1
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Li Z, Pollack GH. On the driver of blood circulation beyond the heart. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289652. [PMID: 37856567 PMCID: PMC10586597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is widely acknowledged as the unique driver of blood circulation. Recently, we discovered a flow-driving mechanism that can operate without imposed pressure, using infrared (IR) energy to propel flow. We considered the possibility that, by exploiting this mechanism, blood vessels, themselves, could propel flow. We verified the existence of this driving mechanism by using a three-day-old chick-embryo model. When the heart was stopped, blood continued to flow for approximately 50 minutes, albeit at a lower velocity. When IR was introduced, the postmortem flow increased from ~41.1 ± 25.6 μm/s to ~153.0 ± 59.5 μm/s (n = 6). When IR energy was diminished under otherwise physiological conditions, blood failed to flow. Hence, this IR-dependent, vessel-based flow-driving mechanism may indeed operate in the circulatory system, complementing the action of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gerald H. Pollack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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2
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Pettit-Mee RJ, Power G, Cabral-Amador FJ, Ramirez-Perez FI, Nogueira Soares R, Sharma N, Liu Y, Christou DD, Kanaley JA, Martinez-Lemus LA, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Padilla J. Endothelial HSP72 is not reduced in type 2 diabetes nor is it a key determinant of endothelial insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R43-R58. [PMID: 35470695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired endothelial insulin signaling and consequent blunting of insulin-induced vasodilation is a feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that contributes to vascular disease and glycemic dysregulation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial insulin resistance remain poorly known. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial insulin resistance in T2D is attributed to reduced expression of heat shock protein 72(HSP72). HSP72 is a cytoprotective chaperone protein that can be upregulated with heating and is reported to promote insulin sensitivity in metabolically active tissues, in part via inhibition of JNK activity. Accordingly, we further hypothesized that, in T2D individuals, seven days of passive heat treatment via hot water immersion to waist-level would improve leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load (i.e., endogenous insulin stimulation) via induction of endothelial HSP72. In contrast, we found that: 1) endothelial insulin resistance in T2D mice and humans was not associated with reduced HSP72 in aortas and venous endothelial cells, respectively; 2) after passive heat treatment, improved leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load did not parallel with increased endothelial HSP72; 3) downregulation of HSP72 (via small-interfering RNA) or upregulation of HSP72 (via heating) in cultured endothelial cells did not impair or enhance insulin signaling, respectively, nor was JNK activity altered. Collectively, these findings do not support the hypothesis that reduced HSP72 is a key driver of endothelial insulin resistance in T2D but provide novel evidence that lower-body heating may be an effective strategy for improving leg blood flow responses to glucose ingestion-induced hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Pettit-Mee
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gavin Power
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Neekun Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Camila M Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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3
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Kominami K, Takahiza E, Tabuchi M, Akino M. Blood pressure-lowering effect of repeated Waon therapy in non-smokers with hypertension. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26266. [PMID: 34115020 PMCID: PMC8202594 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Waon therapy (WT) has been used as a thermal therapy in chronic heart failure patients. However, its effect in patients with hypertension is unclear. This study aimed to reveal the hypotensive effect of WT in patients with hypertension. WT was performed on 31 patients with hypertension (63.9 ± 11.9 years, male: 17) on standard hypertension treatment focusing on lifestyle modification and medication. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured before and after WT using an upper arm automated sphygmomanometer. We investigated the effect of single and repeated (1 time/d, >5 times) WT sessions on blood pressure and further compared its effect between current smoking (n = 11, 55.4 ± 6.4 years, 8.5 ± 2.4 times) and non-smoking (n = 11, 66.9 ± 8.5 years, 12.2 ± 5.9 times) groups. A total of 370 sessions of WT were conducted. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased after a single WT session (systolic blood pressure: 118.5 ± 10.1 to 115.1 ± 9.0 mm Hg, P < .001; diastolic blood pressure: 70.5 ± 6.4 to 65.9 ± 5.3 mm Hg, P < .001). The blood pressure decrease following repeated WT was not significant when all participants were considered (systolic blood pressure: 122.3 ± 15.2 to 116.9 ± 19.6 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure: 73.8 ± 16.7 to 68.2 ± 13.2 mm Hg); however, it was significant in the non-smoking group (systolic blood pressure: 124.2 ± 11.3 to 108.8 ± 13.4 mm Hg, P < .001; diastolic blood pressure: 73.6 ± 4.9 to 62.1 ± 7.6 mm Hg, P < .001). Repeated WT (at least 5 sessions) decreased blood pressure in patients with hypertension, especially in non-smokers. WT is a simple method to reduce blood pressure in non-smoking patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masatoshi Akino
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sapporo Ryokuai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Shepley BR, Ainslie PN, Hoiland RL, Donnelly J, Sekhon MS, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Bain AR. Negligible influence of moderate to severe hyperthermia on blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal parenchymal integrity in healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:792-800. [PMID: 33444119 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00645.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With growing use for hyperthermia as a cardiovascular therapeutic, there is surprisingly little information regarding the acute effects it may have on the integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Indeed, relying on animal data would suggest hyperthermia comparable to levels attained in thermal therapy will disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and damage the cerebral parenchymal cells. We sought to address the hypothesis that controlled passive hyperthermia is not sufficient to damage the NVU in healthy humans. Young men (n = 11) underwent acute passive heating until +2°C or absolute esophageal temperature of 39.5°C. The presence of BBB opening was determined by trans-cerebral exchange kinetics (radial-arterial and jugular venous cannulation) of S100B. Neuronal parenchymal damage was determined by the trans-cerebral exchange of tau protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and neurofilament-light protein (NF-L). Cerebral blood flow to calculate exchange kinetics was measured by duplex ultrasound of the right internal carotid and left vertebral artery. Passive heating was performed via a warm-water perfused suit. In hyperthermia, there was no increase in the cerebral exchange of S100B (P = 0.327), tau protein (P = 0.626), NF-L (P = 0.447), or NSE (P = 0.908) suggesting the +2°C core temperature is not sufficient to acutely stress the NVU in healthy men. However, there was a significant condition effect (P = 0.028) of NSE, corresponding to a significant increase in arterial (P = 0.023) but not venous (P = 0.173) concentrations in hyperthermia, potentially indicating extra-cerebral release of NSE. Collectively, results from the present study support the notion that in young men there is little concern for NVU damage with acute hyperthermia of +2 °C.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The acute effects of passive whole-body hyperthermia on the integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in humans have remained unclear. We demonstrate that passive heating for ∼1 h until an increase of +2°C esophageal temperature in healthy men does not increase the cerebral release of neuronal parenchymal stress biomarkers, suggesting the NVU integrity is maintained. This preliminary study indicates passive heating is safe for the brain, at least in young healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke R Shepley
- University of Windsor, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Department of Kinesiology, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Donnelly
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mypinder S Sekhon
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anthony R Bain
- University of Windsor, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Department of Kinesiology, Windsor, ON, Canada
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5
