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Armitano-Lago C, Evans-Pickett A, Davis-Wilson H, Munsch A, Longobardi L, Willcockson H, Schwartz TA, Franz JR, Pietrosimone B. Modifying loading during gait leads to biochemical changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein concentrations in a subgroup of individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1363-1373. [PMID: 38358589 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Strong observational evidence has linked changes in limb loading during walking following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). It remains unknown if manipulating peak loading influences joint tissue biochemistry. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine whether manipulating peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during gait influences changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) concentrations in ACLR participants. METHODS Forty ACLR individuals participated in this randomized crossover study (48% female, age = 21.0 ± 4.4 years, BMI = 24.6 ± 3.1). Participants attended four sessions, wherein they completed one of four biofeedback conditions (habitual loading (no biofeedback), high loading (5% increase in vGRF), low loading (5% decrease in vGRF), and symmetrical loading (between-limb symmetry in vGRF)) while walking on a treadmill for 3000 steps. Serum was collected before (baseline), immediately (acute post), 1 h (1 h post), and 3.5 h (3.5 h post) following each condition. A comprehensive general linear mixed model was constructed to address the differences in sCOMP across all conditions and timepoints in all participants and a subgroup of sCOMP Increasers. RESULTS No sCOMP differences were found across the entire cohort. In the sCOMP Increasers, a significant time × condition interaction was found (F9,206 = 2.6, p = 0.009). sCOMP was lower during high loading than low loading (p = 0.009) acutely (acute post). At 3.5 h post, sCOMP was higher during habitual loading than symmetrical loading (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION These data suggest that manipulating lower limb loading in ACLR patients who habitually exhibit an acute increase in sCOMP following walking results in improved biochemical changes linked to cartilage health. Key Points • This study assesses the mechanistic link between lower limb load modification and joint tissue biochemistry at acute and delayed timepoints. • Real-time biofeedback provides a paradigm to experimentally assess the mechanistic link between loading and serum biomarkers. • Manipulating peak loading during gait resulted in a metabolic effect of lower sCOMP concentrations in a subgroup of ACLR individuals. • Peak loading modifications may provide an intervention strategy to mitigate the development of PTOA following ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney Armitano-Lago
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Alyssa Evans-Pickett
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Amanda Munsch
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lara Longobardi
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Helen Willcockson
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Todd A Schwartz
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason R Franz
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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2
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Petersen CA, Sise CV, Dewing JX, Yun J, Zimmerman BK, Guo XE, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Immature bovine cartilage wear is due to fatigue failure from repetitive compressive forces and not reciprocating frictional forces. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1594-1601. [PMID: 37633593 PMCID: PMC10841040 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wear of articular cartilage is not well understood. We hypothesize that cartilage wears due to fatigue failure in repetitive compression instead of reciprocating friction. DESIGN This study compares reciprocating sliding of immature bovine articular cartilage against glass in two testing configurations: (1) a stationary contact area configuration (SCA), which results in static compression, interstitial fluid depressurization, and increasing friction coefficient during reciprocating sliding, and (2) a migrating contact area configuration (MCA), which maintains pressurization and low friction while producing repetitive compressive loading in addition to reciprocating sliding. Contact pressure, sliding duration, and sliding distance were controlled to be similar between test groups. RESULTS SCA tests exhibited an average friction coefficient of μ=0.084±0.032, while MCA tests exhibited a lower average friction coefficient of μ=0.020±0.008 (p<10-4). Despite the lower friction, MCA cartilage samples exhibited clear surface damage with a significantly greater average surface deviation from a fitted plane after wear testing (Rq=0.125±0.095 mm) than cartilage samples slid in a SCA configuration (Rq=0.044±0.017 mm, p=0.002), which showed minimal signs of wear. Polarized light microscopy confirmed that delamination damage occurred between the superficial and middle zones of the articular cartilage in MCA samples. CONCLUSIONS The greatest wear was observed in the group with lowest friction coefficient, subjected to cyclical instead of static compression, implying that friction is not the primary driver of cartilage wear. Delamination between superficial and middle zones implies the main mode of wear is fatigue failure under cyclical compression, not fatigue or abrasion due to reciprocating frictional sliding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Petersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - C V Sise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - J X Dewing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - J Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - B K Zimmerman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - X E Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - C T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - G A Ateshian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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Moo EK, Al-Saffar Y, Le T, A Seerattan R, Pingguan-Murphy B, K Korhonen R, Herzog W. Deformation behaviors and mechanical impairments of tissue cracks in immature and mature cartilages. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2103-2112. [PMID: 34914129 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of articular cartilage is often triggered by a small tissue crack. As cartilage structure and composition change with age, the mechanics of cracked cartilage may depend on the tissue age, but this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we investigated cartilage mechanics and crack deformation in immature and mature cartilage exposed to a full-thickness tissue crack using indentation testing and histology, respectively. When a cut was introduced, tissue cracks opened wider in the mature cartilage compared to the immature cartilage. However, the opposite occurred upon mechanical indentation over the cracked region. Functionally, the immature-cracked cartilages stress-relaxed faster, experienced increased tissue strain, and had reduced instantaneous stiffness, compared to the mature-cracked cartilages. Taken together, mature cartilage appears to withstand surface cracks and maintains its mechanical properties better than immature cartilage and these superior properties can be explained by the structure of their collagen fibrous network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Kuan Moo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yasir Al-Saffar
