lowered glutamine in liver and tumour tissue, and inhibited liver GS activity. HepG2 tumour growth was significantly reduced by either Crisantaspase or MSO, and completely suppressed by the combined treatment. The combined treatment was also effective against xenografts of the HC-AFW1 cell line, which is Crisantaspase resistant in vitro. Conclusions: The combination of Crisantaspase and MSO reduces glutamine supply to CTNNB1-mutated HCC xenografts and hinders their growth.
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24
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Delgado ER, Yang J, So J, Leimgruber S, Kahn M, Ishitani T, Shin D, Mustata Wilson G, Monga SP. Identification and characterization of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of β-catenin signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2111-22. [PMID: 24819961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, lacks effective medical therapy. Large subsets of HCC demonstrate Wnt/β-catenin activation, making this an attractive therapeutic target. We report strategy and characterization of a novel small-molecule inhibitor, ICG-001, known to affect Wnt signaling by disrupting β-catenin-CREB binding protein interactions. We queried the ZINC online database for structural similarity to ICG-001 and identified PMED-1 as the lead compound, with ≥70% similarity to ICG-001. PMED-1 significantly reduced β-catenin activity in hepatoblastoma and several HCC cells, as determined by TOPflash reporter assay, with an IC50 ranging from 4.87 to 32 μmol/L. Although no toxicity was observed in primary human hepatocytes, PMED-1 inhibited Wnt target expression in HCC cells, including those with CTNNB1 mutations, and impaired cell proliferation and viability. PMED-1 treatment decreased β-catenin-CREB binding protein interactions without affecting total β-catenin levels or activity of other common kinases. PMED-1 treatment of Tg(OTM:d2EGFP) zebrafish expressing GFP under the β-catenin/Tcf reporter led to a notable decrease in β-catenin activity. The PMED effect on β-catenin signaling lasted from 12 to 24 hours in vitro and 6 to 15 hours in vivo. Thus, using a rapid and cost-effective computational methodology, we have identified a novel and specific small-molecule inhibitor of Wnt signaling that may have implications for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Leimgruber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriela Mustata Wilson
- Department of Health Services and Health Administration, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, Indiana.
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Ge J, Shen S, Zhang X, Wang K, Liu B, Sun D, Wang L. FHIT overexpression in HepG2 hepatoma cells affects growth and cyclin D1 expression in vitro.. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:311-315. [PMID: 24396396 PMCID: PMC3881045 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and the effects of FHIT on cell growth and cyclin D1 expression in hepatoma cells. The total proteins from the human hepatoma cell lines HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 were collected and the expression levels of FHIT were analyzed. The methylation status in the promoter region of FHIT in the hepatoma cells was measured using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 cells were subsequently treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-azadc) and the restoration of FHIT expression was then examined. A p-hemagglutinin (HA)-FHIT plasmid was constructed and used to transfect the HepG2 cells, and the inhibitory effects of the transfection on cell growth were then assessed. In addition, HepG2 cells were cotransfected with the pHA-FHIT plasmid and a cyclin D1 luciferase reporter plasmid, and the effects of FHIT on the activity of cyclin D1 transcription factor were analyzed using a luciferase assay. FHIT was observed to be expressed at a low level in Hep3B and HepG2 cells; however, it was expressed at a relatively high level in Huh7 cells. The promoter region of FHIT in the Hep3B and HepG2 cells was partially methylated, and 5-azadc treatment induced an increased expression of FHIT. The increased expression of FHIT inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells. Cotransfection with the pHA-FHIT plasmid significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of the cyclin D1 promoter and decreased the expression of cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, FHIT was partially methylated in the HepG2 and Hep3B hepatoma cells. The overexpression of FHIT inhibited cell growth and decreased the expression of cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Simin Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Deyun Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
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γ-Catenin at adherens junctions: mechanism and biologic implications in hepatocellular cancer after β-catenin knockdown. Neoplasia 2013; 15:421-34. [PMID: 23555187 DOI: 10.1593/neo.122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is important in liver homeostasis as a part of Wnt signaling and adherens junctions (AJs), while its aberrant activation is observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have reported hepatocyte-specific β-catenin knockout (KO) mice to lack adhesive defects as γ-catenin compensated at AJ. Because γ-catenin is a desmosomal protein, we asked if its increase in KO might deregulate desmosomes. No changes in desmosomal proteins or ultrastructure other than increased plakophilin-3 were observed. To further elucidate the role and regulation of γ-catenin, we contemplate an in vitro model and show γ-catenin increase in HCC cells upon β-catenin knockdown (KD). Here, γ-catenin is unable to rescue β-catenin/T