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Ryland ES, Liu X, Kumar G, Raj SL, Xie ZL, Mengele AK, Fauth SS, Siewerth K, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Rau S, Mulfort KL, Li X, Cordones AA. Site-specific electronic structure of covalently linked bimetallic dyads from nitrogen K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084307. [PMID: 38415835 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A nitrogen K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) survey is presented for tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3″,2″-h:2‴,3‴-j]phenazine (tpphz)-bridged bimetallic assemblies that couple chromophore and catalyst transition metal complexes for light driven catalysis, as well as their individual molecular constituents. We demonstrate the high N site sensitivity of the N pre-edge XANES features, which are energetically well-separated for the phenazine bridge N atoms and for the individual metal-bound N atoms of the inner coordination sphere ligands. By comparison with the time-dependent density functional theory calculated spectra, we determine the origins of these distinguishable spectral features. We find that metal coordination generates large shifts toward higher energy for the metal-bound N atoms, with increasing shift for 3d < 4d < 5d metal bonding. This is attributed to increasing ligand-to-metal σ donation that increases the effective charge of the bound N atoms and stabilizes the N 1s core electrons. In contrast, the phenazine bridge N pre-edge peak is found at a lower energy due to stabilization of the low energy electron accepting orbital localized on the phenazine motif. While no sensitivity to ground state electronic coupling between the individual molecular subunits was observed, the spectra are sensitive to structural distortions of the tpphz bridge. These results demonstrate N K-edge XANES as a local probe of electronic structure in large bridging ligand motifs, able to distinctly investigate the ligand-centered orbitals involved in metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand electron transfer following light absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Ryland
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sumana L Raj
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven S Fauth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Siewerth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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2
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James CC, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. Transition Metal Catalysis in Living Cells: Progress, Challenges, and Novel Supramolecular Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306645. [PMID: 37339103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The importance of transition metal catalysis is exemplified by its wide range of applications, for example in the synthesis of chemicals, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. However, one relatively new application is for carrying out new-to-nature reactions inside living cells. The complex environment of a living cell is not welcoming to transition metal catalysts, as a diverse range of biological components have the potential to inhibit or deactivate the catalyst. Here we review the current progress in the field of transition metal catalysis, and evaluation of catalysis efficiency in living cells and under biological (relevant) conditions. Catalyst poisoning is a ubiquitous problem in this field, and we propose that future research into the development of physical and kinetic protection strategies may provide a route to improve the reactivity of catalysts in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona C James
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Mrkvicová A, Peterová E, Nemec I, Křikavová R, Muthná D, Havelek R, Kazimírová P, Řezáčová M, Štarha P. Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes with phosphanyl-alkylamines: inhibition of DNA synthesis induced by anticancer Rh complex. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1583-1602. [PMID: 37750220 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This investigation was designed to synthesize half-sandwich Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes and study their antiproliferative activity in human cancer cell lines. Materials & methods: Nine compounds were prepared and tested by various assays for their anticancer activity and mechanism of action. Results: Hit Rh(III) complex 6 showed low-micromolar potency in cisplatin-sensitive (A2780) and -resistant (A2780cis) ovarian carcinoma cell lines, promising selectivity toward these cancer cells over normal lung fibroblasts and an unprecedented mechanism of action in the treated cells. DNA synthesis was decreased and CDKN1A expression was upregulated, but p21 expression was not induced. Conclusion: Rh complex 6 showed high antiproliferative activity, which is induced through a p21-independent mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Mrkvicová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Křikavová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Muthná
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Havelek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kazimírová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Řezáčová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Štarha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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4
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Bridgewater HE, Bolitho EM, Romero-Canelón I, Sadler PJ, Coverdale JPC. Targeting cancer lactate metabolism with synergistic combinations of synthetic catalysts and monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:345-353. [PMID: 36884092 PMCID: PMC10036267 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-01994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic anticancer catalysts offer potential for low-dose therapy and the targeting of biochemical pathways in novel ways. Chiral organo-osmium complexes, for example, can catalyse the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate, a key substrate for energy generation, in cells. However, small-molecule synthetic catalysts are readily poisoned and there is a need to optimise their activity before this occurs, or to avoid this occurring. We show that the activity of the synthetic organometallic redox catalyst [Os(p-cymene)(TsDPEN)] (1), which can reduce pyruvate to un-natural D-lactate in MCF7 breast cancer cells using formate as a hydride source, is significantly increased in combination with the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor AZD3965. AZD3965, a drug currently in clinical trials, also significantly lowers the intracellular level of glutathione and increases mitochondrial metabolism. These synergistic mechanisms of reductive stress induced by 1, blockade of lactate efflux, and oxidative stress induced by AZD3965 provide a strategy for low-dose combination therapy with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Bridgewater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Centre of Exercise, Sport and Life Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bolitho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - James P C Coverdale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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5
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Schreier MR, Pfund B, Steffen DM, Wenger OS. Photocatalytic Regeneration of a Nicotinamide Adenine Nucleotide Mimic with Water-Soluble Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7636-7643. [PMID: 36731131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NADH) is involved in many biologically relevant redox reactions, and the photochemical regeneration of its oxidized form (NAD+) under physiological conditions is of interest for combined photo- and biocatalysis. Here, we demonstrate that tri-anionic, water-soluble variants of typically very lipophilic iridium(III) complexes can photo-catalyze the reduction of an NAD+ mimic in a comparatively efficient manner. In combination with a well-known rhodium co-catalyst to facilitate regioselective reactions, these iridium(III) photo-reductants outcompete the commonly used [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) photosensitizer in water by up to 1 order of magnitude in turnover frequency. This improved reactivity is attributable to the strong excited-state electron donor properties and the good chemical robustness of the tri-anionic iridium(III) sensitizers, combined with their favorable Coulombic interaction with the di-cationic rhodium co-catalyst. Our findings seem relevant in the greater context of photobiocatalysis, for which access to strong, efficient, and robust photoreductants with good water solubility can be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam R Schreier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Street Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,National Competence Center in Research, Molecular Systems Engineering, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Street Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debora M Steffen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Street Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Street Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,National Competence Center in Research, Molecular Systems Engineering, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Tensi L, Dall’Anese A, Annunziata A, Mearini S, Nofrini V, Menendez Rodriguez G, Carotti A, Sardella R, Ruffo F, Macchioni A. Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Iridium Complexes Bearing Carbohydrate Functionalized Pyridincarboxamide Ligands and Their Application as Catalysts in the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α-Ketoacids in Water. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Dall’Anese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Annunziata
