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Inal B, Ozengin N, Bakar Y, Ankaralı H, Ozturk Y. Examination of posture and balance in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2023; 16:529-537. [PMID: 36641693 DOI: 10.3233/prm-210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine symptom severity, posture, and balance of children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) and compare to a healthy control group. METHODS Thirty-five children with PMNE and 34 healthy children were included in this study. Physical and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were recorded. Symptom severity was assessed with a Vancouver Non-Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction/Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome Questionnaire (NLUTD/DES), a four-day bladder diary and a seven-day bowel diary. Standing postural alignment was assessed with the Spinal Mouse device, and the sensory integration of static balance and dynamic standing balance was assessed with the Biodex Balance System SD. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, children with PMNE demonstrated increased symptom severity (p = 0.001), increased upright lumbar lordosis (p = 0.018) and sacral-hip angles (p = 0.029), decreased static balance in the sensory condition of unstable surface with eyes closed (p = 0.001), and decreased mediolateral dynamic balance (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION Children with PMNE demonstrate altered postural alignment, static and dynamic postural instability, and greater symptom severity on the Vancouver NLUTD/DES than age-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Inal
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Ozengin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Yesim Bakar
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Handan Ankaralı
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozturk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Huang D, Ke X, Jiang C, Song W, Feng J, Zhou H, Zhang R, Zhang A, Lan F. Effects of 12 weeks of Tai Chi on neuromuscular responses and postural control in elderly patients with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1167957. [PMID: 37188307 PMCID: PMC10176447 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1167957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of 12 weeks of Tai Chi on neuromuscular responses and postural control in elderly patients with sarcopenia. Methods One hundred and twenty-four elderly patients with sarcopenia from ZheJiang Hospital and surrounding communities were selected, however, 64 were later disqualified. Sixty elderly patients with sarcopenia were randomly assigned to the Tai Chi group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30). Both groups received 45-min health education sessions once every 2 weeks for 12 weeks, and the Tai Chi group engaged in 40-min simplified eight-style Tai Chi exercise sessions 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Two assessors who had received professional training and were unaware of the intervention allocation assessed the subjects within 3 days prior to the intervention and within 3 days after completion of the intervention. They chose the unstable platform provided by the dynamic stability test module in ProKin 254 to evaluate the patient's postural control ability. Meanwhile, surface EMG was utilized to assess the neuromuscular response during this period. Results After 12 weeks of intervention, the Tai Chi group showed a significant decrease in neuromuscular response times of the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, anterior tibialis, and gastrocnemius and overall stability index (OSI) compared to before the intervention (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the control group for these indicators before and after intervention (p > 0.05). In addition, these indicators in the Tai Chi group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The changes in neuromuscular response times of the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, anterior tibialis, and gastrocnemius were positively correlated with the changes in OSI (p < 0.05) in the Tai Chi group, but there were no significant correlations between changes in neuromuscular response times of the aforementioned muscles and changes in OSI in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Twelve-weeks of Tai Chi exercise can improve the neuromuscular response of the lower extremities in elderly patients with sarcopenia, shorten their neuromuscular response time when balance is endangered, enhance their dynamic posture control ability, and ultimately reduce the risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunbing Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Ke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The Second Rehabilitation Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatric, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Anren Zhang,
| | - Fujun Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Fujun Lan,
