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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Lu C, Sun D, Kang S, Wang X, Lu L. Reduced Graphene Oxide Fibers Combined with Electrical Stimulation Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2341-2357. [PMID: 38469057 PMCID: PMC10926921 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of long-gap peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is still a substantial clinical problem. Graphene-based scaffolds possess extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristic and can conduct electrical signals, therefore have been investigated for repairing PNI. Combined with electrical stimulation (ES), a well performance should be expected. We aimed to determine the effects of reduced graphene oxide fibers (rGOFs) combined with ES on PNI repair in vivo. Methods rGOFs were prepared by one-step dimensionally confined hydrothermal strategy (DCH). Surface characteristics, chemical compositions, electrical and mechanical properties of the samples were characterized. The biocompatibility of the rGOFs were systematically explored both in vitro and in vivo. Total of 54 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into 6 experimental groups: a silicone conduit (S), S+ES, S+rGOFs-filled conduit (SGC), SGC+ES, nerve autograft, and sham groups for a 10-mm sciatic defect. Functional and histological recovery of the regenerated sciatic nerve at 12 weeks after surgery in each group of SD rats were evaluated. Results rGOFs exhibited aligned micro- and nano-channels with excellent mechanical and electrical properties. They are biocompatible in vitro and in vivo. All 6 groups exhibited PNI repair outcomes in view of neurological and morphological recovery. The SGC+ES group achieved similar therapeutic effects as nerve autograft group (P > 0.05), significantly outperformed other treatment groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of proteins related to axonal regeneration and angiogenesis were relatively higher in the SGC+ES. Conclusion The rGOFs had good biocompatibility combined with excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Combined with ES, the rGOFs provided superior motor nerve recovery for a 10-mm nerve gap in a murine acute transection injury model, indicating its excellent repairing ability. That the similar therapeutic effects as autologous nerve transplantation make us believe this method is a promising way to treat peripheral nerve defects, which is expected to guide clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daokuan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Kang
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Laijin Lu
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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Litowczenko J, Wychowaniec JK, Załęski K, Marczak Ł, Edwards-Gayle CJC, Tadyszak K, Maciejewska BM. Micro/nano-patterns for enhancing differentiation of human neural stem cells and fabrication of nerve conduits via soft lithography and 3D printing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213653. [PMID: 37862812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Topographical cues on materials can manipulate cellular fate, particularly for neural cells that respond well to such cues. Utilizing biomaterial surfaces with topographical features can effectively influence neuronal differentiation and promote neurite outgrowth. This is crucial for improving the regeneration of damaged neural tissue after injury. Here, we utilized groove patterns to create neural conduits that promote neural differentiation and axonal growth. We investigated the differentiation of human neural stem cells (NSCs) on silicon dioxide groove patterns with varying height-to-width/spacing ratios. We hypothesize that NSCs can sense the microgrooves with nanoscale depth on different aspect ratio substrates and exhibit different morphologies and differentiation fate. A comprehensive approach was employed, analyzing cell morphology, neurite length, and cell-specific markers. These aspects provided insights into the behavior of the investigated NSCs and their response to the topographical cues. Three groove-pattern models were designed with varying height-to-width/spacing ratios of 80, 42, and 30 for groove pattern widths of 1 μm, 5 μm, and 10 μm and nanoheights of 80 nm, 210 nm, and 280 nm. Smaller groove patterns led to longer neurites and more effective differentiation towards neurons, whereas larger patterns promoted multidimensional differentiation towards both neurons and glia. We transferred these cues onto patterned polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL-graphene oxide (PCL-GO) composite 'stamps' using simple soft lithography and reproducible extrusion 3D printing methods. The patterned scaffolds elicited a response from NSCs comparable to that of silicon dioxide groove patterns. The smallest pattern stimulated the highest neurite outgrowth, while the middle-sized grooves of PCL-GO induced effective synaptogenesis. We demonstrated the potential for such structures to be wrapped into tubes and used as grafts for peripheral nerve regeneration. Grooved PCL and PCL-GO conduits could be a promising alternative to nerve grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Litowczenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, PL61614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jacek K Wychowaniec
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, PL61614 Poznań, Poland; AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Karol Załęski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, PL61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Tadyszak
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara M Maciejewska
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, PL61614 Poznań, Poland