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tina Le
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth A Seerattan
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Li T, Peng J, Li Q, Shu Y, Zhu P, Hao L. The Mechanism and Role of ADAMTS Protein Family in Osteoarthritis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070959. [PMID: 35883515 PMCID: PMC9313267 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a principal cause of aches and disability worldwide. It is characterized by the inflammation of the bone leading to degeneration and loss of cartilage function. Factors, including diet, age, and obesity, impact and/or lead to osteoarthritis. In the past few years, OA has received considerable scholarly attention owing to its increasing prevalence, resulting in a cumbersome burden. At present, most of the interventions only relieve short-term symptoms, and some treatments and drugs can aggravate the disease in the long run. There is a pressing need to address the safety problems due to osteoarthritis. A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 repeats (ADAMTS) metalloproteinase is a kind of secretory zinc endopeptidase, comprising 19 kinds of zinc endopeptidases. ADAMTS has been implicated in several human diseases, including OA. For example, aggrecanases, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, participate in the cleavage of aggrecan in the extracellular matrix (ECM); ADAMTS-7 and ADAMTS-12 participate in the fission of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) into COMP lyase, and ADAMTS-2, ADAMTS-3, and ADAMTS-14 promote the formation of collagen fibers. In this article, we principally review the role of ADAMTS metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis. From three different dimensions, we explain how ADAMTS participates in all the following aspects of osteoarthritis: ECM, cartilage degeneration, and synovial inflammation. Thus, ADAMTS may be a potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis, and this article may render a theoretical basis for the study of new therapeutic methods for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yuan Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Peijun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13607008562; Fax: +86-86415785
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Orozco GA, Tanska P, Gustafsson A, Korhonen RK, Isaksson H. Crack propagation in articular cartilage under cyclic loading using cohesive finite element modeling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bjornsen E, Schwartz TA, Lisee C, Blackburn T, Lalush D, Nissman D, Spang J, Pietrosimone B. Loading during Midstance of Gait Is Associated with Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage Composition Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035211072220. [PMID: 35098719 PMCID: PMC9137315 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211072220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A complex association exists between aberrant gait biomechanics and posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) development. Previous research has primarily focused on the link between peak loading during the loading phase of stance and joint tissue changes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, the associations between loading and cartilage composition at other portions of stance, including midstance and late stance, is unclear. The objective of this study was to explore associations between vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) at each 1% increment of stance phase and tibiofemoral articular cartilage magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1ρ relaxation times following ACLR. DESIGN Twenty-three individuals (47.82% female, 22.1 ±4.1 years old) with unilateral ACLR participated in a gait assessment and T1ρ MRI collection at 12.25 ± 0.61 months post-ACLR. T1ρ relaxation times were calculated for the articular cartilage of the weightbearing medial and lateral femoral (MFC, LFC) and tibial (MTC, LTC) condyles. Separate bivariate, Pearson product moment correlation coefficients (r) were used to estimate strength of associations between T1ρ MRI relaxation times in the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articular cartilage with vGRF across the entire stance phase. RESULTS Greater vGRF during midstance (46%-56% of stance phase) was associated with greater T1ρ MRI relaxation times in the MFC (r ranging between 0.43 and 0.46). CONCLUSIONS Biomechanical gait profiles that include greater vGRF during midstance are associated with MRI estimates of lesser proteoglycan density in the MFC. Inability to unload the ACLR limb during midstance may be linked to joint tissue changes associated with PTOA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bjornsen
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Elizabeth Bjornsen, Human Movement Science Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Fetzer Hall, 210 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Todd A. Schwartz
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Lisee
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Troy Blackburn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Lalush
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Nissman
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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7
