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Fitzpatrick AM, Huang M, Mohammad AF, Stephenson ST, Kamaleswaran R, Grunwell JR. Dysfunctional neutrophil type 1 interferon responses in preschool children with recurrent wheezing and IL-4-mediated aeroallergen sensitization. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100229. [PMID: 38510797 PMCID: PMC10950716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background The innate mechanisms associated with viral exacerbations in preschool children with recurrent wheezing are not understood. Objective We sought to assess differential gene expression in blood neutrophils from preschool children with recurrent wheezing, stratified by aeroallergen sensitization, at baseline and after exposure to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and also to examine whether poly(I:C)-stimulated blood neutrophils influenced airway epithelial gene expression. Methods Blood neutrophils were purified and cultured overnight with poly(I:C) and underwent next-generation sequencing with Reactome pathway analysis. Primary human small airway epithelial cells were treated with poly(I:C)-treated neutrophil culture supernatants and were analyzed for type 1 interferon gene expression with a targeted array. Symptoms and exacerbations were assessed in participants over 12 months. Results A total of 436 genes were differently expressed in neutrophils from children with versus without aeroallergen sensitization at baseline, with significant downregulation of type 1 interferons. These type 1 interferons were significantly upregulated in sensitized children after poly(I:C) stimulation. Confirmatory experiments demonstrated similar upregulation of type 1 interferons in IL-4-treated neutrophils stimulated with poly(I:C). Poly(I:C)-treated neutrophil supernatants from children with aeroallergen sensitization also induced a type 1 interferon response in epithelial cells. Children with aeroallergen sensitization also had higher symptom scores during exacerbations, and these symptom differences persisted for 3 days after prednisolone treatment. Conclusions Type 1 interferon responses are dysregulated in preschool children with aeroallergen sensitization, which is in turn associated with exacerbation severity. Given the importance of type 1 interferon signaling in viral resolution, additional studies of neutrophil type 1 interferon responses are needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | | | | | - Jocelyn R. Grunwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
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da Fonseca FM, Sato AP, Becker APBB, da Paz Augusto Pinto GO, de Souza GS, Perotta JH, de Barros Filho IR, Rodriguez MC, Locatelli-Dittrich R. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in milk of dairy cows from southern Brazil. Parasitol Int 2023; 95:102750. [PMID: 36925059 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk may be a transmission route for some pathogenic microorganisms, but there is little information about the risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Blood and milk samples were collected in a paired and random fashion from 106 dairy cows and bulk-tank milk samples were also collected from each of the six farms, in southern Brazil. Serum anti-T.gondii antibodies (IgG) were detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with a cutoff point of 1:64. Nested PCR targeting the ITS1 was performed on milk samples to detect the Sarcocystidae family, confirmed to be T.gondii by Sanger sequencing. The occurrence of anti-T.gondii antibodies in the herds was 14.1%, (15/106) with seropositive cows in all herds. Antibody titers in positive samples ranged from 64 to 128. T.gondii DNA was detected in 2.8% (03/106) of the milk samples. The ITS1 sequences generated in this study were ON809793 - ON809794 and the sequencing revealed 98-100% identity with T. gondii DNA sequences deposited in GenBank. All cows PCR positive for T.gondii in milk were negative for IgG antibodies in serum, suggesting that naturally infected cows may shed T. gondii in milk in the acute phase of infection. The results of this study demonstrate that T. gondii DNA may be detected in raw cow's milk, so the potential risks of lactogenic infection should be considered. The presence of T. gondii DNA in milk does not confirm that the protozoa are viable and infective, and further investigations into the role of cow's milk in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Moreira da Fonseca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Sato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Brenner Busch Becker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Henrique Perotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivan Roque de Barros Filho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Constanza Rodriguez
- Marcos Enrietti Diagnostic Center, Parana State Agency for Agricultural Defense, R. Jaime Balão, 575, 80040-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Locatelli-Dittrich
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Sreenivasan PK, Prasad K. Increase in the level of oral neutrophils with gingival inflammation - A population survey. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:795-801. [PMID: 36570581 PMCID: PMC9767864 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Host responses to oral inflammation include a continuous and substantive response with the influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). PMN, referred to as first responders, migrate rapidly from the circulatory system through the connective tissue to mitigate stimuli and localize in the saliva. This study examined the relationship between the well-established clinical indices of gingivitis and dental plaque and the PMN level. Materials and Methods This study enrolled adults aged 18-75 years, who provided voluntary informed consent. Oral rinse samples were collected from 159 participants to estimate the PMN levels prior to the full-mouth assessment for gingivitis and dental plaque using the respective clinical indices. Results The gingival index and dental plaque index scores were in the range of 0.098-2.71 and 0.73-4.78, respectively. Regardless of the age and gender, higher number of PMN was observed with higher gingival index and dental plaque index scores. Our analyses indicated a significant correlation between the oral PMN level and gingival index with a correlation coefficient of 0.66 (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the correlation between the PMN level and dental plaque index was statistically significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.57 (p < 0.0001). Regression analysis identified a significant relationship between the PMN level and clinical indices (p < 0.0005). Conclusions Increase in the PMN levels with increasing clinical scores (gingival and dental plaque indices) reflect the oral inflammatory burden, irrespective of age or gender. These observations warrant future studies on participants stratified by health status and research directed toward examining the effects of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem K. Sreenivasan
- HITLAB, 3960 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA,Corresponding author at: HITLAB, 3960 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - K.V.V.Kakarla Prasad
