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Li Q, Yang Y, Chen K, Jiang Y, Swain MV, Yao M, He Y, Liang Y, Jian Y, Zhao K. Effect of low-temperature degradation on the fatigue performance of dental strength-gradient multilayered zirconia restorations. J Dent 2024; 142:104866. [PMID: 38281620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fatigue and low-temperature degradation (LTD) are the main factors contributing to zirconia restoration failure. This study evaluated the effect of LTD on the fatigue performance of the novel "strength & shade-gradient" multilayered zirconia restorations. METHODS Discs (15 mm × 1.2 mm) of each yttria content layer from a newly developed strength-gradient multilayered zirconia were fabricated and under accelerated aging in an autoclave at 134℃ for 0 h, 32 h, and 64 h. Then, the phase transformation, microstructure, and mechanical properties after LTD were assessed. In addition, the crown samples, including the multi-Zir, 3Y-Zir, and 5Y-Zir were fabricated, and their monotonic and fatigue load before and after LTD, percentage of fatigue degradation (Sd) and the fracture morphology were investigated. Statistical analyses were performed using paired samples t-test (α' = α/3 = 0.017), one-way ANOVA and Weibull analysis. RESULTS After LTD, the phase transformation, surface roughness, depth of transformed zone, and residual stress were increased and inversely associated with the yttria content. The indentation elastic modulus and hardness after LTD decreased; however, there was no significant difference between the different yttria content layers. The monotonic and fatigue load of multi-Zir restorations decreased, but their Weibull modulus increased, and Sd decreased, similar to 3Y-Zir. The crack origin was associated with the cervical region. CONCLUSION These results show that although LTD reduces the absolute fatigue strength of strength-gradient multilayered zirconia restorations, it also reduces the effect of cyclic fatigue itself on the strength of zirconia (relative to monotonic strength), which might be due to the increase of residual stress. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The novel "strength & shade-gradient" multilayered zirconia restorations show a promising performance during in vitro LTD and fatigue test and their reliability to some extent is comparable to 3Y-Zir. Yet, further in vivo longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm their precise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yunxu Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Kuangyao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yingyu Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Michael V Swain
- Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia; AMME, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mianfeng Yao
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yutao Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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Hajhamid B, Bozec L, Tenenbaum H, De Souza G, Somogyi-Ganss E. Effect of artificial aging on optical properties and crystalline structure of high-translucency zirconia. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:61-69. [PMID: 36641491 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of different in vitro aging protocols on the optical properties and crystalline structure of high-translucency (HT) zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six specimens of HT and extra-high translucency (XT) zirconia were divided into three groups: control (CO)-no treatment; hydrothermal aging (HA)-autoclave aging for 12.5 h at 134°C, 2 bar; clinically related aging (CRA)-aging in the chewing simulator for 1.2 million cycles, followed by 50,000 thermocycles (5-55°C) and immersion in HCl (pH 1.2) for 15 h. Optical properties, crystalline structure, and surface roughness were analyzed and compared using analysis of variance (5% significance level). RESULTS There was no statistically significant effect of aging on translucency (p = 0.10), but CRA promoted the development of a high contrast ratio (p = 0.03). Aging did not cause significant color changes for HT (p = 0.65) or XT (p = 0.36). The proportion of monoclinic crystals increased to 40% for HT-zirconia after HA and 5% after CRA. No monoclinic crystals were detected for XT groups. There was no effect of aging on surface roughness (p = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Although hydrothermal aging has been widely used to verify zirconia crystalline stability, it did not generate an effect similar to clinically related aging on the optical properties and crystalline structure of zirconia. HA affected the crystalline structure of HT-zirconia, and CRA compromised the optical properties of XT zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beshr Hajhamid
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Tenenbaum
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace De Souza
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Benalcázar-Jalkh EB, Bergamo ETP, Campos TMB, Coelho PG, Sailer I, Yamaguchi S, Alves LMM, Witek L, Tebcherani SM, Bonfante EA. A Narrative Review on Polycrystalline Ceramics for Dental Applications and Proposed Update of a Classification System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7541. [PMID: 38138684 PMCID: PMC10744432 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Dental zirconias have been broadly utilized in dentistry due to their high mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Although initially introduced in dentistry as an infrastructure material, the high rate of technical complications related to veneered porcelain has led to significant efforts to improve the optical properties of dental zirconias, allowing for its monolithic indication. Modifications in the composition, processing methods/parameters, and the increase