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Rivera JGB, Albério CAA, Vieira JLF. Influence of sex on the exposure to isoniazid in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e56. [PMID: 37878973 PMCID: PMC10588987 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid is a key component of tuberculosis treatment. Adequate exposure is a determinant for therapeutic success; however, considerable inter- and intraindividual variations in drug plasma levels can lead to unfavorable outcomes. While some predictors of isoniazid levels are well-known, others, such as sex, yield controversial results, requiring further investigation to optimize exposure. This study investigates whether the sex of patients influences the dose administered and the concentrations of isoniazid in plasma. Levels of isoniazid were associated with the N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotypes. A total of 76 male and 58 female patients were included. Isoniazid was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotypes were assessed using molecular techniques. The results show that the dose administered, expressed in mg/kg, was higher in females, but the plasma levels were similar between both sexes. Among patients, 46.2%, 38.8%, and 15% were slow, intermediate, and fast acetylators, respectively. As expected, isoniazid levels were associated with the acetylation phenotypes, with higher concentrations in the slow acetylators. Thus, sex-related difference in isoniazid levels is due to the body weight of patients, and the optimized dose regimen based on patient weight and acetylator phenotypes can improve the treatment outcomes.
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Sileshi T, Telele NF, Burkley V, Makonnen E, Aklillu E. Correlation of N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype and acetylation status with plasma isoniazid concentration and its metabolic ratio in ethiopian tuberculosis patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11438. [PMID: 37454203 PMCID: PMC10349800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable treatment outcomes for tuberculosis (TB) treatment might result from altered plasma exposure to antitubercular drugs in TB patients. The present study investigated the distribution of the N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype, isoniazid acetylation status, genotype-phenotype concordance of NAT2, and isoniazid plasma exposure among Ethiopian tuberculosis patients. Blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed TB patients receiving a fixed dose combination of first-line antitubercular drugs daily. Genotyping of NAT2 was done using TaqMan drug metabolism assay. Isoniazid and its metabolite concentration were determined using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 120 patients (63 male and 57 female) were enrolled in this study. The mean daily dose of isoniazid was 4.71 mg/kg. The frequency of slow, intermediate, and fast NAT2 acetylators genotypes were 74.2%, 22.4%, and 3.3% respectively. The overall median isoniazid maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 4.77 µg/mL and the AUC0-7 h was 11.21 µg.h/mL. The median Cmax in slow, intermediate, and fast acetylators were 5.65, 3.44, and 2.47 μg/mL, respectively. The median AUC0-7 h hour in slow, intermediate, and fast acetylators were 13.1, 6.086, and 3.73 mg•h/L, respectively. The majority (87.5%) of the study participants achieved isoniazid Cmax of above 3 µg/mL, which is considered a lower limit for a favorable treatment outcome. There is 85% concordance between the NAT2 genotype and acetylation phenotypes. NAT2 genotype, female sex, and dose were independent predictors of Cmax and AUC0-7 h (p < 0.001). Our finding revealed that there is a high frequency of slow NAT2 genotypes. The plasma Cmax of isoniazid was higher in the female and slow acetylators genotype group. The overall target plasma isoniazid concentrations in Ethiopian tuberculosis patients were achieved in the majority of the patients. Therefore, it is important to monitor adverse drug reactions and the use of a higher dose of isoniazid should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesemma Sileshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Nigus Fikrie Telele
- Department of Laboratory Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Burkley
- Department of Laboratory Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eleni Aklillu
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dabitao D, Bishai WR. Sex and Gender Differences in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Treatment Outcomes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:139-183. [PMID: 37695428 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a daunting public health concern in many countries of the world. A consistent observation in the global epidemiology of tuberculosis is an excess of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis among males compared with females. Data from both humans and animals also suggest that males are more susceptible than females to develop active pulmonary disease. Similarly, male sex has been associated with poor treatment outcomes. Despite this growing body of evidence, little is known about the mechanisms driving sex bias in tuberculosis disease. Two dominant hypotheses have been proposed to explain the predominance of active pulmonary tuberculosis among males. The first is based on the contribution of biological factors, such as sex hormones and genetic factors, on host immunity during tuberculosis. The second is focused on non-biological factors such as smoking, professional exposure, and health-seeking behaviors, known to be influenced by gender. In this chapter, we review the literature regarding these two prevailing hypotheses by presenting human but also experimental animal studies. In addition, we presented studies aiming at examining the impact of sex and gender on other clinical forms of tuberculosis such as latent tuberculosis infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which both appear to have their own specificities in relation to sex. We also highlighted potential intersections between sex and gender in the context of tuberculosis and shared future directions that could guide in elucidating mechanisms of sex-based differences in tuberculosis pathogenesis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djeneba Dabitao
