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Ekow Arkorful V, Kweku Lugu B, Shuliang Z, Mamley Charway S. Investigating COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Intention Using an Integrated Model of Protection Motivation Theory and an Extended Version of the Theory of Planned Behavior. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:998-1011. [PMID: 37128842 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2201730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As global governments continue to inoculate populations in the aftermath of the SARS-CoV-19 epidemic, health protection and related problems such as vaccination reluctance have sparked conflicting emotions and discourses. Stakeholder concerns about vaccination promotion have arisen in this context. Consequently, this research investigates vaccination uptake behavior using an integrated framework that includes protective motivation theory and an extended version of the theory of planned behavior. Except for perceived severity, empirical study results based on the structural equation modeling technique demonstrated a positive relationship between PMT factors (i.e. perceived vulnerability, reaction efficacy, self-efficacy, and cost response) and intention to vaccinate. TPB factors (attitude, perceived behavior control, subjective norm, personal moral norm, and descriptive norm) were also found to have a positive connection with intention. The model's utility and suitability are indicated by the predictive and explanatory potency score (R2 = .415). Study implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake promotion and ideas for future investigations are explored in light of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhao Shuliang
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Susana Mamley Charway
- Department of Business Administration, Catholic Institute of Business and Technology
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Elazab K, Özden M, Baruh L, Cemalcılar Z. "Oh no, they caught it!": Vicarious experience of COVID-19, protection motivation and protective behaviors. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:510-521. [PMID: 37947219 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231207166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the components of the protection motivation theory, this study investigated the role of close others' diagnosis of COVID-19 (as a vicarious experience) in individuals' adherence to protective behavior against COVID-19. Path analysis of online survey data from 3695 participants showed that the presence of a diagnosed close other was positively related to perceived vulnerability, while being negatively related to perceived response efficacy and self-efficacy. In addition, perceived severity and efficacy appraisals were positively associated with protective behavioral tendencies. Although efficacy appraisal mediated the relationship between vicarious experience and protective behavior, threat appraisal did not mediate this relationship. In sum, the results suggest that efficacy appraisal derived from vicarious experiences can be more consequential for protective behaviors than threat appraisal. Implications of these results on future large-scale health crises are discussed along with limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lemi Baruh
- Koç University, Turkey
- The University of Queensland, Australia
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Jarosz K, Młynarska A. The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Job Satisfaction and Professional Burnout among Nurses in Urology Departments. NURSING REPORTS 2024; 14:883-900. [PMID: 38651480 PMCID: PMC11036254 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Job satisfaction and professional burnout directly impact human life, depending on various professional, non-professional, and private determinants. Nurses, in particular, are highly susceptible to experiencing professional burnout, which, when combined with job satisfaction, significantly affects the quality of their services. This study aimed to assess the level of job satisfaction and job burnout among nurses working in urology departments, as well as the impact of sociodemographic factors. (2) Methods: The study involved 130 nurses working in urology departments in Poland. Researchers conducted an anonymous questionnaire comprising a sociodemographic section and two standardized questionnaires: the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ) and the Scale of Job Satisfaction (SSP). (3) Results: The study group demonstrated an average level of job satisfaction (17.23 points) and an average level of professional burnout, indicating potential symptoms of professional burnout such as psychophysical exhaustion (22.29 points), lack of commitment to patient relationships (20.02 points), feelings of professional ineffectiveness (17.37 points), and disappointment (19.66 points). (4) Conclusions: The levels of job satisfaction and professional burnout among nurses in urology departments are comparable to those in other departments and countries. Medical facilities should take into account factors influencing job satisfaction and the risk of professional burnout when addressing employment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jarosz
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-55 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Młynarska
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-55 Katowice, Poland
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Moreno-Echevarria FM, Caputo MT, Camp DM, Reddy S, Achenbach CJ. Incidence and risk factors of omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection among vaccinated and boosted individuals. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.03.24305293. [PMID: 38633797 PMCID: PMC11023664 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.24305293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective against infection and severe COVID-19 disease worldwide. Certain co-morbid conditions cause immune dysfunction and may reduce immune response to vaccination. In contrast, those with co-morbidities may practice infection prevention strategies. Thus, the real-world clinical impact of co-morbidities on SARS-CoV-2 infection in the recent post-vaccination period is not well established. We performed this study to understand the epidemiology of Omicron breakthrough infection and evaluate associations with number of comorbidities in a vaccinated and boosted population. Methods and Findings We performed a retrospective clinical cohort study utilizing the Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse. Our study population was identified as fully vaccinated adults with at least one booster. The primary risk factor of interest was the number of co-morbidities. Our primary outcome was incidence and time to first positive SARS-CoV-2 molecular test in the Omicron predominant era. We performed multivariable analyses stratified by calendar time using Cox modeling to determine hazard of SARS-CoV-2. In total, 133,191 patients were analyzed. Having 3+ comorbidities was associated with increased hazard for breakthrough (HR=1.2 CI 1.2-1.6). During the second half of the study, having 2 comorbidities (HR= 1.1 95% CI 1.02-1.2) and having 3+ comorbidities (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-1.9) were associated with increased hazard for Omicron breakthrough. Older age was associated with decreased hazard in the first 6 months of follow-up. Interaction terms for calendar time indicated significant changes in hazard for many factors between the first and second halves of the follow-up period. Conclusions Omicron breakthrough is common with significantly higher risk for our most vulnerable patients with multiple co-morbidities. Age related behavioral factors play an important role in breakthrough infection with the highest incidence among young adults. Our findings reflect real-world differences in immunity and exposure risk behaviors for populations vulnerable to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathew T. Caputo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Daniel M. Camp
- Robert J. Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Susheel Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Chad J. Achenbach
- Robert J. Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
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Schiff M, Sharon-Lavi N. Motives for Vaccination Against COVID-19 Among the Ultra-orthodox Jewish Community in Israel. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02018-3. [PMID: 38530581 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
According to official data, the ultra-Orthodox group in Israel had the highest COVID-19 infection rate yet the lowest vaccination rate compared to the general population. The present study aimed to explore the rate of vaccine uptake as well as reported reasons for vaccine avoidance. In addition, we examined whether several protection motivation theory (PMT) components are good predictors of vaccine uptake. The components we addressed were: perceived susceptibility to the threat of COVID-19, perceived severity of the virus, and perceived efficiency and safety of the vaccine (i.e., response efficacy). The sample included 623 individuals (337 men) aged 18 + who were drawn from a database of a survey company specializing in the ultra-Orthodox community. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey between June 22, 2021, and July 7, 2021, approximately six months after the beginning of vaccination distribution. Results revealed that 65.8% of the participants (versus 89% of the general population) were vaccinated. Women were vaccinated at lower rates than men, whereas those in the Misnagdim ultra-Orthodox subgroup were vaccinated at higher rates than other subgroups in that community. The most prominent reasons for vaccine avoidance were perceived immunity based on prior infection by the virus and lack of trust in the vaccine's safety. In support of the PMT model, the perceived severity of the virus and the vaccine high efficacy were significant predictors of vaccine uptake. The study results call for better outreach to this community and specific psycho-education interventions tailored for its women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schiff
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Nitzan Sharon-Lavi
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Yildirim D, Şenyuva E, Kaya E. Turkish nurses' psychological resilience and burnout levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: A correlational study. Int J Nurs Pract 2024:e13239. [PMID: 38308441 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship between the psychological resilience and burnout of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients and to determine the factors that affect their psychological resilience and burnout. BACKGROUND In pandemic diseases such as COVID-19, nurses experience burnout due to long working hours, decreased quality of life and anxiety/fear about their own/families' health. Psychological resilience helps to control burnout in nurses and prevent the development of a global nurse shortage. DESIGN This was a descriptive, correlational study. METHODS The sample of this study included 201 nurses in a Training and Research Hospital. The study used the Brief Resilience Scale and the Burnout Measure Short Version. Data were collected between 4 May and 1 June 2020. Statistical analysis was made with Pearson/Spearman, independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. RESULTS Nurses reported moderate burnout and psychological resilience, with a negative and highly significant correlation between psychological resilience and burnout levels. CONCLUSIONS In order to increase the quality of patient care/treatment, nurse managers need to reduce nurses' burnout and increase their psychological resilience. Nurses are recommended to adopt a healthy lifestyle, organize training programmes and implement psychological resilience interventions to prevent sleep disorders. Giving nurses the tools to understand what they need to manage within their locus of control will allow them to find a new sense of resilience, preventing potential burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yildirim
- Graduate Education Institute, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Şenyuva
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Nursing Education Department, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ender Kaya
- Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Clinic of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Niksirat S, Rouhani‐Tonekaboni N, Shakiba M, Kasmaei P. Preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among health care providers in Iran: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1839. [PMID: 38299211 PMCID: PMC10825499 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim During outbreaks of infectious diseases, if healthcare providers do not follow the principles of prevention, the risk of personal infection increases and they become a source of infection spread. This study aimed to determine the factors related to the preventive health behaviors of COVID-19 among Iranian healthcare providers based on protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods This analytical cross-sectional study included 346 healthcare providers. Data was collected by an online researcher-made questionnaire based on PMT. To analyze the data, independent T tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and SPSS 22 software were used. α was considered as 0.05. Results 85.3% of the healthcare providers would always wear masks, 80.7% would always refuse to kiss and touch hands with others, and 34.7% sometimes would exercise at home. The preventive behaviors were significantly correlated with protection motivation (r = 0.84), self-efficacy (r = 0.51), response efficiency (r = 0.43), perceived severity (r = 0.41) Fear (r = 0.21), perceived susceptibility (r = 0.11), response cost (r = -0.14), and reward (r = -0.15). PMT constructs were able to predict 77% of the variance of the behaviors and the protection motivation construct was the strongest predictor (β = 0.806). Income above 300 Dolars per month was significantly related to the decrease in the mean score of preventive behaviors against COVID-19. The female sex and the individual or family history of infectious diseases were significantly related to increasing the mean score of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Conclusion Based on the study results, it is suggested that some educational interventions be designed and implemented with a focus on this construct and the perceived severity construct and that more attention be given to the education of health care providers with high-income levels, male providers, and the individuals without a history of corona infection in themselves or their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souri Niksirat
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of HealthGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Nooshin Rouhani‐Tonekaboni
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of HealthGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Maryam Shakiba