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Simone Mearini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Nofrini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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7
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Sink A, Banerjee S, Wolny JA, Imberti C, Lant EC, Walker M, Schünemann V, Sadler PJ. Kinetics and mechanism of sequential ring methyl C-H activation in cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16070-16081. [PMID: 36043856 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied activation of the methyl C-H bonds in the cyclopentadienyl ligands of half-sandwich Rh(III) complexes [η5-CpXRh(N,N')Cl]+ by observing the dependence of sequential H/D exchange on variations in CpX = Cp* (complexes 1 and 2), Me4PhCp (CpXPh, 3) or Me4PhPhCp (CpXPhPh, 4), and chelated ligand N,N' (bpy, 1; phen, 2-4). H/D exchange was fastest in d4-MeOD (t1/2 = 10 min, 37 °C, complex 1), no H/D exchange was observed in DMSO/D2O, and d4-MeOD enhanced the rate in CD3CN. The proposed Rh(I)-fulvene intermediate was trapped by [4 + 2] Diels-Alder reactions with conjugated dienes and characterized. The Rh(I) oxidation state was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Influence of solvent on the mechanisms of activation and Diels-Alder adduct formation was modelled using DFT calculations with the CAM-B3LYP functional and CEP-31 g basis set, and influence on the reaction profile of the dimiine ligand and phenyl substituent using the larger qzvp basis set. The Rh(III)-OH intemediate is stabilised by H-bonding with methanol and a Cp* CH3 hydrogen. The Rh(I)(Me4fulvene) species, stabilised by interaction of methanol with a coordinated water, again by two H-bonds H2O-HOMe (1.49 Å) and fulvene CH2 (1.94 Å), arises from synchronous transfer of the methanol OH proton to a Rh(III)-OH ligand and Cp* methyl hydrogen to the methanol oxygen. Additionally, the observed trend in catalytic activity for complexes 1-4 was reproduced by DFT calculations. These complexes form a novel class of catalytic molecular motors with a tunable rate of operation that can be stalled in a given state. They provide a basis for elucidation of the effects of ligand design on the contributions of electronic, rotational and vibrational energies to each step in the reaction pathway at the atomic level, consideration of which will enhance the design principles for the next generation of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Juliusz A Wolny
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Edward C Lant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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8
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Murillo MI, Gaiddon C, Le Lagadec R. Targeting of the intracellular redox balance by metal complexes towards anticancer therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:967337. [PMID: 36034648 PMCID: PMC9405673 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.967337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancers is often linked to the alteration of essential redox processes, and therefore, oxidoreductases involved in such mechanisms can be considered as attractive molecular targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. On the other hand, for more than two decades, transition metals derivatives have been leading the research on drugs as alternatives to platinum-based treatments. The success of such compounds is particularly due to their attractive redox kinetics properties, favorable oxidation states, as well as routes of action different to interactions with DNA, in which redox interactions are crucial. For instance, the activity of oxidoreductases such as PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein) which can regulate angiogenesis in tumors, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) related to glycolysis, and enzymes, such as catalases, SOD (superoxide dismutase), TRX (thioredoxin) or GSH (glutathione) involved in controlling oxidative stress, can be altered by metal effectors. In this review, we wish to discuss recent results on how transition metal complexes have been rationally designed to impact on redox processes, in search for effective and more specific cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Murillo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Strasbourg Université, Inserm UMR_S U1113, IRFAC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ronan Le Lagadec,
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9
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Komarnicka UK, Kozieł S, Skórska-Stania A, Kyzioł A, Tisato F. Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and antiproliferative activity of phosphino Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8605-8617. [PMID: 35615959 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of new complexes based on ruthenium(II) (Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (RuPOH) and Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (RuMPOH)) and iridium(III) (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH) and Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (IrPOH)) containing phosphine ligands with/without methoxy motifs on phenyl rings (P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (MPOH) and PPh2CH2OH (POH)). The complexes were characterized by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy (1D: 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} and 2D: HMQC, HMBC, and COSY NMR) and elemental analysis. All the complexes were structurally identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes have a typical piano-stool geometry with an η6-coordinated arene (RuII complexes) or η5-coordinated (IrIII compounds) and three additional sites of ligation occupied by two chloride ligands and the phosphine ligand. Oxidation of NADH to NAD+ with high efficiency was catalyzed by complexes containing P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH and RuMPOH). The catalytic property might have important future applications in biological and medical fields like production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the redox activity of the complexes was confirmed by cyclic voltamperometry. Biochemical assays demonstrated the ability of Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes to induce significant cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that RuPOH and RuMPOH selectively inhibit the proliferation of skin cancer cells (WM266-4; IC50, after 24 h: av. 48.3 μM; after 72 h: av. 10.2 μM) while Ir(III) complexes were found to be moderate against prostate cancer cells (DU145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Sandra Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Agnieszka Kyzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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10
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Synthesis and study of organometallic PGM complexes containing 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole as antiplasmodial agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Kushwaha R, Kumar A, Saha S, Bajpai S, Yadav AK, Banerjee S. Os(II) complexes for catalytic anticancer therapy: recent update. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4825-4836. [PMID: 35348152 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent dramatic enhancement in cancer-related mortality and the drawbacks (side effects and resistance) of Pt-based first-generation chemotherapeutics have escalated the need for new cancer medicines with unique anticancer activities for better human life. To overcome the demerits of Pt-based cancer drugs, the concept of catalytic anticancer agents has recently been presented in the field of anticancer metallodrug development research. Many intracellular transformations in cancer cells are catalyzed by metal complexes, including pyruvate reduction to lactate, NAD(P)+ reduction to NAD(P)H and vice versa, and the conversion of 3O2 to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These artificial in-cell changes with non-toxic and catalytic dosages of metal complexes have been shown to disrupt several essential intracellular processes which ultimately cause cell death. This new approach could develop potent next-generation catalytic anticancer drugs. In this context, recently, several 16/18 electron Os(II)-based complexes have shown promising catalytic anticancer activities with unique anticancer mechanisms. Herein, we have delineated the catalytic anticancer activity of Os(II) complexes from a critical viewpoint. These catalysts are reported to induce the in-cell catalytic transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate and important quinones to create metabolic disorder and photocatalytic ROS generation for oxidative stress generation in cancer cells. Overall, these Os(II) catalysts have the potential to be novel catalytic cancer drugs with new anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Souvik Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Sumit Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
