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Divakaran A, Singh VK, Nataraj SH, Kailas SV. Evaluation of Temperature-Dependent Boundary Lubrication Behavior of Stearic Acid Using a Force-Controlled Tribometer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7412-7421. [PMID: 38529936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A quick evaluation of the effectiveness of additives is important in lubricant formulation. In this study, we employed a friction-force measurement approach using a newly designed lateral force-controlled tribometer. This tribometer evaluates the lubricant properties under boundary lubrication. In this lateral force-controlled tribometer, the absence of a stiffness-altering sensor enables the modeling of the actual contact conditions without altering the contact stiffness. Indirect friction force measurement ensures precise measurements of friction properties while avoiding common measurement errors encountered in conventional tribometers, such as sensor misalignment and changes in the stiffness of the machine due to the sensor. The tribometer designed and built consists of a pendulum that measures the rate of dissipation of the oscillation amplitude as a function of time. The unique characteristics of the machine are the possibility of changing the energy input into the tribosystem without altering the tribo-contact conditions and the capability to do experiments at higher temperatures. To evaluate the capabilities of this tribometer, the impact of temperature on the frictional properties of a base oil and a blend of base oil and stearic acid (SA) (a prominent Organic Friction Modifier) is investigated. The test result shows that frictional energy dissipation decreases when stearic acid is present in the lubricant. And, as the temperature of the oil increases, the energy dissipation increases for pure base oil but reduces for the blend. The observed frictional trends are attributed to the decrease in the viscosity of the base oil with an increase in the temperature. The decrease in friction for the SA blend is attributed to tribofilm formation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirm the presence of the SA tribofilm on the surface. XPS indicates an increase in tribofilm quantity with rising temperatures. The kinetics of film formation and thickness increase with temperature, consequently reducing the friction in the SA blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Divakaran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IISc, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vikas K Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IISc, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shubha H Nataraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IISc, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Satish V Kailas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IISc, Bangalore 560012, India
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2
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Arslan ME, Kurt MŞ, Aslan N, Kadi A, Öner S, Çobanoğlu Ş, Yazici A. Structural, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of Ge-DLC nanocomposite for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1667-1674. [PMID: 35112784 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Integrative production of new nanocomposites has been used to enhance favorable features of biomaterials for unlocking ultimate potential of different molecules. In the present study, advantageous properties of diamond like carbons (DLC) and germanium (Ge) like greater biocompatibility and antibacterial attributes were aimed to combined into a thin film. For this purpose, 400 nm DLC-Ge nanocomposite was coated on the borosilicate glasses via the magnetron sputtering and surface characteristics was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and The Raman spectrum. Biocompatibility analysis were performed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) (MTT) cell viability assay and Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining genotoxicity assessments on the human fibroblast cell line (HDFa). Finally, antibacterial properties of DLC-Ge nanocomposite coatings were investigated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) bacterial attachment analysis. As a result of magnetron sputtering coating, nearly 400 nm thick DLC-Ge nanocomposite film showed a smooth, a non-porous, and a dense characteristic. Cell viability analysis showed that Ge-DLC coatings permits %95 cell surface growth of fibroblast cells. Also, there were no significant difference in aspect of nuclear abnormalities compared to the (-) control which showed nonmutagenic features of the thin film. Finally, antibacterial attachment analysis put forth that Ge-DLC coatings inhibits bacterial adhesion as %40 and %25 rates for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacterial strains, respectively. From these results, DLC-Ge nanocomposites could be proposed as a potential new biomaterial for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Şükrü Kurt
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Naim Aslan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Kadi
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sena Öner
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şeymanur Çobanoğlu
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Erzurum Technical University, High Technology Research and Application Centre (YUTAM), Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Yazici
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Erzurum Technical University, High Technology Research and Application Centre (YUTAM), Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Erzurum, Turkey
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Rufaqua R, Vrbka M, Hemzal D, Choudhury D, Rebenda D, Křupka I, Hartl M. Raman analysis of chemisorbed tribofilm for metal‐on‐polyethylene hip joint prostheses. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Risha Rufaqua
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vrbka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Hemzal
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Dipankar Choudhury
- Nano Mechanics and Tribology Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - David Rebenda
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Křupka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hartl
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic