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of HealthGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Parisa Kasmaei
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of HealthGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
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Karimi M, Khoramaki Z, Faradonbeh MR, Ghaedi M, Ashoori F, Asadollahi A. Predictors of hospital nursing staff's adherence to safe injection guidelines: application of the protection motivation theory in Fars province, Iran. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:25. [PMID: 38191446 PMCID: PMC10775610 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Needle stick injuries (NSI) can lead to dangerous infectious diseases for health care workers. This study aimed to determine the predictors of observance of safe injection guidelines in hospital nursing staff, based on protection motivation theory. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on the nursing staff of five randomly selected teaching and general hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars province, Iran, in 2021. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which was developed based on protection motivation theory. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 22 and Amos 24 at a significance level of < 0.05. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple linear regression, and Structural Equation Modeling were used. RESULTS The mean age of the participants (No = 280) was 32.5 ± 8.09 years. Most of the participants [80%] had encountered NSI, patients' blood, or body fluids at least once. Protection motivation was the only predictor of protective behaviors (β = 0.573), while perceived efficacy (β = 0.142) and perceived rewards (β = -0.229) were the strongest predictors of motivation. The structural equation modeling analysis showed that standardized total effects of protection motivation, perceived response costs, rewards, and efficacy on the protective behaviors were 0.573, -0.159, -.104, and 0.81, respectively. While standardized total effects of perceived rewards, efficacy, and response cost on protection motivation were -0.229, 0.142, and -0.033, respectively. The model fit indices indicated the acceptable final model fit. CONCLUSION The results suggest that perceived efficacy, perceived effectiveness, and perceived rewards were the most important predictors of adherence to Safe Injection Guidelines in nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Karimi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zakieh Khoramaki
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rabiey Faradonbeh
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashoori
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Asadollahi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Gerontology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rakhshani T, Nikeghbal S, Kashfi SM, Kamyab A, Harsini PA, Jeihooni AK. Effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory on preventive behaviors of respiratory infections among hospital staff. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1326760. [PMID: 38249399 PMCID: PMC10796505 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital staff represent a vulnerable population for respiratory diseases. Consequently, the implementation of training programs becomes imperative as a preventive measure against such infections in these populations. The current study was conducted to examine the impact of an educational intervention based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) on preventive behaviors for respiratory infections among a group of hospital staff. Methods This experimental study involves a sample of 150 hospital staff from Gachsaran City, Iran, in 2021-2022. The sampling technique involved the utilization of a random assignment approach to allocate individuals into two distinct groups: the experimental group, consisting of 75 participants, and the control group, also including 75 individuals. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire designed in accordance with the PMT. This questionnaire was administered to both the experimental and control groups prior to the intervention as well as two months following the intervention. The intervention program consisted of a total of five sessions, each lasting for 60 min, for the experimental group. These sessions were conducted on a weekly basis over a period of two and a half months. Specifically, there were two sessions held every month and one session held every two weeks. Following the completion of the program, the data was entered into SPSS-24 statistical software for analysis using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. Results The results indicated that prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived vulnerability constructs (p = 0.25), perceived severity (p = 0.63), perceived response (p = 0.32), and perceived reward (p = 0.11). Besides, there was no considerable distinction in perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.84), perceived response cost (p = 0.33), fear (p = 0.45), behavior motivation (p = 0.51), knowledge (p = 92), or vaccination behavior (p = 0.12) before the educational intervention. However, a significant change was noticed in each of the mentioned variables between the two groups after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the implementation of an educational intervention grounded in the PMT yields positive outcomes in enhancing preventative behaviors pertaining to respiratory infections. Hence, it is recommended to utilize an intervention grounded in this theory among hospital staff as a viable approach to mitigating the occurrence of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rakhshani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepahdar Nikeghbal
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mansour Kashfi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Kamyab
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hajian-Tilaki E, Hajian-Tilaki K, Bakhtiari A. Preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in the Iranian adult population during the pandemic: Integrated effect of the health belief model and the planned behavior intention using causal path analysis. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2024; 15:115-123. [PMID: 38463919 PMCID: PMC10921116 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.15.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the integration of the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of intention to plan preventive behavior for COVID-19 during the pandemic. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 480 adult participants from different outpatient clinics were recruited in the study. The participant responded by self-report; the health belief model (HBM) scale, preventive behavior scale, subjective norms scale, the intention of planned behavior scale, and perceived control behavior scale were measured. The hypothesized causal path models were examined using SEM analysis. Results The HBM had significant effects on perceived behavior control (β=0.60, P=0.001), the intended preventive behavior (β=0.32, P=0.001), and subjective norm (β=0.53, P=0.001). Subsequently, the intention of preventive behavior (β==0.39, P=0.001) and subjective norms (β=0.27, P=0.001) significantly affected the performance of preventive behaviors. The estimated fitting criteria showed that the hypothesized model fits relatively well. Conclusion The health belief model with the integration of subjective norms, perceived control behavior and mediation by the intention of planned behavior in a pathway relationship explains well the preventive behavior of COVID-19. The findings present a deeper understanding of how integrating HBM and intended planned behavior enhances people's preventive behavior against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Hajian-Tilaki
- Student Research Committee, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Health Center of Social Determinants, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, babol, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Bakhtiari
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Noroozi Masir M, Tarrahi MJ, Fathian Dastgerdi Z, Rahimi M. Investigating the factors related to protective behaviors against COVID-19 in healthcare workers: Application of extended parallel process model. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1778. [PMID: 38125278 PMCID: PMC10731120 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Preventive behaviors against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are important, and messages that create a sense of danger are necessary to create these behaviors. One of the widely used models for designing risk messages is the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). The present study was conducted to investigate the factors related to protective behaviors against COVID-19 in the personnel of the health department based on EPPM. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 699 personnel of the deputy health department of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were included in the study by census method. Data were collected online using valid questionnaires, including demographic questions and history of contracting COVID-19 and the questionnaire of EPPM constructs. Data were analyzed in SPSS24 software, using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results The results showed that there were positive correlations between the protective behaviors and the constructs of perceived severity (p < 0.001, r = 0.542), perceived susceptibility (p < 0.001, r = 0.260), self-efficacy (p < 0.001, r = 0.594), response efficiency (p > 0.001, r = 0.522), and risk control (p > 0.001, r = 0.501). There was a negative correlation between protective behaviors and fear control (p < 0.001, r = 0.329). The results of multiple linear regression showed that these six constructs explained 49.8% of protective behaviors against COVID-19, among which the role of the perceived severity construct was stronger than other constructs. Conclusion Regarding the results, it is suggested that the results of this research be used in the development of training programs to improve protective behaviors in high-traffic offices, and by focusing on fear and risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Noroozi Masir
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of HealthIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health FacultyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Zohreh Fathian Dastgerdi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Health FacultyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Majid Rahimi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Health FacultyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Nerini A, Duradoni M, Matera C, Guazzini A, Paradisi M, Schembri A. Predictors of Vaccination Intentions and Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:950. [PMID: 37998696 PMCID: PMC10669074 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed at understanding individuals' vaccination intentions and protective behaviours against COVID-19 through two different studies. In Study 1 (N = 213, 73% women; mean age = 24.03) the Protection Motivation Theory model was tested considering the fear of COVID-19 as a possible mediator between threat appraisal (in terms of both health and social life) and intentions to get vaccinated when the vaccination was not yet available. Study 2 (N = 1111, 68.9% women; mean age = 38.33) was conducted when the vaccine became available for the entire population. Through this study, by adopting the 5C model of vaccine hesitancy as a theoretical framework, we aimed to understand how people who got vaccinated and the ones who did not differed, considering fear of vaccination, personality and vaccination hesitancy. In Study 1, social limitations, perceived severity and COVID-19 perceived vulnerability were significantly and positively related to fear of COVID-19. Contrary to what we expected, fear of COVID-19 was not a significant predictor of vaccination intention, which was predicted by both response efficacy and self-efficacy. In Study 2, in line with previous studies, vaccine hesitancy was negatively related to vaccination. More specifically, the social-oriented dimension of collective responsibility was the strongest predictor of effective behaviour. Our findings provide insights into the complexity of vaccine acceptance and emphasise the need for targeted interventions to promote vaccination and mitigate the spread of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nerini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirko Duradoni
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Camilla Matera
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrea Guazzini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Monica Paradisi
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Adriele Schembri
- School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy;
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den Daas C, Dixon D, Hubbard G, Allan J, Johnston M. Habits and Reflective Processes in COVID-19 Transmission-reducing Behaviors: Examining Theoretical Predictions in a Representative Sample of the Population of Scotland. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:910-920. [PMID: 37319346 PMCID: PMC10578412 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on theory, COVID-19 transmission-reducing behaviors (TRBs) should become habitual because of their frequent performance. Habits have been hypothesized to develop through reflective processes and, to act in conjunction with them. PURPOSE We investigated the existence, development, and consequences of TRB habits, for physical distancing, handwashing, and wearing face coverings. METHODS A representative sample of the Scottish population (N = 1,003) was interviewed by a commercial polling company in August-October 2020 and half were re-interviewed later. Measures included adherence, habit, personal routine tendency, reflective processes, and action control for three TRBs. Data were analyzed using general linear modeling, regression, and mediation analyses. RESULTS Handwashing was most habitual; only face covering became more habitual over time. Routine tendencies predicted TRB habits, and adherence to handwashing and physical distancing. Those reporting greater habits reported better adherence, for physical distancing and handwashing, and this remained true after controlling for previous adherence. Reflective and habit processes independently predicted adherence for physical distancing and handwashing; only reflective processes were independently predictive for face covering. The relationship between planning and forgetting and adherence was partly direct, and partly mediated by habit. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm hypotheses from habit theory including the role of repetition and of personal routine tendency in developing habits. They are consistent with dual processing theory in finding that both reflective and habit processes predict adherence to TRBs. Action planning partly mediated the relation between reflective processes and adherence. The COVID-19 pandemic has enabled the testing and confirmation of several theoretical hypotheses about habit processes in the enactment of TRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal den Daas
