Suture-button suspensionplasty for thumb carpometacarpal arthritis: a minimum 2-year follow-up

A Preliminary Study of the Impact of Intensive Hand Therapy after Arthroscopic Partial Trapeziectomy with Suture-Button Suspensionplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis

Background: Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis is a painful and debilitating condition, which in severe cases may be treated by surgery. Previous studies have emphasised the importance of rehabilitation following surgery to achieve optimal results. This study aimed to investigate whether intensive hand therapy is effective in improving hand functions after arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with suture-button (SB) suspensionplasty in patients with thumb CMC arthritis. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study that used non-randomised historical controls. Patients who underwent arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with SB suspensionplasty were divided into two groups according to whether they had postoperative hand therapy or not (hand therapy group, n = 12; no hand therapy group, n = 11). CMC joint pain, range of motion (ROM), grip and pinch strength in the operative side and Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score were compared before surgery and at the final follow-up for each group. Results: CMC joint pain, ROM and QuickDASH scores significantly improved following surgery, in both groups. Conversely, postoperative grip and pinch strength only increased significantly in the hand therapy group (grip strength: effect size = 0.36, pinch strength: effect size = 0.44). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that early-stage intensive hand therapy is an effective intervention after arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with SB suspensionplasty, specifically for improving grip and pinch strength. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic).

Mid-Term Outcomes Following Trapeziectomy With Suture Suspensionplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis

PURPOSE

In the treatment of symptomatic thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis, numerous techniques have been used to maintain the trapezial space following trapeziectomy. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the suture suspensionplasty technique. The hypothesis was that suture suspensionplasty would have similar clinical and radiographic outcomes compared with other techniques aimed at maintaining the trapezial space following trapeziectomy.

METHODS

Data were collected on 42 patients following trapeziectomy with suture suspensionplasty for symptomatic Eaton stage II-IV carpometacarpal osteoarthritis at an average follow-up of 2.1 years. Outcomes included the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire, visual analog scale for pain, radiographic analysis of subsidence, and physical examination of lateral pinch strength and thumb opposition.

RESULTS

Radiographs demonstrated that 42% of the trapezial space was maintained at 2.1 years following trapeziectomy with suture suspensionplasty. Median postoperative QuickDASH scores were 3.4 (first quartile, 0; third quartile, 15.9), which is consistent with or better than normative values in the population. Median postoperative visual analog scale scores were 0 (first quartile, 0; third quartile, 0) with good postoperative thumb opposition and pinch strength.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who underwent trapeziectomy with suture suspensionplasty had similar functional and radiographic outcomes at an average of 2.1 years after surgery compared with other techniques used for treatment of symptomatic thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis.

TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic IV.

A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study: One-Year Outcomes of Ligament Reconstruction Tendon Interposition Versus Suture Tape Suspensionplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis

PURPOSE

We performed a randomized controlled trial assessing patient-reported outcome measures following trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) or suture tape suspensionplasty (STS) for treatment of thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.

METHODS

Patients undergoing surgery for thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis were prospectively randomized to LRTI or STS. Outcome measures were collected at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year and included visual analog scale pain, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity, return to work/activity, range of motion, grip/pinch strength, and complications.

RESULTS

Thirty-one patients (32 thumbs) were randomized from 51 patients offered participation over two years. One-year follow-up was 97%. Both groups had a decrease in visual analog scale pain scores at all postoperative time points. The trajectory of postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity scores was similar, and both groups achieved the meaningful clinically important difference for improvement in PROMIS Upper Extremity by three months. Grip strength was substantially increased in both groups at one year. Return to work/activity and surgical complications favored the LRTI group.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study did not suggest any clinically relevant differences in the postoperative patient-reported outcome measures or objective clinical measurements between LRTI and STS, although LRTI patients had a faster return to work/activity and lower complication rates.

TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic IIB.

Computed Tomography Investigation of First Metacarpal Subsidence After Suture Button Suspensionplasty: A Report of Two Cases

First metacarpal subsidence often occurs after suture button suspensionplasty (SBS) for first carpometacarpal joint arthritis. In this study, we describe computed tomography (CT) findings in two cases of first metacarpal subsidence after SBS. Case 1 was a 51-year-old right-handed male. At the final follow-up two years post-SBS, no noticeable thumb shortening was observed. CT imaging at the last follow-up showed a slight expansion of the hole in the first and second metacarpals where the suture had passed. Case 2 was a 58-year-old right-handed male. Thumb shortening was noticed three months and three weeks after SBS. At the final follow-up, two years and seven months post-surgery, CT imaging revealed significant expansion of the hole in a conical shape in the second metacarpal where the suture had passed. Our findings suggest that the expansion of the foramen where the suture passed through the metacarpals may contribute to the first metacarpal subsidence after the surgery.

Trapeziectomy and Mini TightRope Suspensionplasty for First Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis

INTRODUCTION

First carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis is a common debilitating condition affecting thumb function. Surgical management often involves trapeziectomy to alleviate pain and restore functionality. The suspensionplasty techniques maintain the trapezial height after trapeziectomy. The older techniques used the help of ligamentoplasty by taking the flexor carpi radialis or the abductor pollicis longus. A new technique of suspensionplasty where the first metacarpal is suspended to the second by means of a strong suture material (fiberwire) and tied with help of a suture button (Mini TightRope; Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA). This technique is less invasive than the previous ligamentoplasties, because there is no need to harvest another nearby tendon. The addition of Mini TightRope suspensioplasty aims to stabilize the joint, potentially improving outcomes.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 patients undergoing trapeziectomy and Mini TightRope suspensioplasty between January 2022 and December 2023. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included pain scores, grip strength measurements, range of movement evaluations, and patient-reported outcomes using standardized questionnaires.

RESULTS

Significant improvements were observed postoperatively in pain relief, with Visual Analog Scale scores decreasing from 7.8 preoperatively to 1.2 at six months follow-up. Grip strength increased by an average of 35%, and 85% of patients achieved near-normal range of movement. Patient-reported outcomes indicated high satisfaction rates, with enhanced ability to perform daily activities.

CONCLUSION

Trapeziectomy combined with Mini TightRope suspensionplasty demonstrates favorable outcomes in managing first CMC joint arthritis. This approach effectively reduces pain, improves grip strength, and enhances functional capabilities, underscoring its role as a promising surgical option for patients seeking relief from thumb arthritis.

Kinematic Investigation of Healthy, Arthritic, and Postsurgery Thumbs: Is the Metacarpophalangeal Joint the Gateway to Carpometacarpal Arthritis?

The thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is one of the most likely joints to develop osteoarthritis (OA). If conservative treatments fail to alleviate symptoms, surgery may be pursued. Kinematic outcomes of CMC surgery techniques have been described, but current tools have limitations in capturing motion abilities. The goals of this study were (1) develop a new and robust set of kinematic outcome measures, and apply them to (2) a cohort of younger and older control individuals without CMC OA to determine age and sex-related changes, and (3) a cohort of participants with CMC OA before, 3 months, and 6 months after undergoing thumb ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition surgery to detect the impacts of surgery. 52 (26 males, 26 females) control and 18 (3 males, 15 females) surgical participants were tested. Kinematics were investigated using motion capture by mapping the three-dimensional motion space of the whole thumb, and two-dimensional motion boundaries of the metacarpal (MC) and proximal phalange (PP). Visual analog pain score was recorded. Older control participants had shifted regions of motion compared to younger participants (p ≤ 0.027), suggesting asymptomatic CMC wear. Control females had 31% more metacarpophalangeal (MCP) motion than control males (p = 0.013), which could alter loading paths through the CMC joint and increase OA risk. Pain at 6 months postsurgery was 72% less than presurgery (p < 0.001), but motion abilities were 20-28% less than presurgery (p ≤ 0.074) and 24-40% less than control participants (p ≤ 0.066). These techniques have the possibility of identifying presymptomatic motion changes, including those at the metacarpophalangeal joint in CMC OA progression.

Efficacy of Abductor Pollicis Longus Suspension Arthroplasty Combined With Mini TightRope for Osteoarthritis of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint

BACKGROUND

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of abductor pollicis longus (APL) suspension arthroplasty with trapeziectomy combined with first and second metacarpal fixation using suture button device.

METHODS

Thirteen patients (14 thumbs) who underwent APL suspension arthroplasty combined with suture button device for osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (Eaton grade III: 6 and IV: 8 thumbs) at our institution between 2015 and 2019 and were followed up for more than 24 months were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative range of motion (ROM) of radial and palmar abduction, grip and key pinch strength, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain, and the trapezial space ratio (TSR) on radiographic images before and after surgery were statistically examined.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 59.6 ± 8.1 years, and the mean follow-up period was 45.4 ± 12.2 months. While grip and pinch strength did not significantly change between preoperative and final follow-up measurements, the ROM of radial and palmar abduction and the VAS score at the latest follow-up were significantly better than the preoperative values (P < .05). The mean TSR immediately after surgery and at the latest follow-up was 0.28 ± 0.089 and 0.22 ± 0.084, respectively, indicating a mean reduction rate of 23.3 ± 15.2%.

CONCLUSIONS

This surgical technique showed significant improvement in the ROM of radial and palmar abduction and the VAS score for pain, and the combined fixation of the first and second metacarpals with suture button device suppressed the subsidence of the first metacarpal.

Long-Term Results of Suture-Button Suspensionplasty in the Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis: A Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up

Purpose

Combined trapeziectomy and suture-button suspensionplasty (SBS) is a common and well-established surgical treatment for thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis. Although short and mid-term follow-up studies have shown promising outcomes with patients retaining excellent range of motion and strength, long-term data are lacking. The aim of our study was to assess the long-term outcomes of patients who underwent SBS surgery for thumb CMC arthritis, with a minimum follow-up period of 10 years.

Methods

We evaluated 17 patients, at least 10 years after undergoing SBS surgery for thumb CMC arthritis. We measured grip and pinch strength, range of motion, and trapezial space height and compared it with the respective values measured on the routine postoperative 3-month follow-up visit. All patients have additionally completed the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire.

Results

The study included 11 women and 6 men with an average age of 60.3 ± 6.4 years and a mean follow-up of 137.4 ± 11.4 months after surgery. The mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 9 (range: 0-40.9) at the long-term follow-up, compared with 26.2 (range: 4.5-75) recorded 3 months after the surgery. Grip and pinch strengths were 116% and 111% of the 3-month postoperative value, respectively. Radial abduction and palmar abduction were 98% and 94% of the 3-month postoperative value, respectively. Kapandji scores were either equal or higher than the previously documented scores. Average height of the trapezial space was 69% of the previous postoperative measurement.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that patients who underwent SBS surgery for thumb CMC osteoarthritis achieve excellent long-term outcomes by maintaining favorable subjective and objective results, despite some radiographic subsidence over time. These results indicate SBS to be an effective and durable technique for the long-term management of thumb CMC osteoarthritis.

Type of study/level of evidence

Therapeutic IV.

Arthroscopic Hemitrapeziectomy: Is an Internal Brace Worth It?

BACKGROUND

This article's purpose was to analyze clinical results obtained with thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy with temporary suspension with a Kirschner wire (K-wire).

METHODS

Seventy thumb CMC arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomies with a mean age of 59 and 18 months of follow-up were performed in our center during a 13-year period. All of them followed the same protocol. Surgical technique is described.

RESULTS

All patients were arthroscopically classified as Badia's III stage. No tendon interposition was used, and a K-wire was temporarily implanted for 5.1 weeks. Mean postsurgical Visual Analogue Scale of 1.6, Kapandji Opposition Score of 8.1, grip strength of 42.2 lbs, lateral pinch of 9.5 lbs, tip-to-tip pinch of 4.2 lbs and tripod pinch of 7.8 lbs were measured. All previous active workers resumed their previous job.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that thumb CMC arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy with temporary suspension with K-wire reaches good results in terms of pain reduction, strength, and functionality, without the necessity of an internal brace which increases risks of a second metacarpal fracture.

Transosseous Cannula Suture Suspensionplasty for Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis: A Novel Technique

The suture button (SB) suspension technique has become popular in the treatment of thumb basal joint arthritis, as it works as an internal mean for metacarpal stabilization, demonstrating good results with improvement in function and strength. The aim of our study is to describe a new transosseous suture suspensionplasty technique using a simple Ethibond #2 suture as a substitute for the suture button and to report the postoperative clinical outcomes. In this study, we included a total of 14 patients with 2 years follow-up. We evaluated patients with the use of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, the Visual Analog Scale, the Kapandji test, and the key pinch strength. Patients treated with transosseous suture suspensionplasty demonstrated clinical improvement at an average follow-up of 24 months. No complications were noted immediately after the procedure or during the 2-year follow-up period.

Suspension arthroplasty using the palmaris longus tendon with a suture button for thumb trapeziometacarpal arthritis: a retrospective observational study

BACKGROUND

This study was performed to assess the clinical and radiographic results at a minimum of 2 years after ligament reconstruction suspension arthroplasty (LRSA) that comprised full trapeziectomy and suspensionplasty using the palmaris longus tendon and the Mini TightRope (Arthrex, Naples, FL) for advanced thumb carpometacarpal arthritis.

METHODS

We clinically and radiographically evaluated 26 thumbs in 26 patients who had undergone LRSA at least 2 years previously. The mean follow-up period was 35.9 months. We evaluated the subjective clinical outcomes (visual analogue scale and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores) and objective clinical outcomes (range of motion, pinch strength, grip strength, and trapezial space height ratio).