in the yttrium content and cubic phase have been presented as viable options to improve zirconias' translucency. However, concerns regarding the hydrothermal stability of partially stabilized zirconia and the trade-off observed between optical and mechanical properties resulting from the increased cubic content remain issues of concern. While the significant developments in polycrystalline ceramics have led to a wide diversity of zirconia materials with different compositions, properties, and clinical indications, the implementation of strong, esthetic, and sufficiently stable materials for long-span fixed dental prostheses has not been completely achieved. Alternatives, including advanced polycrystalline composites, functionally graded structures, and nanosized zirconia, have been proposed as promising pathways to obtain high-strength, hydrothermally stable biomaterials. Considering the evolution of zirconia ceramics in dentistry, this manuscript aims to present a critical perspective as well as an update to previous classifications of dental restorative ceramics, focusing on polycrystalline ceramics, their properties, indications, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto B. Benalcázar-Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmara T. P. Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Tiago M. B. Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Irena Sailer
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Larissa M. M. Alves
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Sérgio M. Tebcherani
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato Km 04, Ponta Grossa 84016-210, PR, Brazil;
| | - Estevam A. Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
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Pereira RM, Moreira Bastos Campos T, Augusto Bonfante E, Patrocínio Thim G. A comparative study of mechanical properties of yttria stabilized zirconia monolithic and bilayer configuration for dental application. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106160. [PMID: 37832171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia multilayer presents promising prospects, but there is scarce information about its microstructural and mechanical characterization. Therefore, this study sought to produce them in-house and to perform their characterization by comprising four groups of specimens to assess the biaxial flexural strength, microhardness, fracture toughness, phase characterization and quantification, fractography, and microstructural features. Weibull analysis was performed to determine the Weibull modulus and characteristic strength. The results showed that bilayers 3YSZ and 5YSZ presented intermediate mechanical properties when compared to 3YSZ and 5YSZ monolithic controls (680 MPa, 464 MPa, 885 MPa, 594 MPa, respectively). Fractographic analysis revealed that the failure origin was not at the interface in the bilayer groups, but residual stress was present between the layers. Hardness and fracture toughness were not affected by the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Monteiro Pereira
- Laboratory of Plasma and Process, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, São José dos Campos, SP, 12228-900, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos
- Laboratory of Plasma and Process, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, São José dos Campos, SP, 12228-900, Brazil
| | - Estevam Augusto Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Patrocínio Thim
- Laboratory of Plasma and Process, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, São José dos Campos, SP, 12228-900, Brazil
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Helal E, Gierthmuehlen PC, Bonfante EA, Campos TMB, Prott LS, Langner R, Spitznagel FA. Influence of straight versus angulated screw channel titanium bases on failure loads of two-piece ceramic and titanium implants restored with screw-retained monolithic crowns: An in-vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34:1217-1229. [PMID: 37565379 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of titanium-base (straight [SSC]/angulated-screw-channel [ASC]) on failure-loads and bending-moments of two-piece ceramic and titanium-zirconium implants restored with monolithic-zirconia crowns after fatigue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two anterior monolithic-screw-retained zirconia crowns were divided into four groups (n = 8/group) according to the factors: (1) type of implant material: two-piece titanium-zirconium implant (Ti-Zr; control-group) versus two-piece ceramic implant (CI; test-group) and (2) type of titanium-base: SSC (0° angle) versus ASC (25°). An intact implant was used for field emission gun-scanning electronic microscopy (FEG-SEM) characterization and Raman spectroscopy for phase analyses and residual stress quantification. All samples were exposed to fatigue with thermodynamic loading (1.2-million-cycles, 49 N, 1.6 Hz, 5-55°C) at a 30° angle. Surviving specimens were loaded until failure (SLF) and bending moments were recorded. Failed samples were examined using light microscope and SEM. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Raman-spectroscopy revealed the presence of residual compressive stresses. FEG-SEM revealed a roughened surface between threads and polished surface at the cervical-collar of the ceramic implant. All samples survived fatigue and were free of complications. Mean bending-moments (±SD) were: Ti-Zr-0: 241 ± 45 N cm, Ti-Zr-25: 303 ± 86 N cm, CI-0: 326 ± 58 N cm, CI-25: 434 ± 71 N cm. Titanium-base and implant-material had significant effects in favor of ASC titanium bases (p = .001) and ceramic-implants (p < .001). Failure analysis after SLF revealed severe fractures in ceramic implants, whereas titanium implants were restricted to plastic deformation. CONCLUSIONS Ceramic and titanium implants exhibited high reliability after fatigue, with no failures. From a mechanical perspective, titanium bases with ASC can be recommended for both ceramic and titanium implants and are safe for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Helal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P C Gierthmuehlen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - T M B Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - L S Prott