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12
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Tyagi K, Dixit T, Venkatesh V. Recent advances in catalytic anticancer drugs: Mechanistic investigations and future prospects. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Henke WC, Stiel JP, Day VW, Blakemore JD. Evidence for Charge Delocalization in Diazafluorene Ligands Supporting Low-Valent [Cp*Rh] Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103970. [PMID: 35006643 PMCID: PMC8857064 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ligands based upon the 4,5-diazafluorene core are an important class of emerging ligands in organometallic chemistry, but the structure and electronic properties of these ligands have received less attention than they deserve. Here, we show that 9,9'-dimethyl-4,5-diazafluorene (Me2 daf) can stabilize low-valent complexes through charge delocalization into its conjugated π-system. Using a new platform of [Cp*Rh] complexes with three accessible formal oxidation states (+III, +II, and +I), we show that the methylation in Me2 daf is protective, blocking Brønsted acid-base chemistry commonly encountered with other daf-based ligands. Electronic absorption spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of a family of eleven new compounds, including the unusual Cp*Rh(Me2 daf), reveal features consistent with charge delocalization driven by π-backbonding into the LUMO of Me2 daf, reminiscent of behavior displayed by the workhorse 2,2'-bipyridyl ligand. Taken together with spectrochemical data demonstrating clean conversion between oxidation states, our findings show that 9,9'-dialkylated daf-type ligands are promising building blocks for applications in reductive chemistry and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade C. Henke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jonah P. Stiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Victor W. Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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14
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Bolitho EM, Coverdale JPC, Wolny JA, Schünemann V, Sadler PJ. Density functional theory investigation of Ru(II) and Os(II) asymmetric transfer hydrogenation catalysts. Faraday Discuss 2022; 234:264-283. [PMID: 35156974 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal ions have a unique ability to organise and control the steric and electronic effects around a substrate in the active site of a catalyst. We consider half-sandwich Ru(II) (Noyori-type) and Os(II) sulfonyldiamine 16-electron active catalysts [Ru/Os(η6-p-cymene)(TsDPEN-H2)], where TsDPEN is N-tosyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine containing S,S or R,R chiral centres, which catalyse the highly efficient asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones to chiral alcohols using formic acid as a hydride source. We discuss the recognition of the prochiral ketone acetophenone by the catalyst, the protonation of a ligand NH and transfer of hydride from formate to the metal, subsequent transfer of hydride to one enantiotopic face of the ketone, followed by proton transfer from metal-bound NH2, and regeneration of the catalyst. Our DFT calculations illustrate the role of the two chiral carbons on the N,N-chelated sulfonyldiamine ligand, the axial chirality of the π-bonded p-cymene arene, and the chirality of the metal centre. We discuss new features of the mechanism, including how a change in metal chirality of the hydride intermediate dramatically switches p-cymene coordination from η6 to η2. Moreover, the calculations suggest a step-wise mechanism involving substrate docking to the bound amine NH2 followed by hydride transfer prior to protonation of the O-atom of acetophenone and release of the enantio-pure alcohol. This implies that formation and stability of the M-H hydride intermediate is highly dependent on the presence of the protonated amine ligand. The Os(II) catalyst is more stable than the Ru(II) analogue, and these studies illustrate the subtle differences in mechanistic behaviour between these 4d6 and 5d6 second-row and third-row transition metal congeners in group 8 of the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James P C Coverdale
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Juliusz A Wolny
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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15
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Weng C, Shen L, Teo JW, Lim ZC, Loh BS, Ang WH. Targeted Antibacterial Strategy Based on Reactive Oxygen Species Generated from Dioxygen Reduction Using an Organoruthenium Complex. JACS AU 2021; 1:1348-1354. [PMID: 34604844 PMCID: PMC8479771 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms pose a serious threat to global public health due to their persistent adaptation and growing resistance to antibiotics. Alternative therapeutic strategies are required to address this growing threat. Bactericidal antibiotics that are routinely prescribed to treat infections rely on hydroxyl radical formation for their therapeutic efficacies. We developed a redox approach to target bacteria using organotransition metal complexes to mediate the reduction of cellular O2 to H2O2, as a precursor for hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction. We prepared a library of 480 unique organoruthenium Schiff-base complexes using a coordination-driven three-component assembly strategy and identified the lead organoruthenium complex Ru1 capable of selectively invoking oxidative stress in Gram-positive bacteria, in particular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, via transfer hydrogenation reaction and/or single electron transfer on O2. This strategy paves the way for a targeted antimicrobial approach leveraging on the redox chemistry of organotransition metal complexes to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Weng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Linghui Shen
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Jin Wei Teo
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Zhi Chiaw Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Boon Shing Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
- NUS
Graduate School - Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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16
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Infante-Tadeo S, Rodríguez-Fanjul V, Habtemariam A, Pizarro AM. Osmium(ii) tethered half-sandwich complexes: pH-dependent aqueous speciation and transfer hydrogenation in cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9287-9297. [PMID: 34349898 PMCID: PMC8278929 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01939b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquation is often acknowledged as a necessary step for metallodrug activity inside the cell. Hemilabile ligands can be used for reversible metallodrug activation. We report a new family of osmium(ii) arene complexes of formula [Os(η6-C6H5(CH2)3OH)(XY)Cl]+/0 (1-13) bearing the hemilabile η6-bound arene 3-phenylpropanol, where XY is a neutral N,N or an anionic N,O- bidentate chelating ligand. Os-Cl bond cleavage in water leads to the formation of the hydroxido/aqua adduct, Os-OH(H). In spite of being considered inert, the hydroxido adduct unexpectedly triggers rapid tether ring formation by attachment of the pendant alcohol-oxygen to the osmium centre, resulting in the alkoxy tethered complex [Os(η6-arene-O-κ1)(XY)] n+. Complexes 1C-13C of formula [Os(η6:κ1-C6H5(CH2)3OH/O)(XY)]+ are fully characterised, including the X-ray structure of cation 3C. Tether-ring formation is reversible and pH dependent. Osmium complexes bearing picolinate N,O-chelates (9-12) catalyse the hydrogenation of pyruvate to lactate. Intracellular lactate production upon co-incubation of complex 11 (XY = 4-Me-picolinate) with formate has been quantified inside MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells. The tether Os-arene complexes presented here can be exploited for the intracellular conversion of metabolites that are essential in the intricate metabolism of the cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraha Habtemariam
- IMDEA Nanociencia Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ana M Pizarro