RESULTS

At the final follow-up evaluation, the mean visual analogue scale score was 11.1 (standard deviation (SD) 13.4) and the mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score was 9.39 (SD 10.1). The mean palmar and radial abduction were 62.3° (SD 11.8°) and 63.8° (SD 9.09°), respectively. The mean key pinch and grip strength were 3.92 (SD 1.07) kg and 19.7 (SD 7.77) kg, respectively. The mean trapezial space ratio was 0.21 (SD 0.10). The subjective clinical outcomes, range of motion, and pinch strength were significantly improved compared with preoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

LRSA for advanced-stage thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis relieves pain, improves range of motion and strength, and obtains favourable subjective patient-reported clinical outcomes.

Clinical Results of Arthroscopic Partial Trapeziectomy With Suture-Button Suspensionplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis

BACKGROUND

This study represents the clinical results, especially range of motion (ROM) improvement, of arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty for symptomatic grade II and III thumb carpometacarpal arthritis with a minimum 1-year follow-up.

METHODS

Thirty-two patients (mean: 67.5 years) with grade II and III thumb carpometacarpal arthritis treated with arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty were retrospectively followed up for at least 1 year. The physical assessments included ROM, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), strength, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. The physical variables were retrospectively compared before surgery and at the final follow-up.

RESULTS

Preoperative radial abduction and palmar abduction (45.4 ± 16.4° and 54.3 ± 13.9°, respectively) were significantly increased at the final follow-up (59.7 ± 16.9° and 65.5 ± 14.2°, respectively). Preoperative VAS score, pinch strength, and DASH score (70.5 ± 14.0, 57.2 ± 24.8% and 36.8 ± 14.8, respectively) were also significantly improved at the final follow-up (7.9 ± 9.1, 91.0 ± 39.6%, and 11.7 ± 10.5, respectively). Complications involved 1 case of irritation of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and 1 case of dystonia. Two suture-buttons were removed due to patient discomfort.

CONCLUSIONS

A significant increase in ROM and pain relief was obtained after suture-button suspensionplasty with arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy.

Radiographic Evaluation after Arthroscopic Partial Trapeziectomy with Suture-button Suspensionplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis

Arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty was developed for the surgical treatment of thumb carpometacarpal arthritis. However, the relationship between clinical results and radiographic evidence is unclear.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed 33 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic partial trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty for thumb carpometacarpal arthritis between 2016 and 2021. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded, and the correlations between them were evaluated.

Results

The average patient age at surgery was 69 years. Patient radiologic evidence was Eaton stage Ⅱ in three thumbs, Ⅲ in 25 thumbs, and Ⅳ in five thumbs. The average trapezial space ratio (TSR) was 0.36 immediately after the operation but declined to 0.32 after 6 months. In contrast, the average joint subluxation was reduced to 0.005 immediately after the operation compared with 0.28 before, and was maintained at 0.04 at final follow-up. A statically significant correlation was detected between grip strength and TSR (P = 0.03), and between pinch strength and TSR (P = 0.02). A significant correlation was detected between TSR and trapezium height (P = 0.0215), which remained after partial trapeziectomy. No correlation was detected between rope position and other clinical or radiographic scores.

Conclusions

Suture-button can have an effect on the medialization of the first metacarpal base. Excessive trapeziectomy can result in functional deficiency of the thumb through metacarpal subsidence, which potentially causes loss of grip and pinch strength.

Mini TightRope Suspension Allows for Accelerated Rehabilitation following Ligament Reconstruction Interposition Arthroplasty of the Basal Joint of the Thumb

Introduction  Surgical treatment of thumb trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis usually involves 4 to 8 weeks of postoperative casting and splinting followed by varying mobilization protocols. Suspension arthroplasty has been described as an alternative to allow earlier range of motion exercises. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PRO) when adding a two-string suture-button suspension arthroplasty (Mini TightRope, MTR) to our usual procedure of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI), allowing early mobilization. Can we allow early mobilization using this technique without jeopardizing the PRO results at the 1 year follow-up and without an increased risk of complication? Materials and Methods  A prospective study using the MTR system (Arthrex) as a suture-button suspensionplasty was conducted. Twelve patients (MTR group) and 36 historical patients (LRTI alone) were included. Results  At 12 months, the median value for quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand was 11.3 (range, 0-43.2) in the MTR group and 13.6 (range, 0-88.6) in the LRTI group, resulting in similar improvements, p  = 0.46. One in twelve patients in the MTR group was dissatisfied and 9 in 36 in the LRTI group were dissatisfied, p  = 0.41. No complications were observed during the first year. Conclusion  Supplemental suture-button suspensionplasty can be utilized for high demand patients and patients who want to reduce immobilization time without major complications and with similar PRO as LRTI at 6 and 12 months. Level of evidence  Four case series.

Trapeziectomy and Suture-Button Suspensionplasty for Basilar Thumb Arthritis: Is It Enough to Prevent First Ray Subsidence?

Introduction  Trapeziectomy and suture-button suspensionplasty (SBS) are a novel option to treat end-stage trapeziometacarpal (TMC) osteoarthritis. Our purpose is to evaluate our outcomes with this technique and in this setting, with a minimum of 18 months of follow-up. Materials and Methods  Twenty-eight patients were included, operated between 2016 and 2018. We recorded demographic data, preoperative Eaton stage, follow-up and operative times. The patients completed the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire and tip pinch, key pinch, and grip strength were measured. First metacarpal subsidence was calculated, and postoperative complications were documented. Results  The average follow-up was 34 months. The mean QuickDASH was 32 at the final follow-up. The average strength results were 20 kg for grip, 3.6 kg for tip pinch, and 4.2 kg for key pinch. The rate of first ray subsidence was 10.7%. We encountered three complications: a hardware intolerance, a second metacarpal fracture, and a suture rupture. There was one reoperation to remove an implant. Conclusion  Trapeziectomy and SBS functional results are similar to other techniques, with less subsidence of the first ray and allowing for early mobilization and fast recovery. This procedure is a safe and promising option in the treatment of TMC osteoarthritis, with good medium-term outcomes.

Thumb-Basal Joint Arthroplasty Outcomes and Metacarpal Subsidence: A Prospective Cohort Analysis of Trapeziectomy With Suture Button Suspensionplasty Versus Ligament Reconstruction With Tendon Interposition

BACKGROUND

Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthroplasty is a common procedure in the surgical management of symptomatic thumb basal joint arthritis. Following trapeziectomy, a number of suspensionplasty techniques are often used, but limited comparative evidence exists between these techniques. The central aim of this study was to prospectively compare the outcomes of 2 suspensionplasty techniques following trapeziectomy: suture button (TightRope) versus ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI).

METHODS

Prospective data were collected on 112 consecutive patients with Eaton stage III-IV thumb CMC arthritis who underwent open trapeziectomy and suspensionplasty. There were 53 LRTI and 59 TightRope suspensionplasty procedures. Outcomes were measured using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, radiographic analysis, and lateral pinch strength. Patient demographic data and complications were also recorded.