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - William R Bishai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Wada PY, Costa AG, Araújo-Pereira M, Barreto-Duarte B, Souza AB, Rocha MS, Figueiredo MC, Turner MM, Rolla VC, Kritski AL, Cordeiro-Santos M, Andrade BB, Sterling TR, Rebeiro PF. Possible sex difference in latent tuberculosis infection risk among close tuberculosis contacts. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:685-692. [PMID: 35843494 PMCID: PMC10041676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES More men than women develop and die of tuberculosis (TB). Fewer data exist on sex differences in latent TB infection (LTBI). We assessed for potential sex differences in LTBI acquisition among close TB contacts. METHODS Regional Prospective Observational Research for TB-Brazil is an observational multi-center cohort of individuals with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and their close contacts. Participants were enrolled from five sites in Brazil from June 2015 - June 2019. Close contacts were followed for 24 months after enrollment, with LTBI defined as a positive interferon-γ release assay (IGRA; QuantiFERON 3rd or 4th generation) at baseline or 6 months. We performed univariate, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression and propensity-score weighted models to assess odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for LTBI acquisition by birth sex among close contacts. RESULTS Of 1093, 504 (46%) female close contacts were IGRA positive compared to 295 of 745 (40%) men. The unadjusted OR for IGRA positivity among women vs men was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.08-1.58). Bivariate adjustments yielded ORs in women vs men ranging from 1.19 to 1.33 (P-value range: <0.01-0.07). Multivariable regression and weighted models yielded similar ORs in women vs men, of 1.14 (95% CI: 0.92-1.41) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.94-1.40), respectively. CONCLUSION The point estimate for LTBI among close TB contacts in Brazil was higher in women, though less pronounced in multivariable models. If the sex difference in LTBI is confirmed in additional settings, studies of possible underlying differences in socio-behavioral factors or TB pathogenesis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Y Wada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA.
| | - Allyson G Costa
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alexandra B Souza
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Michael S Rocha
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Instituto Brasileiro para Investigação da Tuberculose, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marina C Figueiredo
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Megan M Turner
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Valeria C Rolla
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Micobacteriose, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Afrânio L Kritski
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil; Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA; Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Micobacteriose, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil; Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil; Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Timothy R Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA; Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA.
| | - Peter F Rebeiro
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
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High burden of adverse drug reactions to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in people living with HIV at three tertiary hospitals in Uganda: associated factors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 89:215-221. [PMID: 34693930 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV is one of the most important risk factors for TB-related morbidity and mortality. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is recommended to prevent latent TB reactivation in HIV patients. However, due to multiple therapies and comorbidities these patients are predisposed to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of suspected IPT-linked ADRs in HIV-positive patients using IPT. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2020 at three regional referral hospitals (RRHs) in central Uganda. We sampled 660 HIV-positive patients aged 10 years and older who received IPT between July and December 2019 inclusive. Patients were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and their treatment records were reviewed. A modified poisson regression model with clustered robust standard errors was used to identify factors associated with suspected IPT-linked ADRs. RESULTS The prevalence of the suspected ADRs was 51 % (334/660; 95% CI: 18% - 83%). Patients' self-reported 7-fold more suspected ADRs than were documented by the Health Care Workers (HCWs). Musculoskeletal symptoms were the most frequently experienced reaction (14%) followed by dizziness (13%) and peripheral neuropathy (11%). Serious suspected ADRs were experienced by 12 % of the study participants; the most common were hepatotoxicity (26%), dizziness (23%) and neuropathy (17%). Female sex (aPR: 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88-0.95), study site (aPR: 1.09, 95% CI = 1.09-1.18), level of education (aPR: 0.94, 95% CI = 0.94-0.99) and history of TB (aPR: 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87-0.99), good IPT adherence (aPR: 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05-1.29) and use of protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART (aPR: 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.02) were significantly associated with suspected IPT-linked ADRs. CONCLUSION The prevalence of suspected IPT-linked ADRs is high and hepatotoxicity is the most commonly reported serious suspected ADR. Patients self-reported more suspected ADRs than were documented by HCWs. Patient engagement could improve ADR detection and potentially strengthen the pharmacovigilance system. High ADR-risk patients ought to be monitored regularly to enable early detection and management.