- IMDEA Nanociencia Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA 28049 Madrid Spain
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17
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Fan Z, Huang J, Huang H, Banerjee S. Metal-Based Catalytic Drug Development for Next-Generation Cancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2480-2486. [PMID: 34028190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considering the high increase in mortality caused by cancer in recent years, cancer drugs with novel mechanisms of anticancer action are urgently needed to overcome the drawbacks of platinum-based chemotherapeutics. Recently, in the area of metal-based cancer drug development research, the concept of catalytic cancer drugs has been introduced with organometallic RuII , OsII , RhIII and IrIII complexes. These complexes are reported as catalysts for many important biological transformations in cancer cells such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) oxidation to NAD+ , reduction of NAD+ to NADH, and reduction of pyruvate to lactate. These unnatural intracellular transformations with catalytic and nontoxic doses of metal complexes are known to severely perturb several important biochemical pathways and could be the antecedent of next-generation catalytic cancer drug development. In this concept, we delineate the prospects of such recently reported organometallic RuII , OsII , RhIII and IrIII complexes as future catalytic cancer drugs. This new approach has the potential to deliver new cancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Juyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India
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18
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Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs are most likely the most successful group of bioinorganic compounds. Their apparent disadvantages have led to the development of anticancer compounds of other noble metals, resulting in several ruthenium-based drugs which have entered clinical trials on oncological patients. Besides ruthenium, numerous rhodium complexes have been recently reported as highly potent antiproliferative agents against various human cancer cells, making them potential alternatives to Pt- and Ru-based metallodrugs. In this review, half-sandwich Rh(III) complexes are overviewed. Many representatives show higher in vitro potency than and different mechanisms of action (MoA) from the conventional anticancer metallodrugs (cisplatin in most cases) or clinically studied Ru drug candidates. Furthermore, some of the reviewed Rh(III) arenyl complexes are also anticancer in vivo. Pioneer anticancer organorhodium compounds as well as the recent advances in the field are discussed properly, and adequate attention is paid to their anticancer activity, solution behaviour and various processes connected with their MoA. In summary, this work summarizes the types of compounds and the most important biological results obtained in the field of anticancer half-sandwich Rh complexes.
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19
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Chellan P, Avery VM, Duffy S, Land KM, Tam CC, Kim JH, Cheng LW, Romero-Canelón I, Sadler PJ. Bioactive half-sandwich Rh and Ir bipyridyl complexes containing artemisinin. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111408. [PMID: 33826972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) with 4-methyl-4'-carboxy-2,2'-bipyridine yielded the new ester derivative L1. Six novel organometallic half-sandwich chlorido Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes (1-6) containing pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, (Cp*), tetramethylphenylcyclopentadienyl (Cpxph), or tetramethylbiphenylcyclopentadienyl (Cpxbiph), and N,N-chelated bipyridyl group of L1, have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes were screened for inhibitory activity against the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (sensitive), Dd2 (multi-drug resistant) and NF54 late stage gametocytes (LSGNF54), the parasite strain Trichomonas vaginalis G3, as well as A2780 (human ovarian carcinoma), A549 (human alveolar adenocarcinoma), HCT116 (human colorectal carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast cancer) and PC3 (human prostate cancer) cancer cell lines. They show nanomolar antiplasmodial activity, outperforming chloroquine and artemisinin. Their activities were also comparable to dihydroartemisinin. As anticancer agents, several of the complexes showed high inhibitory effects, with Ir(III) complex 3, containing the tetramethylbiphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand, having similar IC50 values (concentration for 50% of maximum inhibition of cell growth) as the clinical drug cisplatin (1.06-9.23 μM versus 0.24-7.2 μM, respectively). Overall, the iridium complexes (1-3) are more potent compared to the rhodium derivatives (4-6), and complex 3 emerges as the most promising candidate for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States of America
| | - Christina C Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, United States of America
| | - Jong H Kim
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, United States of America
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, United States of America
| | | | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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20
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Henke WC, Kerr TA, Sheridan TR, Henling LM, Takase MK, Day VW, Gray HB, Blakemore JD. Synthesis, structural studies, and redox chemistry of bimetallic [Mn(CO) 3] and [Re(CO) 3] complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2746-2756. [PMID: 33459317 PMCID: PMC7983307 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03666h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese ([Mn(CO)3]) and rhenium tricarbonyl ([Re(CO)3]) complexes represent a workhorse family of compounds with applications in a variety of fields. Here, the coordination, structural, and electrochemical properties of a family of mono- and bimetallic [Mn(CO)3] and [Re(CO)3] complexes are explored. In particular, a novel heterobimetallic complex featuring both [Mn(CO)3] and [Re(CO)3] units supported by 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm) has been synthesized, structurally characterized, and compared to the analogous monomeric and homobimetallic complexes. To enable a comprehensive structural analysis for the series of complexes, we have carried out new single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of seven compounds: Re(CO)3Cl(bpm), anti-[{Re(CO3)Cl}2(bpm)], Mn(CO)3Br(bpz) (bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazine), Mn(CO)3Br(bpm), syn- and anti-[{Mn(CO3)Br}2(bpm)], and syn-[Mn(CO3)Br(bpm)Re(CO)3Br]. Electrochemical studies reveal that the bimetallic complexes are reduced at much more positive potentials (ΔE≥ 380 mV) compared to their monometallic analogues. This redox behavior is consistent with introduction of the second tricarbonyl unit which inductively withdraws electron density from the bridging, redox-active bpm ligand, resulting in more positive reduction potentials. [Re(CO3)Cl]2(bpm) was reduced with cobaltocene; the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the product exhibits an isotropic signal (near g = 2) characteristic of a ligand-centered bpm radical. Our findings highlight the facile synthesis as well as the structural characteristics and unique electrochemical behavior of this family of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade C Henke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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21
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Banerjee S, Sadler PJ. Transfer hydrogenation catalysis in cells. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:12-29. [PMID: 34458774 PMCID: PMC8341873 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenation reactions in biology are usually carried out by enzymes with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) or flavin mononucleotide (FAMH2)/flavinadenine dinucleotide (FADH2) as cofactors and hydride sources. Industrial scale chemical transfer hydrogenation uses small molecules such as formic acid or alcohols (e.g. propanol) as hydride sources and transition metal complexes as catalysts. We focus here on organometallic half-sandwich RuII and OsII η6-arene complexes and RhIII and IrIII η5-Cp x complexes which catalyse hydrogenation of biomolecules such as pyruvate and quinones in aqueous media, and generate biologically important species such as H2 and H2O2. Organometallic catalysts can achieve enantioselectivity, and moreover can be active in living cells, which is surprising on account of the variety of poisons present. Such catalysts can induce reductive stress using formate as hydride source or oxidative stress by accepting hydride from NAD(P)H. In some cases, photocatalytic redox reactions can be induced by light absorption at metal or flavin centres. These artificial transformations can interfere in biochemical pathways in unusual ways, and are the basis for the design of metallodrugs with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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22