RESULTS

Patients undergoing TightRope suspensionplasty had significantly higher trapeziometacarpal index and thus less subsidence than the LRTI group at 2 weeks (0.22 vs 0.17 [P < .0001]) and 3 months (0.17 vs 0.15 [P < .05]) postoperatively. TightRope suspensionplasty also had a significantly lower QuickDASH score at 2 weeks (64.7 vs 74.6 [P < .05]), 3 months (20.7 vs 32.5 [P < .05]), and 1 year postoperatively (7.57 vs 21.5 [P < .05]) compared with the LRTI group. However, there was no difference in VAS pain, lateral pinch strength, reoperation, or complications at any time point between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Thumb CMC joint arthroplasty performed with a TightRope suspensionplasty versus LRTI yielded short-term improved resistance to subsidence, long-term greater improvement in clinical outcome by QuickDASH, and no difference in pain or complication rates.

Treatment of First Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis with Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review

Background First carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis or trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis is a common debilitating hand condition. No one surgical technique has demonstrated superiority in managing this disease. Purpose This study performed a systematic review of arthroscopic techniques for treating first CMC arthritis to assess the effectiveness of different arthroscopic techniques. Methods Grip strength, pinch strength, visual analog scale, the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, range of motion (ROM), and complications were recorded. Two subgroup analyses were performed, comparing outcomes of (1) trapeziectomy of any type versus debridement alone and (2) trapeziectomy alone versus interposition versus suspension techniques. Results Preoperative and postoperative scores significantly improved for DASH scores and pain at rest and with activity with variable improvements in ROM. Complications occurred in 13% of cases in publications that reported complications. When comparing studies that utilized techniques with any type of trapeziectomy to debridement alone, only the trapeziectomy subgroup showed significant improvements in pain. When comparing trapeziectomy alone to interposition and suspension techniques, mean DASH scores and pain levels significantly improved in interposition and suspension subgroups. Conclusions The existing literature describes a predominantly female population with Eaton-Littler stage II and III disease. In the subgroup analysis, arthroscopic techniques involving a trapeziectomy seem to be more effective at lowering pain scores compared to techniques involving debridement alone. Likewise, interposition and suspension techniques may show improved outcomes compared to techniques involving trapeziectomy alone. Level of evidence This is a Level III study.

"Suspensionplasty for Revision Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Surgery: Comparing Suture Button Suspensionplasty to Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition."

Several surgical procedures have been described for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA), including suture button suspensionplasty (SBS) and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI). To date, no one procedure has demonstrated clinical superiority. SBS has achieved favorable outcomes at five years in primary cases, but has not been validated in revision surgery. This study evaluated SBS for revision of failed thumb CMC OA surgery and compared these outcomes to revision using LRTI. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who underwent suspensionplasty with SBS or LRTI after failure of previous thumb CMC OA surgery since 2010. Eighteen patients were included, nine undergoing revision with SBS and nine undergoing revision with LRTI. Eighteen patients had mean final follow-up of 35 months. There were two complications in the LRTI group, none in the SBS group. No patients required additional surgery. The SBS group had an average visual analog scale (VAS) pain score improvement of 2.9, compared to 2.4 in the LRTI group. Average final QuickDASH was 15.1 in the SBS group, compared to 22.6 in the LRTI group. Mean operative time of 86.3 minutes in the SBS group was significantly shorter than the 121 minute mean in the LRTI group. SBS is an effective treatment option for revision of previous thumb CMC OA surgery, with outcomes comparable to revision using LRTI, and the added benefit of shorter operative times and early mobilization.

Revision Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty

Revision thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthroplasty alleviates persistent pain and instability after nonimplant or implant CMC arthroplasty. Metacarpal subsidence onto the scaphoid causing impingement, missed diagnosis such as scaphotrapezoid arthritis, and metacarpophalangeal hyperextension are common causes of failed CMC arthroplasty. Literature shows that revision CMC arthroplasty has satisfactory outcomes. Currently, the mantra of revision is to restore the metacarpal height and treat concomitant pathology, but no single operation is a universal solution. Revision CMC arthroplasty has a relatively high complication rate, lower patient satisfaction than primary CMC arthroplasty, and may result in the need for further operative intervention.

Arthroscopic Management of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis and Pathology

Basilar thumb arthritis is a debilitating condition characterized by pain, reduced joint stability, and reduced capacity for daily activities. Various arthroscopic approaches have been described based on patient factors, as well as radiographic and arthroscopic staging criteria. Here we provide an overview of arthroscopic management of basilar thumb arthritis, including patient evaluation, surgical techniques, outcomes, and new developments. We describe our preferred approach for Eaton stage I-III disease, consisting of arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy with suture button suspensionplasty. This technique is safe, reliable, and allows for early range of motion and quicker recovery while minimizing scarring and reducing the risk of nerve injury.

Surgical Treatment of Advanced Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis: Trapeziectomy with Hematoma Arthroplasty

Osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint is common. When nonoperative measures fail, surgery may provide long-term pain relief. There are many surgical options in the management of carpometacarpal joint arthritis. Trapeziectomy with hematoma arthroplasty is technically simple, inexpensive, and has withstood the test of time. It is an excellent option for advanced carpometacarpal joint arthritis with multiple high-quality studies showing equivalent outcomes between this technique and ligament reconstruction tendon interposition techniques. This article reviews trapeziectomy with hematoma arthroplasty for treatment of carpometacarpal joint arthritis, including the indications for the procedure, the authors' preferred technique, and the current literature.

A Case of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Resulting from Interference Screw Malposition after LRTI

Many approaches to CMC arthroplasty have been described for treatment of advanced arthritis, yet there is no consensus on the “best” operation. Implantable hardware is increasingly utilized for metacarpal suspension, but few hardware-mediated complications have been documented. Here we present the case of a 69-year-old man with insidious-onset median neuropathy following ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition for CMC arthritis, utilizing interference screw fixation. After surgery, the patient developed median neuropathy, and his physical examination and MRI demonstrated a mass in the volar wrist. Operative exploration revealed an interference screw that was lodged immediately volar to the transverse carpal ligament, causing median nerve compression. Median neurolysis and screw removal led to symptom resolution. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an unreported complication of interference screw use during thumb CMC arthroplasty, and should be considered in patients with postoperative median neuropathy following ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition.