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Choi HS, Kwon H, Cho KH, Thuc LC, Park SY, Kim NH, Kim WJ, Kim YK, Jeon WS, Lee JA, Kim HC, Cho EH. Repeated Dry Sauna Therapy Improves Quality of Life in Obese Korean People. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 41:312-317. [PMID: 32434303 PMCID: PMC7509121 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dry sauna treatments improve the quality of life for chronic pain, congestive heart failure, and type 2 diabetes patients. This study aimed to determine whether dry sauna therapy improved the quality of life of obese people. Methods A total of 38 consecutive participants aged over 20 years with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 were recruited for the study. The participants were treated with a 90°C dry sauna for 15 minutes, twice daily for 4 consecutive days. To assess the quality of life, all participants completed the 5 level EQ-5D questionnaires and the EQ-Visual Analog Scale. Study parameters were measured on the same day prior to commencing the sauna sessions in a fasted state and 2 days after the last sauna session. Results The average age was 62.3±9.5 years; 84.2% of the participants were female. The mean body mass index was 28.5±2.4 kg/m2. Dry sauna significantly improved the mean 5 level EQ-5D index scores from 0.83±0.12 to 0.89±0.11 and increased the mean EQ-Visual Analog Scale from 79.0±15.2 to 91.1±9.7. However, there were no significant changes in body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, or body composition before and after the 8-session sauna therapy. Conclusion Dry sauna improved the health-related quality of life of obese patients without adverse events. Further clinical studies in larger study populations are needed to verify these findings and provide concrete evidence for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyuki Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Keun-Hyok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Le Cong Thuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Nam-Hun Kim
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Wae-Jung Kim
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yun-Ki Kim
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Woo-Seok Jeon
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ju-Ah Lee
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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6
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Ye WN, Thipse M, Mahdi MB, Azad S, Davies R, Ruel M, Silver MA, Hakami L, Mesana T, Leenen F, Mussivand T. Can heat therapy help patients with heart failure? Artif Organs 2020; 44:680-692. [PMID: 32017138 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To review and analyze the clinical outcomes of thermal therapy (≤1.4°C increase in core body temperature) in patients with heart failure (HF). A systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the effects of thermal therapy on HF was done by searching PubMed, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and internal databases up to date (2019). Improvement in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class: Ten studies with 310 patients showed significant improvement in NYHA class. Only 7 among 40 patients remained in Class IV and 99 patients in Class III from 155 patients. Increased patients in lower classes indicate that more patients showed improvement. Sixteen studies on 506 patients showed an overall improvement of 4.4% of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Four studies reported improved endothelial dysfunction by 1.7% increase in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) on 130 patients. Reduction in blood pressure: Thermal therapy reduced both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure by 3.1% and 5.31%, respectively, in 431 patients of 15 studies. Decrease in cardiothoracic ratio (CTR): Eight studies reported an average of 5.55% reduction of CTR in a total of 347 patients. Improvement in oxidative stress markers: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels significantly decreased (mean difference of 14.8 pg/dL) in 303 patients of 9 studies. Improvement of quality of life: Among 65 patients, thermal therapy reduced cardiac death and rehospitalization by 31.3%. A slight increase in core body temperature is a promising, noninvasive, effective, and complementary therapy for patients with HF. Further clinical studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie N Ye
- Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Madhura Thipse
- Cardiovascular Devices Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maleka Ben Mahdi
- Cardiovascular Devices Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sharlin Azad
- Cardiovascular Devices Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ross Davies
- Cardiovascular Devices Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- Cardiovascular Devices Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc A Silver
- Heart Failure Institute, Advocate Christ Medical Centre, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Lale Hakami
- Medical Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thierry Mesana
- Cardiovascular Devices Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frans Leenen
- Cardiovascular Devices Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tofy Mussivand
- Cardiovascular Devices Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Kominami K, Noda K, Takahashi N, Izumi T, Yonezawa K. Cardiovascular reactions for whole-body thermal therapy with a hot pack and Waon therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:184-191. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1723719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kominami
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Sapporo Ryokuai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Noda
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Naoaki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Tadashi Izumi
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
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8
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Tsutsui H, Isobe M, Ito H, Ito H, Okumura K, Ono M, Kitakaze M, Kinugawa K, Kihara Y, Goto Y, Komuro I, Saiki Y, Saito Y, Sakata Y, Sato N, Sawa Y, Shiose A, Shimizu W, Shimokawa H, Seino Y, Node K, Higo T, Hirayama A, Makaya M, Masuyama T, Murohara T, Momomura SI, Yano M, Yamazaki K, Yamamoto K, Yoshikawa T, Yoshimura M, Akiyama M, Anzai T, Ishihara S, Inomata T, Imamura T, Iwasaki YK, Ohtani T, Onishi K, Kasai T, Kato M, Kawai M, Kinugasa Y, Kinugawa S, Kuratani T, Kobayashi S, Sakata Y, Tanaka A, Toda K, Noda T, Nochioka K, Hatano M, Hidaka T, Fujino T, Makita S, Yamaguchi O, Ikeda U, Kimura T, Kohsaka S, Kosuge M, Yamagishi M, Yamashina A. JCS 2017/JHFS 2017 Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure ― Digest Version ―. Circ J 2019; 83:2084-2184. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Biophysiological Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | | | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshikatsu Saiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Shiose
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Taiki Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Tohru Masuyama
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | | | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Masatoshi Akiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shiro Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital
| | - Takayuki Inomata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital
| | | | - Yu-ki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Tomohito Ohtani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mahoto Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toru Kuratani
- Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masaru Hatano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | | | - Takeo Fujino
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Failure, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Shigeru Makita
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akira Yamashina
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University
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9