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Diane Dixon
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gill Hubbard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Julia Allan
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marie Johnston
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Guan J, Zhang Y, You S, Li Y, Zhao H, Bu W, Xie Y. Application of protection motivation theory in epidemic prevention in patients with respiratory diseases under the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023; 17:1058-1066. [PMID: 37666659 PMCID: PMC10542998 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of nursing intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT) on patients with respiratory diseases in the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A total of 74 patients with respiratory diseases who were hospitalized from June 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled and stratified into a control group (n = 37) and an experimental group (n = 37) according to a stratified random sampling method. The control group adopted a routine nursing intervention program of the respiratory department, whereas the experimental group received a PMT-based nursing intervention program on the basis of the control group. Chronic Disease Self-Management Study Measures (CDSMS) and Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Diseases 6-item Scale (SECD6) were used to evaluate the effect of PMT intervention before intervention, after 1 week, and after 4 weeks of intervention. The levels of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured to evaluate pulmonary function. RESULTS Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in the scores of CDSMS and SECD6 scales and liver function indexes between the two groups (p > 0.05). After 1 and 4 weeks of intervention, the scores of CDSMS and SECD6 scales of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.0001). The indexes of pulmonary function of the experimental group were improved, but there was no significant difference compared with the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Nursing intervention based on PMT contributes to the improvement of self-management behaviors and self-efficacy, which is conducive to the prognoses of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Department of Respiration, the First People's Hospital of Huzhouthe First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhouChina
| | | | - Shan You
- School of NursingHuzhou UniversityHuzhouChina
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Nursing, the First People's Hospital of Huzhouthe First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhouChina
| | - Hongxing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Huzhouthe First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhouChina
| | - Weiqin Bu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, the First People's Hospital of Huzhouthe First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhouChina
| | - Yanping Xie
- Department of Respiration, the First People's Hospital of Huzhouthe First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhouChina
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Ghodrati Torbati A, Shirinzadeh Feizabadi A, Askari MR, Zandi A, Sarmadi M. Thought Believability and Anxious Feelings about COVID-19: A Case-Control Study in Northeastern Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:93. [PMID: 38021393 PMCID: PMC10657258 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Believability and thoughts are considered as the pillars of behaviors over time, and anxious feelings are a risk factor for mental disorders, especially during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to explore the thought believability and anxious feelings of COVID-19 among infected and healthy families. Methods In this hospital-based matched case-control study, health surveillance files of COVID-19 patients were collected from January to June 2021 and were analyzed statistically. In this study, two questionnaires of demographic characteristics and the Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts (BAFT) were used. Data were analyzed using the One-way ANOVA. Results Of 600 participants, 300 (50%) were PCR-confirmed and 300 (50%) were non-infected. Overall, 163 (54.33%) of infected people were male, 146 (48.67%) single, and 156 (52.00%) government employees. The results showed that the mean scores of physical anxiety (PA) and negative evaluation (NE) in the case group is significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.001); while emotional regulation (ER) in the control group was significantly higher than the case group (P = 0.001). Conclusion Having high believability to the risks of COVID-19 may be a predictor of preventive behaviors in individuals. Worrying about COVID-19 can increase the perceived risk of a pandemic in societies and consequence, increase the general public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ghodrati Torbati
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Atefeh Shirinzadeh Feizabadi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Askari
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Anahita Zandi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
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Chen L, Chen M. Danger control and fear control during public health emergencies: Considering the roles of fear and hope in the EPPM across different levels of trust. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:928-942. [PMID: 35750328 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Public health emergencies pose considerable threats to global health and safety. The control of these emergencies requires the efforts of healthcare professionals and calls for the public to take protective actions. The present study not only puts fear back in the extended parallel process model (EPPM) but also considers another similarly productive emotion: hope. We examined the mechanisms behind the effects of four cognitive perceptions on protective actions (i.e., danger control) and information avoidance (i.e., fear control). A national online survey was conducted with 1676 participants during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China from February 1 to 29, 2020. The results revealed that perceived severity and susceptibility could lead to fear, positively affecting protective actions. On the other hand, perceived response efficacy and self-efficacy induced hope, which was positively associated with protective actions but negatively associated with information avoidance. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind the relationships among cognitions, emotions, and behaviors varied across levels of trust in healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Minyi Chen
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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17
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Factors Affecting Preventive Behaviors for Safety and Health at Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Thai Construction Workers. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030426. [PMID: 36767001 PMCID: PMC9914806 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational health and safety risks are of major concerns in construction industry. The COVID-19 outbreak provides an additional risk that could drastically affect the safety risks and health of construction workers. Understanding the factors that affect the health and safety of construction workers is significant in reducing risky behaviors and enhancing worker preventive behaviors. Via integrating the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study investigates the factors that affect preventive behaviors among construction workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 610 Thai construction workers participated in an online questionnaire survey, which consisted of nine factors with 43 questions. Structure equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to analyze the causal relationships among the latent variable. The SEM results indicated that organizational support and knowledge about COVID-19 had significant (p < 0.0001) direct influences on perceived vulnerability and perceived severity. In addition, perceived vulnerability and perceived severity had significant direct influences on perceived behavioral control. Perceived severity had significant (p < 0.0001) direct influence on attitude towards behavior. Moreover, perceived behavioral control and attitude towards behavior had significant (p < 0.0001) direct influence on intention to follow the preventive measure. Furthermore, the intention to follow the preventive measure had significant (p < 0.0001) direct influences on the COVID-19 preventive behavior. Of note, organizational support and knowledge about COVID-19 had significant (p < 0.0001) indirect influence on COVID-19 preventive behavior. The findings of this study may assist project managers/supervisors and authorities in the construction industry in understanding the challenge during COVID-19 and possible similar epidemics in the future. In addition, conducting effective strategies would improve construction industry safety and promote preventive behaviors among construction workers.
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Downing ST, Mccarty RJ, Guastello AD, Cooke DL, Mcnamara JPH. Assessing the predictors of adaptive and maladaptive Covid-19 preventive behaviours: an application of protection motivation theory. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:460-474. [PMID: 35769017 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2093925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic, reported rates of adherence to adaptive preventive health behaviours during the early wave of the pandemic were suboptimal for reducing the risk of disease spread. Additionally, some have adopted practices with the intention of preventing infection that have harmful consequences. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), consisting of perceived vulnerability, severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy, has been used to predict intentions to engage in behaviours in past pandemics, and can be extended to the COVID-19 outbreak. Three hundred and thirty-three American adults completed a survey in May 2020 through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Ten behaviours recommended by the CDC and WHO and two 'maladaptive' behaviours presented in the media were selected for investigation. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to assess the impacts of demographic variables and PMT constructs on behaviour frequency. Perceived severity and vulnerability were not significant predictors of behaviour frequency. Behaviour specific response efficacy and self-efficacy were significant predictors of 11/12 (odds ratios: 2.70-6.22) and 10/12 (odds ratios: 2.59-4.64) behaviours, respectively. Age, gender, education, political ideology, perceived severity, and perceived vulnerability were generally unimportant predictors. Beliefs about the effectiveness of the behaviour and one's ability to carry out that behaviour consistently seem to be more important in predicting how often someone engages in that behaviour than the perceived dangerousness of COVID-19 and one's believed susceptibility to infection. These results suggest that interventions trying to modulate the likelihood of engaging in preventive behaviours should focus on the effectiveness of these behaviours in reducing risk of spread and the individual's ability to engage in these behaviours frequently rather than the dangerousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and the individual's risk of becoming infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth T Downing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan J Mccarty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Danielle L Cooke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abdollahi SZ, Mahmoodabad SSM, Lotfi MH, Ardakani SMY. Development and validation of a questionnaire based on the protection motivation theory to predict cigarette smoking preventive behavior in the Iranian university students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:12. [PMID: 37034859 PMCID: PMC10079177 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1566_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of smoking is very important at a young age and during the student period. Because of the lack of a questionnaire based on the prevention of smoking behavior, this study was conducted to design and standardize a tool according to the protection motivation theory (PMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an analytical cross-sectional study where information and opinions of experts and then designing tools and assessing the face validity in the first phase and content validity, construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of questions in the second phase were examined. The initial themes and structures were determined based on the literature Review and the opinion of experts. Three hundred students of Yazd Universities were selected by cluster sampling and included in the study. All analyses were performed in SPSS and AMOS software version 24 with a significance level of less than 5%. RESULTS The final version of the scale had 39 questions in eight dimensions. The overall Cronbach's alpha value was 0.89, and for each dimension, it was more than 0.7. The content validity ratio and content validity index for the whole tool were 0.87 and 0.94, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the latent construct model had good fit (X2/df = 4.31; RMSEA = 0.07; CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.91, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, a valid and reliable tool based on PMT to predict smoking behavior in students was introduced. This tool can be used in interventional and etiological studies. It also has questions related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19) virus and can be used in the coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salime Zare Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran
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20
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Deesua A, Kaewpan W, Kalampakorn S, Sillabutra J. Factors associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors among taxi drivers in Bangkok. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1049877. [PMID: 36778570 PMCID: PMC9911527 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1049877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This paper aimed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors among taxi drivers in Bangkok. Methods This cross-sectional study included 401 taxi drivers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The association between predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors with COVID-19 preventive behaviors was analyzed by using analysis of variance and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors in predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors of taxi drivers. Results The present findings revealed that income adequacy, support from family, co-workers, and healthcare professionals, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and health motivation, accessibility to personal protective equipment for COVID-19 and preventative measures against COVID-19 from other agencies were associated with good COVID-19 preventive behaviors among taxi-driver in Bangkok during COVID-19 pandemic (R 2 = 0.349, p = 0.008). The model could predict 34.9% of variance in COVID-19 preventative behavior among taxi drivers. Conclusion Taxi drivers should be encouraged to engage in appropriate preventive behaviors against COVID-19, emphasizing the individual and organizational levels. There should be a policy by organizations to promote the implementation of COVID-19 safety control standards to ensure safe working conditions. In addition, appropriate welfare benefits should be provided for taxi drivers, such as loans, personal protective equipment, and access to health services to improve COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornrat Deesua