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - F A Spitznagel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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de Matos JDM, da Rocha Scalzer Lopes G, Queiroz DA, Campos TMB, de Carvalho Ramos N, Bottino MA. Effect of staining layer on roughness after progressive wear of monolithic ceramics. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:927-936. [PMID: 37203879 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate staining layer behavior applied to high-translucency zirconia (YZHT), feldspathic ceramics (FD), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) surfaces against different antagonists. METHODS AND MATERIALS Monolithic ceramic discs (n = 120) (ø 12 mm; thickness, 1.2 mm; ISO 6872) were obtained, 30 from YZHT and FD, and 60 from ZLS CAD/CAM blocks (staining layer applied before or after the crystallization procedure). The specimens were divided into 12 subgroups (n = 10) according to the antagonists: steatite, polymer-infiltrated ceramic, or zirconia. Mechanical cycling (1.5 × 104 cycles; 15 N; horizontal displacement, 6 mm; 1.7 Hz) and flexural strength tests (1 mm/min-1000 kg cell) were performed. The differences between final and initial roughnesses (Ra, Rz, and Rsm), the mass loss, and the flexural strength data were individually analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The roughnesses of all ceramics did not present a statistically significant difference before wear simulation: Ra (p = 0.3348), Rz (p = 0.5590), and Rsm (p = 0.5330). After the wear simulation, the Ra parameter was not affected by an interaction between ceramic and antagonist (p = 0.595). The Rz and Rsm parameters were affected only by the antagonist pistons (both, p = 0.000). The ceramics used in this study showed statistically significant differences in mass loss after the wear test (p < 0.0001). The additional firing (2 steps) of the ZLS2 led to a higher lost mass quantity. CONCLUSION All ceramics presented similar initial roughnesses and similar roughnesses after the wear simulation. The zirconia antagonist showed better performance against ceramics with high crystalline content. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is clear that restorative materials must be carefully selected by dental practitioners according to indications, properties, and antagonists. The steatite antagonist, that is, an enamel analog, showed better performance against vitreous ceramics, while the zirconia antagonist showed better performance against ceramics with high crystalline content. Wear affects the surface roughnesses of the ceramics. Additional firing for the staining of the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic led to a greater loss of mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson David Melo de Matos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Guilherme da Rocha Scalzer Lopes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Daher Antonio Queiroz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Prosthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Nathalia de Carvalho Ramos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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PEREIRA RM, RIBAS RG, MONTANHEIRO TLDA, SCHATKOSKI VM, RODRIGUES KF, KITO LT, KOBO LK, CAMPOS TMB, BONFANTE EA, GIERTHMUEHLEN PC, SPITZNAGEL FA, THIM GP. An engineering perspective of ceramics applied in dental reconstructions. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220421. [PMID: 36820784 PMCID: PMC9972857 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The demands for dental materials continue to grow, driven by the desire to reach a better performance than currently achieved by the available materials. In the dental restorative ceramic field, the structures evolved from the metal-ceramic systems to highly translucent multilayered zirconia, aiming not only for tailored mechanical properties but also for the aesthetics to mimic natural teeth. Ceramics are widely used in prosthetic dentistry due to their attractive clinical properties, including high strength, biocompatibility, chemical stability, and a good combination of optical properties. Metal-ceramics type has always been the golden standard of dental reconstruction. However, this system lacks aesthetic aspects. For this reason, efforts are made to develop materials that met both the mechanical features necessary for the safe performance of the restoration as well as the aesthetic aspects, aiming for a beautiful smile. In this field, glass and high-strength core ceramics have been highly investigated for applications in dental restoration due to their excellent combination of mechanical properties and translucency. However, since these are recent materials when compared with the metal-ceramic system, many studies are still required to guarantee the quality and longevity of these systems. Therefore, a background on available dental materials properties is a starting point to provoke a discussion on the development of potential alternatives to rehabilitate lost hard and soft tissue structures with ceramic-based tooth and implant-supported reconstructions. This review aims to bring the most recent materials research of the two major categories of ceramic restorations: ceramic-metal system and all-ceramic restorations. The practical aspects are herein presented regarding the evolution and development of materials, technologies applications, strength, color, and aesthetics. A trend was observed to use high-strength core ceramics type due to their ability to be manufactured by CAD/CAM technology. In addition, the impacts of COVID-19 on the market of dental restorative ceramics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Monteiro PEREIRA