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Brunt VE, Weidenfeld-Needham KM, Comrada LN, Francisco MA, Eymann TM, Minson CT. Serum from young, sedentary adults who underwent passive heat therapy improves endothelial cell angiogenesis via improved nitric oxide bioavailability. Temperature (Austin) 2019; 6:169-178. [PMID: 31286027 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1614851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Passive heat therapy improves vascular endothelial function, likely via enhanced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, although the mechanistic stimuli driving these changes are unknown. Objective: To determine the isolated effects of circulating (serum) factors on endothelial cell function, particularly angiogenesis, and NO bioavailability. Methods and Results: Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to serum collected from 20 healthy young (22 ± 1 years) adults before (0 wk), after one session of water immersion (Acute HT), and after 8 wk of either heat therapy (N = 10; 36 sessions of hot water immersion; session 1 peak rectal temperature: 39.0 ± 0.03°C) or sham (N = 10; 36 sessions of thermoneutral water immersion). Serum collected following acute heat exposure and heat therapy improved endothelial cell angiogenesis (Matrigel bioassay total tubule length per frame, 0 wk: 69.3 ± 1.9 mm vs. Acute HT: 72.8 ± 1.4 mm, p = 0.04; vs. 8 wk: 73.0 ± 1.4 mm, p = 0.03), with no effects of sham serum. Enhanced angiogenesis was NO-mediated, as addition of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NNA to the culture media abolished differences in tubule formation across conditions (0 wk: 71.3 ± 1.8 mm, Acute HT: 71.6 ± 1.9 mm, 8 wk: 70.5 ± 1.6 mm, p = 0.69). In separate experiments, we found that abundance of endothelial NOS (eNOS) was unaffected by Acute HT serum (p = 0.71), but increased by 8 wk heat therapy serum (1.4 ± 0.1-fold from 0 wk, p < 0.01). Furthermore, increases in eNOS were related to improvements in endothelial tubule formation (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Passive heat therapy beneficially alters circulating factors that promote NO-mediated angiogenesis in endothelial cells and increase eNOS abundance. These changes may contribute to improvements in vascular function with heat therapy observed in vivo. Abbreviations: Ang-1: angiopoietin-1; ANOVA: analysis of variance; bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor; CV: cardiovascular; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; HSPs: heat shock proteins; HT: heat therapy; HUVECs: human umbilical endothelial cells; L-NNA: Nω-nitro-L-arginine; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RM: repeated measures; sFlt-1: soluble VEGF receptor; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TGF-β: transforming growth factor- β; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Lindan N Comrada
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Taylor M Eymann
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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10
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Abstract
In addition to its role as an environmental stressor, scientists have recently demonstrated the potential for heat to be a therapy for improving or mitigating declines in arterial health. Many studies at both ends of the scientific controls spectrum (tightly controlled, experimental vs. practical) have demonstrated the beneficial effects of heating on microvascular function (e.g., reactive hyperemia, cutaneous vascular conductance); endothelial function (e.g., flow-mediated dilation); and arterial stiffness (e.g., pulse-wave velocity, compliance, β-stiffness index). It is important to note that findings of beneficial effects are not unanimous, likely owing to the varied methodology in both heating protocols and assessments of outcome measures. Mechanisms of action for the effects of both acute and chronic heating are also understudied. Heat science is a very promising area of human physiology research, as it has the potential to contribute to approaches addressing the global cardiovascular disease burden, particularly in aging and at risk populations, and those for whom exercise is not feasible or recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem L Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
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11
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Källström M, Soveri I, Oldgren J, Laukkanen J, Ichiki T, Tei C, Timmerman M, Berglund L, Hägglund H. Effects of sauna bath on heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:1491-1501. [PMID: 30239008 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sauna bath has potential as a lifestyle treatment modality for heart failure (HF). It is important to analyze the current evidence to help suggest paths of future study and potential for clinical application. HYPOTHESIS Sauna bath has a positive effect on HF patients. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases were searched to identify randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies to compare effects of sauna bath with no sauna bath. Studies were searched for both infrared sauna bath and Finnish sauna bath. The strength of evidence was rated using a modified GRADE approach. Out of 1444 studies, nine met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Seven of these nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Only studies with infrared sauna bath met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, exposure to an infrared sauna bath in 60°C for 15 minutes, followed by a 30-minute rest in warm environment, five times a week for 2 to 4 weeks, was associated with a significant reduction in B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiothoracic ratio, and an improvement in left-ventricular ejection fraction. There was no significant effect on left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure. The strength of evidence varied from moderate to insufficient. CONCLUSION Infrared sauna bath was associated with short-term improvement in cardiac function. More evidence is needed about long-term effects of sauna bath and the effects of a Finnish sauna on cardiovascular health among patients with HF or other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miikka Källström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inga Soveri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Oldgren
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center and Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jari Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Central Finland Health Care District, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomoko Ichiki
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Cardiology, International University of Health and Welfare, Rochester, Minnesota.,Cardiology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Chuwa Tei
- Waon Therapy Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mark Timmerman
- Department of Family Medicine, River Valley Clinic, Spring Green, Wisconsin
| | - Lars Berglund
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Hägglund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Ogoh S, Washio T, Suzuki K, Ikeda K, Hori T, Olesen ND, Muraoka Y. Effect of leg immersion in mild warm carbonated water on skin and muscle blood flow. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13859. [PMID: 30221833 PMCID: PMC6139710 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leg immersion in carbonated water improves endothelial-mediated vasodilator function and decreases arterial stiffness but the mechanism underlying this effect remains poorly defined. We hypothesized that carbonated water immersion increases muscle blood flow. To test this hypothesis, 10 men (age 21 ± 0 years; mean ± SD) underwent lower leg immersion in tap or carbonated water at 38°C. We evaluated gastrocnemius muscle oxyhemoglobin concentration and tissue oxygenation index using near-infrared spectroscopy, skin blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry, and popliteal artery (PA) blood flow by duplex ultrasound. Immersion in carbonated, but not tap water elevated PA (from 38 ± 14 to 83 ± 31 mL/min; P < 0.001) and skin blood flow (by 779 ± 312%, P < 0.001). In contrast, lower leg immersion elevated oxyhemoglobin concentration and tissue oxygenation index with no effect of carbonation (P = 0.529 and P = 0.495). In addition, the change in PA blood flow in response to immersion in carbonated water correlated with those of skin blood flow (P = 0.005) but not oxyhemoglobin concentration (P = 0.765) and tissue oxygenation index (P = 0.136) while no relations was found for tap water immersion. These findings indicate that water carbonation has minimal effect on muscle blood flow. Furthermore, PA blood flow increases in response to lower leg immersion in carbonated water likely due to a large increase in skin blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToyo UniversityKawagoe‐ShiSaitamaJapan
| | - Takuro Washio
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToyo UniversityKawagoe‐ShiSaitamaJapan
| | - Kazuya Suzuki
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToyo UniversityKawagoe‐ShiSaitamaJapan
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Institute of Personal Health Care Products ResearchKao co ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Takaaki Hori
- Institute of Personal Health Care Products ResearchKao co ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Niels D. Olesen
- Department of AnesthesiaRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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13