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wonpen Kaewpan
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Wonpen Kaewpan ✉
| | - Surintorn Kalampakorn
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutatip Sillabutra
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Oyetunji TP, Ogunmola OA, Oyelakin TT, Olorunsogbon OF, Ajayi FO. COVID-19-related risk perception, anxiety and protective behaviours among Nigerian adults: a cross-sectional study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 31:479-487. [PMID: 33728257 PMCID: PMC7950426 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Pandemics such as the current COVID-19 pandemic are often associated with heightened fear and significant adjustments in health behaviours. Aim This study aimed to assess perceived risk, anxiety and protective behaviours of the general public during the early phase of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria. Methods An online cross-sectional study among 1197 respondents aged 18 years and above between 27 April to 16 May 2020. Result More than half (61.9%) of the respondents had high risk perception towards COVID-19, and high anxiety level was found in 37.2%. Male gender, being a Christian, having more than 12 years of formal education and high risk perception were positively associated with observance of more than one protective measure against COVID-19. The predictors of COVID-19-related anxiety were high risk perception and being a Muslim. Conclusions This study showed that risk perception has an influence on both anxiety and observance of protective behaviours. Being a novel experience, this research has implications to support current and future responses to a pandemic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Philip Oyetunji
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Ayomikun Ogunmola
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Tomiwa Oyelakin
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olorunyomi Felix Olorunsogbon
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Foluso O. Ajayi
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Neştian ȘA, Tiţă SM, Turnea ES, Stanciu O, Poroch V. Exposure risk management: Personal protective equipment and the risk of accidents occurring during aerosol generating procedures applied to COVID-19 patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282673. [PMID: 36881601 PMCID: PMC9990922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is considered to be very contagious as it can be spread through multiple ways. Therefore, exposure risk of healthcare workers (HCWs) treating COVID-19 patients is a highly salient topic in exposure risk management. From a managerial perspective, wearing personal protective equipment and the risk of accidents occurring during aerosol generating procedures applied to COVID-19 patients are two interconnected issues encountered in all COVID-19 hospitals. OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to understand the realistic impact of exposure risk management on HCWs exposed to risks of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in a healthcare unit. In particular, this study discusses the role of personal protective equipment (PPEs) used in aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) to protect HCWs, and the related risk of accidents occurring when performing AGPs. METHODOLOGY This is a cross-sectional single-hospital study conducted at the "Sf. Ioan cel Nou" Hospital in Suceava, Romania, that had to ensure safety of healthcare workers (HCWs) getting in contact with COVID-19 cases. Data used in the study were collected between 10.12.2020-19.03.2021 by means of a questionnaire that collected information on risk assessment and healthcare workers' exposure management, and which was translated and adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) and applied to respondents online. For this purpose, ethical approval was obtained, doctors and nurses from all hospital departments being invited to complete the questionnaire. Data processing, as well as descriptive, correlation and regression analyses have been done by using the 21.0 version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. RESULTS Most of the 312 HCWs reported having always used disposable gloves (98.13%), medical masks N95 (or equivalent) (92.86%), visors or googles (91.19%), disposable coverall (91.25%) and footwear protection (95.00%) during AGPs. The waterproof apron had always been worn only by 40% of the respondents, and almost 30% of staff had not used it at all during AGPs. Over the last three months, the period when the questionnaire was completed, 28 accidents were reported while performing AGPs: 11 accidents with splashing of biological fluids/ respiratory secretions in the eyes, 11 with splashing of biological fluids/ respiratory secretions on the non-idemn skin, 3 with splashing of biological fluids/ respiratory secretions in the oral/ nasal mucosa and 3 with puncture/ sting with any material contaminated with biological fluids/ respiratory secretions. Also, 84.29% of respondents declared having changed their routine, at least, moderately due to COVID-19. CONCLUSION An effective risk exposure management is based on wearing protective equipment. The only protection offered by the disposable coverall, as it results from our analysis, is related to splashing of biological fluids/ respiratory secretions on the non-idemn skin. In addition, the results show that the number of accidents should decrease due to the fact that disposable gloves and footwear protection are used while performing AGPs on patients with COVID-19 and hand hygiene is practised before and after touching a patient with COVID-19 (regardless of glove wearing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan Andrei Neştian
- Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Silviu-Mihail Tiţă
- Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Elena-Sabina Turnea
- Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Iași, Romania
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Oana Stanciu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University “Stefan cel Mare”, Suceava, Romania
| | - Vladimir Poroch
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
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Zhang D, Su F, Meng X, Zhang Z. Impact of media trust and personal epidemic experience on epidemic prevention behaviors in the context of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study based on protection motivation theory. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1137692. [PMID: 37124803 PMCID: PMC10133695 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1137692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to elucidate the impact of media trust on epidemic prevention motivation and behaviors based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and to evaluate the moderation effect of personal epidemic experience, which focused on the differences in two groups with or without epidemic experience. Methods The exogenous constructs and PMT model and scale were constructed through literature analysis, and a web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 428 individuals aged above 18 years in China. Statistical analysis and hypothesis testing were performed in SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 3. Results Traditional media trust accounted for the largest weight in media trust (w = 0.492, p-value < 0.001), followed by social media (w = 0.463, p-value < 0.001), and interpersonal communication (w = 0.290, p-value < 0.001). Media trust was positively and significantly related to both threat appraisal (β = 0.210, p-value < 0.001) and coping appraisal (β = 0.260, p-value < 0.001). Threat appraisal (β = 0.105, p-value < 0.05) and coping appraisal (β = 0.545, p-value < 0.001) were positively and significantly related to epidemic prevention motivation, which positively and significantly related to epidemic prevention behaviors (β = 0.492, p-value < 0.001). The R2 values of epidemic prevention motivation and behavior are 0.350 and 0.240, respectively, indicating an acceptable explanation. Multiple-group analysis revealed five significant differences in paths between the two groups, indicating personal epidemic experience acting as a slight moderator on these paths. Conclusion Traditional media trust and social media trust were the important elements in COVID-19 prevention and control, and public health departments and governments should ensure the accuracy and reliability of information from traditional and social media. Simultaneously, the media should balance threat information and efficacy information in order to generate the public's prevention motivation and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Pharmaceutical Economic Management Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Institute of Health Development, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fan Su
- College of Humanities and Management, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Meng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Pharmaceutical Economic Management Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Institute of Health Development, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- School of Accounting, Dianchi College of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixin Zhang,
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Eseyneh T, Wondiye H, Fentaw Z, Eseyneh N, Bogale EK, Gutema H. Behavioral responses for facemask use messages to prevent COVID-19 among residents of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: an application of extended parallel process model. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2409. [PMID: 36550488 PMCID: PMC9773474 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes major morbidity and mortality in the world. Timely behavioral response assessment of the community is important to shape the next effective interventions and risk communication strategies to adopt preventive behavior. Hence, this study aimed to assess behavioral responses for facemask-use messages to prevent COVID-19 and its predictors among residents of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia, 2021 by using the Extended Parallel Process Model. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with the guide of the Extended Parallel Process Model in Bahir Dar city from March 9 to April 9, 2021. A multistage sampling technique was used, and data was collected through a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire using Epicollect5. Descriptive statistics and Binary logistic regression were computed using SPSS V.25. Variable with P < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis was a candidate for multivariable analysis to control confounding effect. In multivariable analysis, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and the result was presented using an adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 616 participants with a response rate of 97.1% were included. Of the total participants, 229(37.2%) were in the danger control response. The behavioral response was affected by Occupational status [AOR (95%CI) 3.53(1.67-7.46)], the number of people living together [AOR (95%CI) 2.62(1.28-5.39)], self-control [AOR (95%CI) 1.14(1.05-1.25)], a friend for the preferred source of information [AOR (95%CI) 5.18(3.22-8.33)] and printed materials for the preferred channel [AOR (95%CI) 2.14(1.35-3.43)]. CONCLUSION Above one-third of the participants were in the danger control response. Occupational status, number of people living together, self-control, a friend for the preferred source of information, and printed materials for the preferred channel were independent predictors of resident behavioral response to the use of facemasks. Policymakers should consider students and people who live alone. Message developers should use a friendly person to transmit messages and should prepare printed materials. Activities and strategies should also focus on self-control and perceived efficacy without ignoring the perceived threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenagnework Eseyneh
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Wondiye
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Zinabu Fentaw
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Netsanet Eseyneh
- Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Eyob Ketema Bogale
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hordofa Gutema
- grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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COVID-19 Protective Behaviors of Iranian Healthcare Workers: A Psychological Theoretical Design Analysis. HEALTH SCOPE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 protective behaviors of Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs) using an extended parallel process model (EPPM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online on a convenience sample of 418 Iranian HCWs in 2020. Data were gathered using a standardized electronic questionnaire published on the Porsline website, designed based on the EPPM, to assess the relationships between different constructs of EPPM and COVID-19 protective behaviors. For data analysis, statistical tests, such as descriptive tests, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation test, and multiple regression analysis, were performed in SPSS version 18. Results: Most participants (40.4%) were in the age group of 30-40 years, and most were female (70.6%). Significant associations were found between COVID-19 protective behaviors and EPPM constructs of perceived self-efficacy (r = 0.373, P = 0.000), perceived response efficacy (r = 0.120, P = 0.014), and intention (r = 0.462, P = 0.000). Perceived self-efficacy (P = 0.000, beta = 0.398) and behavioral intention (P = 0.000; Beta = 0.283) were predictors of protective behaviors. Also, 34.4% of the HCWs were involved in the danger control process. Conclusions: Only one-third of the HCWs contributed to the process of COVID-19 danger control. The HCWs' motivation for protection against COVID-19 depended on their perception of self-efficacy and their perceived efficacy of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The present results can be used to design and implement training programs to improve the protective behaviors of HCWs.
