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Ting M, Dahlkemper A, Schwartz JJ, Woodfork M, Suzuki JB. Preprocedural Viral Load Effects of Oral Antiseptics on SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1694. [PMID: 37371789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) There are limited clinical trials to support the effectiveness of mouth rinses when used as a preprocedural rinse against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptic mouth rinses as a preprocedural rinse in reducing SARS-CoV-2 oral viral load in-vivo. (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted through November 2022 for the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The evaluated outcomes were quantitative changes in viral load and the statistical significance of that change after using antiseptic mouth rinses. (3) Results: 14 randomized controlled trials (RCT) were selected for risk of bias assessment and data extraction. (4) Conclusion: Within the limits of this systematic review, preprocedural mouth rinses may significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 in the mouth, thus, reducing the viral particles available for airborne dispersion. Preprocedural mouth rinses may be an effective strategy for reducing airborne SARS-CoV-2 dispersion in the environment. Their use may be a preventive strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in selected medical and healthcare facilities, including dental clinics. Potential preprocedural mouth rinses are identified for use as an integral part of safe practice for healthcare protocols. This systematic review was registered with the National Institute for Health Research, international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42022315177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ting
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- General Practice Residency, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
- Think Dental Learning Institute, Paoli, PA 19301, USA
| | - Alex Dahlkemper
- General Practice Residency, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Jeremy J Schwartz
- General Practice Residency, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Manzel Woodfork
- General Practice Residency, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Jon B Suzuki
- Department of Graduate Periodontics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Graduate Prosthodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98015, USA
- Department of Graduate Periodontics, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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2
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Kang J, Jang H, Kim TH, Cho U, Bang H, Jang J, Lee W, Joo H, Noh J, Lee GY, Shin DH, Kang CK, Choe PG, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Song M, Kwon S, Veas F, Park WB. Accurate Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Self-Collectable Biospecimens Using Synthetic Apolipoprotein H Peptide-Coated Nanoparticle Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17186-17194. [PMID: 36399654 PMCID: PMC9718094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput, accurate screening is crucial for the prevention and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current methods, which involve sampling from the nasopharyngeal (NP) area by medical staffs, constitute a fundamental bottleneck in expanding the testing capacity. To meet the scales required for population-level surveillance, self-collectable specimens can be used; however, its low viral load has hindered its clinical adoption. Here, we describe a magnetic nanoparticle functionalized with synthetic apolipoprotein H (ApoH) peptides to capture, concentrate, and purify viruses. The ApoH assay demonstrates a viral enrichment efficiency of >90% for both SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, leading to an order of magnitude improvement in analytical sensitivity. For validation, we apply the assay to a total of 84 clinical specimens including nasal, oral, and mouth gargles obtained from COVID-19 patients. As a result, a 100% positivity rate is achieved from the patient-collected nasal and gargle samples, which exceeds that of the traditional NP swab method. The simple 12 min pre-enrichment assay enabling the use of self-collectable samples will be a practical solution to overcome the overwhelming diagnostic capacity. Furthermore, the methodology can easily be built on various clinical protocols, allowing its broad applicability to various disease diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul03080, Korea
| | - Haewook Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Untack Cho
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul08506, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Korea
| | | | | | - Wooseok Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Hyelyn Joo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Jinsung Noh
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Gi Yoon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Korea
| | - Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Korea
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Korea
| | - Manki Song
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul08506, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul03080, Korea
| | - Francisco Veas
- Copernicus Integrated Solutions for Biosafety Risks (CISBR), Mauguio34130, France
- ApoH-Technologies, 94 Allée des Fauvettes, La Grande Motte34280, France
- UMR5151/French Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier 34093, France
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Korea
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3
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Moser C, Li JZ, Eron JJ, Aga E, Daar ES, Wohl DA, Coombs RW, Javan AC, Bender Ignacio RA, Jagannathan P, Ritz J, Sieg SF, Parikh UM, Hughes MD, Currier JS, Smith DM, Chew KW. Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA From Nasopharyngeal Swabs and Concordance With Other Compartments in Nonhospitalized Adults With Mild to Moderate COVID-19. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac618. [PMID: 36467293 PMCID: PMC9709705 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying characteristics associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding may be useful to understand viral compartmentalization, disease pathogenesis, and risks for viral transmission. Methods Participants were enrolled August 2020 to February 2021 in ACTIV-2/A5401, a placebo-controlled platform trial evaluating investigational therapies for mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and underwent quantitative SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing on nasopharyngeal and anterior nasal swabs, oral wash/saliva, and plasma at entry (day 0, pretreatment) and days 3, 7, 14, and 28. Concordance of RNA levels (copies/mL) across compartments and predictors of nasopharyngeal RNA levels were assessed at entry (n = 537). Predictors of changes over time were evaluated among placebo recipients (n = 265) with censored linear regression models. Results Nasopharyngeal and anterior nasal RNA levels at study entry were highly correlated (r = 0.84); higher levels of both were associated with greater detection of RNA in plasma and oral wash/saliva. Older age, White non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, lower body mass index (BMI), SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G seronegativity, and shorter prior symptom duration were associated with higher nasopharyngeal RNA at entry. In adjusted models, body mass index and race/ethnicity associations were attenuated, but the association with age remained (for every 10 years older, mean nasopharyngeal RNA was 0.27 log10 copies/mL higher; P < .001). Examining longitudinal viral RNA levels among placebo recipients, women had faster declines in nasopharyngeal RNA than men (mean change, -2.0 vs -1.3 log10 copies/mL, entry to day 3; P < .001). Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was concordant across compartments. Age was strongly associated with viral shedding, and men had slower viral clearance than women, which could explain sex differences in acute COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlee Moser
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph J Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evgenia Aga
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric S Daar
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - David A Wohl
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert W Coombs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Rachel A Bender Ignacio
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Justin Ritz
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Department of Medicine, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Urvi M Parikh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Judith S Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Davey M Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kara W Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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4
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Veguilla V, Fowlkes AL, Bissonnette A, Beitel S, Gaglani M, Porucznik CA, Stockwell MS, Tyner HL, Naleway AL, Yoon SK, Caban-Martinez AJ, Wesley MG, Duque J, Jeddy Z, Stanford JB, Daugherty M, Dixon A, Burgess JL, Odean M, Groom HC, Phillips AL, Schaefer-Solle N, Mistry P, Rolfes MA, Thompson M, Dawood FS, Meece J. Detection and Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Three Self-Collected Specimen Types: Flocked Midturbinate Swab (MTS) in Viral Transport Media, Foam MTS, and Saliva. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0103322. [PMID: 35665629 PMCID: PMC9241800 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01033-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory specimen collection materials shortages hampers severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We compared specimen alternatives and evaluated SARS-CoV-2 RNA stability under simulated shipping conditions. We compared concordance of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 from flocked midturbinate swabs (MTS) in viral transport media (VTM), foam MTS without VTM, and saliva. Specimens were collected between August 2020 and April 2021 from three prospective cohorts. We compared RT-PCR cycle quantification (Cq) for Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), and the Open Reading Frame 1ab (ORF) genes for flocked MTS and saliva specimens tested before and after exposure to a range of storage temperatures (4-30°C) and times (2, 3, and 7 days). Of 1,900 illnesses with ≥2 specimen types tested, 335 (18%) had SARS-CoV-2 detected in ≥1 specimen; 304 (91%) were concordant across specimen types. Among illnesses with SARS-CoV-2 detection, 97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94-98%) were positive on flocked MTS, 99% (95% CI: 97-100%) on saliva, and 89% (95% CI: 84-93%) on foam MTS. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in flocked MTS and saliva stored up to 30°C for 7 days. All specimen types provided highly concordant SARS-CoV-2 results. These findings support a range of viable options for specimen types, collection, and transport methods that may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 testing during supply and personnel shortages. IMPORTANCE Findings from this analysis indicate that (1) self-collection of flocked and foam MTS and saliva samples is feasible in both adults and children, (2) foam MTS with VTM and saliva are both viable and reasonable alternatives to traditional flocked MTS in VTM for SARS-CoV-2 detection, and (3) these sample types may be stored and transported at ambient temperatures for up to 7 days without compromising sample quality. These findings support methods of sample collection for SARS-CoV-2 detection that may facilitate widespread community testing in the setting of supply and personnel shortages during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vic Veguilla
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Adam Bissonnette
- Integrated Research & Development Laboratory, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Christina A. Porucznik
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa S. Stockwell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Allison L. Naleway
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarang K. Yoon
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Jazmin Duque
- Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zuha Jeddy
- Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph B. Stanford
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Ashton Dixon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jefferey L. Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marilyn Odean
- St. Luke’s Regional Health Care System, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- The Whiteside Institute for Clinical Research, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Holly C. Groom
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew L. Phillips
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Thompson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Meece
- Integrated Research & Development Laboratory, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
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5