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Glatt DU, McSorley E, Pourshahidi LK, Revuelta Iniesta R, McCluskey J, Beggan L, Slevin M, Gleeson N, Cobice DF, Dobbin S, Magee PJ. Vitamin D Status and Health Outcomes in School Children in Northern Ireland: Year One Results from the D-VinCHI Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040804. [PMID: 35215452 PMCID: PMC8875093 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitamin D status has never been investigated in children in Northern Ireland (UK). (2) Methods: Children (4-11 years) (n = 47) were recruited from November 2019 to March 2020 onto the cross-sectional study. Anthropometry was assessed. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was analysed. Vitamin D intake, parental knowledge and perceptions, participant habits, physical activity and sedentary behaviour were established via questionnaire. Muscle strength was assessed via isometric grip strength dynamometry and balance via dominant single-leg and tandem stance. Parathyroid hormone, bone turnover markers (OC, CTX and P1NP), glycated haemoglobin and inflammatory markers (CRP, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were analysed. (3) Results: Mean (SD) 25(OH)D was 49.17 (17.04) nmol/L (n = 47); 44.7% of the children were vitamin D sufficient (25(OH)D >50 nmol/L), 48.9% were insufficient (25-50 nmol/L) and 6.4% were deficient (<25 nmol/L). 25(OH)D was positively correlated with vitamin D intake (µg/day) (p = 0.012, r = 0.374), spring/summer outdoor hours (p = 0.006, r = 0.402) and dominant grip strength (kg) (p = 0.044, r = 0.317). Vitamin D sufficient participants had higher dietary vitamin D intake (µg/day) (p = 0.021), supplement intake (µg/day) (p = 0.028) and spring/summer outdoor hours (p = 0.015). (4) Conclusion: Over half of the children were vitamin D deficient or insufficient. Wintertime supplementation, the consumption of vitamin D rich foods and spring/summer outdoor activities should be encouraged to minimise the risk of vitamin D inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Ulrike Glatt
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK; (J.M.); (N.G.)
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.U.G.); (R.R.I.); (P.J.M.)
| | - Emeir McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - L. Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Raquel Revuelta Iniesta
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
- Correspondence: (D.U.G.); (R.R.I.); (P.J.M.)
| | - Jane McCluskey
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK; (J.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Laura Beggan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (D.F.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Mary Slevin
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Nigel Gleeson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK; (J.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Diego F. Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (D.F.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Sara Dobbin
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (D.F.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Pamela J. Magee
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.U.G.); (R.R.I.); (P.J.M.)
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Zhai X, Wu Q, Li X, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Fan S, Zhang LQ, Pan Y. Effects of Robot-Aided Rehabilitation on the Ankle Joint Properties and Balance Function in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Neurol 2021; 12:719305. [PMID: 34721259 PMCID: PMC8549728 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.719305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke survivors with impaired control of the ankle due to stiff plantarflexors often experience abnormal posture control, which affects balance and locomotion. Forceful stretching may decrease ankle stiffness and improve balance. Recently, a robot-aided stretching device was developed to decrease ankle stiffness of patient post-stroke, however, their benefits compared to manual stretching exercises have not been done in a randomized controlled trial, and the correlations between the ankle joint biomechanical properties and balance are unclear. Objective: To compare the effects of robot-aided to manual ankle stretching training in stroke survivors with the spastic ankle on the ankle joint properties and balance function post-stroke, and further explore the correlations between the ankle stiffness and balance. Methods: Twenty inpatients post-stroke with ankle spasticity received 20 minutes of stretching training daily over two weeks. The experimental group used a robot-aided stretching device, and the control group received manual stretching. Outcome measures were evaluated before and after training. The primary outcome measure was ankle stiffness. The secondary outcome measures were passive dorsiflexion ranges of motion, dorsiflexor muscle strength, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and the Pro-Kin balance test. Results: After training, two groups showed significantly within-group improvements in dorsiflexor muscle strength, FMA-LE, BBS, MBI (P < 0.05). The between-group comparison showed no significant differences in all outcome measures (P > 0.0025). The experimental group significantly improved in the stiffness and passive range of motion of dorsiflexion, MAS. In