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Venkatesh M, Parthasarathy P. Al 2O 3/ZrO 2 dual-dielectric Gr/CNT nanoribbon vertical tunnel FET based biosensor for genomic classification and S-protein detection in SARS-CoV-2. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30077. [PMID: 38707330 PMCID: PMC11066398 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing genetic mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) possesses the capacity to inadvertently lead to an increase in both the rates of transmission and mortality. In this study, we showcase the use of an Al2O3/ZrO2 Dual-Dielectric Gr/CNT Nanoribbon vertical tunnel field-effect transistor biosensor for the purpose of detecting spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The proteins mentioned above are situated within the protein capsids of the virus. The effectiveness of the suggested detector has been assessed through measurements of the alteration in current drain. The present study utilizes the dielectric coefficient analogue of viral proteins as a substitute for biomolecules that exhibit internal hybridization nanogaps. The high sensitivity of the suggested detector, as evaluated on a scale ranging from 0 to 115, suggests its potential as a high-quality sensing instrument. The purpose of this study is to examine the sensitivity of DNA charge density with the aim of identifying any alterations in the virus that may impact its ability to spread and infect humans. The chromosomal composition of SARS-CoV-2 has been determined. The CMC Research Centre, situated in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, conducted an examination of SARS-CoV-2 samples. The scientists possess the capability to do genome sequencing on these specimens, so facilitating the examination of mutation patterns and the dispersion of different clades. A total of 250 different mutations were found out of the 600 sequences that were evaluated. The sequencing data consists of a complete collection of 250 distinct variants, including 150 missense mutations, 80 synonymous mutations, 15 mutations in noncoding regions, and 5 deletions. The comprehension of genetic variety is significantly dependent on these mutations. The proposed detector is connected to a variety of previously documented biosensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs), which are employed for the examination of genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Venkatesh
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, 560037
| | - P. Parthasarathy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, 560037
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Nagarajan N, Panchatcharam P. Biosensor nanoarchitectonics of Cu-Fe-nanoparticles/Zeolite-A/Graphene nanocomposite for enhanced electrooxidation and dopamine detection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19741. [PMID: 37809966 PMCID: PMC10559056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu-Fe NPs/ZEA/Gr electrochemical biosensor is developed by sol-gel spin coating technique, where copper-iron nanoparticles (Cu-Fe NPs) is synthesized using a chemical reduction method and modified with Zeolite & Graphene to develop a hybrid nanocomposite - Cu-Fe NPs/ZEA/Gr. The synthesized nanocomposite is then mixed with poly (vinyl alcohol) as a binding agent and coated on to the glass substrate to produce thin film electrode. Then the electrode was analyzed for structural and morphological studies using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-VIS, absorption, and emission spectra. The presence of Cu-Fe NPs, ZEA, and Gr in the nanocomposite is confirmed by the XRD diffraction peaks, while SEM investigation revealed that the hybrid composite has a particle size of around 7.25 nm with a body-centred cubic structure. The TEM images show that bimetallic nanoparticles were incorporated into the ZEA shell, which was surrounded by a layer of transparent graphene. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibited a distinct absorption peak at 395 nm, as evidenced by UV-VIS, absorption, and emission spectra. The electrochemical tests demonstrated that the Cu-Fe NPs/ZEA/Gr nanocomposite electrode showed an excellent electrocatalytic and selective properties towards the electrooxidation of dopamine to dopamine-o-quinone. The detection limit of the Cu-Fe NPs/ZEA/Gr nanocomposite thin film was found to be 0.058 μM, with a sensitivity of 1.97 μAμM-1cm-2. The enhanced catalytic performance of the Cu-Fe NPs/ZEA/Gr electrode is attributed to the unique nanostructured materials coating on the glass substrate. The findings suggest that nano-hybrid materials can be a viable option for developing electrochemical biosensors to monitor dopamine levels in biological fluids. This indicates that the concept of nanoarchitectonics utilized to produce dopamine sensors may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders associated with dopamine dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navashree Nagarajan
- SERB, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India
| | - Parthasarathy Panchatcharam
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India
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Mei Y, Yang X, Liu C, Li Y, Gui J, Zhang L. The impact of psychological resilience on chronic patients' depression during the dynamic Zero-COVID policy: the mediating role of stigma and the moderating role of sleep quality. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:213. [PMID: 37480116 PMCID: PMC10362636 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic patients are experiencing depression caused by themselves or the surrounding environment, how to cope with the change of mentality and adjust the psychological stress response, especially under the background of the current dynamic Zero-COVID policy in China, is a problem worth further discussion. The researchers constructed a mediating regulation model to test the influence of psychological resilience on depression of chronic patients during dynamic Zero-COVID, as well as the mediating role of stigma and the moderating role of sleep. METHOD From October 2021 to February 2022, this study used a multi-stage sampling method and random number table method to collect data in the Shang Cheng District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Firstly, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, a third-class hospital was randomly selected from the Shang Cheng District. Secondly, three departments were strategically selected from this