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Strandberg TE, Strandberg A, Pitkälä K, Benetos A. Sauna bathing, health, and quality of life among octogenarian men: the Helsinki Businessmen Study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:1053-1057. [PMID: 29188579 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sauna-type bathing has increased worldwide, and it has been related to both harmful and beneficial effects. There are few studies of bathing in sauna in very old age. METHODS The series consists of 524 mostly home-living survivors of the Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS, mean age 86 years, range 80-95), who in 2015 responded to a questionnaire survey about lifestyle (including sauna bathing), prevalent diseases, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL, RAND-36). RESULTS Of the men 57.6% (n = 302) reported all-year round and 17.6% (n = 92) part-year sauna bathing. Sauna was currently used mostly once a week, but 10% bathed more than twice a week. Median time in the hot room was 15 min at 80 °C. Among 45.7% of the men, the habit had decreased with ageing, and 130 (24.8%) did not attend sauna. However, 92.2% of the latter had discontinued an earlier habit, respective proportions 20.7% and 75.0% among all-year and part-year users. Overall, reasons for decreased sauna bathing were nonspecific or related to mobility problems or diverse health reasons (n = 63). The most frequent motivations for sauna were relaxation and hygienic reasons. Of the RAND-36 domains physical function, vitality, social functioning, and general health were significantly better among sauna users than non-users. These differences partly remained after adjusting for prevalent diseases and mobility-disability. CONCLUSIONS Regular sauna bathing was common among octogenarian men and was associated with better HRQoL. However, reverse causality must be taken into account in this cross-sectional study. The bathing habit seemed to be prudent and had decreased in almost half of the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo E Strandberg
- University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO Box 340, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Arto Strandberg
- University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO Box 340, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisu Pitkälä
- University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO Box 340, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Athanase Benetos
- University Hospital of Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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14
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Heinonen I, Laukkanen JA. Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to Finnish sauna bathing. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R629-R638. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00115.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stress such as extremely warm or cold temperature is often considered a challenge to human health and body homeostasis. However, the human body can adapt relatively well to heat and cold environments, and recent studies have also elucidated that particularly heat stress might be even highly beneficial for human health. Consequently, the aim of the present brief review is first to discuss general cardiovascular and other responses to acute heat stress, followed by a review of beneficial effects of Finnish sauna bathing on general and cardiovascular health and mortality as well as dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk. Plausible mechanisms included are improved endothelial and microvascular function, reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and possibly increased angiogenesis in humans, which are likely to mediate the health benefits of sauna bathing. In addition to heat exposure with physiological adaptations, cold stress-induced physiological responses and brown fat activation on health are also discussed. This is important to take into consideration, as sauna bathing is frequently associated with cooling periods in cold(er) environments, but their combination remains poorly investigated. We finally propose, therefore, that possible additive effects of heat- and cold-stress-induced adaptations and effects on health would be worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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15
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Clinical Effects of Regular Dry Sauna Bathing: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1857413. [PMID: 29849692 PMCID: PMC5941775 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1857413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Many health benefits are claimed by individuals and facilities promoting sauna bathing; however the medical evidence to support these claims is not well established. This paper aims to systematically review recent research on the effects of repeated dry sauna interventions on human health. Methods A systematic search was made of medical databases for studies reporting on the health effects of regular dry sauna bathing on humans from 2000 onwards. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Results Forty clinical studies involving a total of 3855 participants met the inclusion criteria. Only 13 studies were randomized controlled trials and most studies were small (n < 40). Reported outcome measures were heterogeneous with most studies reporting beneficial health effects. Only one small study (n = 10) reported an adverse health outcome of disrupted male spermatogenesis, demonstrated to be reversible when ceasing sauna activity. Conclusions Regular dry sauna bathing has potential health benefits. More data of higher quality is needed on the frequency and extent of adverse side effects. Further study is also needed to determine the optimal frequency and duration of distinct types of sauna bathing for targeted health effects and the specific clinical populations who are most likely to benefit.
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16
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Ogoh S, Nagaoka R, Mizuno T, Kimura S, Shidahara Y, Ishii T, Kudoh M, Iwamoto E. Acute vascular effects of carbonated warm water lower leg immersion in healthy young adults. Physiol Rep 2018; 4:4/23/e13046. [PMID: 27923974 PMCID: PMC5357824 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity; however, this dysfunction may be ameliorated by several therapies. For example, it has been reported that heat‐induced increases in blood flow and shear stress enhance endothelium‐mediated vasodilator function. Under these backgrounds, we expect that carbon dioxide (CO2)‐rich water‐induced increase in skin blood flow improves endothelium‐mediated vasodilation with less heat stress. To test our hypothesis, we measured flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) before and after acute immersion of the lower legs and feet in mild warm (38°C) normal or CO2‐rich tap water (1000 ppm) for 20 min in 12 subjects. Acute immersion of the lower legs and feet in mild warm CO2‐rich water increased FMD (P < 0.01) despite the lack of change in this parameter upon mild warm normal water immersion. In addition, FMD was positively correlated with change in skin blood flow regardless of conditions (P < 0.01), indicating that an increase in skin blood flow improves endothelial‐mediated vasodilator function. Importantly, the temperature of normal tap water must reach approximately 43°C to achieve the same skin blood flow level as that obtained during mild warm CO2‐rich water immersion (38°C). These findings suggest that CO2‐rich water‐induced large increases in skin blood flow may improve endothelial‐mediated vasodilator function while causing less heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe-Shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nagaoka
- School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takamasa Mizuno
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shohei Kimura
- Institute of Personal Health Care Kao co ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomomi Ishii
- Institute of Personal Health Care Kao co ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Erika Iwamoto
- School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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17
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The thermogenic actions of natriuretic peptide in brown adipocytes: The direct measurement of the intracellular temperature using a fluorescent thermoprobe. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12978. [PMID: 29021616 PMCID: PMC5636787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the various effects of natriuretic peptides (NPs) on cardiovascular systems, increasing attention is being paid to the possibility that NPs induce adipose tissue browning and activate thermogenic program. We herein established a direct intracellular temperature measurement system using a fluorescent thermoprobe and investigated the thermogenic effects of A-type NP (ANP) on brown adipocytes. The thermoprobe was successfully introduced into rat brown adipocytes, and the temperature dependent change in fluorescence intensity ratio was measured using a fluorescence microscope. After one-hour incubation with ANP, the degree of the change in fluorescence intensity ratio was significantly higher in ANP-treated (P < 0.01) adipocytes compared to untreated controls. The ANP treatment increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) mRNA levels, which is one of the markers of thermogenesis in adipocytes, while the intracellular ATP content was not changed, indicating mitochondrial uncoupled respiration. Intriguingly, these thermogenic actions of ANP were more prominent when brown adipocytes were incubated at 35 °C than at 37 °C. Moreover, the increase in the intracellular temperature and the expression of UCP1 induced by ANP were cancelled by p38MAPK inhibition. Taken together, this study directly demonstrated the thermogenic actions of ANP in brown adipocytes through the use of a novel method of intracellular temperature measurement.