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Tran DT, Juang YC, Tsai L. Contrary response of porcine articular cartilage below and over 1000 s -1. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 90:105506. [PMID: 34610506 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee joints experience excessive loads quite frequently during sports activities, and these shocks could accelerate progressive degeneration in articular cartilage. METHODS Quasi-static and dynamic response of porcine knee articular cartilages were investigated in this research. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) were utilized to examine the articular cartilage properties at strain rates between 0.01-2000 s-1. FINDINGS The results showed that strain rate is an important factor for articular cartilages, distinctively divided into above and below 1000 s-1. The articular cartilages exhibit a strain hardening phenomenon when shock loaded at strain rates under 1000 s-1. When loaded at strain rates over 1000 s-1, their ultimate strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing strain rates. INTERPRETATION The biphasic structure of the cartilage explained the change of modulus. At the lower strain rates, fibers realigned and solidified the structure, while at higher strain rates, there is not enough time for the tissue fluid to move inside the cartilage, leading to a reduction in the deformability of the specimen and raising of Young's modulus. The results can be utilized to provide some useful data for biomaterial and computational works in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Tran
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, No. 415, Jiangong rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y C Juang
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, No. 415, Jiangong rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - L Tsai
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, No. 415, Jiangong rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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8
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Chawla D, Han G, Eriten M, Henak CR. Microindentation Technique to Create Localized Cartilage Microfractures. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e280. [PMID: 34670019 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a multiphasic, anisotropic, and heterogeneous material. Although cartilage possesses excellent mechanical and biological properties, it can undergo mechanical damage, resulting in osteoarthritis. Thus, it is important to understand the microscale failure behavior of cartilage in both basic science and clinical contexts. Determining cartilage failure behavior and mechanisms provides insight for improving treatment strategies to delay osteoarthritis initiation or progression and can also enhance the value of cartilage as bioinspiration for material fabrication. To investigate microscale failure behavior, we developed a protocol to initiate fractures by applying a microindentation technique using a well-defined tip geometry that creates localized cracks across a range of loading rates. The protocol includes extracting the tissue from the joint, preparing samples, and microfracture. Various aspects of the experiment, such as loading profile and solvent, can be adjusted to mimic physiological or pathological conditions and thereby further clarify phenomena underlying articular cartilage failure. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Harvesting and dissection of the joint surfaces Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of samples for microindentation and fatigue testing Basic Protocol 3: Microfracture using microindentation Basic Protocol 4: Crack propagation under cyclic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipul Chawla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Guebum Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melih Eriten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Corinne R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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9
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Luo J, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Tong Y, Ji L, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Bi Q. The application prospect of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1991-2002. [PMID: 34415355 PMCID: PMC8486704 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current understanding of osteoarthritis is developing from a mechanical disease caused by cartilage wear to a complex biological response involving inflammation, oxidative stress and other aspects. Nanoparticles are widely used in drug delivery due to its good stability in vivo and cell uptake efficiency. In addition to the above advantages, metal/metal oxide NPs, such as cerium oxide and manganese dioxide, can also simulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and catalyze the degradation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Degrading of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles releases metal ions, which may slow down the progression of osteoarthritis by inhibiting inflammation, promoting cartilage repair and inhibiting cartilage ossification. In present review, we focused on recent research works concerning osteoarthritis treating with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, and introduced some potential nanoparticles that may have therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Xi Road 109#, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Senbo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Xi Road 109#, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Xi Road 109#, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lichen Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Xi Road 109#, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Operating Theater, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Xi Road 109#, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Jin H, Jiang S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Dong J, Li Y. Mechanistic Insight Into the Roles of Integrins in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693484. [PMID: 34222261 PMCID: PMC8250141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common degenerative diseases, is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as the synovium. Integrins, comprising a family of heterodimeric transmembrane proteins containing α subunit and β subunit, play essential roles in various physiological functions of cells, such as cell attachment, movement, growth, differentiation, and mechanical signal conduction. Previous studies have shown that integrin dysfunction is involved in OA pathogenesis. This review article focuses on the roles of integrins in OA, especially in OA cartilage, subchondral bone and the synovium. A clear understanding of these roles may influence the future development of treatments for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shigang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruomei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Han G, Chowdhury U, Eriten M, Henak CR. Relaxation capacity of cartilage is a critical factor in