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Affiliated to SDM University, Dharwad 580009, India
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Ghosh P, Campos VJ, Vo DT, Guccione C, Goheen-Holland V, Tindle C, Mazzini GS, He Y, Alexandrov LB, Lippman SM, Gurski RR, Das S, Yadlapati R, Curtius K, Sahoo D. AI-assisted discovery of an ethnicity-influenced driver of cell transformation in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161334. [PMID: 36134663 PMCID: PMC9675486 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Barrett's metaplasia of the esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs), drivers of cellular transformation in BE remain incompletely understood. We use an artificial intelligence-guided network approach to study EAC initiation and progression. Key predictions are subsequently validated in a human organoid model, in patient-derived biopsy specimens of BE, a case-control study of genomics of BE progression, and in a cross-sectional study of 113 patients with BE and EACs. Our model classified healthy esophagus from BE and BE from EACs in several publicly available gene expression data sets (n = 932 samples). The model confirmed that all EACs must originate from BE and pinpointed a CXCL8/IL8↔neutrophil immune microenvironment as a driver of cellular transformation in EACs and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas. This driver is prominent in White individuals but is notably absent in African Americans (AAs). Network-derived gene signatures, independent signatures of neutrophil processes, CXCL8/IL8 expression, and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) are associated with risk of progression. SNPs associated with changes in ANC by ethnicity (e.g., benign ethnic neutropenia [BEN]) modify that risk. Findings define a racially influenced immunological basis for cell transformation and suggest that BEN in AAs may be a deterrent to BE→EAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Medicine
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, and
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vinicius J. Campos
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Caitlin Guccione
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vanae Goheen-Holland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, and
| | - Courtney Tindle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, and
| | - Guilherme S. Mazzini
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Surgical Scienceas, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yudou He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Scott M. Lippman
- Department of Medicine
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard R. Gurski
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Surgical Scienceas, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical School of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Soumita Das
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, and
- Department of Pathology and
| | | | - Kit Curtius
- Department of Medicine
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob’s School of Engineering, UCSD, California, La Jolla, USA
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Nuzzi R, Bergandi L, Zabetta LC, D’Errico L, Riscaldino F, Menegon S, Silvagno F. In vitro generation of primary cultures of human hyalocytes. Mol Vis 2020; 26:818-829. [PMID: 33456301 PMCID: PMC7803295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A growing number of studies on animal models have demonstrated that some ocular diseases are the result of the interaction between hyalocytes and the ocular inflammatory setting. Endogenous and exogenous substances might alter the structure and behavior of hyalocytes that can contribute to the pathogenesis of some ocular diseases. Obtaining primary cultures of human hyalocytes could help understand the role of these cells in response to different treatments. Methods Hyalocytes were isolated from eyes of 54 patient volunteers subjected to vitrectomy for different clinical reasons. By testing different matrices and growth media, we reproducibly generated primary cultures of hyalocytes that we characterized morphologically and biologically, basally and upon treatment with several agents (basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor subunit-BB (PDGF-BB), ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and hydrogen peroxide). Results We were able to generate primary cultures from vitreous human samples, growing the cells on collagen-coated plates in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum; primary cells expressed the hyalocyte markers. Specific cytoskeletal modifications were observed upon treatment with bFGF, TGF-β, PDGF-BB, ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and hydrogen peroxide. Only bFGF was able to promote cell growth and hyaluronic acid production. Conclusions We describe for the first time the generation and the characterization of primary cultures of human hyalocytes from living donors. Although human hyalocytes share some characteristics with animal hyalocytes, human hyalocytes have their own features typical of the species, confirming how important human experimental models are for investigating human pathologies and their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Nuzzi
- Eye Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Coda Zabetta
- Eye Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura D’Errico
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Riscaldino
- Eye Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Menegon
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Morris MC, Pichichero ME. Streptococcus pneumoniae burden and nasopharyngeal inflammation during acute otitis media. Innate Immun 2017; 23:667-677. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425917737825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common respiratory pathogen and a frequent cause of acute otitis media (AOM) in children. The first step in bacterial pathogenesis of AOM is the establishment of asymptomatic colonization in the nasopharynx. We studied Spn bacterial burden in conjunction with neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory gene transcription and cytokine secretion in samples of nasal wash collected from normal and otitis-prone children during health, viral upper respiratory infection without middle ear involvement (URI) and AOM. We found no significant associations between otitis-prone status and any of the measured parameters. However, Spn bacterial burden was significantly correlated with neutrophil recruitment, transcription of IL-8, TNF-α and SOD2, and secretion of TNF-α. We also found that transcription of IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA by neutrophils was significantly correlated with the secretion of these cytokines into the nasopharynx. We conclude that Spn bacterial burden in the NP is a major determinant of neutrophil recruitment to the NP and activity during URI and AOM, and that neutrophils are contributors to the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α in the NP when the Spn burden is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Morris
- Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, USA
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