the Pro-Kin test, the experimental group improved significantly with eyes closed and open (P < 0.05), but significant improvements were found in the control group only with eyes open (P < 0.05). Dorsiflexion stiffness was positively correlated with the Pro-Kin test results with eyes open and the MAS (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The robot-aided and manual ankle stretching training provided similar significant improvements in the ankle properties and balance post-stroke. However, only the robot-aided stretching training improved spasticity and stiffness of dorsiflexion significantly. Ankle dorsiflexion stiffness was correlated with balance function. Clinical Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2000030108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Senchao Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Promsorn S, Taweetanalarp S. The multi-directional reach test in children with Down syndrome. Hong Kong Physiother J 2021; 41:65-74. [PMID: 34054258 PMCID: PMC8158406 DOI: 10.1142/s1013702521500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the limits of stability (LOS) and the movement patterns during reaching by applying the Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT) in children with Down syndrome (DS) aged 7–12 years old. Methods: Thirty children with DS and 30 age and gender typical development (TD) matched children, aged 7–12 years old were recruited. Each child was asked to reach as far as possible during standing in four directions using a self-selected movement pattern. The movement patterns were classified by two experienced pediatric physical therapists. Results: The reach distance in children with DS aged 7–9 years old was significantly shorter than TD children aged 7–9 years old for the forward and backward directions. Also, the reach distance in DS children aged 7–9 years old was significantly smaller than that of TD children aged 10–12 years old for all directions. For children with DS aged 10–12 years old, the reach distance was significantly less than that of TD children only in the backward direction. All children with DS in this study adopt a hip and mixed strategy during forward and backward reaching. In contrast, TD children adopt an adult-like movement pattern. Conclusion: The boundary of stability in an anteroposterior (AP) direction of children with DS aged 7–12 years old was lesser than the matched TD children, especially for the backward direction. These findings may assist therapists in detecting postural control and balance problems in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawika Promsorn
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Soontharee Taweetanalarp
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Al-Rasheed AS, Ibrahim AI. Does the poor sleep quality affect the physical activity level, postural stability, and isometric muscle strength in Saudi adolescents? A comparative study. Saudi Med J 2020; 41:94-97. [PMID: 31915801 PMCID: PMC7001073 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.1.24761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare physical activity, postural stability, and muscle strength in Saudi adolescents with normal and poor sleep quality. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 62 Saudi adolescents between December 2017 and April 2018 at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Participants were classified into 2 equal groups; one with normal sleep (NS) and the other with poor sleep (PS). TecnoBody balance system was used to measure postural stability, ActiGraph to assess physical activity, and hand dynamometer and pinch gauge to assess hand grip and key pinch strength respectively. Results: At low platform stability, PS group showed poorer postural stability indices than NS group either with eyes opened or closed (p less than 0.05). ActiGraph data revealed that the physical activity parameters including the total steps count, total activities count, activity rate, and the vigorous activity time were significantly lower in PS group (p less than 0.05). The PS group had significantly more total sedentary time than the NS group. Muscle strength parameters did not show any significant difference between groups (p greater than 0.05). Conclusion: Poor sleep significantly impaired postural stability and physical activity in Saudi adolescents. However, poor sleep had no effect on their isometric muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal S Al-Rasheed