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Alemany A, Perez-Zsolt D, Raïch-Regué D, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Ouchi D, Laporte-Villar C, Baro B, Henríquez N, Prat N, Gianinetto MO, Gutiérrez MV, Sánchez-Paniagua MG, Henríquez NL, Vicente JM, Ara J, Rodriguez-Arias MA, Puig J, Blanco I, Lopez CC, Hernández Á, Bordoy AE, Redondo CE, Soler VG, Giménez M, Blanc V, León R, Gispert J, Clotet B, Izquierdo-Useros N, Mitjà O. Cetylpyridinium Chloride Mouthwash to Reduce Shedding of Infectious SARS-CoV-2: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1450-1456. [PMID: 35727681 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via respiratory fluids and droplets suggests that mouthwashes containing substances with virucidal activity can help reduce viral spread. We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to assess the virucidal activity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthwashes. Outpatients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without symptoms were randomized to perform washes and gargles for 1 min with 15 mL of either colored distilled water or 0.07% CPC (Vitis CPC Protect) mouthwash. The study outcomes were the SARS-CoV-2 log10 viral RNA load and the nucleocapsid protein levels, both in saliva at 1 and 3 h after the intervention. In total, 118 patients were enrolled and randomized (mean [SD], age 46 [14] y). Thirteen of 118 participants (11%) did not complete follow-up or had insufficient sample volume for testing and were excluded from the analysis. The assessment of the viral load showed no significant differences between groups at any of the investigated points. However, the levels of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein of lysed viruses were significantly higher in the CPC group compared with the control group at 1 h (adjusted difference 269.3 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 97.1-441.5) and at 3 h postintervention (561.1 pg/mL; 95% CI, 380.0-742.2). In nonhospitalized patients with asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, a 0.07% CPC mouthwash, compared to placebo, was associated with a significant increase of nucleocapsid protein levels in saliva, indicating enhanced disruption of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alemany
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - D Ouchi
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - B Baro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clinic Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Henríquez
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Prat
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ochoa Gianinetto
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Viaplana Gutiérrez
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - N Larrosa Henríquez
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Moreno Vicente
- Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ara
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Rodriguez-Arias
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - J Puig
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain
| | - I Blanco
- Metropolitana Nord Laboratory, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Spain
| | - C Casañ Lopez
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Á Hernández
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A E Bordoy
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Esteban Redondo
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V González Soler
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Giménez
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Blanc
- DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R León
- DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - J Gispert
- DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - B Clotet
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - N Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - O Mitjà
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Lihir Medical Centre, International SOS, Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea
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6
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Blanco I, Violán C, Suñer C, Garcia-Prieto J, Argerich MJ, Rodriguez-Illana M, Moreno N, Cardona PJ, Blanco A, Torán-Monserrat P, Clotet B, Bonet JM, Prat N. Comparison between mid-nasal swabs and buccal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in mild COVID-19 patients. J Infect 2022; 84:e78-e79. [PMID: 35172195 PMCID: PMC8841008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Blanco
- Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Concepción Violán
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP J Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Suñer
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nemesio Moreno
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, UAB, Cerdanyola, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Blanco
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Josep M Bonet
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Prat
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Nasopharyngeal Microbiota as an early severity biomarker in COVID-19 hospitalised patients: a retrospective cohort study in a Mediterranean area. J Infect 2021; 84:329-336. [PMID: 34963638 PMCID: PMC8709923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the diversity and taxonomic composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiota, to determine its association with COVID-19 clinical outcome. To study the microbiota, we utilized 16S rRNA sequencing of 177 samples that came from a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Raw sequences were processed by QIIME2. The associations between microbiota, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and all-cause mortality were analysed by multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, and comorbidity. The microbiota α diversity indexes were lower in patients with a fatal outcome, whereas the β diversity analysis showed a significant clustering in these patients. After multivariate adjustment, the presence of Selenomonas spp., Filifactor spp., Actinobacillus spp., or Chroococcidiopsis spp., was associated with a reduction of more than 90% of IMV. Higher diversity and the presence of certain genera in the nasopharyngeal microbiota seem to be early biomarkers of a favourable clinical evolution in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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8
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Importance of Adequate qPCR Controls in Infection Control. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122373. [PMID: 34943608 PMCID: PMC8700483 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory screening assays lacking Sample Adequacy Controls (SAC) may result in inadequate sample quality and thus false negative results. The non-adequate samples might represent a significant proportion of the total performed tests, thus resulting in sub-optimal infection control measures with implications that may be critical during pandemic times. The quantitative sample adequacy threshold can be established empirically, measuring the change in the frequency of positive results, as a function of the numerical value of “sample adequacy”. Establishing a quantitative threshold for SAC requires a big number/volume of tests to be analyzed in order to have a statistically valid result. Herein, we are offering for the first time clear clinical evidence that a subset of results, which did not pass minimal sample adequacy criteria, have a significantly lower frequency of positivity compared with the “adequate” samples. Flagging these results and/or re-sampling them is a mitigation strategy, which can dramatically improve infection control measures.
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