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Morojele NK, Shenoi SV, Shuper PA, Braithwaite RS, Rehm J. Alcohol Use and the Risk of Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:3317. [PMID: 34684318 PMCID: PMC8540096 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The body of knowledge on alcohol use and communicable diseases has been growing in recent years. Using a narrative review approach, this paper discusses alcohol's role in the acquisition of and treatment outcomes from four different communicable diseases: these include three conditions included in comparative risk assessments to date-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and lower respiratory infections/pneumonia-as well as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of its recent and rapid ascension as a global health concern. Alcohol-attributable TB, HIV, and pneumonia combined were responsible for approximately 360,000 deaths and 13 million disability-adjusted life years lost (DALYs) in 2016, with alcohol-attributable TB deaths and DALYs predominating. There is strong evidence that alcohol is associated with increased incidence of and poorer treatment outcomes from HIV, TB, and pneumonia, via both behavioral and biological mechanisms. Preliminary studies suggest that heavy drinkers and those with alcohol use disorders are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection and severe illness. Aside from HIV research, limited research exists that can guide interventions for addressing alcohol-attributable TB and pneumonia or COVID-19. Implementation of effective individual-level interventions and alcohol control policies as a means of reducing the burden of communicable diseases is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neo K. Morojele
- Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Sheela V. Shenoi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Paul A. Shuper
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (P.A.S.); (J.R.)
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ronald Scott Braithwaite
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10013, USA;
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (P.A.S.); (J.R.)
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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de Aguiar RM, da Silva Vieira MAM, de Almeida IN, de Paula Ramalho DM, Ruffino-Netto A, Carvalho ACC, Kritski AL. Factors associated with non-completion of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A non-matched case control study. Pulmonology 2020; 28:350-357. [PMID: 32513638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are scarce data on the routine latent tuberculosis infection treatment (LTBIT) and factors associated with a non-completion in high tuberculosis burden countries. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the factors associated with non-completion of LTBIT. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a non-matched case control study conducted at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 114 cases and 404 controls were enrolled between January/1999 and December/2009. Cases were close contacts who did not complete the LTBIT and controls were the contacts that completed it. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate risk factors associated with non-completion of LTBIT among contacts in two different periods of recruitment. RESULTS Factors associated with non-completion LTBIT included: drug use (OR 23.33, 95% CI 1.83-296.1), TB treatment default by the index case (OR 16.97, 95% CI 3.63-79.24) and drug intolerance. TB disease rates after two years of follow up varied from 0.4% to 1.9%. The number necessary to treat to prevent one TB case among contacts was 116. CONCLUSIONS Non-completion treatment by the index case and illicit drug use were associated with not completing latent tuberculosis infection treatment and no tuberculosis disease was identified among those who completed latent tuberculosis infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M de Aguiar
- Tuberculosis Academic Program of Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M A M da Silva Vieira
- Tuberculosis Academic Program of Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I N de Almeida
- Laboratory of Mycobacteria Research of Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - D M de Paula Ramalho
- Tuberculosis Academic Program of Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Ruffino-Netto
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C C Carvalho
- Laboratory of Innovation in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A L Kritski
- Tuberculosis Academic Program of Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chung SJ, Lee H, Koo GW, Min JH, Yeo Y, Park DW, Park TS, Moon JY, Kim SH, Kim TH, Sohn JW, Yoon HJ. Adherence to nine-month isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers: a prospective study in a tertiary hospital. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6462. [PMID: 32296096 PMCID: PMC7160120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor adherence to medication can lead to treatment failure in healthcare workers (HWCs) with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) who are at high risk of developing active tuberculosis. However, the factors associated with non-completion of nine-month LTBI treatment with isoniazid (9 H) have not been well studied. We investigated the completion rate and factors affecting adherence to LTBI treatment with 9 H among HCWs. A prospective cohort study of 114 HCWs who were diagnosed with LTBI by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube tests were performed in a single university hospital between June 2016 and December 2017. All patients received the 9 H LTBI treatment. At each visit, treatment adherence and development of adverse reactions to isoniazid were evaluated via a standard questionnaire. To evaluate the impact of the severity of hepatotoxicity on non-completion of LTBI treatment, we classified hepatotoxicity into two groups: severe hepatotoxicity was defined as alanine aminotransferase >3.0 times the upper normal limit (UNL) with symptoms or = 5.0 times the UNL. Mild hepatotoxicity was defined as alanine aminotransferase>UNL, but not meet the definition of severe hepatotoxicity. Overall, 71 HCWs (62.3%) completed LTBI treatment with 9 H while 43 HCWs (37.7%) discontinued their treatment. Most discontinuation (81.4%, 35/43) occurred during the first three months of treatment. There were no significant differences in age, sex, occupation, or comorbidities between the HCWs who completed and those who discontinued LTBI treatment. However, HCWs who discontinued LTBI treatment had more hepatotoxicity than those who completed treatment (44.2% vs. 11.3%, P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that hepatotoxicity is the only factor significantly associated with discontinuation of 9 H LTBI treatment (unadjusted HR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.62–5.46). In multivariable analysis, not only severe hepatotoxicity (adjusted HR = 7.99, 95% CI = 3.05–20.94) but also mild hepatotoxicity was significantly associated with discontinuation of LTBI treatment (adjusted HR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.05–5.21). The completion rate of 9 H LTBI treatment was 62.3% among HCWs. While age, sex, occupation, and pretreatment comorbidities were not associated with treatment completion, isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity significantly affected adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun Woo Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoomi Yeo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Plourde PJ, Basham CA, Derksen S, Schultz J, McCulloch S, Larcombe L, Kinew KA, Lix LM. Latent tuberculosis treatment completion rates from prescription drug administrative data. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2019; 110:705-713. [PMID: 31297736 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-019-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the province of Manitoba, Canada, given that latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is provided at no cost to the patient, treatment completion rates should be optimal. The objective of this study was to estimate LTBI treatment completion using prescription drug administrative data and identify patient characteristics associated with completion. METHODS Prescription drug data (1999-2014) were used to identify individuals dispensed isoniazid (INH) or rifampin (RIF) monotherapy. Treatment completion was defined as being dispensed INH for ≥ 180 days (INH180) or ≥ 270 days (INH270) or RIF for ≥ 120 days (RIF120). Logistic regression models tested socio-demographic and comorbidity characteristics associated with treatment completion. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 4985 (90.4%) persons dispensed INH and 529 (9.6%) RIF. Overall treatment completion was 60.2% and improved from 43.1% in 1999-2003 to 67.3% in 2009-2014. INH180 showed the highest completion (63.8%) versus INH270 (40.4%) and RIF120 (27.0%). INH180 completion was higher among those aged 0-18 years (68.5%) compared with those aged 19+ (61.0%). Sex, geography, First Nations status, income quintile, and comorbidities were not associated with completion. CONCLUSIONS Benchmark 80% treatment completion rates were not achieved in Manitoba. Factors associated with non-completion were older age, INH270, and RIF120. Access to shorter LTBI treatments, such as rifapentine/INH, may improve treatment completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Plourde
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. .,Integrated Tuberculosis Services, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, 490 Hargrave Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 0X7, Canada.
| | - Christopher A Basham
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Linda Larcombe
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kathi Avery Kinew
- Nanaandawewigamig, First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Canada
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Jiménez-Fuentes MÁ, Milà Augé C, Solsona Peiró J, de Souza-Galvão ML. Tratamiento de la infección tuberculosa latente en una unidad clínica de tuberculosis. Arch Bronconeumol 2018; 54:484-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pease C, Hutton B, Yazdi F, Wolfe D, Hamel C, Barbeau P, Skidmore B, Alvarez GG. A systematic review of adverse events of rifapentine and isoniazid compared to other treatments for latent tuberculosis infection. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018; 27:557-566. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Canada
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Ottawa University School of Epidemiology; Ottawa Canada
| | | | - Dianna Wolfe
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gonzalo G. Alvarez
- Ottawa Hospital; Ottawa Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Canada
- Ottawa University Faculty of Medicine; Ottawa Canada
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12