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18
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Rosenberg HL, Brunt VE, Rossman MJ. Diastolic dysfunction and older adults: heating up the conversation. J Physiol 2017; 595:5011-5012. [PMID: 28590085 DOI: 10.1113/jp274695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Rosenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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19
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Balmain BN, Sabapathy S, Jay O, Adsett J, Stewart GM, Jayasinghe R, Morris NR. Heart Failure and Thermoregulatory Control: Can Patients With Heart Failure Handle the Heat? J Card Fail 2017; 23:621-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Laukkanen T, Kunutsor S, Kauhanen J, Laukkanen JA. Sauna bathing is inversely associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged Finnish men. Age Ageing 2017; 46:245-249. [PMID: 27932366 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background there are no previous studies linking repeated heat exposure of sauna and the risk of memory diseases. We aimed to investigate whether frequency of sauna bathing is associated with risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Setting prospective population-based study. Methods the frequency of sauna bathing was assessed at baseline in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease population-based prospective cohort study of 2,315 apparently healthy men aged 42-60 years at baseline, with baseline examinations conducted between 1984 and 1989. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia and Alzheimer's disease were ascertained using Cox-regression modelling with adjustment for potential confounders. Results during a median follow-up of 20.7 (interquartile range 18.1-22.6) years, a total of 204 and 123 diagnosed cases of dementia and Alzheimer's disease were respectively recorded. In analysis adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, Type 2 diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, resting heart rate and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with men with only 1 sauna bathing session per week, the HR for dementia was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.57-1.06) for 2-3 sauna bathing sessions per week and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.16-0.71) for 4-7 sauna bathing sessions per week. The corresponding HRs for Alzheimer's disease were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.53-1.20) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.14-0.90). Conclusion in this male population, moderate to high frequency of sauna bathing was associated with lowered risks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are warranted to establish the potential mechanisms linking sauna bathing and memory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjaniina Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Setor Kunutsor
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Antero Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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McGinn R, Poirier MP, Kenny GP. Using heat as a therapeutic tool for the aging vascular tree. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H806-H807. [PMID: 28159811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00827.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McGinn
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin P Poirier
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
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Fukushima A, Kinugawa S. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Natriuretic Peptides as Possible Targets of Waon Therapy in Heart Failure. Circ J 2017; 81:635-636. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arata Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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23
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Brunt VE, Jeckell AT, Ely BR, Howard MJ, Thijssen DHJ, Minson CT. Acute hot water immersion is protective against impaired vascular function following forearm ischemia-reperfusion in young healthy humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1060-R1067. [PMID: 27707723 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00301.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a primary cause of poor outcomes following ischemic cardiovascular events. We tested whether acute hot water immersion protects against forearm vascular I/R. Ten (5 male, 5 female) young (23 ± 2 yr), healthy subjects participated in two trials in random order 7-21 days apart, involving: 1) 60 min of seated rest (control), or 2) 60 min of immersion in 40.5°C water (peak rectal temperature: 38.9 ± 0.2°C). I/R was achieved 70 min following each intervention by inflating an upper arm cuff to 250 mmHg for 20 min followed by 20 min of reperfusion. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and forearm postocclusive reactive hyperemia (RH) were measured as markers of macrovascular and microvascular function at three time points: 1) preintervention, 2) 60 min postintervention, and 3) post-I/R. Neither time control nor hot water immersion alone affected FMD (both, P > 0.99). I/R reduced FMD from 7.4 ± 0.7 to 5.4 ± 0.6% (P = 0.03), and this reduction was prevented following hot water immersion (7.0 ± 0.7 to 7.7 ± 1.0%; P > 0.99). I/R also impaired RH (peak vascular conductance: 2.6 ± 0.5 to 2.0 ± 0.4 ml·min-1·mmHg-1, P = 0.003), resulting in a reduced shear stimulus (SRAUC·10-3: 22.5 ± 2.4 to 16.9 ± 2.4, P = 0.04). The post-I/R reduction in peak RH was prevented by hot water immersion (2.5 ± 0.4 to 2.3 ± 0.4 ml·min-1·mmHg-1; P = 0.33). We observed a decline in brachial artery dilator function post-I/R, which may be (partly) related to damage incurred downstream in the microvasculature, as indicated by impaired RH and shear stimulus. Hot water immersion was protective against reductions in FMD and RH post-I/R, suggesting heat stress induces vascular changes consistent with reducing I/R injury following ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Andrew T Jeckell
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Brett R Ely
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Matthew J Howard
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Tei C, Imamura T, Kinugawa K, Inoue T, Masuyama T, Inoue H, Noike H, Muramatsu T, Takeishi Y, Saku K, Harada K, Daida H, Kobayashi Y, Hagiwara N, Nagayama M, Momomura S, Yonezawa K, Ito H, Gojo S, Akaishi M, Miyata M, Ohishi M. Waon Therapy for Managing Chronic Heart Failure - Results From a Multicenter Prospective Randomized WAON-CHF Study. Circ J 2016; 80:827-34. [PMID: 27001189 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waon therapy improves heart failure (HF) symptoms, but further evidence in patients with advanced HF remains uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS In 19 institutes, we prospectively enrolled hospitalized patients with advanced HF, who had plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) >500 pg/ml on admission and BNP >300 pg/ml regardless of more than 1 week of medical therapy. Enrolled patients were randomized into Waon therapy or control groups. Waon therapy was performed once daily for 10 days with a far infrared-ray dry sauna maintained at 60℃ for 15 min, followed by bed rest for 30 min covered with a blanket. The primary endpoint was the ratio of BNP before and after treatment. In total, 76 Waon therapy and 73 control patients (mean age 66 years, men 61%, mean plasma BNP 777 pg/ml) were studied. The groups differed only in body mass index and the frequency of diabetes. The plasma BNP, NYHA classification, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and cardiothoracic ratio significantly improved only in the Waon therapy group. Improvements in NYHA classification, 6MWD, and cardiothoracic ratio were significant in the Waon therapy group, although the change in plasma BNP did not reach statistical significance. No serious adverse events were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS Waon therapy, a holistic soothing warmth therapy, showed clinical advantages in safety and efficacy among patients with advanced HF.