rate- and integrity-dependent fracture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9527. [PMID: 33947908 PMCID: PMC8096812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage heals poorly but experiences mechanically induced damage across a broad range of loading rates and matrix integrity. Because loading rates and matrix integrity affect cartilage mechanical responses due to poroviscoelastic relaxation mechanisms, their effects on cartilage failure are important for assessing and preventing failure. This paper investigated rate- and integrity-dependent crack nucleation in cartilage from pre- to post-relaxation timescales. Rate-dependent crack nucleation and relaxation responses were obtained as a function of matrix integrity through microindentation. Total work for crack nucleation increased with decreased matrix integrity, and with decreased loading rates. Critical energy release rate of intact cartilage was estimated as 2.39 ± 1.39 to 2.48 ± 1.26 kJ m-2 in a pre-relaxation timescale. These findings showed that crack nucleation is delayed when cartilage can accommodate localized loading through poroviscoelastic relaxation mechanisms before fracture at a given loading rate and integrity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - U Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - M Eriten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - C R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Moo EK, Tanska P, Federico S, Al-Saffar Y, Herzog W, Korhonen RK. Collagen fibres determine the crack morphology in articular cartilage. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:301-314. [PMID: 33757903 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cracks in articular cartilage compromise tissue integrity and mechanical properties and lead to chondral lesions if untreated. An understanding of the mechanics of cracked cartilage may help in the prevention of cartilage deterioration and the development of tissue-engineered substitutes. The degeneration of cartilage in the presence of cracks may depend on the ultrastructure and composition of the tissue, which changes with aging, disease and habitual loading. It is unknown if the structural and compositional differences between immature and mature cartilage affect the mechanics of cartilage cracks, possibly predisposing one to a greater risk of degeneration than the other. We used a fibre-reinforced poro-viscoelastic swelling material model that accounts for large deformations and tension-compression non-linearity, and the finite element method to investigate the role of cartilage structure and composition on crack morphology and tissue mechanics. We demonstrate that the crack morphology predicted by our theoretical model agrees well with the histo-morphometric images of young and mature cracked cartilages under indentation loading. We also determined that the crack morphology was primarily dependent on collagen fibre orientation which differs as a function of cartilage depth and tissue maturity. The arcade-like collagen fibre orientation, first discussed by Benninghoff in his classical 1925 paper, appears to be beneficial for slowing the progression of tissue cracks by 'sealing' the crack and partially preserving fluid pressure during loading. Preservation of the natural load distribution between solid and fluid constituents of cartilage may be a key factor in slowing or preventing the propagation of tissue cracks and associated tissue matrix damage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cracks in articular cartilage can be detrimental to joint health if not treated, but it is not clear how they propagate and lead to tissue degradation. We used an advanced numerical model to determine the role of cartilage structure and composition on crack morphology under loading. Based on the structure and composition found in immature and mature cartilages, our model successfully predicts the crack morphology in these cartilages and determines that collagen fibre as the major determinant of crack morphology. The arcade-like Benninghoff collagen fibre orientation appears to be crucial in 'sealing' the tissue crack and preserves normal fluid-solid load distribution in cartilage. Inclusion of the arcade-like fibre orientation in tissue-engineered construct may help improve its integration within the host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Kuan Moo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland; Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Salvatore Federico
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4 Canada; Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Yasir Al-Saffar
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4 Canada; Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
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13
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Articular Cartilage Friction, Strain, and Viability Under Physiological to Pathological Benchtop Sliding Conditions. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:349-363. [PMID: 34295444 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo, articular cartilage is exceptionally resistant to wear, damage, and dysfunction. However, replicating cartilage's phenomenal in vivo tribomechanics (i.e., high fluid load support, low frictions and strains) and mechanobiology on the benchtop has been difficult, because classical testing approaches tend to minimize hydrodynamic contributors to tissue function. Our convergent stationary contact area (cSCA) configuration retains the ability for hydrodynamically-mediated processes to contribute to interstitial hydration recovery and tribomechanical function via 'tribological rehydration'. Using the cSCA, we investigated how in situ chondrocyte survival is impacted by the presence of tribological rehydration during the reciprocal sliding of a glass counterface against a compressively loaded equine cSCA cartilage explant. When tribological rehydration was compromised during testing, by slow-speed sliding, 'pathophysiological' tribomechanical environments and high surface cell death were observed. When tribological rehydration was preserved, by high-speed sliding, 'semi-physiological' sliding environments and suppressed cell death were realized. Inclusion of synovial fluid during testing fostered 'truly physiological' sliding outcomes consistent with the in vivo environment but had limited influence on cell death compared to high-speed sliding in PBS. Subsequently, path analysis identified friction as a primary driver of cell death, with strain an indirect driver, supporting the contention that articulation mediated rehydration can benefit both the biomechanical properties and biological homeostasis of cartilage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00671-2.
