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Liu X, Gaihre B, Li L, Rezaei A, Tilton M, Elder BD, Lu L. Bioorthogonal "Click Chemistry" Bone Cement with Bioinspired Natural Mimicking Microstructures for Bone Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1585-1597. [PMID: 36854041 PMCID: PMC10123962 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Current bone cement systems often demand free radical or metal-related initiators and/or catalysts for the crosslinking process, which may cause serious toxicity to the human body. In addition, the resultant dense scaffolds may have a prolonged degradation time and are difficult for cells to infiltrate and form new tissue. In this study, we developed a porous "click" organic-inorganic nanohybrid (PO-click-ON) cement that crosslinks via metal-free biorthogonal click chemistry and forms porous structures mimicking the native bone tissue via particulate leaching. Strain-promoted click reaction enables fast and efficient crosslinking of polymer chains with the exclusion of any toxic initiator or catalyst. The resulting PO-click-ON implants supported exceptional in vitro stem cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation with a large portion of stem cells infiltrated deep into the scaffolds. In vivo study using a rat cranial defect model demonstrated that the PO-click-ON system achieved outstanding cell adsorption, neovascularization, and bone formation. The porous click cement developed in this study serves as a promising platform with multifunctionality for bone and other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Bipin Gaihre
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Linli Li
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Asghar Rezaei
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Maryam Tilton
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Benjamin D Elder
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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Mirzaali MJ, Moosabeiki V, Rajaai SM, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials-Design Principles and Their Implementation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15155457. [PMID: 35955393 PMCID: PMC9369548 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) is an advanced manufacturing technique that has enabled progress in the design and fabrication of customised or patient-specific (meta-)biomaterials and biomedical devices (e.g., implants, prosthetics, and orthotics) with complex internal microstructures and tuneable properties. In the past few decades, several design guidelines have been proposed for creating porous lattice structures, particularly for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, the capabilities of AM to fabricate a wide range of biomaterials, including metals and their alloys, polymers, and ceramics, have been exploited, offering unprecedented benefits to medical professionals and patients alike. In this review article, we provide an overview of the design principles that have been developed and used for the AM of biomaterials as well as those dealing with three major categories of biomaterials, i.e., metals (and their alloys), polymers, and ceramics. The design strategies can be categorised as: library-based design, topology optimisation, bio-inspired design, and meta-biomaterials. Recent developments related to the biomedical applications and fabrication methods of AM aimed at enhancing the quality of final 3D-printed biomaterials and improving their physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics are also highlighted. Finally, examples of 3D-printed biomaterials with tuned properties and functionalities are presented.
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Biodegradable Poly(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-Infiltrated Bioactive Glass (CAR12N) Scaffolds Maintain Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091577. [PMID: 35563883 PMCID: PMC9100331 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of articular cartilage remains challenging. The aim of this study was to increase the stability of pure bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds by means of solvent phase polymer infiltration and to maintain cell adherence on the glass struts. Therefore, BG scaffolds either pure or enhanced with three different amounts of poly(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were characterized in detail. Scaffolds were seeded with primary porcine articular chondrocytes (pACs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a dynamic long-term culture (35 days). Light microscopy evaluations showed that PLGA was detectable in every region of the scaffold. Porosity was greater than 70%. The biomechanical stability was increased by polymer infiltration. PLGA infiltration did not result in a decrease in viability of both cell types, but increased DNA and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) contents of hMSCs-colonized scaffolds. Successful chondrogenesis of hMSC-colonized scaffolds was demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining of collagen type II, cartilage proteoglycans and the transcription factor SOX9. PLGA-infiltrated scaffolds showed a higher relative expression of cartilage related genes not only of pAC-, but also of hMSC-colonized scaffolds in comparison to the pure BG. Based on the novel data, our recommendation is BG scaffolds with single infiltrated PLGA for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Ghelich P, Kazemzadeh-Narbat M, Najafabadi AH, Samandari M, Memic A, Tamayol A. (Bio)manufactured Solutions for Treatment of Bone Defects with Emphasis on US-FDA Regulatory Science Perspective. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100073. [PMID: 35935166 PMCID: PMC9355310 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects, with second highest demand for surgeries around the globe, may lead to serious health issues and negatively influence patient lives. The advances in biomedical engineering and sciences have led to the development of several creative solutions for bone defect treatment. This review provides a brief summary of bone graft materials, an organized overview of top-down and bottom-up (bio)manufacturing approaches, plus a critical comparison between advantages and limitations of each method. We specifically discuss additive manufacturing techniques and their operation mechanisms in detail. Next, we review the hybrid methods and promising future directions for bone grafting, while giving a comprehensive US-FDA regulatory science perspective, biocompatibility concepts and assessments, and clinical considerations to translate a technology from a research laboratory to the market. The topics covered in this review could potentially fuel future research efforts in bone tissue engineering, and perhaps could also provide novel insights for other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Ghelich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030, USA