cell factor (TCF) reporter activity; however, it sufficiently compensates at AJs as assessed by scratch wound assay, centrifugal assay for cell adhesion (CAFCA), and hanging drop assays. γ-Catenin increase is observed only after β-catenin protein decrease and not after blockade of its transactivation. γ-Catenin increase is associated with enhanced serine/threonine phosphorylation and abrogated by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition. In fact, several PKA-binding sites were detected in γ-catenin by in silico analysis. Intriguingly γ-catenin KD led to increased β-catenin levels and transactivation. Thus, γ-catenin compensates for β-catenin loss at AJ without affecting desmosomes but is unable to fulfill functions in Wnt signaling. γ-Catenin stabilization after β-catenin loss is brought about by PKA. Catenin-sensing mechanism may depend on absolute β-catenin levels and not its activity. Anti-β-catenin therapies for HCC affecting total β-catenin may target aberrant Wnt signaling without negatively impacting intercellular adhesion, provided mechanisms leading to γ-catenin stabilization are spared.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The proto-oncogene beta-catenin is linked to an abnormal activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin-pathway and shows mutations in 50-90 % of hepatoblastoma (HB). Corresponding, the recently published murine orthotopic HB model differs from the former subcutaneous model by nuclear beta-catenin distribution. As the nuclear localization of beta-catenin is considered to reflect a more aggressive tumor growth, the influence of beta-catenin inhibition on cell viability and drug-efficiency in HB cells was analyzed. METHODS Beta-catenin distribution in HB cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The influence of beta-catenin inhibitors Celecoxib, Etodolac, ICG001, and MET kinase inhibitor (SU11274) alone and in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) on HB cell lines (HuH6, HepT1) was evaluated by cell viability assays and BrdU incorporation. RESULTS Celecoxib and ICG001 reduced dose-dependently HB cell viability and decreased nuclear beta-catenin in cultivated HB cells. Etodolac was without influence at concentrations up to 100 μM. Combinations of Celecoxib or ICG001 with MET kinase inhibitor or CDDP resulted in additive reduction of cell viability. CONCLUSION Pharmaceutical beta-catenin inhibitors can modulate the nuclear localization of beta-catenin and reduce cell viability of HB cells in vitro. These promising effects might optimize the outcome of high-risk HB. The orthotopic HB model is a suitable basis for further in vivo studies.
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BIOLOGICAL TARGETS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS Oxidative Post-translational Protein Modifi cations (OPMs). Cancer Biomark 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b14318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Nejak-Bowen K, Monga SP. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hepatic organogenesis. Organogenesis 2012; 4:92-9. [PMID: 19279720 DOI: 10.4161/org.4.2.5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has come to the forefront of liver biology in recent years. This pathway regulates key pathophysiological events inherent to the liver including development, regeneration and cancer, by dictating several biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion, zonation and metabolism in various cells of the liver. This review will examine the studies that have uncovered the relevant roles of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during the process of liver development. We will discuss the potential roles of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during the phases of development, including competence, hepatic induction, expansion and morphogenesis. In addition, we will discuss the role of negative and positive regulation of this pathway and how the temporal expression of Wnt/beta-catenin can direct key processes during hepatic development. We will also identify some of the major deficits in the current understanding of the role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in liver development in order to provide a perspective for future studies. Thus, this review will provide a contextual overview of the role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during hepatic organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medcine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA
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Ito S, Tajima K, Nogawa M, Inoue N, Kyoi T, Takahashi Y, Sasagawa T, Nakamura A, Kotera T, Ueda M, Yamashita Y, Banno K. Etodolac, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, attenuates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in a mouse model of mechanical allodynia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:53-60. [PMID: 22460833 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.187401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor etodolac on the mechanical allodynia induced by paclitaxel was investigated in mice and compared with the effects of the nonselective COX inhibitors indomethacin and diclofenac, the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib, the calcium channel α(2)δ subunit inhibitor pregabalin, the sodium channel blocker mexiletine, and the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine. The decrease in the paw-withdrawal threshold induced by paclitaxel was reversed by oral administration of etodolac at 10 mg/kg but was not affected by indomethacin, diclofenac, or celecoxib. The antiallodynic effect of etodolac gradually increased during repeated administration, and after 2 weeks the paw-withdrawal