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14
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Fan Y, Cui C, Li P, Bi R, Lyu P, Li Y, Zhu S. Fibrocartilage Stem Cells in the Temporomandibular Joint: Insights From Animal and Human Studies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665995. [PMID: 33987185 PMCID: PMC8111285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are diseases involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and osseous components. TMD has a high prevalence, with an estimated 4.8% of the U.S. population experiencing signs and symptoms, and represents a financial burden to both individuals and society. During TMD progression, the most frequently affected site is the condylar cartilage. Comprising both fibrous and cartilaginous tissues, condylar cartilage has restricted cell numbers but lacks a vascular supply and has limited regenerative properties. In 2016, a novel stem cell niche containing a reservoir of fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) was discovered in the condylar cartilage of rats. Subsequently, FCSCs were identified in mouse, rabbit, and human condylar cartilage. Unlike mesenchymal stem cells or other tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells, FCSCs play a unique role in the development and regeneration of fibrocartilage. More importantly, engraftment treatment of FCSCs has been successfully applied in animal models of TMD. In this context, FCSCs play a major role in the regeneration of newly formed cartilage. Furthermore, FCSCs participate in the regeneration of intramembranous bone by interacting with endothelial cells in bone defects. This evidence highlights the potential of FCSCs as an ideal stem cell source for the regeneration of oral maxillofacial tissue. This review is intended to detail the current knowledge of the characteristics and function of FCSCs in the TMJ, as well as the potential therapeutic applications of FCSCs. A deep understanding of the properties of FCSCs can thus inform the development of promising, biologically based strategies for TMD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Trucco D, Vannozzi L, Teblum E, Telkhozhayeva M, Nessim GD, Affatato S, Al-Haddad H, Lisignoli G, Ricotti L. Graphene Oxide-Doped Gellan Gum-PEGDA Bilayered Hydrogel Mimicking the Mechanical and Lubrication Properties of Articular Cartilage. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001434. [PMID: 33586352 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) is a specialized connective tissue able to provide a low-friction gliding surface supporting shock-absorption, reducing stresses, and guaranteeing wear-resistance thanks to its structure and mechanical and lubrication properties. Being an avascular tissue, AC has a limited ability to heal defects. Nowadays, conventional strategies show several limitations, which results in ineffective restoration of chondral defects. Several tissue engineering approaches have been proposed to restore the AC's native properties without reproducing its mechanical and lubrication properties yet. This work reports the fabrication of a bilayered structure made of gellan gum (GG) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), able to mimic the mechanical and lubrication features of both AC superficial and deep zones. Through appropriate combinations of GG and PEGDA, cartilage Young's modulus is effectively mimicked for both zones. Graphene oxide is used as a dopant agent for the superficial hydrogel layer, demonstrating a lower friction than the nondoped counterpart. The bilayered hydrogel's antiwear properties are confirmed by using a knee simulator, following ISO 14243. Finally, in vitro tests with human chondrocytes confirm the absence of cytotoxicity effects. The results shown in this paper open the way to a multilayered synthetic injectable or surgically implantable filler for restoring AC defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Trucco
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Eti Teblum
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Madina Telkhozhayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Gilbert Daniel Nessim
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Saverio Affatato
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio Tecnologie Biomediche, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Hind Al-Haddad
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
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16
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Zimmerman BK, Nims RJ, Chen A, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Direct Osmotic Pressure Measurements in Articular Cartilage Demonstrate Nonideal and Concentration-Dependent Phenomena. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:041007. [PMID: 33210125 PMCID: PMC7872001 DOI: 10.1115/1.4049158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The osmotic pressure in articular cartilage serves an important mechanical function in healthy tissue. Its magnitude is thought to play a role in advancing osteoarthritis. The aims of this study were to: (1) isolate and quantify the magnitude of cartilage swelling pressure in situ; and (2) identify the effect of salt concentration on material parameters. Confined compression stress-relaxation testing was performed on 18 immature bovine and six mature human cartilage samples in solutions of varying osmolarities. Direct measurements of osmotic pressure revealed nonideal and concentration-dependent osmotic behavior, with magnitudes approximately 1/3 those predicted by ideal Donnan law. A modified Donnan constitutive behavior was able to capture the aggregate behavior of all samples with a single adjustable parameter. Results of curve-fitting transient stress-relaxation data with triphasic theory in febio demonstrated concentration-dependent material properties. The aggregate modulus HA increased threefold as the external concentration decreased from hypertonic 2 M to hypotonic 0.001 M NaCl (bovine: HA=0.420±0.109 MPa to 1.266±0.438 MPa; human: HA=0.499±0.208 MPa to 1.597±0.455 MPa), within a triphasic theory inclusive of osmotic effects. This study provides a novel and simple analytical model for cartilage osmotic pressure which may be used in computational simulations, validated with direct in situ measurements. A key finding is the simultaneous existence of Donnan osmotic and Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic interactions within cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K Zimmerman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Robert J Nims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Alex Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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17
