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Montarroyos ECL, Nakano EY, Bousquet-Santos K. Analysis of nutrient intake and dietary adequacy on weekdays and weekends among undergraduate students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1120-1126. [PMID: 35549621 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2068957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To comparatively analyze nutrient intake and dietary adequacy on weekdays (WKDs) and weekends (WKNs) among undergraduate students. Participants: University students (N = 210), 18-30 years old. Methods: A two-day food record was used. Intake of energy, macronutrients, micronutrients and fiber were calculated, without and with an adjustment for 2000 kcal of energy and compared to the corresponding nutritional requirements. Results: Energy and macronutrients' intake was higher on WKNs (1,776.84 ± 40.68 vs. 2,025.76 ± 52.46 kcal; p < .05). There was a high predominance of hypocaloric diet on both WKDs (72%) and WKNs (57%). A low prevalence (<50%) of favorable intake level of most micronutrients and fiber was found on WKDs, WKNs, or both. There was a lower favorable intake of vitamins A, C, iron, and magnesium on WKNs, after adjusting for 2000 kcal. Conclusion: Undergraduate students showed an unfavorable nutrient intake and poor dietary quality on WKNs. Interventions that promote healthy eating are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C L Montarroyos
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technologies in Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Y Nakano
- Department of Statistics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Kelb Bousquet-Santos
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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JohnBritto JS, Di Ciaula A, Noto A, Cassano V, Sciacqua A, Khalil M, Portincasa P, Bonfrate L. Gender-specific insights into the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology. Focus on gut dysbiosis and permeability. Eur J Intern Med 2024:S0953-6205(24)00105-5. [PMID: 38467533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder involving the brain-gut interaction. IBS is characterized by persistent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. IBS exerts significant impacts on quality of life and imposes huge economic costs. Global epidemiological data reveal variations in IBS prevalence, both globally and between genders, necessitating comprehensive studies to uncover potential societal and cultural influences. While the exact pathophysiology of IBS remains incompletely understood, the mechanism involves a dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, leading to disturbed intestinal motility, local inflammation, altered intestinal permeability, visceral sensitivity, and gut microbiota composition. We reviewed several gender-related pathophysiological aspects of IBS pathophysiology, by focusing on gut dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. This perspective paves the way to personalized and multidimensional clinical management of individuals with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerlin Stephy JohnBritto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Noto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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3
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Tao Y, Wall M, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D, Winpenny EM. Changes in diet quality across life transitions from adolescence to early adulthood: a latent growth analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.14.24302819. [PMID: 38405956 PMCID: PMC10889009 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.24302819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Adolescence to early adulthood is a period of multiple education-, employment- and family-related life transitions. Changing resources and food environments within the context of these transitions could contribute to significant changes in diet, which persist into later adulthood. This study investigated diet quality trajectories from age 15 to 31 years and changes in diet quality associated with life transitions, by sex. Methods Data from the Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) study were used to examine diet quality among a longitudinal cohort (n=2,524) across four waves (mean ages of 15, 19, 25 and 31 years). Diet quality was evaluated using the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) index. Life transitions were assessed by changes in life circumstances between pairs of waves, including leaving the parental home, leaving full-time education, beginning full-time employment, cohabitating with a partner, and becoming a parent. Average within-person changes in DASH scores were analysed by sex-specific latent growth models, incorporating underlying growth trajectories, five life transitions and baseline socio-demographic characteristics. Results Both sexes followed a quadratic trajectory of DASH scores, showing decreases in diet quality from waves 1 to 2 followed by increases until wave 4. Compared to females, males had worse diet quality at wave 1, and this sex difference widened at wave 4. Leaving the parental home between waves 1 and 2 was associated with transient decreases in diet quality at wave 2 only for males. For females, cohabitating with a partner and becoming a parent between waves 3 and 4 were respectively related to decreases and increases in diet quality at wave 4. Leaving full-time education and starting full-time employment respectively had long-term negative and positive associations with diet quality for both sexes. Conclusions Diet quality remained suboptimal throughout adolescence but to some extent improved across early adulthood. A sex-sensitive approach in public health policy is welcome for addressing sex differences in diet quality and dietary changes associated with family-related life transitions. Targeted dietary interventions are beneficial for young people who leave their parental home early or who do not enter into a structured school or workplace environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Tao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, the United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY 10032, New York, the United States
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, Minneapolis, the United States