threshold at the preadministration point was significantly increased. Pregabalin, duloxetine, and mexiletine also showed an antiallodynic effect in this model. Whereas pregabalin had a preadministration effect similar to that of etodolac during repeated administration, mexiletine or duloxetine had no such effect. There was almost no difference in the distribution of etodolac and diclofenac in nervous tissue, indicating that COX inhibition is unlikely to be involved in the antiallodynic effect of etodolac. Etodolac did not show a neuroprotective effect against morphological transformations such as the axonal degeneration induced by paclitaxel. Instead, etodolac probably acts at the level of functional changes accompanying paclitaxel treatment, such as alterations in the activation state of components of the pain transmission pathway. Our findings suggest that etodolac attenuates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy by a COX-independent pathway and that it might be useful for the treatment of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Ito
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14, Nishinosho-monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan.
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Fatima S, Lee NP, Luk JM. Dickkopfs and Wnt/β-catenin signalling in liver cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2011; 2:311-25. [PMID: 21876852 PMCID: PMC3163259 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v2.i8.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth and seventh most common cause of cancer in men and women, respectively. Wnt/β-catenin signalling has emerged as a critical player in both the development of normal liver as well as an oncogenic driver in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on the current understanding, this article summarizes the possible mechanisms for the aberrant activation of this pathway with specific focus on HCC. Furthermore, we will discuss the role of dickkopfs (DKKs) in regulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling, which is poorly understood and understudied. DKKs are a family of secreted proteins that comprise at least four members, namely DKK1-DKK4, which act as inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Nevertheless, not all members antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Their functional significance in hepatocarcinogenesis remains to be further characterized for which these studies should provide new insights into the regulatory role of DKKs in Wnt/β-catenin signalling in hepatic carcinogenesis. Because of the important oncogenic roles, there are an increasing number of therapeutic molecules targeting β-catenin and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway for potential therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Fatima
- Sarwat Fatima, Nikki P Lee, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Long J, Wang H, Lang Z, Wang T, Long M, Wang B. Expression level of glutamine synthetase is increased in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver tissue with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2011; 5:698-706. [PMID: 21484108 PMCID: PMC3090553 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-010-9230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that glutamine synthetase (GS) is a potential marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to evaluate the expression of GS in non-malignant liver tissue and serum GS levels in HCC, liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), five kinds of extrahepatic diseases patients and healthy subjects. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess GS expression in 260 liver tissue samples (from 120 HCC, 90 CHB stage 4, and 50 CHB stage 1-3 patients). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of 325 samples (from 100 healthy donors, 33 CHB stage 1-3, 43 CHB stage 4, 111 HCC, and 45 extrahepatic diseases patients) were used to further analyze GS levels in serum. IHC studies showed the expression of GS in 70% of HCC patients, 46.7% of CHB stage 4 patients and 38% of CHB stage 1-3 patients. The χ(2) tests showed significant difference between HCC samples and non-tumor tissues (P = 0.001 for HCC vs. CHB stage 4, P = 0.000 for HCC vs. CHB). Consistent with this, serum GS levels are increased in HCC and CHB stage 1-4 patients. There are significant differences among all samples (P = 0.000 for all), except CHB stage 1-3 versus CHB stage 4 (P = 0.552). Based on multiple linear regressions, HCC, CHB stage 1-4 and AFP were significantly associated with serum GS levels. In addition, in HCC group, TNM and Child-Pugh were significantly associated with GS levels. Expression of GS is increased in HCC, LC, and CHB. It may be a new serum marker for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Long
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - ZhenWei Lang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Tailing Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Mei Long
- Department of Academic Division, The Second Affiliated Hospital, MuDanJiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, 157009 China
| | - BaoEn Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