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Barriers to treatment adherence for individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: A systematic search and narrative synthesis of the literature. Int J Health Plann Manage 2018; 33:e416-e433. [DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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13
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Wingfield T, Tovar MA, Huff D, Boccia D, Saunders MJ, Datta S, Montoya R, Ramos E, Lewis JJ, Gilman RH, Evans C. Beyond pills and tests: addressing the social determinants of tuberculosis. Clin Med (Lond) 2016; 16:s79-s91. [PMID: 27956446 PMCID: PMC6329567 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-6-s79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Poverty drives tuberculosis (TB) rates but the approach to TB control has been disproportionately biomedical. In 2015, the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy explicitly identified the need to address the social determinants of TB through socio-economic interventions. However, evidence concerning poverty reduction and cost mitigation strategies is limited. The research described in this article, based on the 2016 Royal College of Physicians Linacre Lecture, aimed to address this knowledge gap. The research was divided into two phases: the first phase was an analysis of a cohort study identifying TB-related costs of TB-affected households and creating a clinically relevant threshold above which those costs became catastrophic; the second was the design, implementation and evaluation of a household randomised controlled evaluation of socio-economic support to improve access to preventive therapy, increase TB cure, and mitigate the effects of catastrophic costs. The first phase showed TB remains a disease of people living in poverty - 'free' TB care was unaffordable for impoverished TB-affected households and incurring catastrophic costs was associated with as many adverse TB treatment outcomes (including death, failure of treatment, lost to follow-up and TB recurrence) as multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. The second phase showed that, in TB-affected households receiving socio-economic support, household contacts were more likely to start and adhere to TB preventive therapy, TB patients were more likely to be cured and households were less likely to incur catastrophic costs. In impoverished Peruvian shantytowns, poverty remains inextricably linked with TB and incurring catastrophic costs predicted adverse TB treatment outcome. A novel socio-economic support intervention increased TB preventive therapy uptake, improved TB treatment success and reduced catastrophic costs. The impact of the intervention on TB control is currently being evaluated by the Community Randomized Evaluation of a Socio-economic Intervention to Prevent TB (CRESIPT) study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wingfield
- Address for correspondence: Dr T Wingfield, The Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK.
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14
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Wingfield T, Tovar MA, Huff D, Boccia D, Saunders MJ, Datta S, Montoya R, Ramos E, Lewis JJ, Gilman RH, Evans C. Beyond pills and tests: addressing the social determinants of tuberculosis. Clin Med (Lond) 2016; 16. [PMID: 27956446 PMCID: PMC6329567 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-6s-s79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Poverty drives tuberculosis (TB) rates but the approach to TB control has been disproportionately biomedical. In 2015, the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy explicitly identified the need to address the social determinants of TB through socio-economic interventions. However, evidence concerning poverty reduction and cost mitigation strategies is limited. The research described in this article, based on the 2016 Royal College of Physicians Linacre Lecture, aimed to address this knowledge gap. The research was divided into two phases: the first phase was an analysis of a cohort study identifying TB-related costs of TB-affected households and creating a clinically relevant threshold above which those costs became catastrophic; the second was the design, implementation and evaluation of a household randomised controlled evaluation of socio-economic support to improve access to preventive therapy, increase TB cure, and mitigate the effects of catastrophic costs. The first phase showed TB remains a disease of people living in poverty - 'free' TB care was unaffordable for impoverished TB-affected households and incurring catastrophic costs was associated with as many adverse TB treatment outcomes (including death, failure of treatment, lost to follow-up and TB recurrence) as multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. The second phase showed that, in TB-affected households receiving socio-economic support, household contacts were more likely to start and adhere to TB preventive therapy, TB patients were more likely to be cured and households were less likely to incur catastrophic costs. In impoverished Peruvian shantytowns, poverty remains inextricably linked with TB and incurring catastrophic costs predicted adverse TB treatment outcome. A novel socio-economic support intervention increased TB preventive therapy uptake, improved TB treatment success and reduced catastrophic costs. The impact of the intervention on TB control is currently being evaluated by the Community Randomized Evaluation of a Socio-economic Intervention to Prevent TB (CRESIPT) study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wingfield
- Address for correspondence: Dr T Wingfield, The Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK.