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Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk K, Teleszewski TJ. Experimental studies of carbon dioxide concentration in the space under the face mask protecting against Covid-19 - Pilot studies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:1111-1119. [PMID: 35812773 PMCID: PMC9258009 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Masks are the primary tool used to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the current pandemic. The use of masks may result in some discomfort, which may be caused by the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the inner space of the mask. This paper presents tests of carbon dioxide concentration in the inner space of the mask during work at a computer, for various flat and convex masks. Five different masks were used in the tests. Convex masks showed a greater accumulation of carbon dioxide than flat masks. The concentration of carbon dioxide was also higher for masks made of more layers. The dependence of the average values of carbon dioxide concentrations under the masks for selected people depending on the BMI and the type of mask was determined, as well as the measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations without the mask. An increase in carbon dioxide concentration was observed with increasing BMI. The development of effective self-defense tools against the virus, including masks, is essential to contain the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 166 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of HVAC Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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Grano C, Singh Solorzano C, Di Pucchio A. Predictors of protective behaviours during the Italian Covid-19 pandemic: an application of protection motivation theory. Psychol Health 2022; 37:1584-1604. [PMID: 35459428 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2062355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated whether Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) constructs predicted recommended protective behaviours soon after the Italian lockdown and 1-year later. DESIGN A three-wave longitudinal design was used. Three-hundred-fifty-two adults completed online questionnaires with PMT and intention measures assessed during the Italian lockdown (T1), and behaviour measures assessed after 1-month (T2) and 1-year (T3). OUTCOME MEASURES Intentions to adopt behaviours (T1) and behaviour adherence at T2 and T3. RESULTS From T2 to T3, participants reported less adoption of distance behaviours, but higher face masks use. In SEM models, self-efficacy and perceived severity were the strongest predictors of intentions to engage in protective behaviours. Intentions (β = 0.490, p < 0.001) and fear arousal (β = 0.134 p = 0.035) predicted protective behaviours at T2. Intentions (β = 0.302, p = 0.001) and perceived severity (β = 0.431, p < 0.001) predicted protective behaviours at T3. CONCLUSION To increase intentions, intervention should highlight the severity of getting infected and target perceptions of one's ability to perform the protective behaviours. In addition, interventions should consider that at the beginning of the pandemic, fear predicted the adoption of preventive behaviours while perceived severity of the disease had a greater impact over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Toghanian R, Ghasemi S, Hosseini M, Nasiri M. Protection Behaviors and Related Factors Against COVID-19 in the Healthcare Workers of the Hospitals in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2022; 27:587-592. [PMID: 36712308 PMCID: PMC9881561 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_430_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Protective behaviors play a key role in reducing the incidence of COVID-19 in HealthCare Workers (HCWs), and these behaviors are related to other factors. These related factors have not been comprehensively evaluated and determined in the literature. This study aimed to determine protection behaviors against COVID-19 and their related factors using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) among HCWs of hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. Materials and Methods For this cross-sectional study, 270 HCWs of different wards in 3 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were selected through multistage sampling (April to July 2021). The participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire which consisted of a demographic characteristics form and questions about protective behaviors against COVID-19 and other constructs of the PMT (60 items). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential methods. Results The mean score of the protective behaviors of the HCWs was 4.20 (SD = 0.56) and was significantly higher in the nurses, women, married individuals, and those with a BSc degree compared with others (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that protection behavior among HCWs could be strongly predicted by the type of profession, protection motivation/intention, and self-efficacy constructs (F14, 255 = 16.34, p < 0.001). Conclusions The protection behaviors of HCWs against COVID-19 were relatively desirable and these behaviors were related to and predicted by various factors. These results could apply to developing plans for protective behaviors against COVID-19 and possibly other infectious diseases among HCWs. Further research in this regard is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Toghanian
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Saeed Ghasemi, Vali Asr Ave., Niayesh Cross Road, Niayesh Educational Complex, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Meimanat Hosseini
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayed SH, Al-Mohaithef M, Elgzar WT. Effect of Digital-Based Self-Learned Educational Intervention about COVID-19 Using Protection Motivation Theory on Non-Health Students' Knowledge and Self-Protective Behaviors at Saudi Electronic University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14626. [PMID: 36429344 PMCID: PMC9690823 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disastrous impacts that impose the cultivation of knowledge and motivation of self-protection to foster disease containment. AIM Evaluate the effect of digital self-learned educational intervention about COVID-19 using the protection motivation theory (PMT) on non-health students' knowledge and self-protective behaviors at Saudi Electronic University (SEU). METHODS A quasi-experimental study was accomplished at three randomly chosen branches of SEU (Riyadh, Dammam, Jeddah) using a multistage sampling technique to conveniently select 219 students. An electronic self-administered questionnaire was used, which included three scales for assessing the students' knowledge, self-protective behaviors, and the constructs of the PMT. The educational intervention was designed using four stages: need assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. A peer-reviewed digital educational content was developed after assessing the participants' educational needs using the pretest. Then, distributed through their university emails. A weekly synchronous Zoom cloud meeting and daily key health messages were shared with them. Finally, the post-test was conducted after two months. RESULTS The mean participants' age (SD) among the experimental group was 28.94 (6.719), and the control group was 27.80 (7.256), with a high female percentage (63.4%, 73.8%) and a previous history of direct contact with verified COVID-19 patients (78.6%, 69.2%), respectively. A significant positive mean change (p = 0.000) was detected in the total COVID-19 knowledge of the experimental group post-intervention, either when it was adjusted for the covariates effect of the control group (F1 = 630.547) or the pretest (F1 = 8.585) with a large effect size (η2 = 0.745, η2 = 0.268, respectively). The same was proved by the ANCOVA test for the total self-protective behaviors either when it adjusted for the covariates effect of the control group (F1 = 66.671, p = 0.000) or the pretest (F1 = 5.873, p = 0.020) with a large effect size (η2 = 0.236, η2 = 0.164, respectively). The ANCOVA test proved that post-intervention, all the PMT constructs (perceived threats, reward appraisal, efficacy appraisal, response cost, and protection intention) and the total PMT score were significantly improved (p = 0.000) among the experimental group either when adjusted for the covariates effect of the control group (F1 = 83.835) or the pretest (F1 = 11.658) with a large effect size (η2 = 0.280, η2 = 0.561, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The digital PMT-based self-learned educational intervention effectively boosts non-health university students' COVID-19 knowledge, protection motivation, and self-protective behaviors. Thus, PMT is highly praised as a basis for COVID-19-related educational intervention and, on similar occasions, future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Hamdi Sayed
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Damman 34223, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al-Mohaithef
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Damman 34223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Taha Elgzar
- Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66271, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
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McClaran N, Rhodes N, Yao SX. Trust and Coping Beliefs Contribute to Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Intention. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1457-1464. [PMID: 35135397 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2035944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Racial disparities in intention to obtain the COVID-19 vaccination have been noted in academic and popular press reports. The present study sought to identify cognitive and affective factors that contribute to the observed lack of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, even before a vaccine was made publicly available, among Black and White Americans through a national survey (N = 487; 50.6% female, 24.8% Black). Our findings are consistent with previous studies that Black respondents had lower intention to obtain the eventual COVID-19 vaccine than White respondents. Protection motivation theory's construct of coping efficacy and an additional COVID-19-relevant variable, trust in vaccination, mediated the effect of race on behavioral intention. Lastly, beliefs were elicited from Black and White Americans to identify communication strategies regarding the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki McClaran
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University
| | - Nancy Rhodes
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University
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Navabi ZS, Ahmadi A, Sabri MR, Kholenjani FB, Ghaderian M, Dehghan B, Mahdavi C. Factors associated with preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among children with congenital heart disease: Application of protection motivation theory. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:332. [PMID: 36568001 PMCID: PMC9768707 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1720_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the underlying medical conditions that put children at increased risk for coronavirus. This study aimed to predict preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among children with CHD based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to April 2021, on 240 children 3-7 years with CHD whose data had been registered in Persian Registry of Cardiovascular Disease/CHD (PROVE/CHD) System in Isfahan, Iran. The research variables were measured using an online researcher-made questionnaire that was based on PMT constructs. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests (e.g., Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis). RESULTS From a total of 240 participants (mean age of 4.81 ± 1.50) in the present study, 122 (50.8%) were girls. The most common types of CHD among children participating in this study were related to atrial septal defect (ASD) (29.2%, n = 70) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (26.7%, n = 64), respectively. Protective behaviors showed a significant correlation with all constructs of PMT. The PMT constructs explained 41.0% of the variances in protective behavior, in which the perceived reward (β = 0.325) and perceived self-efficacy (β = 0.192) was the most important, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed well the effectiveness of PMT on the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in children with CHD. This theory can be used to teach preventive behaviors of COVID-19 to children with CHD in education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Navabi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sabri
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bagheri Kholenjani
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghaderian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahar Dehghan
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Chehreh Mahdavi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Pang Z, Zhao C, Xue L. What drives people’s protective behaviors during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:781279. [PMID: 36337510 PMCID: PMC9634626 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.781279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically examined people’s protective behaviors against COVID-19 in China, and particular attention was given to people’s perceived threat and information-processing strategies. This study constructed a conceptual model and used structural equation modeling to explore this issue, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data involving 4,605 participants during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The results showed that people’s initial information acquisition played an essential role in their behavioral responses; acquiring more initial information about COVID-19 would make them perceive a higher threat and present a higher demand for information, then making them more likely to seek and process information, and subsequently motivating their protective behaviors. In addition to increasing people’s information needs, the perceived threat could also strengthen the analytical assessment and affect protective behavior positively but failed to predict the experiential assessment. Driven by information need, information seeking significantly influenced protective behavior; it also facilitated analytical assessment and decreased experiential assessment, thus predicting people’s protective behaviors. Protective behaviors were spurred by analytical assessment but negatively influenced by the experiential assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjing Pang