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Che SM, Zhang XZ, Liu XL, Chen X, Hou L. The radiosensitization effect of NS398 on esophageal cancer stem cell-like radioresistant cells. Dis Esophagus 2011; 24:265-73. [PMID: 21087344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of radioresistant esophageal cancer cells and the radiosensitization effect of NS398, a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, on them. Fractionated irradiation was applied to acquire radioresistant esophageal cancer cells. Clone formation assay was employed to detect cell radiosensitivity and cloning formation ability. Cell viability was determined by methyl tetrazolium colorimetry assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Tumorigenicity was investigated by xenograft tumorigenicity assay. Expression levels of β-catenin were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. As results, radioresistant Eca109R50Gy cells were obtained through fractional irradiation from Eca109 cells; Eca109R50Gy cells displayed higher ability of proliferation, colony-formation, and 40 times tumorigenic ability as high as that of the Eca109 cells in vivo. Meantime stem cell marker β-catenin was elevated in Eca109R50Gy cells. All of the above implied that Eca109R50Gy cells have some properties of CSCs. NS398 enhanced the radiosensitivity of Eca109R50Gy cells accompanied by down-regulating the expression of β-catenin. In conclusion, radioresistant Eca109R50Gy cells carried some CSC-like properties; NS398 enhanced the radiosensitivity of CSC-like Eca109R50Gy cells and this function may partly through down-regulating the expression of β-catenin. These findings both stress the important role of CSCs in esophageal cancer radioresistance and provide new insight on possible application of COX-2 inhibitors on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Che
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Thompson MD, Dar MJ, Monga SPS. Pegylated interferon alpha targets Wnt signaling by inducing nuclear export of β-catenin. J Hepatol 2011; 54:506-12. [PMID: 21093092 PMCID: PMC3052972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pegylated-Interferon-α2a (peg-IFN), a first line therapy for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients, also impacts the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The activation of the Wnt pathway due to β-catenin gene mutations contributes to the development of a significant subset of HCC. Herein, we explored the effect of peg-IFN on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Multiple human hepatoma cell lines were treated with Peg-IFN to assess its effect on the Wnt pathway and the mechanisms involved. Transgenic (TG) mice expressing stable β-catenin mutant in the liver were exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and treated with peg-IFN. RESULTS In vitro, peg-IFN decreased the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/Tcf and did so independently of JAK/Stat signaling. Peg-IFN treatment led to increased mRNA and protein expression of RanBP3, a known β-catenin nuclear export factor, in all hepatoma cells. Co-precipitation studies showed an increased association between RanBP3 and β-catenin after peg-IFN treatment. The siRNA-mediated RanBP3 knockdown abrogated Peg-IFN-induced decrease in TOPFlash reporter activity. In vivo, Peg-IFN treatment led to increased nuclear RanBP3, decreased nuclear β-catenin and cyclin D1, and decreased cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase. Increased association of RanBP3 and β-catenin was also observed in vivo in response to Peg-IFN that led to decreased hepatocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Peg-IFN inhibits β-catenin signaling through the up-regulation of RanBP3, which may be a contributory mechanism for the delayed HCC and improved survival in treated HCV patients. This observation might have chemo-preventive or chemo-therapeutic implications in tumor with aberrant Wnt pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Thompson
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mohd Jamal Dar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Satdarshan P. S. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Xu Z, Zhang M, Lv X, Xiang D, Zhang X, Chen L. The inhibitory effect of celecoxib on mouse hepatoma H22 cell line on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 88:603-9. [PMID: 20651831 DOI: 10.1139/o09-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It may reduce the risk of cancer formation by affecting the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), which has been implicated in the development of cancer. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the effects of celecoxib on the AA pathway in mouse hepatoma H22 cells. Celecoxib was found to inhibit the proliferation of H22 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Low doses (50 and 100 micromol.L-1) of celecoxib caused an increase in the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), but did not affect the expression of COX-2 in terms of the mRNA and protein levels. Surprisingly, the amount of AA was elevated and the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was unaltered in the culture supernatant. At higher celecoxib doses (200 and 400 micromol.L-1), the mRNA and protein of both COX-2 and cPLA2 were inhibited. The concentration of AA was increased, and PGE2 level was depressed in H22 cells. The ratio of AA to PGE2 was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the imbalance between AA and PGE2, characterized by increased AA at a low dosage and decreased PGE2 at a high dosage of celecoxib, was an important indicator of cytotoxicity of celecoxib on H22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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36