hospital: endocrinology, dermatology, and traditional Chinese medicine. Thirdly, survey points were set up in each department, and chronic patients were strategically selected for questionnaire surveys. Finally, a face-to-face survey was conducted on 398 chronic patients who met the criteria for inclusion. In addition, chronic medical illness burden was assessed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics (CIRS-G), psychological resilience was measured by the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), stigma was measured by the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI), sleep was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and depression was estimated by the Patient Health Questionaire-9(PHQ-9). SPSS (version 25.0) and PROCESS (version 4.0) were used for correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and mediated moderation analysis. RESULTS Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depression, stigma, and sleep. Depression was positively correlated with stigma and sleep. Stigma and sleep were positively correlated; Stigma played a mediating role in the relationship between psychological resilience and depression; Sleep moderated the first half of the pathway "psychological resilience [Formula: see text] stigma [Formula: see text] depression". CONCLUSION Psychological resilience affected depression directly and indirectly through stigma. At the same time, sleep played a moderating role between psychological resilience and depression. The correlation between psychological resilience and stigma was stronger when levels of sleep levels were higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Mei
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Liu
- School of Marxism, Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Linghe District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiaofeng Gui
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China.
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Pallavi P, Harini K, Elboughdiri N, Gowtham P, Girigoswami K, Girigoswami A. Infections associated with SARS-CoV-2 exploited via nanoformulated photodynamic therapy. ADMET AND DMPK 2023; 11:513-531. [PMID: 37937246 PMCID: PMC10626507 DOI: 10.5599/admet.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the need for managing infectious diseases, which spreads by airborne transmission leading to serious health, social, and economic issues. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus with a 60-140 nm diameter and particle-like features, which majorly accounts for this disease. Expanding diagnostic capabilities, developing safe vaccinations with long-lasting immunity, and formulating effective medications are the strategies to be investigated. Experimental approach For the literature search, electronic databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were used as the source. Search terms like 'Nano-mediated PDT,' 'PDT for SARS-CoV-2', and 'Nanotechnology in treatment for SARS-CoV-2' were used. Out of 275 initially selected articles, 198 were chosen after the abstract screening. During the full-text screening, 80 papers were excluded, and 18 were eliminated during data extraction. Preference was given to articles published from 2018 onwards, but a few older references were cited for their valuable information. Key results Synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) have a close structural resemblance to viruses and interact greatly with their proteins due to their similarities in the configurations. NPs had previously been reported to be effective against a variety of viruses. In this way, with nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be a viable alternative to antibiotics in fighting against microbial infections. The protocol of PDT includes the activation of photosensitizers using specific light to destroy microorganisms in the presence of oxygen, treating several respiratory diseases. Conclusion The use of PDT in treating COVID-19 requires intensive investigations, which has been reviewed in this manuscript, including a computational approach to formulating effective photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Pallavi
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
| | - Karthick Harini
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Pemula Gowtham
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
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Chaudhary KR, Kujur S, Singh K. Recent advances of nanotechnology in COVID 19: A critical review and future perspective. OPENNANO 2023; 9. [PMCID: PMC9749399 DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global anxiety and economic crisis causes the deadly pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID 19) affect millions of people right now. Subsequently, this life threatened viral disease is caused due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, morbidity and mortality of infected patients are due to cytokines storm syndrome associated with lung injury and multiorgan failure caused by COVID 19. Thereafter, several methodological advances have been approved by WHO and US-FDA for the detection, diagnosis and control of this wide spreadable communicable disease but still facing multi-challenges to control. Herein, we majorly emphasize the current trends and future perspectives of nano-medicinal based approaches for the delivery of anti-COVID 19 therapeutic moieties. Interestingly, Nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drug molecules or vaccines resemble morphological features of SARS-CoV-2 in their size (60–140 nm) and shape (circular or spherical) that particularly mimics the virus facilitating strong interaction between them. Indeed, the delivery of anti-COVID 19 cargos via a nanoparticle such as Lipidic nanoparticles, Polymeric nanoparticles, Metallic nanoparticles, and Multi-functionalized nanoparticles to overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches, specifying the site-specific targeting with reduced drug loading and toxicities, exhibit their immense potential. Additionally, nano-technological based drug delivery with their peculiar characteristics of having low immunogenicity, tunable drug release, multidrug delivery, higher selectivity and specificity, higher efficacy and tolerability switch on the novel pathway for the prevention and treatment of COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabi Raj Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India,Department of Research and Development, United Biotech (P) Ltd. Bagbania, Nalagarh, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, MOGA, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Sima Kujur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India,Department of Research and Development, United Biotech (P) Ltd. Bagbania, Nalagarh, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Machado-Duque ME, Gaviria-Mendoza A, Valladales-Restrepo LF, Albanés-Beltrán JP, Machado-Alba JE. Trends in the Use of Sedative-Hypnotics, Opioids, and Neuromuscular Blockers in Hospitalized Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Retrospective Study. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2022; 9:629-638. [PMID: 36329371 PMCID: PMC9633019 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-022-00337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the use of drugs administered for mechanical ventilation, leading to shortages in some countries. Objective The aim was to identify trends in the consumption of sedatives, hypnotics, neuromuscular blockers, and opioids used for anesthetic induction and deep sedation in hospitals in Colombia. Method This was a descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective study with monthly follow-up of sedative, hypnotic, opioid, and neuromuscular blocker dispensing in 20 clinics and hospitals from January to November 2020. The frequencies of use of each drug and variations in the institutions and intensive care units (ICUs) were identified. Results A total of 1,252,576 units of the analyzed drugs were delivered to 79,094 treated patients, 55.0% of whom were women (n = 43,521). The drugs with the greatest increase in consumption were rocuronium (1058% variation in March–November) and propofol (511%). The consumption of midazolam and vecuronium initially increased, but by the end of the study period, it decreased. Among drugs dispensed only in ICUs, 920,170 units were delivered (73.5% of the drugs dispensed during the study), and the most often dispensed drugs were fentanyl (n = 251,519; 27.3% of the drugs used in the ICU) and midazolam (5 mg/5 mL) solution (n = 188,568; 20.5%). Specifically in the ICU, the drugs with the greatest increase in use were rocuronium (19,709%), propofol (2622%), and ketamine (2591%). Conclusion Rapid changes in the use of drugs were evident, which demonstrates the need for closer cooperation among treating physicians, service providers, pharmaceutical managers, and state institutions to maintain a sufficient and timely supply of critical drugs in this type of contingency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40801-022-00337-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E. Machado-Duque
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Pereira, Calle 105 No. 14-140, Pereira, 660003 Risaralda, Colombia ,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Pereira, Calle 105 No. 14-140, Pereira, 660003 Risaralda, Colombia ,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Luis Fernando Valladales-Restrepo
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Pereira, Calle 105 No. 14-140, Pereira, 660003 Risaralda, Colombia ,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Albanés-Beltrán
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Pereira, Calle 105 No. 14-140, Pereira, 660003 Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Pereira, Calle 105 No. 14-140, Pereira, 660003 Risaralda, Colombia
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Liu Z, Mutukumira AN, Shen C. Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and eating behavior in the advent of the global coronavirus pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261832. [PMID: 34972145 PMCID: PMC8719730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships of food safety knowledge, attitude and eating behavior of consumers during national lockdowns in the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 157 respondents completed the online survey using a structured questionnaire worldwide. Overall, the respondents exhibited good attitude and good knowledge towards public health including food safety especially on the importance of social distancing, mask wearing, well-balanced diet, physical exercise and personal hygiene, such as hand washing during the pandemic lockdowns. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the relationships among food safety knowledge, attitude and behavior under the pandemic conditions. Results showed that attitude towards food safety under the coronavirus pandemic and lockdowns positively affected the eating behavior of the respondents, which exhibited a high β (0.686) among the variables tested (p<0.05). Food safety knowledge was apparently not affected by the food safety behavior of the respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | | | - Cong Shen
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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Alzain AA, Elbadwi FA. Identification of novel TMPRSS2 inhibitors for COVID-19 using e-pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics studies. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021; 26:100758. [PMID: 34667827 PMCID: PMC8516157 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world and continues to have a massive global health effect, contributing to an infectious respiratory illness called coronavirus infection-19 (COVID-19). TMPRSS2 is an emerging molecular target that plays a role in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection; hence, inhibiting its activity might be a target for COVID-19. This study aims to use many computational approaches to provide compounds that could be optimized into clinical candidates. As there is no experimentally derived protein information, initially we develop the TMPRSS2 model. Then, we generate a pharmacophore model from TMPRSS2 active site consequently, and the developed models were employed for the screening of one million molecules from the Enamine database. The created model was then screened using e-pharmacophore-based screening, molecular docking, free energy estimation and molecular dynamic simulation. Also, ADMET prediction and density functional theory calculations were performed. Three potential molecules (Z126202570, Z46489368, and Z422255982) exhibited promising stable binding interactions with the target. In conclusion, these findings empower further in vitro and clinical assessment for these compounds as novel anti-COVID19 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahim A Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Fatima A Elbadwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