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Armstrong J, Banerjee S, Schünemann V, Wolny JA, Sadler PJ. Vibrational Motions Make Significant Contributions to Sequential Methyl C-H Activations in an Organometallic Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:658-662. [PMID: 33393303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
[(Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Rh(III)(bipyridine)(chloride)]+ (Cp*Rh-Cl) undergoes sequential deuteriation of its 15 Cp* CH groups in polar deuterated solvents. Vibrational spectra of H14-Cp*Rh-Cl and D14-Cp*Rh-Cl were captured via inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS) and assigned using density functional theory (DFT) phonon calculations. These calculations were precisely weighted to the spectrometer's neutronic response. The Cp* ring behaves as a moving carousel, bringing each CH3 close to the Rh-OH/D center where proton abstraction occurs. Vibrations relevant for carousel movement and proximal positioning for H transfer were identified. DFT modeling uncovered changes in vibrations along the reaction path, involving a Rh(I)-fulvene intermediate. Vibronic energy contributions are large across the entire transition. Remarkably, they amount to over a 400-fold increase in the proton transfer rate. The inclusion of vibrational degrees of freedom could be applied more widely to catalysts and molecular machines to harness the energetics of these vibrations and increase their effective rates of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Armstrong
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität, Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Juliusz A Wolny
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität, Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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23
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Kolos AV, Perekalin DS. Synthesis of catalytically active diene and cyclopentadienyl rhodium halide complexes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Anthony EJ, Bolitho EM, Bridgewater HE, Carter OWL, Donnelly JM, Imberti C, Lant EC, Lermyte F, Needham RJ, Palau M, Sadler PJ, Shi H, Wang FX, Zhang WY, Zhang Z. Metallodrugs are unique: opportunities and challenges of discovery and development. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12888-12917. [PMID: 34123239 PMCID: PMC8163330 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals play vital roles in nutrients and medicines and provide chemical functionalities that are not accessible to purely organic compounds. At least 10 metals are essential for human life and about 46 other non-essential metals (including radionuclides) are also used in drug therapies and diagnostic agents. These include platinum drugs (in 50% of cancer chemotherapies), lithium (bipolar disorders), silver (antimicrobials), and bismuth (broad-spectrum antibiotics). While the quest for novel and better drugs is now as urgent as ever, drug discovery and development pipelines established for organic drugs and based on target identification and high-throughput screening of compound libraries are less effective when applied to metallodrugs. Metallodrugs are often prodrugs which undergo activation by ligand substitution or redox reactions, and are multi-targeting, all of which need to be considered when establishing structure-activity relationships. We focus on early-stage in vitro drug discovery, highlighting the challenges of evaluating anticancer, antimicrobial and antiviral metallo-pharmacophores in cultured cells, and identifying their targets. We highlight advances in the application of metal-specific techniques that can assist the preclinical development, including synchrotron X-ray spectro(micro)scopy, luminescence, and mass spectrometry-based methods, combined with proteomic and genomic (metallomic) approaches. A deeper understanding of the behavior of metals and metallodrugs in biological systems is not only key to the design of novel agents with unique mechanisms of action, but also to new understanding of clinically-established drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bolitho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Hannah E Bridgewater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Oliver W L Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jane M Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Edward C Lant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Russell J Needham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Marta Palau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Wen-Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Zijin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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25
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Daubit IM, Sullivan MP, John M, Goldstone DC, Hartinger CG, Metzler-Nolte N. A Combined Spectroscopic and Protein Crystallography Study Reveals Protein Interactions of Rh I(NHC) Complexes at the Molecular Level. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17191-17199. [PMID: 33180473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While most Rh-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes currently investigated in anticancer research contain a Rh(III) metal center, an increasing amount of research is focusing on the cytotoxic activity and mode of action of square-planar [RhCl(COD)(NHC)] (where COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) which contains a Rh(I) center. The enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and the protein albumin have been proposed as potential targets, but the molecular processes taking place upon protein interaction remain elusive. Herein, we report the preparation of peptide-conjugated and its nonconjugated parent [RhCl(COD)(NHC)] complexes, an in-depth investigation of both their stability in solution, and a crystallographic study of protein interaction. The organorhodium compounds showed a rapid loss of the COD ligand and slow loss of the NHC ligand in aqueous solution. These ligand exchange reactions were reflected in studies on the interaction with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as a model protein in single-crystal X-ray crystallographic investigations. Upon treatment of HEWL with an amino acid functionalized [RhCl(COD)(NHC)] complex, two distinct rhodium adducts were found initially after 7 d of incubation at His15 and after 4 weeks also at Lys33. In both cases, the COD and chlorido ligands had been substituted with aqua and/or hydroxido ligands. While the histidine (His) adduct also indicated a loss of the NHC ligand, the lysine (Lys) adduct retained the NHC core derived from the amino acid l-histidine. In either case, an octahedral coordination environment of the metal center indicates oxidation to Rh(III). This investigation gives the first insight on the interaction of Rh(I)(NHC) complexes and proteins at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M Daubit
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthew P Sullivan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Milena John
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - David C Goldstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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26
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Mbaba M, Golding TM, Smith GS. Recent Advances in the Biological Investigation of Organometallic Platinum-Group Metal (Ir, Ru, Rh, Os, Pd, Pt) Complexes as Antimalarial Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225276. [PMID: 33198217 PMCID: PMC7698227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of the recent pandemic and emergence of infectious diseases of viral origin, research on parasitic diseases such as malaria continues to remain critical and innovative methods are required to target the rising widespread resistance that renders conventional therapies unusable. The prolific use of auxiliary metallo-fragments has augmented the search for novel drug regimens in an attempt to combat rising resistance. The development of organometallic compounds (those containing metal-carbon bonds) as antimalarial drugs has been exemplified by the clinical development of ferroquine in the nascent field of Bioorganometallic Chemistry. With their inherent physicochemical properties, organometallic complexes can modulate the discipline of chemical biology by proffering different modes of action and targeting various enzymes. With the beneficiation of platinum group metals (PGMs) in mind, this review aims to describe recent studies on the antimalarial activity of PGM-based organometallic complexes. This review does not provide an exhaustive coverage of the literature but focusses on recent advances of bioorganometallic antimalarial drug leads, including a brief mention of recent trends comprising interactions with biomolecules such as heme and intracellular catalysis. This resource can be used in parallel with complementary reviews on metal-based complexes tested against malaria.