Optimal Position of the Suture Button Suspensionplasty (TightRope) for Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis

Background: Surgical treatment of basal joint arthritis commonly consists of trapeziectomy followed by various suspensionplasty techniques to provide stability to the thumb ray. Our study goal was to assess the motion and stability of the thumb ray after trapeziectomy and placement of a suture button (Mini TightRope®, Arthrex, Naples, Florida) in a high- or low-angle trajectory. We hypothesized that a low-angle trajectory would yield the greatest stability while providing maximal motion of the thumb. Methods: Eleven fresh-frozen cadaver arms were imaged fluoroscopically in anterior-posterior and lateral views before and after trapeziectomy, and after placement of low- and high-angle suture buttons. The intermetacarpal angle between the thumb and index metacarpals was measured after application of a standard force. Radial abduction, opposition, subsidence, palmar abduction, adduction, and subsidence were measured. Results: Compared to posttrapeziectomy constructs, low- and high-angle TightRope constructs demonstrated less subsidence, low-angle TightRopes had less palmar abduction, and high-angle TightRope constructs had less radial abduction and adduction. High-angle TightRopes allowed more palmar abduction than low-angle constructs. The high-angle TightRopes trended toward more subsidence than low-angle constructs, although it was not significant. Conclusions: Both TightRope constructs provided improved axial stability after trapeziectomy while not excessively limiting any one motion of the thumb. Compared to the high-angle trajectory, the low-angle TightRope placement provided a more stable construct with respect to subsidence and angular motion. Given the concern for excessive motion of the first metacarpal base with the high-angle construct, we recommend a low-angle trajectory TightRope placement.

Bone fixation techniques for managing joint disorders and injuries: A review study

The majority of surgical procedures treating joint disorders require a technique to realize a firm implant-to-tissue and/or a tissue-to-tissue fixation. Fixation methods have direct effects on survival, performance and integration of orthopedic implants This review paper gives an overview of novel fixation techniques that have been evaluated and optimized for orthopaedic joint implants and could be alternatives for traditional implant fixation techniques or inspirations for future design of joint implantation procedures.

METHOD

The articles were selected using the Scopus search engine. Key words referring to traditional fixation methods have been excluded to find potential innovative fixation techniques. In order to review the recent anchorage systems, only articles that been published during the period of 2010-2020 have been included.

RESULTS

A total of 57 studies were analyzed. The result revealed that three main fixation principles are being employed: using mechanical interlockings, employing adhesives, and performing tissue-bonding strategies.

CONCLUSION

The development of fixation techniques demonstrates a transformation from the general anchoring tools like K-wires toward application-specific designs. Several new methods have been designed and evaluated, which highlight encouraging results as described in this review. It seems that mechanical fixations provide the strongest anchorage. Employing (bio)-adhesives as fixation tool could revolutionize the field of orthopedic surgery. However, the adhesives must be improved and optimized to meet the requirements of an anchorage system. Long-term fixation might be formed by tissue ingrowth approaches which showed promising results. In most cases further clinical studies are required to explore their outputs in clinical applications.

Update on Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis Surgery

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Comprehend anatomy and biomechanics of the normal and arthritic trapeziometacarpal joint. 2. Evaluate best evidence for diagnosis and for operative and nonoperative treatment of thumb osteoarthritis. 3. Understand treatment pitfalls of basilar joint arthritis and complication avoidance.

SUMMARY

Articular and ligamentous anatomy of the trapeziometacarpal joint enables complex motions. Disability from arthritis, common at the trapeziometacarpal joint, is debilitating. Furthering the understanding of how trapeziometacarpal arthritis develops can improve treatment. The authors provide current best evidence for diagnosis and treatment of basilar joint arthritis. Pitfalls in treatment are discussed.

Trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty versus ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition: a randomized controlled trial

The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of patients operated with trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) using flexor carpi radialis tendon versus trapeziectomy followed by suspension of the first metacarpal to the second metacarpal using a Mini TightRope® suture button (suture button suspension: SBS). A single-center prospective randomized controlled trial was performed, comparing 37 patients with SBS and 39 with LRTI. All surgeries were performed by the same fellowship-trained hand surgeon. Patients were assessed by an independent observer at 40 months' follow-up. Pre- and postoperative strength, trapezial space ratio (TSR), range of motion, QuickDASH and visual analogue pain score were recorded. Both procedures improved functional parameters of pain, key strength, tip strength and grip strength while maintaining range of motion, without significant differences. In the SBS group, TSR decreased by 17%, compared to 28% in the LRTI group. The mean operative time was shorter in SBS (63 vs 91 minutes; p < 0.0001), as was immobilization time (2 vs 6 weeks; p < 0.0001), and patients resumed normal activity sooner (10 vs 12 week; p = 0.0138) and required less physical therapy (19.3 vs 13.1 weeks; p < 0.0001). We believe that our results are related to the hypothesis suggested by biomechanical studies that revealed better initial load bearing profile and maintenance of trapezial space following serial loading in cadaver models.

The effect of remaining trapezial space on outcomes after trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction tendon interposition for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis

Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) procedures for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis aim to prevent proximal metacarpal migration to improve thumb function. We sought to evaluate the effect of the remaining trapezial space on outcomes after trapeziectomy with LRTI. Forty-seven patients were included in this study. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically. They were divided into two groups according to the remaining trapezial space at last follow-up. Postoperative to preoperative trapezial space ratio was >50% in group 1 and <50% in group 2. Mean follow-up was 30.8 months. Mean age, sex, dominant side, preoperative stage, and follow-up were similar in both groups. The mean QuickDASH scores were significantly better in group 1 than group 2. Mean tip and key pinch were significantly stronger in group 1, than group 2. Trapeziectomy with LRTI is the most used surgical technique and it produces satisfactory results. Improved clinical outcomes can be achieved when more than 50% of the preoperative trapezial space remains.

Technical trick in suture-button suspensionplasty for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal arthritis

Suture-button suspensionplasty has been popularized in the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis in recent years. The surgical technique of this method was well defined previously. The most challenging and important part of this technique is the tensioning of the suture-button system to preserve first metacarpal height after trapeziectomy. In present study, we would like to present a technical trick about adjusting the tension while performing suspensionplasty using suture-button device in thumb CMC joint osteoarthritis. In the original technique, trapeziectomy is performed prior to fixation and tensioning of suture-button system. However, it is quite difficult to recreate the original trapezial space, since first metacarpal subsides after trapeziectomy. The trick in our technique is that trapezium remains in its anatomic position up to the end of the operation. Thus, we do not need to make effort to adjust the thumb ray height and use fluoroscopic imaging to ensure its position. In conclusion, we believe that our technique simplifies the most challenging part of the operation, shortens the operation time, preserves the original first ray height and diminishes the exposure of ionizing radiation as it reduces the need for fluoroscopy.