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Rufaqua R, Vrbka M, Hemzal D, Choudhury D, Rebenda D, Křupka I, Hartl M. Analysis of Chemisorbed Tribo-Film for Ceramic-on-Ceramic Hip Joint Prostheses by Raman Spectroscopy. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020029. [PMID: 34062752 PMCID: PMC8167604 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the possible lubricant mechanism in ceramic-on-ceramic hip joint prostheses, biochemical reactions of the synovial fluid and the corresponding frictional coefficients were studied. The experiments were performed in a hip joint simulator using the ball-on-cup configuration with balls and cups made from two types of ceramics, BIOLOX®forte and BIOLOX®delta. Different lubricants, namely albumin, γ-globulin, hyaluronic acid and three model synovial fluids, were studied in the experiments and Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the biochemical responses of these lubricants at the interface. BIOLOX®delta surface was found less reactive to proteins and model fluid lubricants. In contrast, BIOLOX®forte ball surface has shown chemisorption with both proteins, hyaluronic acid and model fluids imitating total joint replacement and osteoarthritic joint. There was no direct correlation between the measured frictional coefficient and the observed chemical reactions. In summary, the study reveals chemistry of lubricant film formation on ceramic hip implant surfaces with various model synovial fluids and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Rufaqua
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (D.R.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Vrbka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (D.R.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Dušan Hemzal
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Dipankar Choudhury
- Nano Mechanics and Tribology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - David Rebenda
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (D.R.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Ivan Křupka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (D.R.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hartl
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (D.R.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
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Allen Q, Raeymaekers B. Surface Texturing of Prosthetic Hip Implant Bearing Surfaces: A Review. JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY 2021; 143:040801. [PMID: 34168396 PMCID: PMC8208482 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
More than 300,000 total hip replacement surgeries are performed in the United States each year to treat degenerative joint diseases that cause pain and disability. The statistical survivorship of these implants declines significantly after 15-25 years of use because wear debris causes inflammation, osteolysis, and mechanical instability of the implant. This limited longevity has unacceptable consequences, such as revision surgery to replace a worn implant, or surgery postponement, which leaves the patient in pain. Innovations such as highly cross-linked polyethylene and new materials and coatings for the femoral head have reduced wear significantly, but longevity remains an imminent problem. Another method to reduce wear is to add a patterned microtexture composed of micro-sized texture features to the smooth bearing surfaces. We critically review the literature on textured orthopedic biomaterial surfaces in the context of prosthetic hip implants. We discuss the different functions of texture features by highlighting experimental and simulated results documented by research groups active in this area. We also discuss and compare different manufacturing techniques to create texture features on orthopedic biomaterial surfaces and emphasize the key difficulties that must be overcome to produce textured prosthetic hip implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Allen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E. 100 S. (1550 MEK), Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Bart Raeymaekers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E. 100 S. (1550 MEK), Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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Allen Q, Raeymaekers B. Maximizing the Lubricant Film Thickness Between a Rigid Microtextured and a Smooth Deformable Surface in Relative Motion, Using a Soft Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication Model. JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY 2020; 142:071802. [PMID: 34168394 PMCID: PMC8208301 DOI: 10.1115/1.4046291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We design a pattern of microtexture features to increase hydrodynamic pressure and lubricant film thickness in a hard-on-soft bearing. We use a soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication model to evaluate the effect of microtexture design parameters and bearing operating conditions on the resulting lubricant film thickness and find that the maximum lubricant film thickness occurs with a texture density between 10% and 40% and texture aspect ratio between 1% and 14%, depending on the bearing load and operating conditions. We show that these results are similar to those of hydrodynamic textured bearing problems because the lubricant film thickness is almost independent of the stiffness of the bearing surfaces in full-film lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Allen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E. 100 S. (1550 MEK), Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Bart Raeymaekers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E. 100 S. (1550 MEK), Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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The Effect of Coating Density on Functional Properties of SiN x Coated Implants. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12203370. [PMID: 31618981 PMCID: PMC6829552 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic coatings may be applied onto metallic components of joint replacements for improved wear and corrosion resistance as well as enhanced biocompatibility, especially for metal-sensitive patients. Silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings have recently been developed for this purpose. To achieve a high coating density, necessary to secure a long-term performance, is however challenging, especially for sputter deposited SiNx coatings, since these coatings are insulating. This study investigates the time-dependent performance of sputter-deposited SiNx based coatings for joint applications. SiNx coatings with a thickness in the range of 4.3–6.0 µm were deposited by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering onto flat discs as well as hip heads made of CoCrMo. SiNx compositional analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed N/Si ratios between 0.8 and 1.0. Immersion of the flat disks in fetal bovine serum solution over time as well as short-term wear tests against ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) discs showed that a high coating density is required to inhibit tribocorrosion. Coatings that performed best in terms of chemical stability were deposited using a higher target power and process heating.