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Renata Guimarães RIBAS
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Thaís Larissa do Amaral MONTANHEIRO
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Modelski SCHATKOSKI
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Karla Faquine RODRIGUES
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Letícia Terumi KITO
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Lucas Kazunori KOBO
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Tiago Moreira Bastos CAMPOS
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Estevam Augusto BONFANTE
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Odontologia de BauruDepartamento de Prótese e PeriodontiaBauruSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Prótese e Periodontia, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
| | - Petra Christine GIERTHMUEHLEN
- Heinrich-Heine-UniversityMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermanyHeinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Department of Prosthodontics, Germany.
| | - Frank Akito SPITZNAGEL
- Heinrich-Heine-UniversityMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermanyHeinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Department of Prosthodontics, Germany.
| | - Gilmar Patrocínio THIM
- Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaLaboratório de Plasma e ProcessosSão José dos CamposBrasilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Laboratório de Plasma e Processos (LPP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
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Bonfante EA, Calamita M, Bergamo ETP. Indirect restorative systems-A narrative review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:84-104. [PMID: 36688803 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The background and clinical understanding of the properties of currently available indirect restorative systems and fabrication methods is, along with manufacturer and evidence-based literature, an important starting point to guide the clinical selection of materials for tooth and/or implant supported reconstructions. Therefore, this review explores most indirect restorative systems available in the market, especially all-ceramic, along with aspects of manufacturing process, clinical survival rates, and esthetic outcomes. OVERVIEW Progressive incorporation of new technologies in the dental field and advancements in materials science have enabled the development/improvement of indirect restorative systems and treatment concepts in oral rehabilitation, resulting in reliable and predictable workflows and successful esthetic and functional outcomes. Indirect restorative systems have evolved from metal ceramics and polymers to glass ceramics, polycrystalline ceramics, and resin-matrix ceramics, aiming to improve not only biological and mechanical properties, but especially the optical properties and esthetic quality of the reconstructions, in attempt to mimic natural teeth. CONCLUSIONS Based on several clinical research, materials, and patient-related parameters, a decision tree for the selection of indirect restorative materials was suggested to guide clinicians in the rehabilitation process. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The pace of materials development is faster than that of clinical research aimed to support their use. Since no single material provides an ideal solution to every case, professionals must continuously seek information from well designed, long-term clinical trials in order to incorporate or not new materials and technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Calamita
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edmara T P Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Prado PHCO, Dapieve KS, Campos TMB, Valandro LF, Melo RMD. Effect of hydrothermal and mechanical aging on the fatigue performance of high-translucency zirconias. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1060-1071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hajhamid B, Alfrisany N, Somogyi-Ganss E. The effect of accelerated aging on crystalline structures and optical properties of different monolithic zirconia: A qualitative systematic review. Dent Mater 2022; 38:569-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Zhang CY, Agingu C, Yang H, Cheng H, Yu H. Effects of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Phase Transformation, Surface Roughness, and Mechanical Properties of Monolithic Translucent Zirconia. Oper Dent 2022; 47:76-86. [PMID: 34979031 DOI: 10.2341/20-270-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on four types of monolithic, translucent, yttria-stabilized, tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZPs). METHODS AND MATERIALS Two commercially available Y-TZP brands-SuperfectZir High Translucency (Aidite Technology Co, China) and Katana HT (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Japan) were assessed. For each brand of Y-TZP, materials of four coloring types, including noncolored (NC), colored by staining (CS), precolored (PC), and multilayered (ML) specimens were investigated after hydrothermal aging in an autoclave at 134°C/0.2 MPa for 0 (control group), 5, 10, and 20 hours. The tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation, surface roughness, flexural strength, and structural reliability (Weibull analysis) were measured and statistically analyzed (α=0.05). The subsurface microstructure was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The group ML exhibited the lowest flexural strength and Weibull characteristic strength among the four coloring types (p<0.05). Slight increases in the monoclinic phase volume, flexural strength, and Weibull characteristic strength were observed after hydrothermal aging (pall<0.05). Regardless of coloring type, no significant effects of aging on the Weibull modulus or surface roughness were found for the tested materials. Compared with the Katana HT cross-sections, the SuperfectZir High Translucency cross-sections exhibited a similar but thicker transformation zone. CONCLUSIONS The coloring procedure and material type were found to affect the mechanical properties and aging resistance of translucent monolithic Y-TZP ceramics. Regardless of the aging time, the surface roughness of the tested Y-TZP ceramics remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Zhang