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Grondin MM, Liu F, Vignos MF, Samsonov A, Li WJ, Kijowski R, Henak CR. Bi-component T2 mapping correlates with articular cartilage material properties. J Biomech 2020; 116:110215. [PMID: 33482593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive estimation of cartilage material properties is useful for understanding cartilage health and creating subject-specific computational models. Bi-component T2 mapping measured using Multi-Component Driven Equilibrium Single Shot Observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) is sensitive for detecting cartilage degeneration within the human knee joint, but has not been correlated with cartilage composition and mechanical properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bi-component T2 parameters measured using mcDESPOT at 3.0 T and cartilage composition and mechanical properties. Ex-vivo patellar cartilage specimens harvested from five human cadaveric knees were imaged using mcDESPOT at 3.0 T. Cartilage samples were removed from the patellae, mechanically tested to determine linear modulus and dissipated energy, and chemically tested to determine proteoglycan and collagen content. Parameter maps of single-component T2 relaxation time (T2), the T2 relaxation times of the fast relaxing macromolecular bound water component (T2F) and slow relaxing bulk water component (T2S), and the fraction of the fast relaxing macromolecular bound water component (FF) were compared to mechanical and chemical measures using linear regression. FF was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with energy dissipation and linear modulus. T2 was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated with elastic modulus at 1 Hz and energy dissipated at all frequencies. There were no other significant (p = 0.13-0.97) correlations between mcDESPOT parameters and mechanical properties. FF was significantly (p = 0.04) correlated with proteoglycan content. There were no other significant (p = 0.19-0.92) correlations between mcDESPOT parameters and proteoglycan or collagen content. This study suggests that FF measured using mcDESPOT at 3.0 T could be used to non-invasively estimate cartilage proteoglycan content, elastic modulus, and energy dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Grondin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael F Vignos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexey Samsonov
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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18
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Durney KM, Shaeffer CA, Zimmerman BK, Nims RJ, Oungoulian S, Jones BK, Boorman-Padgett JF, Suh JT, Shah RP, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Immature bovine cartilage wear by fatigue failure and delamination. J Biomech 2020; 107:109852. [PMID: 32517855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated wear damage of immature bovine articular cartilage using reciprocal sliding of tibial cartilage strips against glass or cartilage. Experiments were conducted in physiological buffered saline (PBS) or mature bovine synovial fluid (SF). A total of 63 samples were tested, of which 47 exhibited wear damage due to delamination of the cartilage surface initiated in the middle zone, with no evidence of abrasive wear. There was no difference between the friction coefficient of damaged and undamaged samples, showing that delamination wear occurs even when friction remains low under a migrating contact area configuration. No difference was observed in the onset of damage or in the friction coefficient between samples tested in PBS or SF. The onset of damage occurred earlier when testing cartilage against glass versus cartilage against cartilage, supporting the hypothesis that delamination occurs due to fatigue failure of the collagen in the middle zone, since stiffer glass produces higher strains and tensile stresses under comparable loads. The findings of this study are novel because they establish that delamination of the articular surface, starting in the middle zone, may represent a primary mechanism of failure. Based on preliminary data, it is reasonable to hypothesize that delamination wear via subsurface fatigue failure is similarly the primary mechanism of human cartilage wear under normal loading conditions, albeit requiring far more cycles of loading than in immature bovine cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Durney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney A Shaeffer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon K Zimmerman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Nims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sevan Oungoulian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian K Jones
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jason T Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan P Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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