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Quiles JL, Sánchez-González C, Vera-Ramírez L, Giampieri F, Navarro-Hortal MD, Xiao J, Llopis J, Battino M, Varela-López A. Reductive Stress, Bioactive Compounds, Redox-Active Metals, and Dormant Tumor Cell Biology to Develop Redox-Based Tools for the Treatment of Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:860-881. [PMID: 32064905 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cancer is related to redox biology from many points of view, such as initiation and promotion, metabolism and growth, invasion and metastasis, vascularization, or through the interaction with the immune system. In addition, this extremely complex relationship depends on the redox homeostasis of each cellular compartment, which might be used to fight cancer. Recent Advances: New ways of modulating specific and little explored aspects of redox biology have been revealed, as well as new delivery methods or uses of previously known treatments against cancer. Here, we review the latest experimental evidence regarding redox biology in cancer treatment and analyze its potential impact in the development of improved and more effective antineoplastic therapies. Critical Issues: A critical issue that deserves particular attention is the understanding that both extremes of redox biology (i.e., oxidative stress [OS] and reductive stress) might be useful or harmful in relation to cancer prevention and treatment. Future Directions: Additional research is needed to understand how to selectively induce reductive or OS adequately to avoid cancer proliferation or to induce cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Vera-Ramírez
- Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO: Centre for Genomics and Oncology (Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government), Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Dolores Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Llopis
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Fawibe KB, Azmanova M, Rafols L, Pitto-Barry A, Eke UB, Barry NPE. Synthesis, Characterisation and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Catalytically Active Indole-Based Half-Sandwich Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4540. [PMID: 33022980 PMCID: PMC7583056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of four indole-based half-sandwich metal complexes towards two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780cisR) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) are presented herein. Although capable of inducing catalytic oxidation of NADH and able to reduce NAD+ with high turnover frequencies, in cells and in the presence of sodium formate, these complexes also strongly interact with biomolecules such as glutathione. This work highlights that efficient out-of-cells catalytic activity might lead to higher reactivity towards biomolecules, thus inhibiting the in-cells catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan J. Soldevila-Barreda
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Kehinde B. Fawibe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Nigeria; (K.B.F.); (U.B.E.)
| | - Maria Azmanova
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Laia Rafols
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Uche B. Eke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Nigeria; (K.B.F.); (U.B.E.)
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
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Weng C, Shen L, Ang WH. Harnessing Endogenous Formate for Antibacterial Prodrug Activation by in cellulo Ruthenium-Mediated Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9314-9318. [PMID: 32141662 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and evolving pathogenic behavior of bacterial microorganisms give rise to antibiotic tolerance and resistance which pose a danger to global public health. New therapeutic strategies are needed to keep pace with this growing threat. We propose a novel approach for targeting bacteria by harnessing formate, a cell metabolite found only in particular bacterial species, to activate an antibacterial prodrug and selectively inhibit their growth. This strategy is premised on transfer hydrogenation reaction on a biorthogonal substrate utilizing native formate as the hydride source as a means of uncaging an antibacterial prodrug. Using coordination-directed 3-component assembly to prepare a library of 768 unique Ru-Arene Schiff-base complexes, we identified several candidates that efficiently reduced sulfonyl azide functional group in the presence of formate. This strategy paves the way for a new approach of targeted antibacterial therapy by exploiting unique bacterial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Linghui Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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30
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Weng C, Shen L, Ang WH. Harnessing Endogenous Formate for Antibacterial Prodrug Activation by
in cellulo
Ruthenium‐Mediated Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Weng
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Linghui Shen
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
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31
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Zhang WY, Bridgewater HE, Banerjee S, Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Clarkson GJ, Shi H, Imberti C, Sadler PJ. Ligand-Controlled Reactivity and Cytotoxicity of Cyclometalated Rhodium(III) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:1052-1060. [PMID: 33776557 PMCID: PMC7610438 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterisation and cytotoxicity of six cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes [CpXRh(C^N)Z]0/+, in which CpX = Cp*, Cpph, or Cpbiph, C^N = benzo[h]quinoline, and Z = chloride or pyridine. Three x-ray crystal structures showing the expected "piano-stool" configurations have been determined. The chlorido complexes hydrolysed faster in aqueous solution, also reacted preferentially with 9-ethyl guanine or glutathione compared to their pyridine analogues. The 1-biphenyl-2,3,4,5,-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl complex [CpbiphRh(benzo[h]quinoline)Cl] (3a) was the most efficient catalyst in coenzyme reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation to NAD+ and induced an elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 human lung cancer cells. The pyridine complex [CpbiphRh(benzo[h]quinoline)py]+ (3b) was the most potent against A549 lung and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines, being 5-fold more active than cisplatin towards A549 cells, and acted as a ROS scavenger. This work highlights a ligand-controlled strategy to modulate the reactivity and cytotoxicity of cyclometalated rhodium anticancer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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32
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Liang J, Levina A, Jia J, Kappen P, Glover C, Johannessen B, Lay PA. Reactivity and Transformation of Antimetastatic and Cytotoxic Rhodium(III)–Dimethyl Sulfoxide Complexes in Biological Fluids: An XAS Speciation Study. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4880-4893. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Junteng Jia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Kappen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Chris Glover
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bernt Johannessen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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33
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Makarov MV, Migaud ME. Syntheses and chemical properties of β-nicotinamide riboside and its analogues and derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:401-430. [PMID: 30873226 PMCID: PMC6404419 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-anomeric form of nicotinamide riboside (NR+) is a precursor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a redox cofactor playing a critical role in cell metabolism. Recently, it has been demonstrated that its chloride salt (NR+Cl-) has beneficial effects, and now NR+Cl- is available as a dietary supplement. Syntheses and studies of analogues and derivatives of NR+ are of high importance to unravel the role of NR+ in biochemical processes in living cells and to elaborate the next generation of NR+ derivatives and conjugates with the view of developing novel drug and food supplement candidates. This review provides an overview of the synthetic approaches, the chemical properties, and the structural and functional modifications which have been undertaken on the nicotinoyl riboside scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Makarov