Trapeziectomy and suspension arthroplasty with the flexor carpi radialis tendon for treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis

Excision of the trapezium is the common step in most arthroplasties for treating trapeziometacarpal arthritis. Trapeziectomy can be supplemented by several techniques intended to stabilize the first metacarpal but none of these has been proven superior. The aim of this study was to verify if a simplified suspension arthroplasty with the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon, requiring only a single short surgical incision, no intraosseous tunnels and no interposition of prosthetic material, yields equal clinical outcomes to more complex techniques and if the clinical outcomes remain stable over the long term. A cohort of 299 patients was reviewed retrospectively at a follow-up ranging from 3 to 12 years (mean follow-up time 6 years) following total trapeziectomy and suspension arthroplasty using a half-tendon strip of FCR. At this long-term follow-up, the mean DASH score improved from 52 preoperatively to 20 postoperatively. Pain at follow-up was subjectively rated by patients as absent or improved in 92% cases. Thumb opposition assessed on the Kapandji scale was rated 9 or 10 in 144 (76%) hands, 7 or 8 in 30 (16%) hands and <7 in 15 hands (8%). Mean palmar flexion and radial abduction were 45° and 42°, respectively. Mean key pinch and grip strength were 4.7 Kg and 23.5 kg, respectively. When treating trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, surgical techniques that do not require complex procedures, bone tunnels, K wire stabilization or interposition of prosthetic materials can be considered and maybe preferred. Our technique of trapeziectomy and suspension arthroplasty with the FCR tendon produces good long-term results.

Mini TightRope® suture button indications for thumb basal joint arthritis

Our aim was to explore the different indications of the Mini TightRope® suture button whether during first-line treatment or secondary surgery of thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (OA). The indications for this new device are presented and discussed based on our own small case series and published data. Twenty-one patients treated with the Mini TightRope® were included in a prospective study. One of them was operated on both sides. Fourteen devices were used in first intention for Eaton stage IV OA; the patients underwent trapeziectomy and suture button suspensioplasty only. Four cases consisted of revision surgery for painful proximalization of the first metacarpal after trapeziectomy and ligamentoplasty. Four cases consisted of secondary surgery after trapeziectomy and implant interposition (two silicone implants and two pyrocarbon implants). We captured the demographic data, follow-up time, pain level, pinch strength before and after surgery, range of motion, metacarpal subsidence, and postoperative complications. The average age of the patients was 60 years. There were 19 women and 2 men. The average follow-up time was 2.5 years (1-4). The average pain level, according to a visual analog scale (1-10) was 3.5 (2-5) preoperatively and 2 (1-4) postoperatively at rest and 7 (6-8) preoperatively and 4 (3-6) postoperatively with maximum load. The mean Kapandji score was 9 (7-10) and the retropulsion score was 3 (1-4). The average key pinch and tip pinch strengths were 80% and 78% of the contralateral side at the final follow-up. The trapeziectomy-suspensioplasty group had greater average trapezial space height compared to the revision surgery group (7.0 mm vs. 4.5 mm). There are several indications for the Mini TightRope® device in the treatment of severe thumb carpometacarpal OA: first metacarpal suspension during open or arthroscopic total or partial trapeziectomy and secondary surgery after failure of trapeziectomy with or without implant interposition. The advantage of this new device, which suspends the first metacarpal off the second metacarpal, is the very short immobilization period contrary to other suspensioplasty procedures.

Arthroscopic Trapeziectomy and Suture Button Suspensionplasty: A Review of the Literature and Description of the "Three-Step Arthroscopic Trapeziectomy Technique"

In the last two decades, surgeons have rapidly developed arthroscopic techniques to treat basal joint osteoarthritis. Such techniques spare the joint capsule and ligaments, allow more accurate staging of cartilage degeneration to determine the most appropriate treatment, and decrease the risk of injury to the radial artery and superficial branch of the radial nerve. Arthroscopic resection arthroplasty of the trapezium can be performed as either partial or complete trapeziectomy. Many papers have described partial trapeziectomy but few have discussed complete trapeziectomy. Suture button implants avoid the drawbacks of temporary fixation using Kirschner wire, as well as the drawbacks of ligament reconstruction, which necessitates the sacrifice of a tendon and involves both wide exposure and scar tissue. This paper aimed to review the published data on the arthroscopic treatment of basal thumb osteoarthritis, with a special focus on stabilization using suture button suspensionplasty, and to present a technique that structures this procedure into three steps, allowing it to be performed in an easier, more organized, and faster way.

APL Lasso Suspensionplasty for Trapeziectomy

Base of thumb arthritis is a common pathology, with late-stage disease often treated by trapeziectomy and a form of ligament reconstruction or suspension. No therapeutic option for suspension or ligament reconstruction has proven to be superior to others, with risks inherent to all. Here, the authors describe a novel technique utilizing an accessory slip of abductor pollicis longus looped around the second metacarpal base to suspend the metacarpal and prevent subsidence after trapeziectomy. This technique aims to mitigate some of the risks seen in other methods, while providing similar biomechanical strength. Early clinical results are also presented.

Four-Strand Versus 2-Strand Suture-Button Constructs in First Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Study

Background: Suture-button fixation is an alternative to no fixation, first metacarpal distraction techniques, or Kirschner wire fixation after trapeziectomy in treatment of first carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis. A 4-strand suture-button construct requires a 2.7-mm tunnel, whereas a 2-strand construct requires a 1.1-mm tunnel, potentially decreasing the risk of metacarpal fracture. We compared stability and failure criteria of 4-strand versus 2-strand construct in a biomechanical model of first CMC joint arthroplasty. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen matched pairs of human cadaveric hands were randomized to receive a 4-strand or 2-strand suture-button device. Trapeziectomy and fluoroscopic measurement of the fixed posttrapeziectomy space was performed before and after cycling 1000 times at 0.2 Hz in a custom loading device. The constructs were loaded to failure and failure mechanism was noted. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in unfixed posttrapeziectomy, fixed precyclic loading, or postcyclic loading height. No difference in pinch pressure was found in any group. No difference in load to failure was observed. The 4-strand device failed through the first ray in 8 of 11 specimens, and the suture of the 2-strand device failed in 5 of 9 specimens. Conclusions: The 4-strand and 2-strand suture-button constructs provide comparable biomechanical stability for first CMC arthroplasty. If construct stability is similar between these procedures, the smaller tunnel used with the 2-strand construct may offer an advantage.

Combination Therapy Involving Ear Cartilage Transfer and Suture-Button Suspension Arthroplasty for Symptomatic Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis

We describe the short-term outcomes of combination therapy involving ear cartilage transfer and suture-button suspension arthroplasty for the treatment of symptomatic thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis. The concept is to reduce joint arthritis by separate independent approaches, which are renewing the damaged joint surface of the trapezium and first metacarpal bone suspension. Autologous ear cartilage is a desirable material for joint resurfacing arthroplasty without postoperative synovitis or infection, and it is expected to prevent bone impingement or recurrent joint arthritis when postoperative suture-button slack or failure unfortunately occurs.