- King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Sember V, Grošelj J, Pajek M. Balance Tests in Pre-Adolescent Children: Retest Reliability, Construct Validity, and Relative Ability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155474. [PMID: 32751279 PMCID: PMC7432309 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balance is an essential prerequisite for the normal physical development of a child. It consists of the ability to maintain the body’s centre of mass over its base of support, which is enabled by automatic postural adjustments, and maintain posture and stability in various conditions and activities. The present study aimed to determine the measurement characteristics (reliability and concurrent validity) and the relative ability of balance tests and different motor tests in healthy 11-year-olds. We also evaluated the impact of vision on balance ability. Our results showed high interrater reliability (from 0.810 to 0.910) and confirmed the construct validity of the included balance tests. Girls performed significantly better than boys in laboratory tandem stance in following balance components: total sway path with eyes open (BSEO) (t = 2.68, p = 0.01, effect size (ES) = 0.81), total body sway with eyes closed of centre of pressure (CoP) displacement in the a-p direction (BSEC) (t = 1.86, p = 0.07, ES = 0.57), mean velocity of CoP displacements (VEO) (t = 2.67, p = 0.01, ES = 0.83), mean amplitude of CoP displacements in the a-p direction (AapEO) (t = 3.38. p = 0.00, ES = 1.01) and in mean amplitude of CoP displacements in the m-l direction (AmlEO) (t = 3.68, p = 0.00, ES = 1.19). With eyes closed, girls performed significantly better (t = 2.28, p = 0.03, ES = 0.70) than boys did in the mean amplitude of COP displacements in the a-p direction (AapEO) and significantly better (t = 2.37, p = 0.03, ES = 0.71) in the mean amplitude of COP displacements in the m-l direction (AmlEC). Insignificant correlations between different balance tests, except for a correlation between the flamingo test and one-leg stance on a low beam (r = 0.558, p < 0.01), show that each test assesses different aspects of balance ability; therefore, balance cannot be assessed with a single test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Sember
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Janja Grošelj
- Elementary School Spodnja Idrija, 5280 Idrija, Slovenia;
| | - Maja Pajek
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-41-794-658
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Bataweel EA, Ibrahim AI. Balance and musculoskeletal flexibility in children with obesity: a cross-sectional study. Ann Saudi Med 2020; 40:120-125. [PMID: 32241174 PMCID: PMC7118234 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the influence of obesity on different physical parameters such as postural balance and musculoskeletal flexibility are limited and have reported varying results. OBJECTIVES Measure effect of childhood obesity on balance and musculoskeletal flexibility in Saudi children. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Physiotherapy laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included a representative sample of Saudi elementary school children selected from a convenience sample of 150 children. Balance was examined using the Biodex balance system. Calf muscle flexibility was measured by the weight-bearing ankle lunge test while the chest flexibility was measured by the chest expansion test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postural stability indices and flexibility parameters. SAMPLE SIZE 90 elementary school children aged 6 to 11 years, 47 of normal weight and 43 obese children. RESULTS All stability indices at different stability levels were significantly impaired in children with obesity ( P≤.05). In terms of musculo-skeletal flexibility, the weight-bearing lunge test distance was shorter in children with obesity ( P=.01). In the chest expansion test, there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P=.32). CONCLUSIONS Postural balance at different stability levels was impaired in children with obesity and in all planes. The calf muscles were less flexible in obese children. LIMITATIONS Unblinded, convenience sample so findings are not generalizable. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essraa A Bataweel
- From the Department of Physiotherapy, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa I Ibrahim
- From the Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Moment A, Semenov D, Golubkov V, Mushtukova O, Semyonova M. Evaluating the validity of diagnostic methods for scoliotic posture of primary school children. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary school children are exposed to asymmetric loads that lead to an imbalance of postural muscles and a violation of the body relative symmetry. Mass screening examinations in schools for scoliotic posture and scoliosis are conducted primarily through the Adams test. It has low reproducibility and a high frequency of false negative results. In practice, various methods for diagnosing posture disorders are also used. Some methods are based on the evaluation of postural muscles static endurance, elasticity and proportionality of their functional capabilities. Others are based on a comprehensive assessment of the ability to maintain an upright posture rationally. The third ones are based on the analysis of the tonic vibration and H-reflex of skeletal muscles on both sides of the vertebral column. All the above mentioned methods definitely have diagnostic potential. Therefore it was decided to determine the validity of some common methods for diagnosing posture disorders based on the analysis of their mutual congruence. Based on the results of the experiment, a reliable correlation between the studied parameters was established. It in turn allows us to judge the congruence of the considered diagnostic methods and, accordingly, the high probability of their validity.