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Hatshan MR, Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Faisal M, Ahmad J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Shaik MR, Khan M, Wahab R, Matteis VD, Adil SF. Effectiveness of Nonfunctionalized Graphene Oxide Nanolayers as Nanomedicine against Colon, Cervical, and Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119141. [PMID: 37298090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in nanomedicine have intensively explored the prospective applications of surface-tailored graphene oxide (GO) as anticancer entity. However, the efficacy of nonfunctionalized graphene oxide nanolayers (GRO-NLs) as an anticancer agent is less explored. In this study, we report the synthesis of GRO-NLs and their in vitro anticancer potential in breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. GRO-NLs-treated HT-29, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells showed cytotoxicity in the MTT and NRU assays via defects in mitochondrial functions and lysosomal activity. HT-29, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells treated with GRO-NLs exhibited substantial elevations in ROS, disturbances of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an influx of Ca2+, and apoptosis. The qPCR quantification showed the upregulation of caspase 3, caspase 9, bax, and SOD1 genes in GRO-NLs-treated cells. Western blotting showed the depletion of P21, P53, and CDC25C proteins in the above cancer cell lines after GRO-NLs treatment, indicating its function as a mutagen to induce mutation in the P53 gene, thereby affecting P53 protein and downstream effectors P21 and CDC25C. In addition, there may be a mechanism other than P53 mutation that controls P53 dysfunction. We conclude that nonfunctionalized GRO-NLs exhibit prospective biomedical application as a putative anticancer entity against colon, cervical, and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Preliminary In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Antitumoral Activity Evaluation of Graphene Flake and Aqueous Graphene Paste. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020242. [PMID: 35207529 PMCID: PMC8878666 DOI: 10.3390/life12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the in vitro cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of graphene flake (GF) and aqueous graphene paste (AGP) in order to evaluate their potential for application as biomaterials. Furthermore, their antitumor activity against adherent and suspended cells, namely, human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231), and human monocytes from histiocytic lymphoma (U-937), was investigated. The results demonstrated that GF reduced the viability and proliferation of NIH3T3 immortalized murine fibroblasts for concentrations >0.8 µg/mL and incubation times of 48 and 72 h. AGP showed no toxic effects in any of the tested concentrations and incubation times. The same results were obtained for MDA-MB-231 cells. The viability of the U-937 cells was not affected by either GF or AGP. The Ames test showed that GF and AGP were not genotoxic against Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, with and without metabolic activation. The present study demonstrated good in vitro cellular compatibility of GF and AGP and. Among these, AGP was the best material as it did not interfere, at any of the tested concentrations, with cell viability and proliferation for up to 72 h of incubation. In any case, neither material induced alterations to cell morphology and were not mutagenic.
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Gasparotto M, Bellet P, Scapin G, Busetto R, Rampazzo C, Vitiello L, Shah DI, Filippini F. 3D Printed Graphene-PLA Scaffolds Promote Cell Alignment and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031736. [PMID: 35163657 PMCID: PMC8836229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumas and chronic damages can hamper the regenerative power of nervous, muscle, and connective tissues. Tissue engineering approaches are promising therapeutic tools, aiming to develop reliable, reproducible, and economically affordable synthetic scaffolds which could provide sufficient biomimetic cues to promote the desired cell behaviour without triggering graft rejection and transplant failure. Here, we used 3D-printing to develop 3D-printed scaffolds based on either PLA or graphene@PLA with a defined pattern. Multiple regeneration strategies require a specific orientation of implanted and recruited cells to perform their function correctly. We tested our scaffolds with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), neuronal-like cells, immortalised fibroblasts and myoblasts. Our results demonstrated that the specific “lines and ridges” 100 µm-scaffold topography is sufficient to promote myoblast and fibroblast cell alignment and orient neurites along with the scaffolds line pattern. Conversely, graphene is critical to promote cells differentiation, as seen by the iPSC commitment to neuroectoderm, and myoblast fusions into multinuclear myotubes achieved by the 100 µm scaffolds containing graphene. This work shows the development of a reliable and economical 3D-printed scaffold with the potential of being used in multiple tissue engineering applications and elucidates how scaffold micro-topography and graphene properties synergistically control cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gasparotto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Pietro Bellet
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Giorgia Scapin
- Garuda Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Rebecca Busetto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Chiara Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (C.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Libero Vitiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (C.R.); (L.V.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Administrative headquarters University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Inter-Departmental Research Center for Myology (CIR-Myo), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Filippini
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (F.F.)