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Zhao
- Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ce Zhao,
| | - Lan Xue
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Khorsand F, Barati M, Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Khazaei S. Factors Affecting Prevention Behaviors Against Covid-19 Infection Among Iranian Pregnant Women: Application of Protection Motivation Theory. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2022; 48:386-392. [PMID: 37304803 PMCID: PMC10248494 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.48.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considering the epidemic of corona disease in the world and the importance of paying attention to pregnant women as one of the most important vulnerable groups, it is felt necessary to conduct studies and properly teach them preventive behaviors. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors influencing the prevention of covid-19, based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), among pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2020 with the participation of 231 pregnant women who referred to the comprehensive health service centers of Langrod city, who were selected by simple random sampling. The tool of data collection was a questionnaire consisting of two sections of demographic information and PMT constructs. According to the results, 10.32% reported a history of Covid-19 infection. Carrying out protective behaviors, such as using a mask (94.4 percent), washing hands frequently with soap and water (88.8 percent), maintaining a distance of at least one and a half meters from other people (84.5 percent) in a favorable position and avoiding. The participation in the periods (71.4 percent) was relatively favorable. The result of linear regression analysis showed that perceived self-efficacy (β=0.450) and perceived response effectiveness (β=0.305) were predictors of protective motivation or intention to perform protective behaviors against Covid-19. Also, 66.7% of women were on the path of perceived risk. The PMT can be used as a framework in designing educational programs in order to perform preventive behaviors against infectious diseases such as Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Khorsand
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Ensieh Jenabi
- Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
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Understanding Combined Health and Business Risk Behaviour: Small Tourism Firm Owners Reopening Amid COVID-19 in Pingyao, China. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12100358. [PMID: 36285927 PMCID: PMC9598443 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the psychological factors affecting small tourism firm (STF) owners’ decision making about reopening businesses in the midst of COVID-19 based on protection motivation theory and the theory of planned behaviour. The data were collected from a sample of 300 STFs in the Ancient City of Pingyao when the lockdown policy was lifted in China. A symmetric approach, i.e., partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS–SEM), and an asymmetric model, i.e., a fuzzy set/qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), were used to analyse the net effect of the psychological determinants and correlations between the variables leading to high and low behavioural intentions to reopen businesses. The results indicate that social norms and perceived business uncertainty were the critical factors influencing the intention to reopen. The pathway (low perceived risk of infection, low perceived business uncertainty, high reward, high response efficacy, high self-efficacy, high attitude, and high subjective norm) was only one configuration for a high intention to reopen. The study results are discussed based on dual-process theory, and practical implications are offered to guide STF recovery amid COVID-19.
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Rezaei M, Gilan NR, Almasi A, Khezeli M, Nazar FJ, Shushtari ZJ, Salimi Y, Najafi F, Sarabi N, Saeidi S, Saeidi S. The role of risk perception, risk communication, and demographic factors in COVID-19 preventive behaviors: an online survey in Iran. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:282-289. [PMID: 36097750 PMCID: PMC9468687 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in a Kurdish Iranian sample. Methods This online survey was conducted among the population aged 18 and above in Kermanshah Province, in western Iran, in April 2020. Samples were invited and recruited through social media. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (questions on demographic variables, risk perception, risk communication, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and analyzed using Stata ver. 8. Results The Pearson correlation test showed that risk communication was significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r=0.320, p<0.01). In the final model, where the explanatory power increased with the entry of the risk communication variable, the variables explained a total of 14% of variance in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Sex (β=−0.482), risk perception (β=0.047), and risk communication (β=0.662) were significant determinants. Conclusion Risk communication and risk perception related to COVID-19, as well as being a woman, were determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
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Lee E, Kim JY, Kim J, Koo C. Information Privacy Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on the Restaurant Context. INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION 2022; 25:1-17. [PMID: 36000075 PMCID: PMC9388979 DOI: 10.1007/s10796-022-10321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of personal information has been generally accepted in the pandemic situation as an effective measure to prevent infection, while at the same time raising concerns regarding the infringement of personal privacy. The current study aimed to propose and empirically test a research model for restaurant customers on the disclosure of personal information in a pandemic situation. Privacy calculus theory and institutional theory were applied to theoretically explain the drivers/inhibitors and behavioral responses that affect disclosure of personal information. We verified that the most influential factor on intention to disclose was "perceived benefit", followed by "government pressure" as another strong predictor. We present theoretical and practical implications for restaurant managers and policy agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Lee
- Smart Tourism Education Platform (STEP), Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dearo 26, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-young Kim
- Smart Tourism Education Platform (STEP), Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dearo 26, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junchul Kim
- Brunel Business School, Brunel University London, UB8 3PH London, Uxbridge UK
| | - Chulmo Koo
- Smart Tourism Education Platform (STEP), Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dearo 26, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Factors Affecting Perceived Effectiveness of Government Response towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081483. [PMID: 36011139 PMCID: PMC9407988 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused several developing countries to fall behind on vaccination at the onset of the pandemic, thus affecting the mobility of easing restrictions and lowering virus transmission. The current study integrated the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and extended the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to evaluate factors affecting the perceived effectiveness of government response towards COVID-19 vaccination in Occidental Mindoro. A total of 400 respondents from the municipalities of Occidental Mindoro answered the online questionnaires, which contained 61 questions. This study outlined the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination had significant direct effects on its perceived severity. Subjective standards had significant adverse effects on willingness to follow. In addition, perceived behavioral control was discovered to impact willingness to follow positively. It also showed that perceived government response was significantly affected by adaptive behavior and actual behavior regarding the perceived government response. Meanwhile, it was found that the perceived government response had significant effects on perceived effectiveness. The current study is one of the first to study the factors that affect the perceived effectiveness of government response toward COVID- 19 vaccination.
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Acar D, Kıcali ÜÖ. An Integrated Approach to COVID-19 Preventive Behaviour Intentions: Protection Motivation Theory, Information Acquisition, and Trust. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:419-434. [PMID: 34962187 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.2018082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been a global threat since November 2019 due to its high transmission rates and the issue of unwillingness to vaccinate. Effective risk management requires accurate health communication and public compliance with reccomended preventive behaviors. Therefore, we investigated predictors of COVID-19 preventive behavior intention based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in addition to frequency of public's use of and trust in a group of COVID-19 related information sources. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 458 adults in Turkey with online survey. Results showed that all PMT components (except perceived susceptibility) accounted for 49% of the variance in protection motivation and there was relationship between information sources and protection motivation. Overall, our study findings suggested that being more informed and having confidence in the feasibility (self-efficacy) and effectiveness (response efficacy) of preventive behaviors may particularly help slow the disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Acar
- Psychology Department, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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Xu T, Wu X. Risk Perception, Media, and Ordinary People’s Intention to Engage in Self-Protective Behaviors in the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1459-1471. [PMID: 35923555 PMCID: PMC9342871 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s374889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine how risk perception is associated with engagement in preventative behaviors and testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in February 2020, eventually obtaining 1613 participants, participants’risk perceptions, demographics (sex, age, education level, marital status, and employment status), as well as their engagement in self-protective behaviors and testing were assessed. Results Risk perception significantly affected intention to engage in self-protective behaviors, the more risk people feel, the more likely they intend to take self-protective actions(β =0.0423; P < 0.01), and simultaneously, people obtaining information on COVID-19 from Official microblogs and public accounts(OMPA) (β =0.189; P < 0.01)and Online websites(OW) (β =0.143; P < 0.1)were more inclined to take self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also showed that the interaction of risk perception and Online websites negatively affected the intention to engage in self-protective behaviors(β = −0.0374; P < 0.05), and conversely, the interaction of risk perception and Overseas media(OM) positively affected self-protective intention(β = 0.0423; P < 0.1). Conclusion There was a close relationship between the risk perception and the intention to engage in self-protective behaviors. At the same time, the use of media not only directly affected the intention to engage in self-protective behaviors but also moderated the impact of risk perception on the self-protection intention. Specifically, official media directly strengthened the intention to engage in self-protective behaviors. Online websites not only directly affected self-protection intention but also moderated the effect of risk perception on it. Although overseas media had no direct effect on self-protection intention, they moderated the effect of risk perception on it. These conclusions have policy implications for governments’ response to the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- College of Law and Political Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Xu, College of Law and Political Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- College of Law and Political Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People’s Republic of China
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Gherman MA, Arhiri L, Holman AC, Soponaru C. The Moral Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nurses’ Burnout, Work Satisfaction and Adaptive Work Performance: The Role of Autobiographical Memories of Potentially Morally Injurious Events and Basic Psychological Needs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137645. [PMID: 35805304 PMCID: PMC9266140 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented exposure to Potentially Morally Injurious Events (PMIEs) for nurses, in which they were both moral transgressors and moral victims, with deleterious consequences on their psycho-social health and functioning. Our experimental design compared memories of PMIEs with memories of severe moral transgressions (SMTs), in which participants were only moral transgressors. Drawing from Self-Determination Theory and research on moral auto-biographical episodic memories, we assessed a conceptual model describing the impact of recalling a single PMIE or SMT event on nurses’ burnout, work satisfaction and adaptive performance. Our convenience sample comprised 614 Romanian nurses, and data was analyzed with path analysis, general linear modelling, and t-tests. Findings showed that memories of PMIEs, compared to SMTs, were more autonomy thwarting, being associated with more controlled work motivation, less moral learning, higher burnout, less work satisfaction, and adaptive performance. Burnout, moral learning, and work satisfaction were significant mediators of the relationships between PMIE and SMT recall and, respectively, adaptive performance. Our results highlight the urgency for organizational practices of moral repair for nurses after the pandemic, along with interventions meant to increase their autonomy and self-determined work motivation.