- Chang-yuan Zhang, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - C Agingu
- Check Agingu, Master's student, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Yang
- Hui Yang, Master's student, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Cheng
- Hui Cheng, DDS, PhD, professor and associate dean, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Yu
- *Hao Yu, DDS, PhD, Dr med dent, associate professor and associate dean, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Adjunct Professor, Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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12
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Bergamo ETP, Campos TMB, Lopes ACO, Cardoso KB, Gouvea MVR, de Araújo-Júnior ENS, Witek L, Gierthmühlen PC, Coelho PG, Benalcázar Jalkh EB, Zahoui A, de Carvalho LF, Bonfante EA. Hydrothermal aging affects the three-dimensional fit and fatigue lifetime of zirconia abutments. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104832. [PMID: 34536801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of aging using two different methods on the three-dimensional fit of zirconia abutments at the implant-abutment connection and estimate the probability of survival of anterior crowns supported by straight and 17-degree angled abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different zirconia abutment designs, straight and 17-degree angled abutments (n = 63/group), were evaluated in the current study. The abutments were randomly allocated into three experimental groups according to laboratory aging condition (134°C, 2.2 bar, 20 h): (i) control, (ii) autoclave aging, and (iii) hydrothermal reactor aging. Crystalline content was determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, and microstructure was analyzed using field-emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). Implant-abutment volume misfit was determined in the straight abutments by micro-computed tomography using the silicone replica technique. For fatigue testing, abutments were torqued to the implants and connected to standardized maxillary incisor zirconia crowns. The assemblies were subjected to step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) in water until fracture or suspension. The use level probability Weibull curves and probability of survival for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 50, 100, 150 and 200 N were calculated and plotted. Fractured samples were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. RESULTS The crystalline spectra depicted a zirconia system primarily composed of the tetragonal phase. Laboratory aging yielded a 20%- and 37%-increase in the monoclinic content for abutments aged in autoclave and hydrothermal reactor relative to control, respectively. A fully crystalline matrix with a regular grain size was observed in the FEG-SEM for control abutments, with a considerable presence of intergranular defects. While autoclave aging triggered no significant alteration to the microstructure, defect population was reduced after hydrothermal reactor aging. Control abutments presented a significantly higher volume misfit (2.128 ± 0.54 mm3) relative to aged abutments using autoclave (1.244 ± 0.48 mm3) or hydrothermal reactor (1.441 ± 0.41 mm3). The beta (β) values indicated that failures were predominantly controlled by material strength rather than fatigue damage accumulation for all groups, except for straight control abutments. Irrespective of aging, the probability of survival of straight and angled zirconia abutments was up to 95% (95-100%) at 50 and 100 N. A 50N-increase in the load resulted in wider range of survival estimate, with straight autoclave abutments percentage significantly lower probability of survival (77%) than angled hydrothermal reactor abutments (99%). At 200N, angled hydrothermal reactor (97%) or autoclave (82%) aged abutments demonstrated the highest probability of survival, angled control (71%) and straight hydrothermal reactor (69%) abutments intermediate values, and straight autoclave (23%) and control (7%) abutments the lowest estimate. The failure mode predominantly involved abutment and/or abutment screw fracture for both straight and angled abutments. CONCLUSIONS Hydrothermal aging significantly influenced volume misfit, as well as the probability of survival of zirconia abutments at higher loads for both angled and straight abutments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmara T P Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tiago M B Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Adolfo C O Lopes
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina B Cardoso
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus V R Gouvea
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Everardo N S de Araújo-Júnior
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, 433 1st Avenue, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Petra C Gierthmühlen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, 433 1st Avenue, New York, NY, USA; Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 222 East 41st Street New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, 433 1st Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abbas Zahoui