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6
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Yue C, Ding C, Du X, Wang Y, Su J, Cheng B. Self-assembly of collagen fibrils on graphene oxide and their hybrid nanocomposite films. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:173-182. [PMID: 34687767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the distribution, conformation and interaction of collagen on GO nanosheet surfaces, the mechanism of self-assembly of collagen was investigated in the presence of GO nanosheets. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to observe the conformation of self-assembled collagen fibrils on the GO nanosheets surfaces. The collagen concentration and incubation time mainly affect the size of the collagen fibrils while the pH of the dispersion determines the self-assembly sites of collagen fibrils on the GO nanosheets surfaces. This pH-dependent adsorption is attributed to the interfacial interactions between the tunable ionization of the collagen molecules and the amphiphilic GO nanosheets. Vacuum-assisted self-assembly technology confirmed that GO nanosheets can direct the self-assembly of collagen molecules and form nacre-like nanocomposites. The GO/collagen nanocomposite films combine the remarkable properties of GO nanosheets and collagen to form functional nanocomposites with well-ordered hierarchical structures. Further, strong interfacial interactions between GO nanosheets with collagen fibrils result in enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility of nanocomposite films, which is conducive to enhance the neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Overall, this work provides fresh insight into the interactions between GO and collagen, which is essential for the design and manufacture of bioinspired nanocomposites with tailored mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Changkun Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xuan Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jieliang Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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7
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Rani Aluri E, Gannon E, Singh K, Kolagatla S, Kowiorski K, Shingte S, McKiernan E, Moloney C, McGarry K, Jowett L, Rodriguez BJ, Brougham DF, Wychowaniec JK. Graphene oxide modulates inter-particle interactions in 3D printable soft nanocomposite hydrogels restoring magnetic hyperthermia responses. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:533-544. [PMID: 34971964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels loaded with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles that can be patterned and which controllably induce hyperthermic responses on AC-field stimulation are of interest as functional components of next-generation biomaterials. Formation of nanocomposite hydrogels is known to eliminate any Brownian contribution to hyperthermic response (reducing stimulated heating) while the Néel contribution can also be suppressed by inter-particle dipolar interactions arising from aggregation induced before or during gelation. We describe the ability of graphene oxide (GO) flakes to restore the hyperthermic efficiency of soft printable hydrogels formed using Pluronics F127 and PEGylated magnetic nanoflowers. Here, by varying the amount of GO in mixed nanocomposite suspensions and gels, we demonstrate GO-content dependent recovery of hyperthemic response in gels. This is due to progressively reduced inter-nanoflower interactions mediated by GO, which largely restore the dispersed-state Néel contribution to heating. We suggest that preferential association of GO with the hydrophobic F127 blocks increases the preponderance of cohesive interactions between the hydrophilic blocks and the PEGylated nanoflowers, promoting dispersion of the latter. Finally we demonstrate extrusion-based 3D printing with excellent print fidelity of the magnetically-responsive nanocomposites, for which the inclusion of GO provides significant improvement in the spatially-localized open-coil heating response, rendering the prints viable components for future cell stimulation and delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rani Aluri
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Edward Gannon
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Krutika Singh
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Srikanth Kolagatla
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Krystian Kowiorski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Research Group - Functional Materials, Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sameer Shingte
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin McKiernan
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cara Moloney
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Katie McGarry
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Liam Jowett
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian J Rodriguez
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dermot F Brougham
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jacek K Wychowaniec
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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8
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Huang H, Feng W, Chen Y. Two-dimensional biomaterials: material science, biological effect and biomedical engineering applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11381-11485. [PMID: 34661206 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, nanotechnology has increasingly been identified as a promising and efficient means to address a number of challenges associated with public health. In the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) biomaterials, as a unique nanoplatform with planar topology, have attracted explosive interest in various fields such as biomedicine due to their unique morphology, physicochemical properties and biological effect. Motivated by the progress of graphene in biomedicine, dozens of types of ultrathin 2D biomaterials have found versatile bio-applications, including biosensing, biomedical imaging, delivery of therapeutic agents, cancer theranostics, tissue engineering, as well as others. The effective utilization of 2D biomaterials stems from the in-depth knowledge of structure-property-bioactivity-biosafety-application-performance relationships. A comprehensive summary of 2D biomaterials for biomedicine is still lacking. In this comprehensive review, we aim to concentrate on the state-of-the-art 2D biomaterials with a particular focus on their versatile biomedical applications. In particular, we discuss the design, fabrication and functionalization of 2D biomaterials used for diverse biomedical applications based on the up-to-date progress. Furthermore, the interactions between 2D biomaterials and biological systems on the spatial-temporal scale are highlighted, which will deepen the understanding of the underlying action mechanism of 2D biomaterials aiding their design with improved functionalities. Finally, taking the bench-to-bedside as a focus, we conclude this review by proposing the current crucial issues/challenges and presenting the future development directions to advance the clinical translation of these emerging 2D biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China. .,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China. .,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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Wang X, Guo M, Liu Y, Niu K, Zheng X, Yang Y, Wang P. Reduced Graphene Oxide Fibers for Guidance Growth of Trigeminal Sensory Neurons. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4236-4243. [PMID: 35006836 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurite alignment and elongation play special roles in the treatment of neuron disease, design of tissue engineering implants, and bioelectrodes applications. For instance, the trigeminal neurons (TGNs) free nerve endings are a key component of the pulp-dentin complex. The reinnervation of the pulp canal space requires the recruitment of apically positioned free nerve endings through axonal guidance. Many studies have been carried to develop patterned two-dimensional substrates or three-dimensional scaffolds with aligned topographical structures to guide axonal growth. However, most of the strategies are either complicated/inconvenient in process or time-/cost-sacrifice. One-step dimensionally confined hydrothermal (DCH) technique has been considered an effective and facile approach to fabricate reduced graphene oxide fibers (rGOFs), and the rGOFs have shown significant potential in regulating neural stem cells differentiation toward neurons. Here, inspired by the relationship between the lateral size of GO nanosheets and the electrical conductivity of GO films made from GO sheets as a building block, we fabricated surface conductivity and topography-controlled rGOFs based on the DCH method. Well "self-patterned" directional channel structure of rGOF showed outstanding ability to improve the neurofilament alignment and migration, with the cell deviation angle less than 10° for over 90% of the cells, while a porous surface structure tended to form neuron nets. All of the rGOF possessed excellent cytocompatibility with TGNs. Our results underlined the high degree of alignment of topographical cues in guidance of neurite over high electrical conductivity. The as-prepared rGOFs could be used in many areas including biosensing, electrochemistry, energy, and peripheral or central nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kai Niu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xianliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Ren J, Braileanu G, Gorgojo P, Valles C, Dickinson A, Vijayaraghavan A, Wang T. On the biocompatibility of graphene oxide towards vascular smooth muscle cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:055101. [PMID: 33059341 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc1a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives have shown fascinating potential in biomedical applications. However, the biocompatibility of graphene with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and applications to vascular engineering have not been explored extensively. Using a rat aortic smooth muscle cell line, A7r5, as a VSMC model, we have explored the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the growth and behaviours of VSMCs. Results demonstrated that GO had no obvious toxicity to VSMCs. Cells cultured on GO retained the expression of smooth muscle cell-specific markers CNN1, ACTA2 and SMTN, on both mRNA and protein levels. A wound healing assay demonstrated no effect of GO on cell migration. We also found that small-flaked GO favoured the proliferation of VSMCs, suggesting a potential of using surface chemistry or physical properties of GO to influence cell growth behaviour. These results provide insight into the suitability of GO as a scaffold for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Ren
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - George Braileanu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Gorgojo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Valles
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Dickinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aravind Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Du Z, Wang C, Zhang R, Wang X, Li X. Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Bone Repair: Advantages for Promoting Bone Formation and Providing Real-Time Detection, Challenges and Future Prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7523-7551. [PMID: 33116486 PMCID: PMC7547809 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s271917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During continuous innovation in the preparation, characterization and application of various bone repair materials for several decades, nanomaterials have exhibited many unique advantages. As a kind of representative two-dimensional nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives (GDs) such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have shown promising potential for the application in bone repair based on their excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, large specific surface area (SSA) and atomic structure stability. Herein, we reviewed the updated application of them in bone repair in order to present, as comprehensively, as possible, their specific advantages, challenges and current solutions. Firstly, how their advantages have been utilized in bone repair materials with improved bone formation ability was discussed. Especially, the effects of further functionalization or modification were emphasized. Then, the signaling pathways involved in GDs-induced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and immunomodulatory mechanism of GDs-induced bone regeneration were discussed. On the other hand, their applications as contrast agents in the field of bone repair were summarized. In addition, we also reviewed the progress and related principles of the effects of GDs parameters on cytotoxicity and residues. At last, the future research was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipo Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 072350, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Research and Teaching, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 072350, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Tadyszak K, Wychowaniec JK, Załęski K, Coy E, Majchrzycki Ł, Carmieli R. Tuning Properties of Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide Fibers upon Calcium Doping. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E957. [PMID: 32443522 PMCID: PMC7325576 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of two-dimensional graphene oxide sheets has been shown to influence physico-chemical properties of the final bulk structures. In particular, various graphene oxide microfibers remain of high interest in electronic applications due to their wire-like thin shapes and the ease of hydrothermal fabrication. In this research, we induced the internal ordering of graphene oxide flakes during typical hydrothermal fabrication via doping with Calcium ions (~6 wt.%) from the capillaries. The Ca2+ ions allowed for better graphene oxide flake connections formation during the hydrogelation and further modified the magnetic and electric properties of structures compared to previously studied aerogels. Moreover, we observed the unique pseudo-porous fiber structure and flakes connections perpendicular to the long fiber axis. Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and conductivity measurements confirmed the denser flake ordering compared to previously studied aerogels. These studies ultimately suggest that doping graphene oxide with Ca2+ (or other) ions during hydrothermal methods could be used to better control the internal architecture and thus tune the properties of the formed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Tadyszak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek K. Wychowaniec
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Karol Załęski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Łukasz Majchrzycki
- Center of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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Zielińska-Górska M, Hotowy A, Wierzbicki M, Bałaban J, Sosnowska M, Jaworski S, Strojny B, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Graphene oxide nanofilm and the addition of L-glutamine can promote development of embryonic muscle cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:76. [PMID: 32414365 PMCID: PMC7229609 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formation of muscular pseudo-tissue depends on muscle precursor cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking structure and factors stimulating cell differentiation. These three things cooperate and can create a tissue-like structure, however, their interrelationships are relatively unknown. The objective was to study the interaction between surface properties, culture medium composition and heterogeneous cell culture. We would like to demonstrate that changing the surface properties by coating with graphene oxide nanofilm (nGO) can affect cell behaviour and especially their need for the key amino acid l-glutamine (L-Glu). Results Chicken embryo muscle cells and their precursors, cultured in vitro, were used as the experimental model. The mesenchymal stem cell, collected from the hind limb of the chicken embryo at day 8 were divided into 4 groups; the control group and groups treated with nGO, L-Glu and nGO supplied with L-Glu (nGOxL-Glu). The roughness of the surface of the plastic plate covered with nGO was much lower than a standard plate. The test of nGO biocompatibility demonstrated that the cells were willing to settle on the nGO without any toxic effects. Moreover, nGO by increasing hydrophilicity and reducing roughness and presumably through chemical bonds available on the GO surface stimulated the colonisation of primary stromal cells that promote embryonic satellite cells. The viability significantly increased in cells cultured on nGOxL-Glu. Observations of cell morphology showed that the most mature state of myogenesis was characteristic for the group nGOxL-Glu. This result was confirmed by increasing the expression of MYF5 genes at mRNA and protein levels. nGO also increased the expression of MYF5 and also very strongly the expression of PAX7 at mRNA and protein levels. However, when analysing the expression of PAX7, a positive link was observed between the nGO surface and the addition of L-Glu. Conclusions The use of nGO and L-Glu supplement may improve myogenesis and also the myogenic potential of myocytes and their precursors by promoting the formation of satellite cells. Studies have, for the first time, demonstrated positive cooperation between surface properties nGO and L-Glu supplementation to the culture medium regarding the myogenic potential of cells involved in muscle formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Zielińska-Górska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaśmina Bałaban
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
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Tadyszak K, Musiał A, Ostrowski A, Wychowaniec JK. Unraveling Origins of EPR Spectrum in Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E798. [PMID: 32326319 PMCID: PMC7221827 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures are utilized in a plethora of applications ranging from biomedicine to electronics. Particularly interesting are carbon nanostructured quantum dots that can be simultaneously used for bimodal therapies with both targeting and imaging capabilities. Here, magnetic and optical properties of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) prepared by the top-down technique from graphene oxide and obtained using the Hummers' method were studied. Graphene oxide was ultra-sonicated, boiled in HNO3, ultra-centrifuged, and finally filtrated, reaching a mean flake size of ~30 nm with quantum dot properties. Flake size distributions were obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after consecutive preparation steps. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed that GOQDs were still oxidized after the fabrication procedure. Magnetic and photoluminescence measurements performed on the obtained GOQDs revealed their paramagnetic behavior and broad range optical photoluminescence around 500 nm, with magnetic moments of 2.41 µB. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to separate the unforeseen contributions and typically not taken into account metal contaminations, and radicals from carbon defects. This study contributes to a better understanding of magnetic properties of carbon nanostructures, which could in the future be used for the design of multimodal imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Tadyszak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Musiał
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Ostrowski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
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