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030, USA
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Fang H, Zhu D, Yang Q, Chen Y, Zhang C, Gao J, Gao Y. Emerging zero-dimensional to four-dimensional biomaterials for bone regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 34991600 PMCID: PMC8740479 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most sophisticated and dynamic tissues in the human body, and is characterized by its remarkable potential for regeneration. In most cases, bone has the capacity to be restored to its original form with homeostatic functionality after injury without any remaining scarring. Throughout the fascinating processes of bone regeneration, a plethora of cell lineages and signaling molecules, together with the extracellular matrix, are precisely regulated at multiple length and time scales. However, conditions, such as delayed unions (or nonunion) and critical-sized bone defects, represent thorny challenges for orthopedic surgeons. During recent decades, a variety of novel biomaterials have been designed to mimic the organic and inorganic structure of the bone microenvironment, which have tremendously promoted and accelerated bone healing throughout different stages of bone regeneration. Advances in tissue engineering endowed bone scaffolds with phenomenal osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, vascularization and neurotization effects as well as alluring properties, such as antibacterial effects. According to the dimensional structure and functional mechanism, these biomaterials are categorized as zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and four-dimensional biomaterials. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the astounding advances in emerging biomaterials for bone regeneration by categorizing them as zero-dimensional to four-dimensional biomaterials, which were further elucidated by typical examples. Hopefully, this review will provide some inspiration for the future design of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Chen YW, Shie MY, Chang WC, Shen YF. Approximate Optimization Study of Light Curing Waterborne Polyurethane Materials for the Construction of 3D Printed Cytocompatible Cartilage Scaffolds. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226804. [PMID: 34832205 PMCID: PMC8626041 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage, which is a white transparent tissue with 1–2 mm thickness, is located in the interface between the two hard bones. The main functions of articular cartilage are stress transmission, absorption, and friction reduction. The cartilage cannot be repaired and regenerated once it has been damaged, and it needs to be replaced by artificial joints. Many approaches, such as artificial joint replacement, hyaluronic acid injection, microfracture surgery and cartilage tissue engineering have been applied in clinical treatment. Basically, some of these approaches are foreign material implantation for joint replacement to reach the goal of pain reduction and mechanism support. This study demonstrated another frontier in the research of cartilage reconstruction by applying regeneration medicine additive manufacturing (3D Printing) and stem cell technology. Light curing materials have been modified and tested to be printable and cytocompatible for stem cells in this research. Design of experiments (DOE) is adapted in this investigation to search for the optimal manufacturing parameter for biocompatible scaffold fabrication and stem cell attachment and growth. Based on the results, an optimal working process of biocompatible and printable scaffolds for cartilage regeneration is reported. We expect this study will facilitate the development of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chen
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (M.-Y.S.); (W.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (M.-Y.S.); (W.-C.C.)
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Chang
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (M.-Y.S.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Yu-Fang Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
- High Performance Materials Institute for xD Printing, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Kovylin RS, Aleynik DY, Fedushkin IL. Modern Porous Polymer Implants: Synthesis, Properties, and Application. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238221010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The needs of modern surgery triggered the intensive development of transplantology, medical materials science, and tissue engineering. These directions require the use of innovative materials, among which porous polymers occupy one of the leading positions. The use of natural and synthetic polymers makes it possible to adjust the structure and combination of properties of a material to its particular application. This review generalizes and systematizes the results of recent studies describing requirements imposed on the structure and properties of synthetic (or artificial) porous polymer materials and implants on their basis and the advantages and limitations of synthesis methods. The most extensively employed, promising initial materials are considered, and the possible areas of application of polymer implants based on these materials are highlighted.