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Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved, highly complex signaling pathway that is critical for development, differentiation and cellular homeostasis. The protein β-catenin is the central player in one major arm of the Wnt pathway called the canonical Wnt pathway. As in other organs, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical for liver development. However, recent research suggests that the pathway is also important in liver regeneration, liver metabolism and maintenance of normal function in the adult liver. Aberrant activation of β-catenin has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary neoplasia, ranging from benign lesions to liver cancer. The explosion of research into the many roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promises to change our fundamental understanding of normal liver biology and the aberrations that lead to disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Behari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Suite 916 Kaufmann Medical Building, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Huang K, Zhang JX, Han L, You YP, Jiang T, Pu PY, Kang CS. MicroRNA roles in beta-catenin pathway. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:252. [PMID: 20858269 PMCID: PMC2955614 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-catenin, a key factor in the Wnt signaling pathway, has essential functions in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Aberrant β-catenin signaling has been linked to various disease pathologies, including an important role in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway as it relates to β-catenin signaling in tumorigenesis, with particular focus on the role of microRNAs. Finally, we discuss the potential of β-catenin targeted therapeutics for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yong-Ping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei-Yu Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
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Toyama T, Lee HC, Koga H, Wands JR, Kim M. Noncanonical Wnt11 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:254-65. [PMID: 20103596 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling is frequently activated due to overexpression and/or mutations in components of this pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the biological role of noncanonical Wnt-mediated signaling in HCC with respect to the signaling pathways involved and their physiologic function is unknown. Here, we report the role of Wnt11, a member of the noncanonical cascade, in hepatic oncogenesis. The expression levels of Wnt11 mRNA and protein were significantly downregulated in human HCC tumors compared with the adjacent uninvolved liver as measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. In human HCC cell lines, overexpression of Wnt11 activated protein kinase C signaling. Protein kinase C antagonized the canonical signaling through phosphorylation of beta-catenin and reduced T-cell factor-mediated transcriptional activity, resulting in a decrease of cell proliferation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Wnt11 promotes RhoA/Rho kinase activation. We found that activated Rho kinase inhibited Rac1 to reduce cell motility and migration. These observations suggest a novel role for Wnt11 as a tumor suppressor during hepatocarcinogenesis because loss of expression promotes the malignant phenotype via both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Toyama
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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39
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Nejak-Bowen KN, Zeng G, Tan X, Cieply B, Monga SP. Beta-catenin regulates vitamin C biosynthesis and cell survival in murine liver. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28115-28127. [PMID: 19690176 PMCID: PMC2788862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.047258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays multiple roles in liver pathobiology, it is critical to identify gene targets that mediate such diverse effects. Here we report a novel role of beta-catenin in controlling ascorbic acid biosynthesis in murine liver through regulation of expression of regucalcin or senescence marker protein 30 and L-gulonolactone oxidase. Reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry demonstrate decreased regucalcin expression in beta-catenin-null livers and greater expression in beta-catenin overexpressing transgenic livers, HepG2 hepatoma cells (contain constitutively active beta-catenin), regenerating livers, and in hepatocellular cancer tissues that exhibit beta-catenin activation. Interestingly, coprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies also demonstrate an association of beta-catenin and regucalcin. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays verified a functional TCF-4-binding site located between -163 and -157 (CTTTGCA) on the regucalcin promoter to be critical for regulation by beta-catenin. Significantly lower serum ascorbate levels were observed in beta-catenin knock-out mice secondary to decreased expression of regucalcin and also of L-gulonolactone oxidase, the penultimate and last (also rate-limiting) steps in the synthesis of ascorbic acid, respectively. These mice also show enhanced basal hepatocyte apoptosis. To test if ascorbate deficiency secondary to beta-catenin loss and regucalcin decrease was contributing to apoptosis, beta-catenin-null hepatocytes or regucalcin small interfering RNA-transfected HepG2 cells were cultured, which exhibited significant apoptosis that was alleviated by the addition of ascorbic acid. Thus, through regucalcin and L-gulonolactone oxidase expression, beta-catenin regulates vitamin C biosynthesis in murine liver, which in turn may be one of the mechanisms contributing to the role of beta-catenin in cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari N Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216
| | - Xinping Tan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216
| | - Benjamin Cieply
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216; Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216.