Arthroscopic Hemitrapeziectomy and Suture Button Suspensionplasty in the Treatment of First Carpometacarpal Joint Eaton-Littler Stage 2-3 Arthrosis

Background  Degenerative arthritis of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a common degenerative condition in the hand. Many different surgical procedures have been applied for years. However, in the studies there is no consensus about the superiority of one technique to another. Questions/Purposes  In this study, we evaluated the results of the patients with first CMC Eaton-Littler stage 2-3 arthrosis who were operated to prevent first metacarpal joint lateral subluxation and migration with arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy and suture button suspensionplasty. Patients and Methods  Between 2011 and 2014, 21 patients (16 female, five male) were evaluated retrospectively. Mean age was 52.3 years. The preoperative and postoperative assessments were performed with visual analog scale (VAS) and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score (DASH) scores. The Kapandji's thumb opposition score was used to assess thumb range of movement. The patients were assessed after arthroscopy according to Badia classification. Results  Mean follow-up period was 50.1 months. According to Badia classification, seven patients were found to be type 2 and 14 patients were type 3. The mean preoperative Kapandji's score was 7.6 and the mean postoperative Kapandji's score was 9.2. The mean VAS values were 8.2 preoperatively and 1.9 postoperatively. The mean preoperative DASH value was 23.4 and the mean postoperative DASH value was 5.5. The mean preoperative grip strength was 66.2 and the mean postoperative grip strength was 75.1. The mean preoperative pinch strength was 14.8 and the mean postoperative pinch strength was 20.2. Conclusion  Arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy and suture button suspensionplasty is a minimal invasive technique and can be performed with low morbidity in the treatment of first CMC joint Eaton-Littler stage 2-3 arthrosis. By this technique, the patients' existing instability and pain problems can be solved. Complications, such as loosening of the suture button at the first metacarpal at the postoperative period due to direct trauma to the first CMC joint, could be avoided using a new suture button. Type of Study/ Level of Evidence  Therapeutic IV.

Delayed, Atraumatic Index Metacarpal Fracture After Trapeziectomy and Suture-Button Suspensionplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Report of Three Cases

Trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty is a surgical treatment option for thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis refractory to nonsurgical management. We describe the cases of 3 patients who presented with index metacarpal fracture, in the absence of traumatic injury, over 4 months after trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty. All 3 fractures demonstrated the same pattern: short oblique/spiral, oriented proximal radial to distal ulnar with the distal end in the vicinity of the index metacarpal button, presumably after the orientation of the metacarpal drill hole. Two of the fractures were treated with surgical fixation. Fracture healing was obtained in all cases. Two of the 3 patients remained symptomatic with thumb pain, but decided against revision treatment for the carpometacarpal osteoarthritis. The third underwent restabilization of the suture button at the time of fracture fixation. Although uncommon, index metacarpal fracture after trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty can present without trauma several months after surgery.

Basilar Thumb Arthritis: The Utility of Suture-Button Suspensionplasty

BACKGROUND

We sought to compare the functional outcomes, radiographic outcomes, and complications of trapeziectomy and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) to abductor pollicis longus (APL) side-to-side tendon transfer with or without suture-button suspensionplasty for thumb basilar joint arthritis.

METHODS

Patients treated with and without suture-button suspensionplasty were compared over a 6-year period. Data were reviewed for complications and functional outcomes, including grip and pinch strength, range of motion, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores. Plain radiographs were independently reviewed at initial presentation and at final follow-up, including proximal phalanx length, trapezial space height, and trapezial height ratio.

RESULTS

Seventy thumb arthroplasties were performed in 70 patients. Trapeziectomy with FCR-APL side-to-side tendon transfer was performed in 39 patients, and trapeziectomy with FCR-APL side-to-side tendon transfer with suture-button suspensionplasty was performed in 31 patients. Mean length of follow-up was 28.4 ± 3.9 and 23.8 ± 2.6 months, respectively. Postoperative grip, oppositional and appositional pinch strength, and VAS pain scores improved compared with preoperative values, but were not significantly different based on suture-button suspensionplasty. Percentage decline in trapezial space ratio was significantly different between groups at 36.7% and 20.4% for procedures with and without suture-button suspensionplasty, respectively indicating that the trapezial space was better maintained within the suture suspension cohort. The incidence of postoperative complications, including surgical site infection, paresthesias, reoperation, complex regional pain syndrome, and symptomatic subsidence, was not significantly different between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Trapeziectomy with FCR to APL side-to-side tendon transfer with and without suture-button suspensionplasty results in comparable improvement in pain, grip strength, and functional parameters. Suture-button suspensionplasty results in significantly greater preservation of trapezial space.

Failed Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty: Common Etiologies and Surgical Options for Revision

Carpometacarpal (CMC) arthroplasty surgery, although modifications have occurred over time, continues to be commonly performed and has provided patients with their desired pain relief and return of function. The complications of primary surgery, although relatively rare, can present in various clinical ways. An understanding of the underlying anatomy, pathology of coexisting conditions, and specific techniques used in the primary surgery is required to make the best recommendation for a patient with residual pain following primary CMC arthroplasty. The purpose of this review is to provide insights into the history of CMC arthroplasty and reasons for failure and to offer an algorithmic treatment approach for the clinical problem of persistent postoperative symptoms.

Suture-Button Device Stabilization Following Ring Finger Ray Amputation: A Comparative Cadaver Study

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to determine whether placing the suture-button device between the long and small finger metacarpals following ring finger ray amputation may better close the intermetacarpal gap and allow early range of motion without increasing the risk of malrotation than soft tissue repair alone.

METHODS

We performed ray amputation of the ring finger of 14 cadaver specimens by performing an osteotomy of the base of the ring finger metacarpal and then excising the remainder of the digit. We first performed a soft tissue repair of the transverse metacarpal ligaments and then cycled the fingers in simulated active flexion and extension on a custom computer-controlled device to re-create 6 weeks of range of motion. We then placed a suture-button device across the long and small finger metacarpals and tested the specimens again, thereby using each hand as an internal control.

RESULTS

The distance between the ring and small finger metacarpals was reduced following suture-button device placement compared with the initial control; this spacing was maintained following complete cycling of the fingers. The angle between the metacarpals was divergent following soft tissue repair, and then became slightly convergent after insertion of the suture-button device. None of the hands developed clinically relevant scissoring of the digits before or after application of the suture-button device.

CONCLUSIONS

The suture-button device provides stable fixation to withstand early range of motion following ring finger ray amputation and significantly closes the gap and angle between the adjacent metacarpals without causing scissoring.

An anatomical study on the effectiveness of Arthrex Mini TightRope® ligament reconstruction in an unstable trapeziometacarpal joint

INTRODUCTION

Laxity in the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint is a debilitating condition usually affecting a young population. It can be treated operatively with ligament reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Arthrex Mini TightRope^® in reinforcing the stabilizing ligaments in an unstable TMC joint without decreasing the range of motion of the thumb. This method was compared with the "gold standard" published by Eaton and Littler in 1973.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Six fresh frozen arms from five cadavers were included. TMC joint laxity was measured on stress view radiographs as the ratio of the radial subluxation (RS) of the first metacarpal in relation to the trapezium, by the first metacarpal articular width (AW) (as described by Wolf in 2009). Measurements of the pre- and post-operative range of motion (ROM) were performed and compared.