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25
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Ryotokuji K, Nakajima T, Ishimaru K, Ozaki-Shimada A, Kihara K, Namiki Y, Otani S. Effect of Stress-Free Therapy on immune system: Induction of Interleukin 10 expression in lymphocytes through activation of CD19(+) CD24(hi) CD38(hi) regulatory B Cells. Laser Ther 2015; 24:179-88. [PMID: 26557732 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.15-or-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mild thermal treatment with "Pinpoint Plantar Long-wavelength Infrared Light Irradiation (PP-LILI)" named as Stress-Free Therapy(®) increases peripheral-deep body temperature and blood flow, and improves multiple disorders including hyperpiesia, type II diabetes and cardiovascular patients. Immunomodulatory effects of PP-LILI were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven healthy individuals and 4 people with underlying medical condition (UMC) participated in this study. Participants were given PP-LILI stimuli twice a week over 3 weeks and followed with placebo stimuli over 3 weeks. This set of sessions was repeated 3 times. For analyses, fresh peripheral mononuclear cells from participants were stained with fluorescencedye conjugated monoclonal antibodies and changes in populational compositions and IL-10 expression levels were observed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Distinct expression of IL-10 in lymphocytes was induced by PP-LILI from the second session in the healthy individuals. This induction was terminated during the following placebo sessions. PP-LILI induced activation of CD19(+) CD24(hi) CD38(hi) regulatory B cells in every session prior to induce the IL-10 in major lymphocytes. Activated regulatory B cells in the individuals with UMC decreased as same levels of healthy individuals after second PP-LILI session and re-activated with the stimuli. Significant population changes in neither regulatory T cells nor proinflammatory IL-17A expressing CD4(+) T cells were observed. CONCLUSIONS PP-LILI is a potent immunomodulatory inducer that activates regulatory B cells and consequent IL-10 expression in lymphocytes. Moreover, its stimulatory intervals down-regulate the higher activation of regulatory B cells and lymphocyte's IL-10 expression occurred by UMC to the healthy people's level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Satoru Otani
- Stress-Free Therapy Research Center, Ryotokuji University
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Brenke R. Das Potenzial der Sauna im Rahmen der Prävention - eine Übersicht neuerer Erkenntnisse. Complement Med Res 2015; 22:320-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000441402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Radtke T, Poerschke D, Wilhelm M, Trachsel LD, Tschanz H, Matter F, Jauslin D, Saner H, Schmid JP. Acute effects of Finnish sauna and cold-water immersion on haemodynamic variables and autonomic nervous system activity in patients with heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 23:593-601. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487315594506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Radtke
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Poerschke
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas D Trachsel
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniel Jauslin
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Saner
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Schmid
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
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Haseba S, Sakakima H, Kubozono T, Nakao S, Ikeda S. Combined effects of repeated sauna therapy and exercise training on cardiac function and physical activity in patients with chronic heart failure. Disabil Rehabil 2015; 38:409-15. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1044032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sobajima M, Nozawa T, Fukui Y, Ihori H, Ohori T, Fujii N, Inoue H. Waon Therapy Improves Quality of Life as Well as Cardiac Function and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2015; 56:203-8. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Sobajima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Yasutaka Fukui
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Hiroyuki Ihori
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Takashi Ohori
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Nozomu Fujii
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
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Lima MV, Ochiai ME, Vieira KN, Scipioni A, Cardoso JN, Munhoz RT, Morgado PC, Barretto ACP. Thermal vasodilation using a portable infrared thermal blanket in decompensated heart failure. Int Heart J 2014; 55:433-9. [PMID: 25070123 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adjunctive and non-pharmacological therapies, such as heat, for the treatment of heart failure patients have been proposed. Positive results have been obtained in clinically stable patients, but no studies of the use of thermal therapy in patients with decompensated heart failure (DHF) have been reported. An open randomized clinical trial was designed in patients with DHF and controls. We studied 38 patients with a mean age of 56.9 years. A total of 86.8% were men, and 71% had nonischemic myocardiopathy. All participants were using dobutamine, and the median brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was 1396 pg/mL. An infrared thermal blanket heated the patients, who were divided into 2 groups: group T (thermal therapy) and group C (control). Group T underwent vasodilation using the thermal blanket at 50°C for 40 minutes in addition to drug treatment. The cardiac index increased by 24.1% (P = 0.009), and systemic vascular resistance decreased by 16.0% in group T (P < 0.024) after thermal therapy. Heat as a vasodilator increased the cardiac index and lowered systemic vascular resistance in DHF patients. These data suggest thermal therapy as a therapeutic approach for the adjuvant treatment of DHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Villaça Lima
- Heart Institute (Instituto do Coração - InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
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Uchiyama-Tanaka Y. Effect of thermal therapy using hot water bottles on brain natriuretic peptide in chronic hemodialysis patients. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.52034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Uchiyama-Tanaka Y. Effect of thermal therapy using hot water bottles on brain natriuretic Peptide in chronic hemodialysis patients. Cardiol Ther 2012; 1:2. [PMID: 25135156 PMCID: PMC4107443 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-012-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of repeated thermal therapy for improving the symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) has been recently demonstrated. Usually, thermal therapy requires an infrared dry sauna. However, it is difficult for small clinics to acquire such an expensive and extensive system. The present study assessed the efficacy of its substitution with hot water bottles. Moreover, there are no prior studies demonstrating the efficacy of thermal therapy in hemodialysis patients with CHF. METHODS Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were evaluated in 98 hemodialysis patients in a clinic. Nine patients whose BNP levels were >500 pg/mL agreed to be enrolled in the study and received thermal therapy using hot water bottles. RESULTS Plasma BNP levels, a potential marker for CHF, tended to decrease (891 ± 448 to 680 ± 339 pg/mL), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.0845). The oral temperature changed from 36.44 ± 0.45°C to 37.04 ± 0.48°C (+0.597°C, P < 0.0001). No side effects were experienced during the therapy. Moreover, most patients had an improvement in their symptoms and the ability to perform activities of daily living. CONCLUSION Thermal therapy using hot water bottles is very safe and tends to reduce plasma BNP levels in hemodialysis patients with CHF.