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Saleh OA, El-Azzouny AA, Aboul–Enein HY, Badawey AM, Rashed MS. Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) and DD 1-Spectrophotometric Assays for Etodolac in Bulk Form and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903249799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ola A. Saleh
- a Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre , Dokki-Giza, Egypt
| | - Aida A. El-Azzouny
- a Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre , Dokki-Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul–Enein
- a Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre , Dokki-Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Badawey
- b Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
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41
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Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is known for its role in embryogenesis as well as carcinogenesis. In the liver, it plays many critical roles during hepatic development and regeneration, and its dysregulation is evident in aberrant hepatic growth during various liver tumors. Its chief cellular roles in the liver include regulation of processes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and differentiation, which in turn contributes to hepatic growth, zonation, xenobiotic metabolism and other metabolic processes inherent to the liver. Most of these functions of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling are dictated through the highly temporal and tissue-specific or non-specific transcriptional targets of the pathway. In addition, some of the critical functions such as cell-cell adhesion and perhaps maintenance of various junctions that are critical from an epithelial cell biology perspective are also a function of β-catenin, which is the central component of the canonical Wnt pathway. Various animal models and clinical studies have demonstrated the spectra of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver health and disease. Thus therapeutic modulation of this pathway for improved hepatic health is inevitable in the future. The current review discusses the advances in our understanding of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver physiology and pathology especially in hepatic metabolism and various tumors in adult liver and goes on to extrapolate the pre-clinical significance and possible translational implications of such findings.
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42
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Monga SPS. Role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver metabolism and cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 43:1021-9. [PMID: 19747566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is known for its role in embryogenesis as well as carcinogenesis. In the liver, it plays many critical roles during hepatic development and regeneration, and its dysregulation is evident in aberrant hepatic growth during various liver tumors. Its chief cellular roles in the liver include regulation of processes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and differentiation, which in turn contributes to hepatic growth, zonation, xenobiotic metabolism and other metabolic processes inherent to the liver. Most of these functions of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling are dictated through the highly temporal and tissue-specific or non-specific transcriptional targets of the pathway. In addition, some of the critical functions such as cell-cell adhesion and perhaps maintenance of various junctions that are critical from an epithelial cell biology perspective are also a function of β-catenin, which is the central component of the canonical Wnt pathway. Various animal models and clinical studies have demonstrated the spectra of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver health and disease. Thus therapeutic modulation of this pathway for improved hepatic health is inevitable in the future. The current review discusses the advances in our understanding of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver physiology and pathology especially in hepatic metabolism and various tumors in adult liver and goes on to extrapolate the pre-clinical significance and possible translational implications of such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satdarshan Pal Singh Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States.