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Ave., Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Ave., Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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34
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Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Metzler-Nolte N. Intracellular Catalysis with Selected Metal Complexes and Metallic Nanoparticles: Advances toward the Development of Catalytic Metallodrugs. Chem Rev 2019; 119:829-869. [PMID: 30618246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-containing drugs (e.g., cisplatin) are among the most frequently used chemotherapeutic agents. Their tremendous success has spurred research and development of other metal-based drugs, with notable achievements. Generally, the vast majority of metal-based drug candidates in clinical and developmental stages are stoichiometric agents, i.e., each metal complex reacts only once with their biological target. Additionally, many of these metal complexes are involved in side reactions, which not only reduce the effective amount of the drug but may also cause toxicity. On a separate note, transition metal complexes and nanoparticles have a well-established history of being potent catalysts for selective molecular transformations, with examples such as the Mo- and Ru-based catalysts for metathesis reactions (Nobel Prize in 2005) or palladium catalysts for C-C bond forming reactions such as Heck, Negishi, or Suzuki reactions (Nobel Prize in 2010). Also, notably, no direct biological equivalent of these transformations exists in a biological environment such as bacteria or mammalian cells. It is, therefore, only logical that recent interest has focused on developing transition-metal based catalytic systems that are capable of performing transformations inside cells, with the aim of inducing medicinally relevant cellular changes. Because unlike in stoichiometric reactions, a catalytically active compound may turn over many substrate molecules, only very small amounts of such a catalytic metallodrug are required to achieve a desired pharmacologic effect, and therefore, toxicity and side reactions are reduced. Furthermore, performing catalytic reactions in biological systems also opens the door for new methodologies to study the behavior of biomolecules in their natural state, e.g., via in situ labeling or by increasing/depleting their concentration at will. There is, of course, an art to the choice of catalysts and reactions which have to be compatible with biological conditions, namely an aqueous, oxygen-containing environment. In this review, we aim to describe new developments that bring together the far-distant worlds of transition-metal based catalysis and metal-based drugs, in what is termed "catalytic metallodrugs". Here we will focus on transformations that have been performed on small biomolecules (such as shifting equilibria like in the NAD+/NADH or GSH/GSSG couples), on non-natural molecules such as dyes for imaging purposes, or on biomacromolecules such as proteins. Neither reactions involving release (e.g., CO) or transformation of small molecules (e.g., 1O2 production), degradation of biomolecules such as proteins, RNA or DNA nor light-induced medicinal chemistry (e.g., photodynamic therapy) are covered, even if metal complexes are centrally involved in those. In each section, we describe the (inorganic) chemistry involved, as well as selected examples of biological applications in the hope that this snapshot of a new but quickly developing field will indeed inspire novel research and unprecedented interactions across disciplinary boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Josep Soldevila-Barreda
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780-D Bochum , Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780-D Bochum , Germany
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35
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Han Y, Tian Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Li J, Li Y, Liu Y, Gao M, Liu Z. Half-sandwich IridiumIII N-heterocyclic carbene antitumor complexes and biological applications. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Štarha P, Dvořák Z, Trávníček Z. Half-sandwich Ir(III) and Rh(III) 2,2′-dipyridylamine complexes: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity against the ovarian carcinoma cells. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Effect of Substituents on the Biological Activities of Piano Stool η5-Cyclopentadienyl Rh(III) and Ir(III) Complexes. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Pettinari R, Marchetti F, Di Nicola C, Pettinari C. Half-Sandwich Metal Complexes with β-Diketone-Like Ligands and Their Anticancer Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pettinari
- School of Pharmacy; Chemistry Section; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino MC Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- School of Science and Technology; Chemistry Section; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino MC Italy
| | - Corrado Di Nicola
- School of Science and Technology; Chemistry Section; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino MC Italy
| | - Claudio Pettinari
- School of Pharmacy; Chemistry Section; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino MC Italy
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39
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Gichumbi JM, Friedrich HB. Half-sandwich complexes of platinum group metals (Ir, Rh, Ru and Os) and some recent biological and catalytic applications. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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40
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Haghdoost MM, Guard J, Golbaghi G, Castonguay A. Anticancer Activity and Catalytic Potential of Ruthenium(II)-Arene Complexes with N,O-Donor Ligands. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7558-7567. [PMID: 29888595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The special ability of organometallic complexes to catalyze various transformations might offer new effective mechanisms for the treatment of cancer. Studies that report both the biological properties and the ability of metallic complexes to promote therapeutically relevant catalytic reactions are limited. Herein, we report the anticancer activity and catalytic potential of some ruthenium(II)-arene complexes bearing bidentate Schiff base ligands (2a and 2b) and their reduced analogues (5a and 5b, respectively). In comparison to their Schiff base counterparts 2a and 2b, we demonstrate that amine complexes 5a and 5b display (i) a higher in vitro antiproliferative activity on different human cancer cell lines, (ii) a lower rate of hydrolysis, and (iii) an improved initial catalytic rate for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. In contrast to their imine analogues 2a and 2b, we also show that amine complexes 5a and 5b induce the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Our results highlight the impact that a simple ligand modification such as the reduction of an imine moiety can have on both the catalytic and biological activities of metal complexes. Moreover, the ruthenium complexes reported here display some antiproliferative activity against T47D breast cancer cells, known for their cis-platin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Haghdoost
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Université du Québec , 531 boul. des Prairies , Laval , Quebec H7V 1B7 , Canada
| | - Juliette Guard
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Université du Québec , 531 boul. des Prairies , Laval , Quebec H7V 1B7 , Canada
| | - Golara Golbaghi