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Hirunyaphinun B, Taweetanalarp S, Tantisuwat A. Relationships between lower extremity strength and the multi-directional reach test in children aged 7 to 12 years. Hong Kong Physiother J 2019; 39:143-150. [PMID: 31889765 PMCID: PMC6900330 DOI: 10.1142/s1013702519500136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the relationships between the Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT) and lower extremity strength in typical children. Methods The MDRT including forward, backward, leftward, and rightward directions was measured in 60 children aged between 7 and 12 years old with typical development. The lower extremity muscle groups were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results The reaching score in each direction had positive relationships with the strengths of several lower extremity muscle groups ( r = 0 . 26 to 0 . 52 , p < 0 . 05 ) . Only the strengths of the hip flexor and knee flexor muscles significantly correlated with the MDRT scores in all directions ( r = 0 . 26 to 0 . 50 , p < 0 . 05 ) . Conclusion This study highlights the strength of the hip and knee flexor muscle groups as being important domain to control balance in all directions. These findings may be used for therapists in planning a balance program to improve the limits of stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Hirunyaphinun
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Soontharee Taweetanalarp
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anong Tantisuwat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Kiss R, Schedler S, Muehlbauer T. Associations Between Types of Balance Performance in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1366. [PMID: 30323769 PMCID: PMC6172339 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify and statistically compare correlations between types of balance performance in healthy individuals across the lifespan. Methods: Literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Studies were included if they investigated healthy individuals aged ≥6 years and reported measures of static/dynamic steady-state, proactive, and/or reactive balance. The included studies were coded as follows: age group, gender, and balance type, test, parameter. Pearson's correlation coefficients were extracted, transformed (i.e., Fisher's z-transformed r z -value), aggregated (i.e., weighted mean r z -value), back-transformed to r-values, classified according to their magnitude, and statistically compared. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: We detected twenty-six studies that examined associations between types of balance and exclusively found small-sized correlations, irrespective of the age group considered. More specifically, the weighted mean r z-values amounted to 0.61 (back-transformed r-value: 0.54) in old adults for the correlation of dynamic steady-state with proactive balance. For correlations between dynamic and static steady-state balance, the weighted mean r z-values amounted to 0.09 in children (r-value: 0.09) and to 0.32 in old adults (r-value: 0.31). Further, correlations of proactive with static steady-state balance revealed weighted mean r z-values of 0.24 (r-value: 0.24) in young adults and of 0.31 (r-value: 0.30) in old adults. Additionally, correlations between reactive and static steady-state balance yielded weighted mean r z-values of 0.21 (r-value: 0.21) in young adults and of 0.19 (r-value: 0.19) in old adults. Moreover, significantly different correlation coefficients (z = 8.28, p < 0.001) were only found for the association between dynamic and static steady-state balance in children (r = 0.09) compared to old adults (r = 0.31). Lastly, we detected trivial to considerable heterogeneity (i.e., 0% ≤ I2 ≤ 83%) between studies. Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed exclusively small-sized correlations between types of balance performance across the lifespan. This indicates that balance performance seems to be task-specific rather than a "general ability." Further, our results suggest that for assessment/training purposes a test battery/multiple exercises should be used that include static/dynamic steady-state, proactive, and reactive types of balance. Concerning the observed significant age differences, further research is needed to investigate whether they are truly existent or if they are caused by methodological inconsistencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kiss
- Department of Health and Social Affairs, FHM Bielefeld-University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Schedler
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Celebi F, Hologlu F, Akbulut S, Bicakci AA. Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Head Posture, Postural Stability, and Fall Risk. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/apos.apos_64_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on head posture, postural stability, and fall risk.
Materials and Methods
A sample of 51 adolescent patients was randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, which consisted of 28 patients (15 females and 13 males), RME was performed as a part of routine orthodontic treatment. The remaining 23 individuals (12 females and 11 males) served as the control group. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken in natural head position, postural stability, and fall risk scores were obtained during the first visit. They were repeated on average 3.8 months and 3.5 months later for the study and control groups, respectively. The changes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and independent samples t-test.
Results
As a result of RME, a statistically significant decrease was detected in the fall risk score (P < 0.05) in the study group, while the head position and postural stability remained unchanged. For the control group, no significant changes were observed in all measurements.