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He M, Chen JH, Wu AMS, Tong KK. Intention to maintain and willingness to stop: Applying a dual-process model to understanding the maintenance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 15:315-336. [PMID: 35691935 PMCID: PMC9349392 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventive behaviors have played an essential role in coping with COVID-19 and may continue to exerting a crucial impact on pandemic control in the future. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of social-cognitive factors on maintenance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors based on a dual-process model, which encompasses a reasoned path via the intention to maintain and a social reaction path via the willingness to stop. We collected a probability sample of 472 community-dwelling adults. Social-cognitive factors, behavioral tendencies, and preventive behaviors of COVID-19 were measured. The results supported that the dual-process framework could account for individual differences in preventive behaviors. Self-efficacy and response cost significantly explained the intention to maintain preventive behaviors, while favorability of risk image and subjective norm significantly explained the willingness to stop preventive behaviors. Our findings proposed strategies for promoting individuals' maintenance of preventive behaviors during a pandemic. The development of prevention policies may focus on two paths: strengthening the intended path by enhancing self-efficacy and decreasing response cost of preventive behaviors and monitoring and improving social influences, such as risk prototype and subjective norm, which can reduce the willingness to stop preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of MacauMacaoChina
| | - Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of MacauMacaoChina,Centre for Cognitive and Brain SciencesUniversity of MacauMacaoChina
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of MacauMacaoChina,Centre for Cognitive and Brain SciencesUniversity of MacauMacaoChina
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of MacauMacaoChina
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Ravaghi H, Naidoo V, Mataria A, Khalil M. Hospitals early challenges and interventions combatting COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268386. [PMID: 35657795 PMCID: PMC9165776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During rapidly evolving outbreaks, health services and essential medical care are interrupted as facilities have become overwhelmed responding to COVID-19. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), more than half of countries are affected by emergencies, hospitals face complex challenges as they respond to humanitarian crises, maintain essential services, and fight the pandemic. While hospitals in the EMR have adapted to combat COVID-19, evidence-based and context-specific recommendations are needed to guide policymakers and hospital managers on best practices to strengthen hospitals’ readiness, limit the impact of the pandemic, and create lasting hospital sector improvements towards recovery and resilience. Aim Guided by the WHO/EMR’s “Hospital readiness checklist for COVID-19”, this study presents the experiences of EMR hospitals in combatting COVID-19 across the 22 EMR countries, including their challenges and interventions across the checklist domains, to inform improvements to pandemic preparedness, response, policy, and practice. Methods To collect in-depth and comprehensive information on hospital experiences, qualitative and descriptive quantitative data was collected between May-October 2020. To increase breadth of responses, this comprehensive qualitative study triangulated findings from a regional literature review with the findings of an open-ended online survey (n = 139), and virtual in-depth key informant interviews with 46 policymakers and hospital managers from 18 out of 22 EMR countries. Purposeful sampling supported by snowballing was used and continued until reaching data saturation, measures were taken to increase the trustworthiness of the results. Led by the checklist domains, qualitative data was thematically analyzed using MAXQDA. Findings Hospitals faced continuously changing challenges and needed to adapt to maintain operations and provide essential services. This thematic analysis revealed major themes for the challenges and interventions utilized by hospitals for each of hospital readiness domains: Preparedness, Leadership, Operational support, logistics, supply management, Communications and Information, Human Resources, Continuity of Essential Services and Surge Capacity, Rapid Identification and Diagnosis, Isolation and Case Management, and Infection, Prevention and Control. Conclusion Hospitals are the backbone of COVID-19 response, and their resilience is essential for achieving universal health coverage. Multi-pronged (across each of the hospitals readiness domains) and multi-level policies are required to strengthen hospitals resilience and prepare health systems for future outbreaks and shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ravaghi
- Universal Health Coverage and Health Systems Department, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vanessa Naidoo
- Division of Emergency Medicine at the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Awad Mataria
- Universal Health Coverage and Health Systems Department, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Merette Khalil
- Universal Health Coverage and Health Systems Department, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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Herbas-Torrico BC, Frank B. Explaining interpersonal differences in COVID-19 disease prevention behavior based on the health belief model and collective resilience theory: a cross-sectional study from Bolivia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1077. [PMID: 35641948 PMCID: PMC9153240 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Governments have attempted to combat the COVID-19 pandemic by issuing guidelines for disease prevention behavior (e.g., wearing masks, social distancing, etc.) and by enforcing these guidelines. However, while some citizens have complied with these guidelines, others have ignored them or have even participated in large-scale protests. This research aims both to understand the causes of such variation in citizens’ adherence to government guidelines on disease prevention behavior and to extend the scientific literature on disease prevention to account for the collective resilience of a society to diseases. Thus, this research draws on the health belief model and collective resilience theory to develop hypotheses about the determinants of a citizen’s disease prevention behavior. These hypotheses deal with how citizens’ vulnerability, attitudes toward disease prevention, and social orientation are associated with COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Methods From March 24 to April 4, 2020, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Bolivia. It included questions on demographic characteristics, chronic health problems, emotional burden, attitudes towards preventive behaviors, trust in public institutions, and culture. Among 5265 participants who clicked on the survey, 1857 at least partially filled it out. After removing data with missing responses to any variable, the final sample consists of 1231 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Results Regarding a citizen’s vulnerability, chronic health problems have a U-shaped association with disease prevention behavior. Moreover, age, female gender, and worries have positive associations with disease prevention behavior, whereas depression showed a negative association. Regarding attitudes toward disease prevention, trust in public institutions, and attitudes toward social distancing, a government-imposed lockdown and the enforcement of this lockdown showed positive associations with disease prevention behavior. Regarding social orientation, individualism and collectivism both have positive relationships with disease prevention behavior. Conclusions In the COVID-19 pandemic, a citizen’s low vulnerability, weak social orientation, and beliefs about low benefits of disease prevention behavior are associated with poor compliance with guidelines on disease prevention behavior. More research on these associations would help generalize these findings to other populations and other public health crises. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13068-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Christian Herbas-Torrico
- Exact Sciences and Engineering Research Center (CICEI), Bolivian Catholic University San Pablo, M. Marquez Street and Jorge Trigo Andia Park - Tupuraya, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Björn Frank
- Faculty of Commerce, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
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Maasoumi R, Kazemi S, Haghani S, Zarei F. Motivation for protection in sexual relationship during the COVID-19 quarantine: analysis of the sociodemographic variables of the Iranian population. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1052. [PMID: 35619130 PMCID: PMC9133316 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus is an infectious disease that has affected sexual life. Sexual activity has decreased for many people, and couples' physical contact has reduced. The present study aimed to determine the sexual relationship of Iranian people and related factors during the Corona home quarantine by focusing on all constructs of the protective motivation theory. Methods This cross-sectional online survey was conducted on Iranian people under in-home quarantine from July to December 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic. Seven hundred sixteen people were selected by the convenience sampling method. The data was gathered by an ad-hoc tool consisting of demographic information and sexual relationship regarding protection motivation behavior in the Covid-19 pandemic. Participants should be able to complete the online questionnaire because the questionnaires were completed online. One-way ANOVA, independent T, and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the data in SPSS 16 software. Results Findings indicate the average age of the participants was 37.78 + 8.34 years. Most of them were women (%85.1), married (%91.3) and had a university education (%90.2). In addition, %42.5% of participants had Full-time jobs and %34.2 lived in Tehran. 49.9% obtained information about corona from TV. 63.3% of the participants and their spouses did not catch Covid-19. Employment status was the only variable that was significantly different from sexual relationships regarding protection motivation (p = 0.031). Perceived response efficiency with an average of 79.12 had the highest, and perceived self-efficacy with an average of 69.92 had the lowest mean score among the areas of sexual relationship. Among the protection motivation domains of sexual behavior that all had significant correlations, there was no significant correlation between perceived severity and perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.067). Conclusion and implication Perceived vulnerability is associated with employment status, place of residence, and age. Sexual relationships regarding protection motivations are only associated with employment status. Overall, participants in the present study reported high levels of perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived response efficiency, and perceived costs Therefore, they reported a high level of motivation for protective and preventive behaviors in their sexual relationship. Our findings suggest that future interventions should focus on general cognition by developing appropriate knowledge about the severity and vulnerability of Covid-19 and sexual behaviors, improving perceived response efficiency, and self-efficacy of protective behavior through skills training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Maasoumi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kazemi
- Department of Health Education & Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Haghani
- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Department of Health Education & Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran.