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, Minneapolis, the United States
| | - Eleanor M Winpenny
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, the United Kingdom
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4
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Barrea L, Verde L, Suárez R, Frias-Toral E, Vásquez CA, Colao A, Savastano S, Muscogiuri G. Sex-differences in Mediterranean diet: a key piece to explain sex-related cardiovascular risk in obesity? A cross-sectional study. J Transl Med 2024; 22:44. [PMID: 38200498 PMCID: PMC10782790 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediterranean Diet (MD) has many health benefits, particularly in reducing cardiovascular risk (CVR). However, it is still little known if there are any sex differences in following this nutritional pattern and, thus, the potential sex-related repercussions on CVR in obesity. The study aimed to characterize sex-related adherence to MD and its association with CVR factors in subjects with obesity. METHODS A total of 968 females (33.81 ± 11.06 years; BMI 34.14 ± 7.43 kg/m2) and 680 males (aged 34.77 ± 11.31years; BMI 33.77 ± 8.13 kg/m2) were included in a cross-sectional observational study. Lifestyle habits, anthropometric parameters, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adherence to MD were evaluated. RESULTS Females had significantly higher adherence to MD and lower hs-CRP levels than males (p < 0.001). Additionally, females consumed significantly more vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish/seafood, nuts, and sofrito sauce and less quantity of olive oil, butter, cream, margarine, red/processed meats, soda drinks (p = 0.001), red wine, and commercial sweets and confectionery than their counterparts. A PREDIMED score of ≤ 6 was associated with a significantly increased CVR in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Females had higher adherence to MD, lower CVR, and different food preferences than males. Although the same PREDIMED threshold has been identified as a spy of CVR, the sex-related preference of individual foods included in the MD could explain the different impact of this nutritional pattern on CVR in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy.
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Suárez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, 110107, Ecuador
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil, 090615, Ecuador
| | - Celina Andrade Vásquez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, 110107, Ecuador
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Morales G, Balboa-Castillo T, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Garrido-Miguel M, Guidoni CM, Sirtoli R, Mesas AE, Rodrigues R. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Chilean university students: a cross-sectional study. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00206722. [PMID: 37971096 PMCID: PMC10645059 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen206722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its food groups with depressive symptoms in Chilean university students. The study design was cross-sectional. A total of 934 first-year students at a Chilean public university completed a self-report questionnaire. To assess adherence to Mediterranean diet, an index validated in Chile (Chilean-MDI) was used, and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were assessed using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of adherence to Mediterranean diet and its food groups with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms adjusted for the main confounders. Students with moderate and high adherence to Mediterranean diet showed lower odds of depression [DASS-21 > 5, odds ratio (OR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.47-0.88] than those with low adherence to Mediterranean diet. The consumption of 1-2 servings/day of vegetables (OR = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.43-0.92), > 2 servings/week of nuts (OR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.21-0.80), 1-2 servings/day of fruits (OR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.42-0.85), 1-2 servings/week of fish and seafood (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.48-0.94), and 1/2-3 units/week of avocado (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.48-0.93) showed low odds of depressive symptoms. The consumption of whole grains and cereals (> 2 servings/day) (OR = 1.63; 95%CI: 1.02-2.61) showed the opposite association. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, avocado, fish, and seafood are associated with a lower likelihood of depression in Chilean university students. New policies and educational strategies are recommended to improve diet quality and the mental health of the entire university community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Morales
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | | | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, España
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, España
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Cirzi C, Dyckow J, Legrand C, Schott J, Guo W, Perez Hernandez D, Hisaoka M, Parlato R, Pitzer C, van der Hoeven F, Dittmar G, Helm M, Stoecklin G, Schirmer L, Lyko F, Tuorto F. Queuosine-tRNA promotes sex-dependent learning and memory formation by maintaining codon-biased translation elongation speed. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112507. [PMID: 37609797 PMCID: PMC10548180 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Queuosine (Q) is a modified nucleoside at the wobble position of specific tRNAs. In mammals, queuosinylation is facilitated by queuine uptake from the gut microbiota and is introduced into tRNA by the QTRT1-QTRT2 enzyme complex. By establishing a Qtrt1 knockout mouse model, we discovered that the loss of Q-tRNA leads to learning and memory deficits. Ribo-Seq analysis in the hippocampus of Qtrt1-deficient mice revealed not only stalling of ribosomes on Q-decoded codons, but also a global imbalance in translation elongation speed between codons that engage in weak and strong interactions with their cognate anticodons. While Q-dependent molecular and behavioral phenotypes were identified in both sexes, female mice were affected more severely than males. Proteomics analysis confirmed deregulation of synaptogenesis and neuronal morphology. Together, our findings provide a link between tRNA modification and brain functions and reveal an unexpected role of protein synthesis in sex-dependent cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Cirzi