Conclusions
The result of the present study suggests that RME has a capacity of improving fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Celebi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Feyza Hologlu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Sibel Akbulut
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ali Altug Bicakci
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Youssef EF, Shanb AAE. Supervised Versus Home Exercise Training Programs on Functional Balance in Older Subjects. Malays J Med Sci 2016; 23:83-93. [PMID: 28090182 PMCID: PMC5181995 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2016.23.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a progressive decline in physical capabilities and a disturbance of both postural control and daily living activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supervised versus home exercise programs on muscle strength, balance and functional activities in older participants. METHODS Forty older participants were equally assigned to a supervised exercise program (group-I) or a home exercise program (group-II). Each participant performed the exercise program for 35-45 minutes, two times per week for four months. Balance indices and isometric muscle strength were measured with the Biodex Balance System and Hand-Held Dynamometer. Functional activities were evaluated by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the timed get-up-and-go test (TUG). RESULTS The mean values of the Biodex balance indices and the BBS improved significantly after both the supervised and home exercise programs (P < 0.05). However, the mean values of the TUG and muscle strength at the ankle, knee and hip improved significantly only after the supervised program. A comparison between the supervised and home exercise programs revealed there were only significant differences in the BBS, TUG and muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Both the supervised and home exercise training programs significantly increased balance performance. The supervised program was superior to the home program in restoring functional activities and isometric muscle strength in older participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Fawzy Youssef
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Alkhobar, Dammam City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alsayed Abd elhameed Shanb
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Alkhobar, Dammam City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Muehlbauer T, Gollhofer A, Granacher U. Associations Between Measures of Balance and Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength/Power in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2016; 45:1671-92. [PMID: 26412212 PMCID: PMC4656701 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has frequently been reported that balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power are associated with sports-related and everyday activities. Knowledge about the relationship between balance, strength, and power are important for the identification of at-risk individuals because deficits in these neuromuscular components are associated with an increased risk of sustaining injuries and falls. In addition, this knowledge is of high relevance for the development of specifically tailored health and skill-related exercise programs. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis were to characterize and, if possible, quantify associations between variables of balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power in healthy individuals across the lifespan. DATA SOURCES A computerized systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus up to March 2015 to capture all relevant articles. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 996 articles identified for initial review. Studies were included only if they investigated healthy individuals aged ≥6 years and tested at least one measure of static steady-state balance (e.g., center of pressure [CoP] displacement during one-legged stance), dynamic steady-state balance (e.g., gait speed), proactive balance (e.g., distance in the functional-reach-test), or reactive balance (e.g., CoP displacement during perturbed one-legged stance), and one measure of maximal strength (e.g., maximum voluntary contraction), explosive force (e.g., rate of force development), or muscle power (e.g., jump height). In total, 37 studies met the inclusionary criteria for review. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The included studies were coded for the following criteria: age (i.e., children: 6-12 years, adolescents: 13-18 years, young adults: 19-44 years, middle-aged adults: 45-64 years, old adults: ≥65 years), sex (i.e., female, male), and test modality/outcome (i.e., test for the assessment of balance, strength, and power). Studies with athletes, patients, and/or people with diseases were excluded. Pearson's correlation coefficients were extracted, transformed (i.e., Fisher's z-transformed r z value), aggregated (i.e., weighted mean r z value), back-transformed to r values, classified according to their magnitude (i.e., small: r ≤ 0.69, medium: r ≤ 0.89, large: r ≥ 0.90), and, if possible, statistically compared. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and Chi-squared (χ2) statistics. RESULTS Three studies examined associations between balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power in children, one study in adolescents, nine studies in young adults, three studies in middle-aged adults, and 23 studies in old adults. Overall, small-sized associations were found between variables of balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power, irrespective of the age group considered. In addition, small-sized but significantly larger correlation coefficients were found between measures of dynamic steady-state balance and maximal strength in children (r = 0.57) compared with young (r = 0.09, z = 3.30, p = 0.001) and old adults (r = 0.35, z = 2.94, p = 0.002) as well as in old compared with young adults (z = 1.95, p = 0.03). LIMITATIONS Even though the reported results provided further insight into the associations between measures of balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power, they did not allow us to deduce cause and effect relations. Further, the investigated associations could be biased by other variables such as joint flexibility, muscle mass, and/or auditory/visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed predominately small-sized correlations between measures of balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power in children, adolescents, and young, middle-aged, and old adults. This indicates that these neuromuscular components are independent of each other and should therefore be tested and trained complementarily across the lifespan. Significantly larger but still small-sized associations were found between measures of dynamic steady-state balance and maximal strength in children compared with young and old adults as well as in old compared with young adults. These findings imply that age/maturation may have an impact on the association of selected components of balance and lower-extremity muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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Mitchell UH, Johnson AW, Adamson B. Relationship between functional movement screen scores, core strength, posture, and body mass index in school children in Moldova. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1172-9. [PMID: 25719919 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of functionality should include parameters that consider postural control, limb asymmetries, range of motion limitations, proprioceptive deficits, and pain. An increasingly popular battery of tests, the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), is purported to assess the above named parameters. The purpose of our study was twofold: (a) to report differences in total FMS scores in children, provide preliminary normative reference values of each of the 7 individual FMS scores for both genders and report on asymmetries and (b) to evaluate the relationship between total FMS scores, age, body mass index (BMI), core strength/stability, and postural angles to explore the possibility of using the FMS in the assessment of children's functional fitness. Descriptive data on 77 children aged 8-11 years were collected. The children performed core strength/stability exercises. Photographs were taken from a lateral view for later calculation of postural angles. The children performed the FMS while being videotaped for later review. The average total FMS score (of 21) was 14.9 (+1.9), and BMI was 16.4 (+2.2). Static posture is not related to results of the FMS. Core strength was positively correlated to the total FMS score (r = 0.31; p = 0.006). Over 60% demonstrated at least 1 asymmetry. The individual test scores indicate that none of the test items is too difficult for the children. Based on the screen's correlation to core strength, and the fact that it identifies areas of asymmetry, we suggest to further investigate its possible use in the assessment of children's functional fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike H Mitchell
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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Lee BH, Lee HR, Kim KM, Lee JH, Kim KY. Effects of spiral taping applied to the neck and ankle on the body balance index. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:79-82. [PMID: 25642043 PMCID: PMC4305604 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the changes in the body balance index
when spiral taping is applied to the neck and ankle. The findings are expected to serve as
evidence of the usefulness of taping the neck instead of the ankle when ankle taping is
not feasible in clinical practice. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy male students at
A university were enrolled in this study. Balance measurements were made under three
conditions: no intervention, ankle intervention and neck intervention. Static balance was
measured with subjects’ eyes open and closed, and dynamic balance was measured with
subjects’ eyes closed. [Results] There were significant differences in dynamic balance
assessed by the Overall Balance Index (OBI), and the Anteroposterior Balance Index (ABI)
with subjects’ eyes open when ankle or neck taping was applied compared to no
intervention. The static balance (OBI) of subjects with eyes open showed significant
differences from the no intervention condition in both the ankle and neck intervention.
The static balance (OBI) with subjects’ eyes closed also showed significant differences in
both the ankle and neck interventions compared to the no intervention condition.
[Conclusion] Our results indicate that neck taping stimulates the somatic senses around
the neck and increase proprioception, resulting in balance improvement similar to that
elicited by ankle taping. Further studies with larger sample sizes various experimental
conditions should be performed to more systematically and objectively elucidate the
effects of neck taping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hoon Lee
- Group of Industry Academy Cooperation, Chunnam Techno University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chunnam Techno University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Mi Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyung Yoon Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University, Republic of Korea
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