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Miyauchi T, Miyata M, Ikeda Y, Akasaki Y, Hamada N, Shirasawa T, Furusho Y, Tei C. Waon therapy upregulates Hsp90 and leads to angiogenesis through the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in mouse hindlimb ischemia. Circ J 2012; 76:1712-21. [PMID: 22481103 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermal therapy, namely Waon therapy, has previously been reported to regulate nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and augment ischemia-induced angiogenesis in mice and improve limb ischemia in patients with peripheral artery disease. The aim of this study was to clarify the precise mechanism by which Waon therapy augments angiogenesis in mice with hindlimb ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and Waon therapy was performed for 5 weeks. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), phosphorylated-Akt, and phosphorylated-eNOS were detected in arterial endothelial cells of ischemic hindlimbs and all were upregulated by Waon therapy compared to controls. Waon therapy also increased serum concentrations of nitrite and nitrate. Capillary density and the ischemic limb/normal side blood perfusion ratio monitored by laser Doppler perfusion imaging in the Waon therapy group were significantly increased beyond those in the control group. The effect of Waon therapy on angiogenesis through the activation of the Hsp90/Akt/eNOS pathway was attenuated by the administration of a Hsp90 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that Waon therapy upregulates Hsp90, which contributes to the activation of the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway, and induces angiogenesis in mice with hindlimb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Vatansever F, Hamblin MR. Far infrared radiation (FIR): its biological effects and medical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 4:255-266. [PMID: 23833705 DOI: 10.1515/plm-2012-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Far infrared (FIR) radiation (λ = 3-100 μm) is a subdivision of the electromagnetic spectrum that has been investigated for biological effects. The goal of this review is to cover the use of a further sub-division (3- 12 μm) of this waveband, that has been observed in both in vitro and in vivo studies, to stimulate cells and tissue, and is considered a promising treatment modality for certain medical conditions. Technological advances have provided new techniques for delivering FIR radiation to the human body. Specialty lamps and saunas, delivering pure FIR radiation (eliminating completely the near and mid infrared bands), have became safe, effective, and widely used sources to generate therapeutic effects. Fibers impregnated with FIR emitting ceramic nanoparticles and woven into fabrics, are being used as garments and wraps to generate FIR radiation, and attain health benefits from its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Vatansever
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Effect of repeated sauna treatment on exercise tolerance and endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2012; 109:100-4. [PMID: 21944673 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Repeated sauna treatment, known as Waon therapy, has been shown to improve cardiac function as well as exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms of this therapy regarding these improvements remain to be elucidated. Forty-one patients with chronic heart failure (mean age 68.3 ± 13.5 years old) underwent Waon therapy 5 times a week for 3 weeks. Before and after treatment, a number of assessments were performed in all subjects: 6-minute walk test, echocardiography, determination of neurohumoral factors and number of circulating CD34(+) cells, and a flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test of endothelial function. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was also performed in 20 patients. Waon therapy increased the left ventricular ejection fraction (from 30.4 ± 12.6% to 32.5% ± 12.8%, p = 0.023) and reduced plasma levels of norepinephrine (from 400 ± 258 to 300 ± 187 pg/ml, p = 0.015) and brain natriuretic peptide (from 550 ± 510 to 416 ± 431 pg/ml, p = 0.035). Waon therapy increased the 6-minute walk distance (from 337 ± 120 to 379 ± 126 m, p <0.001) in association with an improvement in FMD (from 3.5 ± 2.3% to 5.5% ± 2.7%, p <0.001) and an increase in the number of circulating CD34(+) cells (p = 0.025). Changes in 6-minute walk distance were correlated positively with those in the left ventricular ejection fraction and FMD and negatively with those in plasma levels of norepinephrine and brain natriuretic peptide levels. A multivariate analysis revealed that an increase in FMD was the only independent determinant of 6-minute walk distance improvement. Finally, Waon therapy significantly increased peak Vo(2), and this increase was also correlated with changes in FMD. In conclusion, repeated sauna therapy in patients with chronic heart failure improves exercise tolerance in association with improvement in endothelial function.