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Girón-Navarro R, Linares-Hernández I, Castillo-Suárez LA. The impact of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in water: potential risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52651-52674. [PMID: 34453253 PMCID: PMC8397333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes research data on SARS-CoV-2 in water environments. A literature survey was conducted using the electronic databases Science Direct, Scopus, and Springer. This complete research included and discussed relevant studies that involve the (1) introduction, (2) definition and features of coronavirus, (2.1) structure and classification, (3) effects on public health, (4) transmission, (5) detection methods, (6) impact of COVID-19 on the water sector (drinking water, cycle water, surface water, wastewater), (6.5) wastewater treatment, and (7) future trends. The results show contamination of clean water sources, and community drinking water is vulnerable. Additionally, there is evidence that sputum, feces, and urine contain SARS-CoV-2, which can maintain its viability in sewage and the urban-rural water cycle to move towards seawater or freshwater; thus, the risk associated with contracting COVID-19 from contact with untreated water or inadequately treated wastewater is high. Moreover, viral loads have been detected in surface water, although the risk is lower for countries that efficiently treat their wastewater. Further investigation is immediately required to determine the persistence and mobility of SARS-CoV-2 in polluted water and sewage as well as the possible potential of disease transmission via drinking water. Conventional wastewater treatment systems have been shown to be effective in removing the virus, which plays an important role in pandemic control. Monitoring of this virus in water is extremely important as it can provide information on the prevalence and distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic in different communities as well as possible infection dynamics to prevent future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Girón-Navarro
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 14.5 carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P, 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 14.5 carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P, 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 14.5 carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P, 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
- Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnología - COMECYT, Diagonal Alfredo del Mazo 198 y 103, Guadalupe y Club Jardín, C.P. 50010, Toluca de Lerdo, Estado de México, México.
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Are Host Defense Peptides and Their Derivatives Ready to be Part of the Treatment of the Next Coronavirus Pandemic? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:25. [PMID: 34529143 PMCID: PMC8444179 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The term host defense peptides arose at the beginning to refer to those peptides that are part of the host’s immunity. Because of their broad antimicrobial capacity and immunomodulatory activity, nowadays, they emerge as a hope to combat resistant multi-drug microorganisms and emerging viruses, such as the case of coronaviruses. Since the beginning of this century, coronaviruses have been part of different outbreaks and a pandemic, and they will be surely part of the next pandemics, this review analyses whether these peptides and their derivatives are ready to be part of the treatment of the next coronavirus pandemic.
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Zepeda R, Lee Y, Agostini M, Alick Lindstrom S, Dave H, Dieppa M, Ding K, Doyle A, Harvey J, Hays R, Perven G, Podkorytova I, Das RR. Emergent Admissions to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic-related, State-mandated Restrictions: Clinical Decision Making and Outcomes. Neurodiagn J 2021; 61:95-103. [PMID: 34110971 DOI: 10.1080/21646821.2021.1918512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the state of Texas-limited elective procedures to conserve beds and personal protective equipment (PPE); therefore, between March 22 and May 18, 2020, admission to the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) was limited only to urgent and emergent cases. We evaluated clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients who were admitted to the EMU. Nineteen patients were admitted (one patient twice) with average age of 36.26 years (11 female) and average length of stay 3 days (range: 2-9 days). At least one event was captured on continuous EEG (cEEG) and video monitoring in all 20 admissions (atypical in one). One patient had both epileptic (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) while 10 had PNES and 9 had ES. In 8 of 9 patients with ES, medications were changed, while in 5 patients with PNES, anti-epileptic drugs (AED) were stopped; the remaining 5 were not on medications. Of the 14 patients who had seen an epileptologist pre-admission, 13 (or 93%) had their diagnosis confirmed by EMU stay; a statistically significant finding. While typically an elective admission, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, urgent and emergent EMU admissions were required for increased seizure or event frequency. In the vast majority of patients (13 of 19), admission lead to medication changes to either better control seizures or to change therapeutics as appropriate when PNES was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zepeda
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yoona Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark Agostini
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sasha Alick Lindstrom
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hina Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Marisara Dieppa
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alexander Doyle
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jay Harvey
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryan Hays
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ghazala Perven
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Irina Podkorytova
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rohit R Das
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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