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura F de Carvalho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Bergamo ETP, Cardoso KB, Lino LFO, Campos TMB, Monteiro KN, Cesar PF, Genova LA, Thim GP, Coelho PG, Bonfante EA. Alumina-toughened zirconia for dental applications: Physicochemical, mechanical, optical, and residual stress characterization after artificial aging. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1135-1144. [PMID: 33314536 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the physicomechanical properties of an alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ). ATZ synthesis consisted of the addition of alumina particles in an yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) matrix. Specimens were obtained by uniaxial and isostatic pressing ATZ and 3Y-TZP powders and sintering at 1600°C/1 h and 1550°C/1 h, respectively. Crystalline content and residual stress were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties were determined by reflectance test. Mechanical properties were assessed by biaxial flexural strength test. All analyses were performed before and after aging (134°C, 20 h, 2 bar). XRD and SEM revealed a typical ATZ and 3Y-TZP crystalline content, chiefly tetragonal phase, with a dense polycrystalline matrix, though a smaller grain size for ATZ. Aging triggered a similar monoclinic transformation for both systems; however, ATZ exhibited higher residual compressive stresses than 3Y-TZP. While as-processed 3Y-TZP demonstrated significantly higher characteristic strength relative to ATZ, no significant difference was observed after aging (~215 MPa increase in the ATZ strength). ATZ presented significantly higher opacity relative to 3Y-TZP, although aging significantly increased the translucency of both systems (increase difference significantly higher in the 3Y-TZP compared to ATZ). ATZ physicomechanical properties support its applicability in the dental field, with a lower detrimental effect of aging relative to 3Y-TZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmara T P Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina B Cardoso
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F O Lino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago M B Campos
- Department of Physics, Aeronautics Technological Institute, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelli N Monteiro
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo F Cesar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Genova
- Center of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Research in Nuclear Energy, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilmar P Thim
- Department of Physics, Aeronautics Technological Institute, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Moreira Bastos Campos T, Marques de Melo Marinho R, de Oliveira Pinto Ribeiro A, Larissa do Amaral Montanheiro T, Carolina da Silva A, Thim GP. Microstructure and mechanical properties of fully sintered zirconia glazed with an experimental glass. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104093. [PMID: 33022517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The need for improved mechanical properties in regions of higher masticatory loads led to the introduction of zirconia in dentistry. However, zirconia needs a characterization and glaze to have a more natural, tooth-like appearance. An experimental glass was produced based on the sol-gel method to exhibit a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that presented by zirconia. The experimental glass was used as glazing material on the previously sintered zirconia (vita YZ) surface. There was a significant reduction in the roughness and hardness of the material, caused by the formation of smooth, void-free and highly uniform glass coating. The glass infiltrated among superficial zirconia grains and caused the formation of monoclinic zirconia at the zirconia/glass interface. A consequent decrease in surface roughness and an increase in flexural strength and reliability was then observed in the experimental glass group. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the reliability of conventionally glazed group was observed. Therefore, the use of experimental glass instead of conventional glaze can improve the mechanical properties, smoothness, and mechanical reliability of fully sintered zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos
- Physics Department, Aeronautics Technological Institute (ITA), 50 Marechal Eduardo Gomes Square, 12228-900, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Marques de Melo Marinho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Pinto Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thais Larissa do Amaral Montanheiro
- Physics Department, Aeronautics Technological Institute (ITA), 50 Marechal Eduardo Gomes Square, 12228-900, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gilmar Patrocínio Thim
- Physics Department, Aeronautics Technological Institute (ITA), 50 Marechal Eduardo Gomes Square, 12228-900, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Wang L, Wang C, Wu S, Fan Y, Li X. Influence of the mechanical properties of biomaterials on degradability, cell behaviors and signaling pathways: current progress and challenges. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2714-2733. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00269k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have clarified the influence of the mechanical properties of biomaterials on degradability and cell response, and also mechanical design targets and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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