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Inoue S, Takemoto M, Chishaki A, Ide T, Nishizaka M, Miyazono M, Sawatari H, Sunagawa K. Leg heating using far infra-red radiation in patients with chronic heart failure acutely improves the hemodynamics, vascular endothelial function, and oxidative stress. Intern Med 2012; 51:2263-70. [PMID: 22975533 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic thermal therapy (STT) has been associated with beneficial effects in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The fact, however, that it requires a dedicated as well as spacious facility and trained personnel makes it difficult to practice in the daily care of patients with CHF. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the leg thermal therapy (LTT) has a positive impact similar to that of STT in patients with CHF. Methods and Results Twenty patients with CHF (57 ± 17 years old, left ventricular ejection fraction=30 ± 10%) received LTT (45°C) for 20 minutes. Immediately after the treatment, the core temperature had increased (+0.3 ± 0.3°C) (p<0.01). While the LTT had no significant effects on the heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, it increased the cardiac output (mixed venous oxygen saturation; +2 ± 3%) and decrease the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (-2 ± 2 mmHg). The LTT significantly improved the flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) from 4.8 ± 2.6 to 7.1 ± 3.6%, the antioxidative markers, thiol from 4.0 ± 0.7 to 4.5 ± 0.9 μmoL/g, and the marker of oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, urine 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) from 100 to 82 ± 3%, respectively (p<0.05). No patient had any adverse effects associated with LTT. Conclusion LTT acutely improved FMD, and oxidative stress in patients with CHF. Although the long-term effect of LTT remains to be investigated, its practicality which is comparable to that of STT would make it an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
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Sobajima M, Nozawa T, Shida T, Ohori T, Suzuki T, Matsuki A, Inoue H. Repeated sauna therapy attenuates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats by increasing coronary vascularity of noninfarcted myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H548-54. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00103.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Repeated sauna therapy (ST) increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and improves cardiac function in heart failure as well as peripheral blood flow in ischemic limbs. The present study investigates whether ST can increase coronary vascularity and thus attenuate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We induced MI by ligating the left coronary artery of Wistar rats. The rats were placed in a far-infrared dry sauna at 41°C for 15 min and then at 34°C for 20 min once daily for 4 wk. Cardiac hemodynamic, histopathological, and gene analyses were performed. Despite the similar sizes of MI between the ST and non-ST groups (51.4 ± 0.3 vs. 51.1 ± 0.2%), ST reduced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic (9.7 ± 0.4 vs. 10.7 ± 0.5 mm, P < 0.01) and end-systolic (8.6 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 0.6 mm, P < 0.01) dimensions and attenuated MI-induced increases in LV end-diastolic pressure. Cross-sectional areas of cardiomyocytes were smaller in ST rats and associated with a significant reduction in myocardial atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA levels. Vascular density was reduced in the noninfarcted myocardium of non-ST rats, and the density of cells positive for CD31 and for α-smooth muscle actin was decreased. These decreases were attenuated in ST rats compared with non-ST rats and associated with increases in myocardial eNOS and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA levels. In conclusion, ST attenuates cardiac remodeling after MI, at least in part, through improving coronary vascularity in the noninfarcted myocardium. Repeated ST might serve as a novel noninvasive therapy for patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Sobajima
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takuya Shida
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohori
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuki
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Kubozono T, Miyata M, Tei C. [The cutting-edge of medicine; waon therapy for cardiovascular disease]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2011; 100:1067-1075. [PMID: 21626847 DOI: 10.2169/naika.100.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
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Improvement of autonomic nervous activity by Waon therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiol 2011; 57:100-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Fujita S, Ikeda Y, Miyata M, Shinsato T, Kubozono T, Kuwahata S, Hamada N, Miyauchi T, Yamaguchi T, Torii H, Hamasaki S, Tei C. Effect of Waon therapy on oxidative stress in chronic heart failure. Circ J 2010; 75:348-56. [PMID: 21173495 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous report by our team showed that Waon therapy, using a far infrared-ray dry sauna at 60°C, improves cardiac and vascular function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect of Waon therapy on oxidative stress in CHF patients and investigate its mechanism by animal experiments. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty patients with CHF were divided into control (n=20) and Waon therapy (n=20) groups. All patients received standard optimal medications for CHF. Waon therapy group was treated with Waon therapy daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of Waon therapy, concentrations of hydroperoxide and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) decreased significantly (hydroperoxide, 422±116 to 327±88U.CARR, P<0.001; BNP, 402±221 to 225±137pg/ml, P<0.001), and the nitric oxide metabolites increased (71.2±35.4 to 92.0±40.5mmol/L, P<0.05). In contrast, none of these variables changed over the 4-week interval in the control group. Furthermore, animal experiments were performed using TO-2 cardiomyopathic hamsters. On immunohistochemistry, cardiac expression of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a marker of oxidative stress, was decreased in the 4-week Waon therapy compared to untreated hamsters. On Western blotting, cardiac expressions of heat shock protein (HSP) 27, manganese superoxide dismutase and HSP32, which reduce oxidative stress, were significantly upregulated in the 4-week Waon therapy compared to untreated hamsters. CONCLUSIONS Waon therapy decreases oxidative stress in patients and hamsters with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Shinsato T, Miyata M, Kubozono T, Ikeda Y, Fujita S, Kuwahata S, Akasaki Y, Hamasaki S, Fujiwara H, Tei C. Waon therapy mobilizes CD34+ cells and improves peripheral arterial disease. J Cardiol 2010; 56:361-6. [PMID: 20843662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that Waon therapy upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein, and augments ischemia-induced angiogenesis in mice with hindlimb ischemia, and it improves limb ischemia in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of Waon therapy for the treatment of patients with PAD, and to determine whether Waon therapy can mobilize blood-derived progenitor cells. METHODS 21 consecutive PAD patients received standard medications, and were randomly divided into control (n=10) and Waon therapy groups (n=11). The Waon therapy group received Waon therapy daily for 6 weeks. The control group continued conventional therapy for 6 weeks. Leg pain was scored using a visual analogue scale. The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and the 6-min walking distance were measured at baseline and 6 weeks after therapy. Frequency of circulating CD34+ progenitor cell numbers was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the serum nitrate and nitrite levels were also measured at baseline and 6 weeks after therapy. RESULTS The leg pain score, ABPI and the 6-min walking distance improved significantly after 6 weeks in the Waon therapy group, but not in the control group. Frequency of circulating CD34+ cells increased after 6 weeks of Waon therapy [2.0 ± 1.2 (×10(-4)) at baseline to 3.9 ± 1.9 (×10(-4)), p=0.015], while it remained unchanged in the control group [1.8 ± 1.8 (×10(-4)) at baseline to 1.2 ± 0.9 (×10(-4))]. Serum nitrate and nitrite levels increased significantly after Waon therapy (29.6 ± 17.6 to 36.0 ± 17.7 μmol/ml, p<0.05), but not in the control group (34.4 ± 9.4 to 38.3 ± 8.8 μmol/ml). CONCLUSION Waon therapy mobilized circulating endothelial progenitor cells and improved limb ischemia in patients with PAD. Waon therapy is a highly promising therapy for patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Shinsato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Cho GY, Ha JW. Waon therapy, can it be new therapeutic modality in heart failure patients? J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2010; 18:43-4. [PMID: 20706567 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2010.18.2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Yeong Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Miyata
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University
| | - Chuwa Tei
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University
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