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Université du Québec , 531 boul. des Prairies , Laval , Quebec H7V 1B7 , Canada
| | - Annie Castonguay
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Université du Québec , 531 boul. des Prairies , Laval , Quebec H7V 1B7 , Canada
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41
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Banerjee S, Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Wolny JA, Wootton CA, Habtemariam A, Romero-Canelón I, Chen F, Clarkson GJ, Prokes I, Song L, O'Connor PB, Schünemann V, Sadler PJ. New activation mechanism for half-sandwich organometallic anticancer complexes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3177-3185. [PMID: 29732100 PMCID: PMC5916112 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cp x C-H protons in certain organometallic RhIII half-sandwich anticancer complexes [(η5-Cp x )Rh(N,N')Cl]+, where Cp x = Cp*, phenyl or biphenyl-Me4Cp, and N,N' = bipyridine, dimethylbipyridine, or phenanthroline, can undergo rapid sequential deuteration of all 15 Cp* methyl protons in aqueous media at ambient temperature. DFT calculations suggest a mechanism involving abstraction of a Cp* proton by the Rh-hydroxido complex, followed by sequential H/D exchange, with the Cp* rings behaving like dynamic molecular 'twisters'. The calculations reveal the crucial role of pπ orbitals of N,N'-chelated ligands in stabilizing deprotonated Cp x ligands, and also the accessibility of RhI-fulvene intermediates. They also provide insight into why biologically-inactive complexes such as [(Cp*)RhIII(en)Cl]+ and [(Cp*)IrIII(bpy)Cl]+ do not have activated Cp* rings. The thiol tripeptide glutathione (γ-l-Glu-l-Cys-Gly, GSH) and the activated dienophile N-methylmaleimide, (NMM) did not undergo addition reactions with the proposed RhI-fulvene, although they were able to control the extent of Cp* deuteration. We readily trapped and characterized RhI-fulvene intermediates by Diels-Alder [4+2] cyclo-addition reactions with the natural biological dienes isoprene and conjugated (9Z,11E)-linoleic acid in aqueous media, including cell culture medium, the first report of a Diels-Alder reaction of a metal-bound fulvene in aqueous solution. These findings will introduce new concepts into the design of organometallic Cp* anticancer complexes with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | | | - Juliusz A Wolny
- Department of Physics , University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46 , 67663 Kaiserslautern , Germany
| | - Christopher A Wootton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Abraha Habtemariam
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Ivan Prokes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Lijiang Song
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Department of Physics , University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46 , 67663 Kaiserslautern , Germany
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
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42
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Coverdale JPC, Romero-Canelón I, Sanchez-Cano C, Clarkson GJ, Habtemariam A, Wills M, Sadler PJ. Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation by synthetic catalysts in cancer cells. Nat Chem 2018; 10:347-354. [PMID: 29461524 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic anticancer metallodrugs active at low doses could minimize side-effects, introduce novel mechanisms of action that combat resistance and widen the spectrum of anticancer-drug activity. Here we use highly stable chiral half-sandwich organometallic Os(II) arene sulfonyl diamine complexes, [Os(arene)(TsDPEN)] (TsDPEN, N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine), to achieve a highly enantioselective reduction of pyruvate, a key intermediate in metabolic pathways. Reduction is shown both in aqueous model systems and in human cancer cells, with non-toxic concentrations of sodium formate used as a hydride source. The catalytic mechanism generates selectivity towards ovarian cancer cells versus non-cancerous fibroblasts (both ovarian and lung), which are commonly used as models of healthy proliferating cells. The formate precursor N-formylmethionine was explored as an alternative to formate in PC3 prostate cancer cells, which are known to overexpress a deformylase enzyme. Transfer-hydrogenation catalysts that generate reductive stress in cancer cells offer a new approach to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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43
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Mészáros JP, Dömötör O, Hackl CM, Roller A, Keppler BK, Kandioller W, Enyedy ÉA. Structural and solution equilibrium studies on half-sandwich organorhodium complexes of (N,N) donor bidentate ligands. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01681j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Characterization, solution stability, chloride affinity and crystal structures of [Rh(η5-C5Me5)(N^N)(H2O)]2+ complexes and their correlation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- János P. Mészáros
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Carmen M. Hackl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Éva A. Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
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44
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Comparative equilibrium and structural studies of new pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium complexes bearing (O,N) donor bidentate ligands. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Biswas S, Roy P, Jana S, Mondal TK. Osmium-hydride-carbonyl complex with thioether containing Schiff base ligand: Synthesis, crystal structure, electrochemistry and catalytic transfer hydrogenation. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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New palladium (II) complexes with Thiophene and furan bridged N -Acylbenzotriazole ligands: Synthesis, characterization and hydrogenation activity in ionic liquid. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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48
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A BPR, A U, T C, Bethu M, J VR, Deb DK, Sarkar B, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. The in vitro antitumor activity of oligonuclear polypyridyl rhodium and iridium complexes against cancer cells and human pathogens. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Wiedner ES, Chambers MB, Pitman CL, Bullock RM, Miller AJM, Appel AM. Thermodynamic Hydricity of Transition Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8655-92. [PMID: 27483171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal hydrides play a critical role in stoichiometric and catalytic transformations. Knowledge of free energies for cleaving metal hydride bonds enables the prediction of chemical reactivity, such as for the bond-forming and bond-breaking events that occur in a catalytic reaction. Thermodynamic hydricity is the free energy required to cleave an M-H bond to generate a hydride ion (H(-)). Three primary methods have been developed for hydricity determination: the hydride transfer method establishes hydride transfer equilibrium with a hydride donor/acceptor pair of known hydricity, the H2 heterolysis method involves measuring the equilibrium of heterolytic cleavage of H2 in the presence of a base, and the potential-pKa method considers stepwise transfer of a proton and two electrons to give a net hydride transfer. Using these methods, over 100 thermodynamic hydricity values for transition metal hydrides have been determined in acetonitrile or water. In acetonitrile, the hydricity of metal hydrides spans a range of more than 50 kcal/mol. Methods for using hydricity values to predict chemical reactivity are also discussed, including organic transformations, the reduction of CO2, and the production and oxidation of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Wiedner
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Matthew B Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Catherine L Pitman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Aaron M Appel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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