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Döring J, Crackau M, Nestler C, Welzel F, Bertrand J, Lohmann CH. Characteristics of different cathodic arc deposition coatings on CoCrMo for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 97:212-221. [PMID: 31129165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Coatings of endoprostheses are used to improve the tribological performance of arthroplasties. A major challenge for the successful use of these coatings, however, is a stable layer adhesion, a smooth surface, as well as a reduction in droplet formation during the coating process. Explants with commercially available coatings were investigated to assess surface/layer defects and adhesion properties. For the investigation of new coatings, we used cathodic arc deposition (Arc-PVD) to generate TiN, ZrN similar to the currently commercially available coatings and three different diamond like carbon (DLC) coatings on CoCrMo substrate. All surface coatings were mechanically specified by measuring roughness, coating thickness, abrasive wear and critical loads. A friction wear test was modified using an UHMWPE counterpart with a contact pressure of 10 MPa to compare different coatings in one tribological test setup. Calf serum was used as lubricant. The commercially used coatings on the retrieved explants show several defects and the critical load for coating failure varied widely. All produced surface coatings showed an increased surface roughness after coating compared to uncoated samples, which was due to droplet formation, especially in the DLC coatings. A diamond post-polishing process was performed to reduce the surface roughness and reach the ISO standard of Ra < 50 nm. The ZrN and TiN coatings exhibited a decreased friction after removing of the droplets in comparison to uncoated CoCrMo samples, indicating that the post-polishing process might be a useful tool to ameliorate the tribological performance. The friction coefficient for all tested DLC layers was more than two times increased compared to the CoCrMo samples. The use of hard/soft bearings with DLC coated endoprostheses seems to be not advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Döring
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Crackau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Nestler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Quality Management, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian Welzel
- Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Quality Management, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Nečas D, Vrbka M, Gallo J, Křupka I, Hartl M. On the observation of lubrication mechanisms within hip joint replacements. Part II: Hard-on-hard bearing pairs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 89:249-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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On the observation of lubrication mechanisms within hip joint replacements. Part I: Hard-on-soft bearing pairs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 89:237-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Enhanced lubricant film formation through micro-dimpled hard-on-hard artificial hip joint: An in-situ observation of dimple shape effects. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 81:120-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grieco PW, Pascal S, Newman JM, Shah NV, Stroud SG, Sheth NP, Maheshwari AV. New alternate bearing surfaces in total hip arthroplasty: A review of the current literature. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2018; 9:7-16. [PMID: 29628677 PMCID: PMC5884051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As indications for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have expanded, the incidence of THA has increased among younger patients, who live longer and tend to place more strain on implants via higher activity levels. This demographical shift accentuates the importance of advancing innovation to ensure implant longevity for younger and more active patients. Future innovation, as it pertains to THA components, is likely to focus on modifying implant designs and tribology in conjunction with identification and application of newer biomaterials. By reviewing the literature for development status of various materials and novel design advancements in THA component outside of the standard highly cross-linked polyethylene, this investigation provided an update on the current and future status of design initiatives as they pertain to THA. Though the highlighted alternative bearing surfaces have shown promising in vitro and limited, yet encouraging clinical data, they lack larger and longer-term clinical trial results. Further research and innovation is warranted to identify the optimal bearing surface to most effectively accommodate for the trend of younger and more active patients undergoing THA. Implant longevity is crucial if the clinical success of THA is to be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston W. Grieco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Scott Pascal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jared M. Newman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Neil V. Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Sarah G. Stroud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Neil P. Sheth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Cathcart 800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Aditya V. Maheshwari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA,Corresponding author at: Adult Reconstruction and Musculoskeletal Oncology Divisions SUNY Downstate Medical Center 450 Clarkson Ave., Box 3 Box 3 Box 30 Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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The impact of surface and geometry on coefficient of friction of artificial hip joints. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 72:192-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Clinical outcomes of ceramicized ball heads in total hip replacement bearings: a literature review. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e1-e9. [PMID: 28009420 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallic ball heads for total hip replacement (THR) bearings with ceramicized surfaces were introduced in orthopedics during the second half of the 1980s, with the aim of decreasing the wear of polyethylene cups. METHODS An analysis was made of the literature regarding outcomes for metallic ball heads with ceramicized surfaces now in clinical use (TiN, TiNbN, ZrN, monoclinic ZrO2), as well as carbon coatings (pyrolytic carbon, diamond-like carbon) and silicon nitride as coatings in ball heads for THR bearings. RESULTS Notwithstanding the diffusion of ceramicized ball heads in THRs, there are few reports about their clinical outcomes in hip arthroplasty. In addition, several clinical studies and some registry data are putting under scrutiny the clinical advantages of ceramicized ball heads over cobalt chrome (CoCr) alloy and ceramic ball heads. CONCLUSIONS The wear of THR bearings with ceramicized ball heads looks like it depends more on the behavior of the polyethylene cups than on the treatment of the ball head surface. The risk of coating damage and of its consequences has to be taken into account in selecting this type of bearing.
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Choudhury D, Lackner J, Fleming RA, Goss J, Chen J, Zou M. Diamond-like carbon coatings with zirconium-containing interlayers for orthopedic implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 68:51-61. [PMID: 28152443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Six types of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings with zirconium (Zr)-containing interlayers on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) were investigated for improving the biotribological performance of orthopedic implants. The coatings consist of three layers: above the substrate a layer stack of 32 alternating Zr and ZrN sublayers (Zr:ZrN), followed by a layer comprised of Zr and DLC (Zr:DLC), and finally a N-doped DLC layer. The Zr:ZrN layer is designed for increasing load carrying capacity and corrosion resistance; the Zr:DLC layer is for gradual transition of stress, thus enhancing layer adhesion; and the N-doped DLC layer is for decreasing friction, squeaking noises and wear. Biotribological experiments were performed in simulated body fluid employing a ball-on-disc contact with a Si3N4 ball and a rotational oscillating motion to mimic hip motion in terms of gait angle, dynamic contact pressures, speed and body temperature. The results showed that the Zr:DLC layer has a substantial influence on eliminating delamination of the DLC from the substrates. The DLC/Si3N4 pairs significantly reduced friction coefficient, squeaking noise and wear of both the Si3N4 balls and the discs compared to those of the Ti-6Al-4V/Si3N4 pair after testing for a duration that is equivalent to one year of hip motion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Choudhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Juergen Lackner
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics, Functional Surfaces, Leobner Strasse 94, A-8712 Niklasdorf, Austria
| | - Robert A Fleming
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Josh Goss
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Ghosh S, Abanteriba S. Status of surface modification techniques for artificial hip implants. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:715-735. [PMID: 28228866 PMCID: PMC5278906 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1240575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification techniques have been developed significantly in the last couple of decades for enhanced tribological performance of artificial hip implants. Surface modification techniques improve biological, chemical and mechanical properties of implant surfaces. Some of the most effective techniques, namely surface texturing, surface coating, and surface grafting, are applied to reduce the friction and wear of artificial implants. This article reviews the status of the developments of surface modification techniques and their effects on commonly used artificial joint implants. This study focused only on artificial hip joint prostheses research of the last 10 years. A total of 27 articles were critically reviewed and categorized according to surface modification technique. The literature reveals that modified surfaces exhibit reduced friction and enhanced wear resistance of the contact surfaces. However, the wear rates are still noticeable in case of surface texturing and surface coating. The associated vortex flow aids to release entrapped wear debris and thus increase the wear particles generation in case of textured surfaces. The earlier delamination of coating materials due to poor adhesion and graphitization transformation has limited the use of coating techniques. Moreover, the produced wear debris has adverse effects on biological fluid. Conversely, the surface grafting technique provides phospholipid like layer that exhibited lower friction and almost zero wear rates even after a longer period of friction and wear test. The findings suggest that further investigations are required to identify the role of surface grafting on film formation and heat resistance ability under physiological hip joint conditions for improved performance and longevity of hip implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Ghosh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Improved wear resistance of functional diamond like carbon coated Ti–6Al–4V alloys in an edge loading conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:586-595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Dong Y, Svoboda P, Vrbka M, Kostal D, Urban F, Cizek J, Roupcova P, Dong H, Krupka I, Hartl M. Towards near-permanent CoCrMo prosthesis surface by combining micro-texturing and low temperature plasma carburising. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 55:215-227. [PMID: 26594781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An advanced surface engineering process combining micro-texture with a plasma carburising process was produced on CoCrMo femoral head, and their tribological properties were evaluated by the cutting-edge pendulum hip joint simulator coupled with thin film colorimetric interferometry. FESEM and GDOES showed that precipitation-free C S-phase with a uniform case depth of 10μm was formed across the micro-textures after duplex treatment. Hip simulator tests showed that the friction coefficient was reduced by 20% for micro-metre sized texture, and the long-term tribological property of microtexture was enhanced by the C-supersaturated crystalline microstructure formed on the surface of duplex treated CoCrMo, thereby enhancing biotribological durability significantly. In-situ colorimetric interferometry confirmed that the maximum film thickness around texture area was 530nm, indicating that the additional lubricant during sliding motion might provide exceptional bearing life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Dong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vrbka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - David Kostal
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Urban
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cizek
- NETME Centre, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Roupcova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hanshan Dong
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, Birmingham University, B15 2TT UK
| | - Ivan Krupka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hartl
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
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Ghosh S, Choudhury D, Roy T, Moradi A, Masjuki HH, Pingguan-Murphy B. Tribological performance of the biological components of synovial fluid in artificial joint implants. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:045002. [PMID: 27877822 PMCID: PMC5090181 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/4/045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of biological components of synovial fluid (such as albumin, globulin, hyaluronic acid, and lubricin) varies between healthy persons and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of such variation on tribological performance in a simulated hip joint model. The study was carried out experimentally by utilizing a pin-on-disk simulator on ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) and ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) hip joint implants. The experimental results show that both friction and wear of artificial joints fluctuate with the concentration level of biological components. Moreover, the performance also varies between material combinations. Wear debris sizes and shapes produced by ceramic and polyethylene were diverse. We conclude that the biological components of synovial fluid and their concentrations should be considered in order to select an artificial hip joint to best suit that patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dipankar Choudhury
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Taposh Roy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton VIC3800, Australia
| | - Ali Moradi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H H Masjuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Cell proliferation on modified DLC thin films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Biointerphases 2015; 10:029520. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4920978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Ghosh S, Choudhury D, Roy T, Bin Mamat A, Masjuki HH, Pingguan-Murphy B. Tribological investigation of diamond-like carbon coated micro-dimpled surface under bovine serum and osteoarthritis oriented synovial fluid. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:035002. [PMID: 27877803 PMCID: PMC5099840 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis-oriented synovial fluid (OASF), i.e., that typical of a patient with osteoarthritis, has different physical and biological characteristics than bovine serum (BS), a lubricant widely used in biotribological investigations. Micro-dimpled and diamond-like carbon- (DLC) coated surfaces are key emerging interfaces for orthopedic implants. In this study, tribological performances of dimpled surfaces, with and without DLC coating, have been investigated under both BS and OASF. The friction tests were performed utilizing a pin on a disk tribometer, whereas contact pressure, speed, and temperature were simulated to a 'medium walking gait' of hip joint conditions. The mechanical properties of the specimen and the physical properties of the lubricant were characterized before the friction test. Raman analysis was conducted to identify the coating condition both before and after the test. The DLC-coated dimpled surface showed maximum hardness and residual stress. A DLC-coated dimpled surface under an OASF lubricated condition yielded a lower friction coefficient and wear compared to those of plain and dimpled specimens. The higher graphitization of coated materials with increasing load was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dipankar Choudhury
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Taposh Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azuddin Bin Mamat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H H Masjuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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