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43
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Bellia F, La Mendola D, Pedone C, Rizzarelli E, Saviano M, Vecchio G. Selectively functionalized cyclodextrins and their metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2756-81. [PMID: 19690752 DOI: 10.1039/b718436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers of alpha-1,4-linked D-glucopyranose. Due to their unique structure, marked by a chiral and hydrophobic cavity, CDs have been extensively used as chiral selectors and drug delivery systems. The functionalization both improve the CD applications and widen their use in many other fields, such as molecular recognition and enzyme mimicking. Moreover, the functionalization highly increases the metal binding properties of the CDs. This critical review is a report of recent applications concerning the CD derivatives and their metal complexes. The metal ion assists the host-guest interaction often increasing the properties of CDs to act as chiral receptors. Furthermore, it can act as a catalytic center in the mimicking of metalloenzymes based on functionalized CDs (164 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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44
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Khwaja FS, Wynne S, Posey I, Djakiew D. 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Induction of p75NTR-Dependent Cell Death via the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:566-71. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Puglisi A, Rizzarelli E, Vecchio G, Iacovino R, Benedetti E, Pedone C, Saviano M. Crystal and molecular structure of β-cyclodextrins functionalized with the anti-inflammatory drug Etodolac. Biopolymers 2009; 91:1227-35. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Cieply B, Zeng G, Proverbs-Singh T, Geller DA, Monga SPS. Unique phenotype of hepatocellular cancers with exon-3 mutations in beta-catenin gene. Hepatology 2009; 49:821-31. [PMID: 19101982 PMCID: PMC2657345 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays an important role in liver development and regeneration. Its aberrant activation, however, is observed in a subset of primary hepatocellular cancers (HCCs). In the current study, we compare and contrast the tumor characteristics of HCC in the presence or absence of mutations in the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1). Frozen HCCs (n = 32), including five fibrolamellar (FL) variants, and control livers (n = 3) from Health Sciences Tissue Bank and Department of Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, were examined for mutations in CTNNB1, protein levels of beta-catenin, tyrosine-654-phosphorylated-beta-catenin (Y654-beta-catenin), and glutamine synthetase (GS). Missense mutations in the exon-3 of CTNNB1were identified in 9/32 HCCs. Total beta-catenin levels were higher than controls in most tumors; however, GS was exclusively increased in HCCs with mutations. Phenotypically, greater percentages of mutated HCCs showed macrovascular and microvascular invasion. Also, the tumor size was greater than double in mutated HCCs. High levels of total beta-catenin protein were observed in multinodular tumors independent of beta-catenin mutations. In addition, significant cases with mutations showed absence of cirrhosis. Finally, the highest levels of Y654-beta-catenin were exclusively observed in fibrolamellar (FL)-HCC cases. CONCLUSION Thus, HCCs that harbor missense mutations in exon-3 of CTNNB1 exhibit, histologically, a more aggressive phenotype. Also, CTNNB1 mutations might lead to HCC in the absence of cirrhosis. Finally, FL-HCC cases display a unique up-regulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated-beta-catenin, suggesting robust receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cieply
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
| | - Tracy Proverbs-Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
| | - David A. Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
| | - Satdarshan P. S. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
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47
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Xie XY, Yin JB, Lv ZW, Qi XS. Advancements of cyclooxygenase inhibitor in the prevention and treatment of hepatoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:158-163. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It was reported that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its products were over-expressed in many malignant tumors. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can inhibit COX activity, and also can reduce proliferation, enhance apoptosis, decrease angiogenesis and invasiveness of tumor cells. Hepatoma is one of common malignancies worldwide, and its prognosis is still extremely poor and the cellular mechanisms contributing to hepatic carcinogenesis are relatively unknown. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of liver cancer are limited. At present, it is important to find new drugs and investigate their action mechanisms. This article provides a brief review on the research progress of COX inhibitor in the prevention and treatment of hepatoma.
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48
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Mechanisms regulating the susceptibility of hematopoietic malignancies to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Adv Cancer Res 2009; 101:127-248. [PMID: 19055945 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)00406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies owing to their ability to induce apoptosis of these cancerous cells. Whereas some types of lymphoma and leukemia respond well to this drug, others are resistant. Also, GC-resistance gradually develops upon repeated treatments ultimately leading to refractory relapsed disease. Understanding the mechanisms regulating GC-induced apoptosis is therefore uttermost important for designing novel treatment strategies that overcome GC-resistance. This review discusses updated data describing the complex regulation of the cell's susceptibility to apoptosis triggered by GCs. We address both the genomic and nongenomic effects involved in promoting the apoptotic signals as well as the resistance mechanisms opposing these signals. Eventually we address potential strategies of clinical relevance that sensitize GC-resistant lymphoma and leukemia cells to this drug. The major target is the nongenomic signal transduction machinery where the interplay between protein kinases determines the cell fate. Shifting the balance of the kinome towards a state where Glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha (GSK3alpha) is kept active, favors an apoptotic response. Accumulating data show that it is possible to therapeutically modulate GC-resistance in patients, thereby improving the response to GC therapy.