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15
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Bliven-Sizemore EE, Sterling TR, Shang N, Benator D, Schwartzman K, Reves R, Drobeniuc J, Bock N, Villarino ME. Three months of weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid is less hepatotoxic than nine months of daily isoniazid for LTBI. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:1039-44, i-v. [PMID: 26260821 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Nine months of daily isoniazid (9H) and 3 months of once-weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3HP) are recommended treatments for latent tuberculous infection (LTBI). The risk profile for 3HP and the contribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to hepatotoxicity are unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the hepatotoxicity risk associated with 3HP compared to 9H, and factors associated with hepatotoxicity. DESIGN Hepatotoxicity was defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) with symptoms (nausea, vomiting, jaundice, or fatigue), or AST >5 x ULN. We analyzed risk factors among adults who took at least 1 dose of their assigned treatment. A nested case-control study assessed the role of HCV. RESULTS Of 6862 participants, 77 (1.1%) developed hepatotoxicity; 52 (0.8%) were symptomatic; 1.8% (61/3317) were on 9H and 0.4% (15/3545) were on 3HP (P < 0.0001). Risk factors for hepatotoxicity were age, female sex, white race, non-Hispanic ethnicity, decreased body mass index, elevated baseline AST, and 9H. In the case-control study, HCV infection was associated with hepatotoxicity when controlling for other factors. CONCLUSION The risk of hepatotoxicity during LTBI treatment with 3HP was lower than the risk with 9H. HCV and elevated baseline AST were risk factors for hepatotoxicity. For persons with these risk factors, 3HP may be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Bliven-Sizemore
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - T R Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - N Shang
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - D Benator
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - K Schwartzman
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Reves
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado and Denver Health Hospital, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - J Drobeniuc
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - N Bock
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M E Villarino
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Sandgren A, Vonk Noordegraaf-Schouten M, van Kessel F, Stuurman A, Oordt-Speets A, van der Werf MJ. Initiation and completion rates for latent tuberculosis infection treatment: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:204. [PMID: 27184748 PMCID: PMC4869320 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an important step towards tuberculosis elimination. Preventive treatment will prevent the development of disease in most cases diagnosed with LTBI. However, low initiation and completion rates affect the effectiveness of preventive treatment. The objective was to systematically review data on initiation rates and completion rates for LTBI treatment regimens in the general population and specific populations with LTBI. METHODS A systematic review of the literature (PubMed, Embase) published up to February 2014 was performed. RESULTS Forty-five studies on initiation rates and 83 studies on completion rates of LTBI treatment were found. These studies provided initiation rates (IR) and completion rates (CR) in people with LTBI among the general population (IR 26-99 %, CR 39-96 %), case contacts (IR 40-95 %, CR 48-82 %), healthcare workers (IR 47-98 %, CR 17-79 %), the homeless (IR 34-90 %, CR 23-71 %), people who inject drugs (IR 52-91 %, CR 38-89 %), HIV-infected individuals (IR 67-92 %, CR 55-95 %), inmates (IR 7-90 %, CR 4-100 %), immigrants (IR 23-97 %, CR 7-86 %), and patients with comorbidities (IR 82-93 %, CR 75-92 %). Generally, completion rates were higher for short than for long LTBI treatment regimens. CONCLUSION Initiation and completion rates for LTBI treatment regimens were frequently suboptimal and varied greatly within and across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sandgren
- Former Surveillance and Response Section, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | | | - Femke van Kessel
- Pallas, Health Research and Consultancy B.V., Rotterdam, 3001, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Stuurman
- Pallas, Health Research and Consultancy B.V., Rotterdam, 3001, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Oordt-Speets
- Pallas, Health Research and Consultancy B.V., Rotterdam, 3001, The Netherlands
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17
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Hirsch-Moverman Y, Shrestha-Kuwahara R, Bethel J, Blumberg HM, Venkatappa TK, Horsburgh CR, Colson PW. Latent tuberculous infection in the United States and Canada: who completes treatment and why? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:31-8. [PMID: 25519787 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) treatment completion rates in a large prospective US/Canada multisite cohort and identify associated risk factors. METHODS This prospective cohort study assessed factors associated with LTBI treatment completion through interviews with persons who initiated treatment at 12 sites. Interviews were conducted at treatment initiation and completion/cessation. Participants received usual care according to each clinic's procedure. Multivariable models were constructed based on stepwise assessment of potential predictors and interactions. RESULTS Of 1515 participants initiating LTBI treatment, 1323 had information available on treatment completion; 617 (46.6%) completed treatment. Baseline predictors of completion included male sex, foreign birth, not thinking it would be a problem to take anti-tuberculosis medication, and having health insurance. Participants in stable housing who received monthly appointment reminders were more likely to complete treatment than those without stable housing or without monthly reminders. End-of-treatment predictors of non-completion included severe symptoms and the inconvenience of clinic/pharmacy schedules, barriers to care and changes of residence. Common reasons for treatment non-completion were patient concerns about tolerability/toxicity, appointment conflicts, low prioritization of TB, and forgetfulness. CONCLUSIONS Less than half of treatment initiators completed treatment in our multisite study. Addressing tangible issues such as not having health insurance, toxicity concerns, and clinic accessibility could help to improve treatment completion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hirsch-Moverman
- Charles P Felton National Tuberculosis Center, ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - J Bethel
- Westat, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - H M Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - C R Horsburgh
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P W Colson
- Charles P Felton National Tuberculosis Center, ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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