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Yaghoubi Farani A, Sepahvand F, Gholamrezai S, Azadi H, Nazemi N. Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Micro and Small Enterprises: Evidence From Rural Areas of Iran. Front Public Health 2022; 10:844825. [PMID: 35719661 PMCID: PMC9204275 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.844825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis has caused a great deal of social and economic damages to micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs). This research examined the most common damages of this crisis in active and inactive rural MSEs and also assessed different kind of responses the managers and owners of theses MSEs have received dealing with these damages. The sample population of this study consisted of all managers of 72 active and 38 closed rural MSEs in the Dastjerd village, Hamedan, Iran. These MSEs were mainly garment small factories. This research utilized a mixed approach (quantitative-qualitative) to study the research objectives in depth. First, in qualitative part, semi-constructed interviews and field visits were done. Then, using quantitative, results of the qualitative section, previous studies and the existing literature, a researcher-made questionnaire was created. Based on qualitative part information through interviews, damages of rural MSEs during COVID-19 pandemic were categorized into three classes, including damages related to production, and financial and marketing issues. Also, two categories of managers' responses that could be labeled as passive and adaptive behavior were identified. Findings showed that active rural MSEs have taken more adaptive measures and tried to find appropriate ways to reduce or overcome damages. Active MSEs were mainly owned and managed collaboratively by more literate and experienced managers. Also results revealed that rural MSEs' managers reacted to different kinds of damages based on their ability, knowledge, and experience. Based on research results, managers' knowledge and skills can help them find more adaptive solutions to keep the firms stable and overcome damages. It can be concluded that COVID-19 pandemic has a great impact on rural MSEs and they need more financial support and managerial advice to overcome this kind of crisis situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yaghoubi Farani
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Yaghoubi Farani
| | | | | | - Hossein Azadi
- Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Neda Nazemi
- Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Application of the protection motivation theory to understand determinants of compliance with the measure of banning gathering size >4 in all public areas for controlling COVID-19 in a Hong Kong Chinese adult general population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268336. [PMID: 35536833 PMCID: PMC9089903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Restriction of gathering size in all public areas is a newly and commonly exercised governmental social distancing policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its effectiveness depends on the general public’s compliance. This study applied the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to investigate determinants (i.e., perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived response efficacy, and perceived self-efficacy) of compliance with the social distancing policy of banning gathering of >4 people in all public areas (BG4PA) in the Hong Kong general adult population. Methods 300 participants were interviewed through a population-based telephone survey during April 21–28, 2020. Results The compliance rate of BG4PA was high (78%). Adjusted for the background factors, multiple linear regression analysis found that perceived response efficacy and perceived self-efficacy were significantly and positively associated with compliance with BG4PA (p<0.05), while the associations between perceived severity/perceived susceptibility and compliance were of marginal significance (0.05<p<0.10). A stepwise linear regression model considered four PMT constructs as candidates; its final model only selected self-efficacy but not the other three PMT constructs. Conclusions PMT can be applied to understand compliance with BG4PA. Perceived response efficacy and perceived self-efficacy were more influential than perceived severity and perceived susceptibility. Health promotion may focus on improving coping appraisal.
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Dempster M, O'Connell N, Graham CD, O'Connor C, Zgaga L, Burke E, Mather L, Nicolson G, Barry J, Scally G, Nolan A, Tobin K, Crowley P, Darker CD. Non-adherence to COVID-19 containment behaviours: results from an all-Ireland telephone survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:898. [PMID: 35513803 PMCID: PMC9070967 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 public health measures like handwashing and social distancing can help stem the spread of the virus. Adherence to guidelines varies between individuals. This study aims to identify predictors of non-adherence to social distancing and handwashing guidelines. METHODS A cross-sectional weekly telephone survey was conducted over eight weeks (11/06/2020-05/08/2020). The sample included adults resident on the island of Ireland (75:25 split between ROI and NI). Data were collected on demographics, threat perceptions, fear of COVID-19, response efficacy and self-efficacy, response cost and social norms, COVID-19 behaviours, mood, loneliness, and self-reported health. RESULTS 3011 participants were surveyed. Handwashing non-adherers were more likely to be male (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.4 - 11.3), to have higher levels of loneliness (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.1), and higher perceptions of handwashing costs (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.2 - 5.2). Those reporting rarely engaging in social distancing were more likely to be members of lower socioeconomic groups, to be younger (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 - 0.98), male (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.5), healthcare workers (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.4), to report lower mood (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.2), were less likely to live in households with people aged under-18 (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6 - 0.9), and to have lower fear of COVID-19 (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.6 - 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Non-adherers to handwashing differ to social distancing non-adherers. Public health messages should target specific demographic groups and different messages are necessary to improve adherence to each behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dempster
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK. .,Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland.
| | - Nicola O'Connell
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Christopher D Graham
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Cliodhna O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Emma Burke
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Luke Mather
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Gail Nicolson
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Joe Barry
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Scally
- School of Medicine, University of Bristol, Tyndall Venue, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Ann Nolan
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, 7-9 Leinster Street South, Dublin, D02 K104, Ireland
| | - Katy Tobin
- School of Medicine, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Philip Crowley
- Quality Improvement, Health Service Executive, Dr Steevens' Hospital, Dublin, D08 W2A8, Ireland
| | - Catherine D Darker
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland
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Jaber MJ, AlBashaireh AM, AlShatarat MH, Alqudah OM, Du Preez SE, AlGhamdi KS, AlTmaizy HM, Abo Dawass MA. Stress, Depression, Anxiety, and Burnout among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study in a Tertiary Centre. Open Nurs J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18744346-v16-e2203140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Healthcare workers have been known to suffer from depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues as a result of their profession. Healthcare professionals were already vulnerable to mental health issues prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, but now they are even more prone to stress and frustration.
Objective:
The study aimed to assess stress, depression, anxiety, and burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it assessed the relationship between stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, and COVID-19 related stress.
Methods:
A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlative design was adopted to assess stress, depression, anxiety, and burnout among healthcare workers and determine the relationship among these variables during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results:
The response rate was 87.6% (831 out of 949), the majority of the participants were nurses (87.4%), and 38.4% were working in inpatient settings. The means of COVID-19 related anxiety (17.38 ± 4.95) and burnout (20.16 ± 6.33) were high and tended to be in the upper portion of the total scores. Participants reported moderate to extremely severe levels of stress (26.5%), anxiety (55.8%), and depression (37.2%). Males reported a higher level of stress (16.59 ± 10.21 vs. 13.42 ± 9.98, p = 0.002) and depression (14.97 ± 10.98 vs. 11.42 ± 10.56, p = 0.001). COVID-19 related anxiety was significantly correlated with participants’ professions (p = 0.004). Burnout (p = 0.003) and depression (p = 0.044) were significantly correlated with the participants’ working area. Significant positive correlations were found between stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, and COVID-19 related stress.
Conclusion:
Healthcare workers may experience considerable psychologic distress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic due to providing direct patient care, quarantine, or self-isolation. Healthcare workers who were at high risk of contracting COVID-19 appeared to have psychological distress, burnout, and probably, chronic psychopathology. Frontline staff, especially nurses, were at higher risk of showing higher levels of psychological and mental health issues in the long term.
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Genuis SK, Luth W, Bubela T, Johnston WS. Covid-19 threat and coping: application of protection motivation theory to the pandemic experiences of people affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:140. [PMID: 35413805 PMCID: PMC9002218 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are at high risk for severe outcomes from Covid-19 infection. Researchers exploring ALS and Covid-19 have focused primarily on system response and adaptation. Using Protection Motivation Theory, we investigated how people with ALS and family caregivers appraised and responded to Covid-19 threat, the 'costs' associated with pandemic response, and how health professionals and systems can better support people affected by ALS who are facing public health emergencies. METHODS Data were drawn from the 'ALS Talk Project,' an asynchronous, moderated focus group study. Participants were recruited from regions across Canada. Seven groups met online over 14 weeks between January and July 2020. Fifty-three participants contributed to Covid-19 discussions. Data were qualitatively analyzed using directed content analysis and the constant-comparative approach. RESULTS Participants learned about the Covid-19 pandemic from the media. They rapidly assessed their vulnerability and responded to Covid-19 threat by following recommendations from health authorities, information monitoring, and preparing for worst-case scenarios. Adopting protective behaviors had substantial response costs, including adaptations for medical care and home support workers, threatened access to advance care, and increased caregiver burden. Participants expressed need for ALS-specific, pandemic information from trusted health professionals and/or ALS health charities. Telemedicine introduced both conveniences and costs. Prior experience with ALS provided tools for coping with Covid-19. Threat and coping appraisal was a dynamic process involving ongoing vigilance and adaptation. Findings draw attention to the lack of emergency preparedness among participants and within health systems. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should engage ALS patients and families in ongoing discussions about pandemic coping, strategies to mitigate response costs, care pathways in the event of Covid-19 infection, and changing information about Covid-19 variants and vaccines. Healthcare systems should incorporate flexible approaches for medical care, leveraging the benefits of telemedicine and facilitating in-person interaction as needed and where possible. Research is needed to identify strategies to mitigate response costs and to further explore the interaction between prior experience and coping. Further study is also needed to determine how communication about emergency preparedness might be effectively incorporated into clinical care for those with ALS and other medically vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelagh K Genuis
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Westerly Luth
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Tania Bubela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall 11328, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Wendy S Johnston
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada.
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Thomas A, Suresh M. Assessment of COVID-19 prevention and protection measures in hospitals. CLEANER ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 7:100440. [PMID: 35156071 PMCID: PMC8820025 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2022.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to develop an assessment framework for the Covid-19 prevention and protection measures in hospitals. The conceptual model is developed by using fifty-four attributes, fifteen criteria, and three enablers. The multi-grade fuzzy approach is used to develop the assessment framework, and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) identifies the weaker attributes in the case organization. The case hospital's preventive and safety measures assessment level is 8.05, which is 'very highly focused on protection measures,' and fourteen weaker attributes were identified. The case hospital management should focus on the guidelines of Covid-19 preventive and protection measures, strict protocols, regular audits, education and training of the staff, and active surveillance. Case hospital managers should also focus on staffing and timings, the formulation of policies, and abiding by those policies without any fail. This proposed assessment model is a new initiative in-hospital assessment in preventive and safety measures in the healthcare sector during the Covid-19 era. This framework will enable hospital managers as a continuous assessment tool to improve their Covid-19 prevention operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albi Thomas
- Amrita School of Business, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641 112, India
| | - M Suresh
- Amrita School of Business, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641 112, India
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