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49
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Cieply B, Zeng G, Proverbs-Singh T, Geller DA, Monga SPS. Unique phenotype of hepatocellular cancers with exon-3 mutations in beta-catenin gene. HEPATOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD.) 2008. [PMID: 19101982 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22695.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays an important role in liver development and regeneration. Its aberrant activation, however, is observed in a subset of primary hepatocellular cancers (HCCs). In the current study, we compare and contrast the tumor characteristics of HCC in the presence or absence of mutations in the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1). Frozen HCCs (n = 32), including five fibrolamellar (FL) variants, and control livers (n = 3) from Health Sciences Tissue Bank and Department of Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, were examined for mutations in CTNNB1, protein levels of beta-catenin, tyrosine-654-phosphorylated-beta-catenin (Y654-beta-catenin), and glutamine synthetase (GS). Missense mutations in the exon-3 of CTNNB1were identified in 9/32 HCCs. Total beta-catenin levels were higher than controls in most tumors; however, GS was exclusively increased in HCCs with mutations. Phenotypically, greater percentages of mutated HCCs showed macrovascular and microvascular invasion. Also, the tumor size was greater than double in mutated HCCs. High levels of total beta-catenin protein were observed in multinodular tumors independent of beta-catenin mutations. In addition, significant cases with mutations showed absence of cirrhosis. Finally, the highest levels of Y654-beta-catenin were exclusively observed in fibrolamellar (FL)-HCC cases. CONCLUSION Thus, HCCs that harbor missense mutations in exon-3 of CTNNB1 exhibit, histologically, a more aggressive phenotype. Also, CTNNB1 mutations might lead to HCC in the absence of cirrhosis. Finally, FL-HCC cases display a unique up-regulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated-beta-catenin, suggesting robust receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cieply
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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50
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Sabbah M, Emami S, Redeuilh G, Julien S, Prévost G, Zimber A, Ouelaa R, Bracke M, De Wever O, Gespach C. Molecular signature and therapeutic perspective of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions in epithelial cancers. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 11:123-51. [PMID: 18718806 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are integrated in concert with master developmental and oncogenic pathways regulating in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, as well as the reprogrammation of specific gene repertoires ascribed to both epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Consequently, it is not unexpected that EMT has profound impacts on the neoplastic progression, patient survival, as well as the resistance of cancers to therapeutics (taxol, vincristine, oxaliplatin, EGF-R targeted therapy and radiotherapy), independent of the "classical" resistance mechanisms linked to genotoxic drugs. New therapeutic combinations using genotoxic agents and/or EMT signaling inhibitors are therefore expected to circumvent the chemotherapeutic resistance of cancers characterized by transient or sustained EMT signatures. Thus, targeting critical orchestrators at the convergence of several EMT pathways, such as the transcription pathways NF-kappaB, AKT/mTOR axis, MAPK, beta-catenin, PKC and the AP-1/SMAD factors provide a realistic strategy to control EMT and the progression of human epithelial cancers. Several inhibitors targeting these signaling platforms are already tested in preclinical and clinical oncology. In addition, upstream EMT signaling pathways induced by receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF-R, IGF-R, VEGF-R, integrins/FAK, Src) and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) constitute practical options under preclinical research, clinical trials or are currently used in the clinic for cancer treatment: e.g. small molecule inhibitors (Iressa: targeting selectively the EGF-R; CP-751,871, AMG479, NVP-AEW541, BMS-536924, PQIP, AG1024: IGF-R; AZD2171, ZD6474: VEGF-R; AZD0530, BMS-354825, SKI606: Src; BIM-46174: GPCR; rapamycin, CCI-779, RAD-001: mTOR) and humanized function blocking antibodies (Herceptin: ErbB2; Avastin: VEGF-A; Erbitux: EGF-R; Abegrin: alphavbeta3 integrins). We can assume that silencing RNA and adenovirus-based gene transfer of therapeutic miR and dominant interferring expression vectors targeting EMT pathways and signaling elements will bring additional ways for the treatment of epithelial cancers. Identification of the factors that initiate, modulate and effectuate EMT signatures and their underlying upstream oncogenic pathways should provide the basis of more efficient strategies to fight cancer progression as well as genetic and epigenetic forms of drug resistance. This goal can be accomplished using global screening of human clinical tumors by EMT-associated cDNA, proteome, miRome, and tissue arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Sabbah
- INSERM U673, Molecular and Clinical Oncology of Solid Tumors, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
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