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Donate R, Monzón M, Alemán-Domínguez ME. Additive manufacturing of PLA-based scaffolds intended for bone regeneration and strategies to improve their biological properties. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used materials in the biomedical sector because of its processability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Among the different techniques that are feasible to process this biomaterial, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained attention recently, as it provides the possibility of tuning the design of the structures. This flexibility in the design stage allows the customization of the parts in order to optimize their use in the tissue engineering field. In the recent years, the application of PLA for the manufacture of bone scaffolds has been especially relevant, since numerous studies have proven the potential of this biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review contains a description of the specific requirements in the regeneration of bone and how the state of the art have tried to address them with different strategies to develop PLA-based scaffolds by AM techniques and with improved biofunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Donate
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Mario Monzón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María Elena Alemán-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain
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9
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Zhou X, Zhou G, Junka R, Chang N, Anwar A, Wang H, Yu X. Fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA)-based porous scaffold through the combination of traditional bio-fabrication and 3D printing technology for bone regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111420. [PMID: 33113493 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial bone grafts possess the advantages of good biodegradability, customizable dimensions, and sufficient mechanical properties, which can promote cell proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue regeneration. 3D printing is a delicate approach that endows the scaffolds with excellent controllability and repeatability when compared with conventional bio-fabrication methods. However, the limitation of printing resolution somehow makes it difficult to prepare bone defect substitution with high porosity and hierarchical construct. In this study, we utilized polylactic acid (PLA) as printing materials and developed a smart strategy to combine 3D printing technology with bio-fabrication methods. A porous planar scaffold was printed and then rolled up into a spiral structure with adjustable pore size and porosity. The topographic features and morphology of the artificial scaffolds were examined through stereomicroscope and SEM, respectively. The porous spiral scaffold presented good mechanical properties in a set of mechanical testing. Later, the human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB) were cultured on the porous spiral scaffold and its control groups for a total of 28 days. The MTS analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were used to analyze the cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineral deposition after a certain period of time. The results indicated that compared with the other two scaffolds, the porous spiral scaffold with larger surface area and better interconnections between internal porous networks could significantly improve the spatial cell compartment and promote cell growth and differentiation. The porous spiral scaffold may see versatile applications in large-volume bone defects regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Gan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Radoslaw Junka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Ningxiao Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States; Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, New Campus, GT Road, Lahore, 39020, Pakistan
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States.
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Golafshan N, Vorndran E, Zaharievski S, Brommer H, Kadumudi FB, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Gbureck U, van Weeren R, Castilho M, Malda J. Tough magnesium phosphate-based 3D-printed implants induce bone regeneration in an equine defect model. Biomaterials 2020; 261:120302. [PMID: 32932172 PMCID: PMC7116184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the important challenges in bone tissue engineering is the development of biodegradable bone substitutes with appropriate mechanical and biological properties for the treatment of larger defects and those with complex shapes. Recently, magnesium phosphate (MgP) doped with biologically active ions like strontium (Sr2+) have shown to significantly enhance bone formation when compared with the standard calcium phosphate-based ceramics. However, such materials can hardly be shaped into large and complex geometries and more importantly lack the adequate mechanical properties for the treatment of load-bearing bone defects. In this study, we have fabricated bone implants through extrusion assisted three-dimensional (3D) printing of MgP ceramics modified with Sr2+ ions (MgPSr) and a medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer phase. MgPSr with 30 wt% PCL (MgPSr-PCL30) allowed the printability of relevant size structures (>780 mm3) at room temperature with an interconnected macroporosity of approximately 40%. The printing resulted in implants with a compressive strength of 4.3 MPa, which were able to support up to 50 cycles of loading without plastic deformation. Notably, MgPSr-PCL30 scaffolds were able to promote in vitro bone formation in medium without the supplementation with osteo-inducing components. In addition, long-term in vivo performance of the 3D printed scaffolds was investigated in an equine tuber coxae model over 6 months. The micro-CT and histological analysis showed that implantation of MgPSr-PCL30 induced bone regeneration, while no bone formation was observed in the empty defects. Overall, the novel polymer-modified MgP ceramic material and extrusion-based 3D printing process presented here greatly improved the shape ability and load-bearing properties of MgP-based ceramics with simultaneous induction of new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Golafshan
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Vorndran
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zaharievski
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Pietrzykowska E, Romelczyk-Baishya B, Wojnarowicz J, Sokolova M, Szlazak K, Swieszkowski W, Locs J, Lojkowski W. Preparation of a Ceramic Matrix Composite Made of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Polylactic Acid by Consolidation of Composite Granules. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061060. [PMID: 32486301 PMCID: PMC7352493 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Composites made of a biodegradable polymer, e.g., polylactic acid (PLA) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) are promising orthopedic materials. There is a particular need for biodegradable hybrid nanocomposites with strong mechanical properties. However, obtaining such composites is challenging, since nanoparticles tend to agglomerate, and it is difficult to achieve good bonding between the hydrophilic ceramic and the hydrophobic polymer. This paper describes a two-step technology for obtaining a ceramic matrix composite. The first step is the preparation of composite granules. The granules are obtained by infiltration of porous granules of HAP NPs with PLA through high-pressure infiltration. The homogeneous ceramic-polymer granules are 80 μm in diameter, and the composite granules are 80 wt% HAP NPs. The second step is consolidation of the granules using high pressure. This is performed in three variants: Uniaxial pressing with the pressure of up to 1000 MPa at room temperature, warm isostatic compaction (75 MPa at 155 °C), and a combination of the two methods. The combined methods result in the highest densification (99%) and strongest mechanical properties; the compressive strength is 374 MPa. The structure of the ceramic matrix composite is homogeneous. Good adhesion between the inorganic and the organic component is observable using scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pietrzykowska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (W.L.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (K.S.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-228-760-429
| | - Barbara Romelczyk-Baishya
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (K.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Jacek Wojnarowicz
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Marina Sokolova
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Karol Szlazak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (K.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (K.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (M.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Witold Lojkowski
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (W.L.)