RESULTS

Both the Arthrex Mini TightRope^® and the Eaton-Littler stabilization improved the stability of the TMC joint. The pre-operative laxity value (ratio RS/AW) of 0.27 was significantly (P = 0.02) improved by each of the surgical interventions (Eaton-Littler RS/AW = 0.05 and Tightrope RS/AW = 0.09). The pre- and post-operative range of motion was not significantly different by each of the surgical interventions. There were no significant differences between the two stabilizing methods regarding laxity or range of motion.

CONCLUSION

The Arthrex Mini TightRope^® provided a good stabilization method for the TMC joint in this anatomical model without compromising the range of motion.

Long-term Outcomes of Partial Trapeziectomy With Capsular Interposition Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis of the Thumb Basal Joint

The purpose of this study was to describe long-term outcomes of partial trapeziectomy with capsular interposition (PTCI) arthroplasty for patients with osteoarthritis of the basal joint of the thumb. A total of 27 patients (20 women, 7 men; 32 thumbs) with a mean age of 61 years (range, 47-74 years) agreed to return for follow-up and were included in the study. Mean postoperative follow-up was 64.3 months (range, 28-112 months). Evaluation included tests for grip and pinch strength; range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint; measurement of the first web space; completion of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire; visual analog scale (VAS) measurements; and radiographic examination of the hand. A paired, 2-tailed t test was used to determine statistical significance (P<.05) of pre- and postoperative values. Postoperative values for grip strength were significantly increased from preoperative values. No significant loss of pinch strength was noted. Excessive hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint did not occur, and the first web space was maintained. The mean DASH questionnaire and VAS scores were 5.06 (range, 0-26.5) and 0.32, respectively. Use of PTCI arthroplasty resulted in minimal loss in thumb height (7%) and significantly reduced thumb metacarpal subluxation (13%). There were no reported complications. The low DASH questionnaire and VAS scores compare well with other studies and indicate good functional outcomes. In treating thumb basal joint osteoarthritis, use of PTCI arthroplasty may result in improved thumb stability and grip strength, minimal subsidence of the thumb metacarpal, and reduced joint subluxation. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(2):e228-e233.].

Comparative Evaluation of Surgical Procedures with Clinical Equipoise: the Unique Perspective of Our Hand Therapy Colleagues

BACKGROUND

There are several accepted surgical treatment options available for carpal tunnel syndrome, thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMC), osteoarthritis (OA), and wrist degenerative joint disease.

QUESTIONS/PURPOSES

We sought to obtain the views and preferences from a cohort of certified hand therapists (CHT) and hypothesized that this source may identify differences in procedures that are otherwise widely believed to have clinical equipoise.

METHODS

Five hundred twelve CHTs were surveyed regarding their experience, volume, and referral base along with their subjective assessments and preferences regarding open versus endoscopic carpal tunnel release (CTR), various surgical procedures for CMC OA, and proximal row carpectomy (PRC) versus 4-corner fusion (4-CF).

RESULTS

The average CHT surveyed had 15.2 years experience and had a referral base of 7.7 different hand surgeons. Twenty-seven percent of respondents perceived superior pain control and incisional tenderness following open CTR compared to that of endoscopic CTR. However, 68% of CHTs would elect to undergo an open CTR themselves. There was no clear consensus for the optimal reconstructive technique for thumb CMC OA. As compared to that of 4-CF, PRC was thought to result in superior pain control (34 versus 22%), motion (43 versus 18%), and earlier discharge from therapy (32 versus 19%); however, 53% of respondents would prefer a 4-CF for themselves.

CONCLUSIONS

Hand therapists are intimately involved in the care of surgical patients and provide an educated and unique source for evaluating postoperative outcomes.

Failed Suture Button Suspensionplasty of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Salvaged Using Pyrocarbon Arthroplasty

Carpometacarpal joint arthritis of the thumb is a common problem. Mini suture suspensionplasty has been reported as a successful treatment option. We describe a case of a ruptured suture button suspensionplasty that caused pain and thumb metacarpal subluxation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported mechanical failure of a suture suspensionplasty. Surgeons should be aware of this potential complication when using this device to treat thumb carpometacarpal arthritis surgically.

Mean 5-Year Follow-up for Suture Button Suspensionplasty in the Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis

PURPOSE

Suture button suspensionplasty (SBS) has been used to treat thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (CMC joint OA). Although promising short-term outcomes have been reported, no outcomes beyond 4 years have been published. The aim of this article is to report intermediate outcomes of SBS.

METHODS

We reviewed the charts of 14 patients who underwent 16 SBS procedures for symptomatic thumb CMC joint OA. We recorded demographic data, preoperative Eaton stage, length of follow-up, Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire scores, as well as pinch strength, grip strength, range of motion, and metacarpal subsidence. Operative time and postoperative complications were documented.

RESULTS

Average age was 64 years. There were 12 women and 2 men. Preoperative Eaton stages were III and IV in 8 thumbs each. Mean operative time was 93 minutes. Mean follow-up was 64 months with mean Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score improvement of 58.2. Mean palmar and radial abduction were 105% and 97%, respectively, of the nonsurgical thumb. Kapandji scores for all operated thumbs were either 9 or 10. Pinch and grip strength were 107% and 102%, respectively, of the nonsurgical side. Mean trapezial space height was 71%. One patient underwent removal of a symptomatic implant and 2 patients had transient neuropraxia of the dorsal radial sensory nerve.

CONCLUSIONS

Favorable outcomes (improvement in range of motion and pain relief) of SBS remain durable over time. Our results show that improvement in strength may also be expected over time when using SBS after trapeziectomy for the treatment of thumb CMC joint OA.

TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic IV.

Biomechanical Comparison of Suture-Button Suspensionplasty and LRTI for Basilar Thumb Arthritis

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the initial biomechanical strength of trapeziectomy and suture-button suspensionplasty (SBS) with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) for thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis in a cadaveric model. Methods: Eight matched pairs of below-elbow cadaveric arms were used for this study. Each specimen was randomly assigned to either receive a trapeziectomy and LRTI (LRTI group) or trapeziectomy and SBS (SBS group). Using previously described and validated testing protocols, physiological key pinch was simulated. The thumb metacarpal was then incrementally loaded from 5 to 20 lbs, using 5-lb increments. Metacarpal subsidence during physiological key pinch and incremental loading was determined using radiographic measurements of trapezial space height. Results: The average pretesting trapezial space height did not differ significantly between the LRTI (11.9 mm) and SBS (13.7 mm) groups. After simulated physiological key pinch, the SBS group had significantly greater average trapezial space height compared with the LRTI group (8.0 mm vs 5.5 mm). For each incremental metacarpal load from 5 to 20 lbs, the SBS group had significantly greater average trapezial space height than the LRTI group. Conclusions: In a cadaveric model, SBS demonstrates greater resistance to metacarpal subsidence with immediate loading compared with LRTI.