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Pecci R, Baiguera S, Ioppolo P, Bedini R, Del Gaudio C. 3D printed scaffolds with random microarchitecture for bone tissue engineering applications: Manufacturing and characterization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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3D printing of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate scaffold with hierarchical porous structure for bone regeneration. Biodes Manuf 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-019-00056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Comparison between calcium carbonate and β‐tricalcium phosphate as additives of 3D printed scaffolds with polylactic acid matrix. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:272-283. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Biodegradable nanocomposite Fe–Ag load-bearing scaffolds for bone healing. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 98:246-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Alizadeh-Osgouei M, Li Y, Wen C. A comprehensive review of biodegradable synthetic polymer-ceramic composites and their manufacture for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2018; 4:22-36. [PMID: 30533554 PMCID: PMC6258879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of various materials in biomedical procedures has recently experienced rapid growth. One area that is currently receiving significant attention from the scientific community is the treatment of a number of different types of bone-related diseases and disorders by using biodegradable polymer-ceramic composites. Biomaterials, the most common materials used to repair or replace damaged parts of the human body, can be categorized into three major groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers. Composites can be manufactured by combining two or more materials to achieve enhanced biocompatibility and biomechanical properties for specific applications. Biomaterials must display suitable properties for their applications, about strength, durability, and biological influence. Metals and their alloys such as titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-based alloys have been widely investigated for implant-device applications because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, these materials may also manifest biological issues such as toxicity, poor tissue adhesion and stress shielding effect due to their high elastic modulus. To mitigate these issues, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been used on metals because their chemical composition is similar to that of bone and teeth. Recently, a wide range of synthetic polymers such as poly (l-lactic acid) and poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) have been studied for different biomedical applications, owing to their promising biocompatibility and biodegradability. This article gives an overview of synthetic polymer-ceramic composites with a particular emphasis on calcium phosphate group and their potential applications in tissue engineering. It is hoped that synthetic polymer-ceramic composites such as PLLA/HA and PCL/HA will provide advantages such as eliminating the stress shielding effect and the consequent need for revision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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17
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Sharipova A, Swain S, Gotman I, Starosvetsky D, Psakhie S, Unger R, Gutmanas E. Mechanical, degradation and drug-release behavior of nano-grained Fe-Ag composites for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:240-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Neto AS, Ferreira JMF. Synthetic and Marine-Derived Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1702. [PMID: 30216991 PMCID: PMC6165145 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a vascularized and connective tissue. The cortical bone is the main part responsible for the support and protection of the remaining systems and organs of the body. The trabecular spongy bone serves as the storage of ions and bone marrow. As a dynamic tissue, bone is in a constant remodelling process to adapt to the mechanical demands and to repair small lesions that may occur. Nevertheless, due to the increased incidence of bone disorders, the need for bone grafts has been growing over the past decades and the development of an ideal bone graft with optimal properties remains a clinical challenge. This review addresses the bone properties (morphology, composition, and their repair and regeneration capacity) and puts the focus on the potential strategies for developing bone repair and regeneration materials. It describes the requirements for designing a suitable scaffold material, types of materials (polymers, ceramics, and composites), and techniques to obtain the porous structures (additive manufacturing techniques like robocasting or derived from marine skeletons) for bone tissue engineering applications. Overall, the main objective of this review is to gather the knowledge on the materials and methods used for the production of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and to highlight the potential of natural porous structures such as marine skeletons as promising alternative bone graft substitute materials without any further mineralogical changes, or after partial or total transformation into calcium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Neto
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José M F Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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19
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Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Riches P, Jia L, Han F, Li B, Shu W. 3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:278-314. [PMID: 29744467 PMCID: PMC5935790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with over four million operations using bone grafts or bone substitute materials annually to treat bone defects. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for bone grafts continues to rise due to conditions such as trauma, cancer, infection and arthritis. Developing bioactive three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to support bone regeneration has therefore become a key area of focus within bone tissue engineering (BTE). A variety of materials and manufacturing methods including 3D printing have been used to create novel alternatives to traditional bone grafts. However, individual groups of materials including polymers, ceramics and hydrogels have been unable to fully replicate the properties of bone when used alone. Favourable material properties can be combined and bioactivity improved when groups of materials are used together in composite 3D scaffolds. This review will therefore consider the ideal properties of bioactive composite 3D scaffolds and examine recent use of polymers, hydrogels, metals, ceramics and bio-glasses in BTE. Scaffold fabrication methodology, mechanical performance, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and potential clinical translations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Turnbull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Luanluan Jia
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
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20
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Jakus A, Geisendorfer N, Lewis P, Shah R. 3D-printing porosity: A new approach to creating elevated porosity materials and structures. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:94-109. [PMID: 29601901 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new process that enables the ability to 3D-print high porosity materials and structures by combining the newly introduced 3D-Painting process with traditional salt-leaching. The synthesis and resulting properties of three 3D-printable inks comprised of varying volume ratios (25:75, 50:50, 70:30) of CuSO4 salt and polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), as well as their as-printed and salt-leached counterparts, are discussed. The resulting materials are comprised entirely of PLGA (F-PLGA), but exhibit porosities proportional to the original CuSO4 content. The three distinct F-PLGA materials exhibit average porosities of 66.6-94.4%, elastic moduli of 112.6-2.7 MPa, and absorbency of 195.7-742.2%. Studies with adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) demonstrated that elevated porosity substantially promotes cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. F-PLGA can also act as carriers for weak, naturally or synthetically-derived hydrogels. Finally, we show that this process can be extended to other materials including graphene, metals, and ceramics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Porosity plays an essential role in the performance and function of biomaterials, tissue engineering, and clinical medicine. For the same material chemistry, the level of porosity can dictate if it is cell, tissue, or organ friendly; with low porosity materials being far less favorable than high porosity materials. Despite its importance, it has been difficult to create three-dimensionally printed structures that are comprised of materials that have extremely high levels of internal porosity yet are surgically friendly (able to handle and utilize during surgical operations). In this work, we extend a new materials-centric approach to 3D-printing, 3D-Painting, to 3D-printing structures made almost entirely out of water-soluble salt. The structures are then washed in a specific way that not only extracts the salt but causes the structures to increase in size. With the salt removed, the resulting medical polymer structures are almost entirely porous and contain very little solid material, but the maintain their 3D-printed form and are highly compatible with adult human stem cells, are mechanically robust enough to use in surgical manipulations, and can be filled with and act as carriers for biologically active liquids and gels. We can also extend this process to three-dimensionally printing other porous materials, such as graphene, metals, and even ceramics.
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Lin JH, Lee MC, Chen CK, Huang CL, Chen YS, Wen SP, Kuo ST, Lou CW. Recovery evaluation of rats' damaged tibias: Implantation of core-shell structured bone scaffolds made using hollow braids and a freeze-thawing process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhang J, Xie Q, Wang Z, Yu S, Yuan Y, Liu C. MBG-Modified β-TCP Scaffold Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cells Adhesion and Osteogenic Differentiation via a FAK/MAPK Signaling Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30283-30296. [PMID: 28820575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The β-TCP scaffold has been widely used as a bone graft substitute, but the traditional PMMA molding method-induced undesirable mechanical strength and poor interconnectivity still have not been addressed until now. In this study, a MBG-based PU foam templating method was developed to fabricate β-TCP scaffolds with desirable microtopography. The MBG gel, as both binder and modifier, prepared by a modified sol-gel method with controlled viscosity is incorporated with β-TCP powder and thereafter is impregnated into PU foam. The resultant hybrid scaffolds exhibited interconnected macropores (200-500 μm) and distinctive micropores (0.2-1.5 μm), especially for the TCP/25MBG (with 25 wt % content MBG). As expected, the compression strength of β-TCP/MBG composite scaffolds was enhanced with increasing MBG content, and TCP/50MBG (with 50 wt % content MBG) exhibited almost 100-fold enhancement compared to the pure β-TCP. Intriguingly, the cell affinity and osteogenic capacity of rBMSCs were also dramatically improved the best on TCP/25MBG. Further investigation found that the subtle, grainy-like microtopography, not the chemical composition, of the TCP/25MBG favored the adsorption of Fn and expression of integrin α5β1 and further facilitated FA formation and the expression of p-FAK, following activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and ultimately upregulated expression of osteogenic genes. Further in vivo experiments confirmed the promoted osteogenesis of TCP/25MBG in vivo. The results suggest that such a novel MBG-based PU foam templating method offers new guidance to construct hierarchically porous scaffolds, and the prepared MBG-modified β-TCP scaffold will have great potential for future use in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qing Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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23
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Dziadek M, Stodolak-Zych E, Cholewa-Kowalska K. Biodegradable ceramic-polymer composites for biomedical applications: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:1175-1191. [PMID: 27987674 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the state-of-the-art of biodegradable ceramic-polymer composites with particular emphasis on influence of various types of ceramic fillers on properties of the composites. First, the general needs to create composite materials for medical applications are briefly introduced. Second, various types of polymeric materials used as matrices of ceramic-containing composites and their properties are reviewed. Third, silica nanocomposites and their material as well as biological characteristics are presented. Fourth, different types of glass fillers including silicate, borate and phosphate glasses and their effect on a number of properties of the composites are described. Fifth, wollastonite as a composite modifier and its effect on composite characteristics are discussed. Sixth, composites containing calcium phosphate ceramics, namely hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and biphasic calcium phosphate are presented. Finally, general possibilities for control of properties of composite materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dziadek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Stodolak-Zych
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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Rahbari A, Montazerian H, Davoodi E, Homayoonfar S. Predicting permeability of regular tissue engineering scaffolds: scaling analysis of pore architecture, scaffold length, and fluid flow rate effects. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2016; 20:231-241. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2016.1215436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Wang X, Lou T, Zhao W, Song G, Li C, Cui G. The effect of fiber size and pore size on cell proliferation and infiltration in PLLA scaffolds on bone tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2016; 30:1545-51. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216636320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The scaffold microstructure has a great impact on cell functions in tissue engineering. Herein, the PLLA scaffolds with hierarchical fiber size and pore size were successfully fabricated by thermal-induced phase separation or combined thermal-induced phase separation and salt leaching methods. The PLLA scaffolds were fabricated as microfibrous scaffolds, microfibrous scaffolds with macropores (50–350 µm), nanofibrous scaffolds with micropores (100 nm to 10 µm), and nanofibrous scaffolds with both macropores and micropores by tailoring selective solvents for forming different fiber size and pre-sieved salts for creating controlled pore size. Among the four kinds of PLLA scaffolds, the nanofibrous scaffolds with both macropores and micropores provided a favorable microenvironment for protein adsorption, cell proliferation, and cell infiltration. The results further confirmed the significance of fiber size and pore size on the biological properties, and a scaffold with both micropores and macropores, and a nanofibrous matrix might have promising applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Lou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guojun Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunyao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangpeng Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Roohani-Esfahani SI, Newman P, Zreiqat H. Design and Fabrication of 3D printed Scaffolds with a Mechanical Strength Comparable to Cortical Bone to Repair Large Bone Defects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19468. [PMID: 26782020 PMCID: PMC4726111 DOI: 10.1038/srep19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in regenerating large bone defects under load is to create scaffolds with large and interconnected pores while providing a compressive strength comparable to cortical bone (100-150 MPa). Here we design a novel hexagonal architecture for a glass-ceramic scaffold to fabricate an anisotropic, highly porous three dimensional scaffolds with a compressive strength of 110 MPa. Scaffolds with hexagonal design demonstrated a high fatigue resistance (1,000,000 cycles at 1-10 MPa compressive cyclic load), failure reliability and flexural strength (30 MPa) compared with those for conventional architecture. The obtained strength is 150 times greater than values reported for polymeric and composite scaffolds and 5 times greater than reported values for ceramic and glass scaffolds at similar porosity. These scaffolds open avenues for treatment of load bearing bone defects in orthopaedic, dental and maxillofacial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Newman
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
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Yang K, Zhang J, Ma X, Ma Y, Kan C, Ma H, Li Y, Yuan Y, Liu C. β-Tricalcium phosphate/poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds with robust mechanical property for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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