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Julia Dyckow
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for NeurosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Carine Legrand
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Johanna Schott
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH)DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Wei Guo
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH)DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | | | - Miharu Hisaoka
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH)DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational NeurosciencesHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core (INBC), Medical Faculty HeidelbergHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science (IPBS)Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH)DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for NeurosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience and Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Francesca Tuorto
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH)DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
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Egele VS, Klopp E, Stark R. Evaluating self-reported retrospective average daily fruit, vegetable, and egg intake: Trustworthy-Sometimes! Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1130-1149. [PMID: 36509422 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retrospective self-reports are commonly used to assess dietary intake. Yet, their use is criticized as it is unclear whether the underlying assumptions for valid self-reports are met: Individuals have to consider the behavior of all days in the retention interval and weigh the behavior of all days equally. This study examines whether these assumptions for retrospective self-reports are met and whether interindividual differences in self-report performance are relevant regarding these assumptions. Ninety-two participants aged 18-61 years participated in seven sequential 24-h recalls and one retrospective 7-day recall concerning their intake of fruit, vegetables, and eggs. A multiple linear regression approach was used to examine the relation between the daily reported dietary intake and the 7-day recall. In the overall sample, the requirements for retrospective self-reports were not tenable. Distinguishing good and poor self-reporters based on a rational criterion showed that the requirements can be taken as given for good self-reporters, whereas poor self-reporters base their retrospective self-reports mostly on recency effects. The underlying requirements for retrospective self-reports appear to be met in two thirds of the sample, supporting the use of retrospective self-reports to capture dietary behavior. Future research should investigate characteristics separating good from poor self-reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria S Egele
- Department of Educational Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eric Klopp
- Department of Educational Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robin Stark
- Department of Educational Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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8
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Mehta M, Izurieta R, Nishio A, Horita R, Yamamoto M. Nutritional intake and metabolic parameters of Japanese university students with and without obesity: Sex-specific differences. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285088. [PMID: 37134079 PMCID: PMC10155953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish effective methods of obesity prevention among young adults, we analyzed the relationship between obesity-related food intake and metabolic factors in Japanese university students. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of nutrient intake information and metabolic parameters among 1,206 Gifu University students categorized by body mass index. RESULTS The overweight/obesity rate was significantly higher in males. Additionally, among males, the intake of protein, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, all lipids/fats, and all metabolic parameters including blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and blood pressure significantly differed between the obese and non-obese groups. However, the same comparison among females revealed no significant differences in nutrient intake and significant differences in only half of the parameters. Among males, energy intake from protein and fat was significantly higher in the obese group, while the percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrates and fat was lower and higher, respectively, among females in the obese group. CONCLUSIONS Overeating of protein and fat in males and unbalanced nutrition in females are sex-specific characteristics of Japanese university students with obesity, and metabolic abnormalities in students with obesity are more remarkable in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausam Mehta
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Izurieta
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Akihiro Nishio
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Horita
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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9
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Gil M, Rudy M, Stanisławczyk R, Duma-Kocan P, Żurek J. Gender Differences in Eating Habits of Polish Young Adults Aged 20-26. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15280. [PMID: 36429998 PMCID: PMC9690896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the nutritional behaviour of young adults depending on gender. A survey was conducted among 467 young adults using the "Questionnaire for the study of nutritional behaviour and opinions on food and nutrition". Questions concerned the frequency of consumption of selected groups of food products. The questionnaire was supplemented by questions regarding the number of portions of fruits and vegetables consumed, putting sugar in drinks, putting salt in dishes and the number of glasses of water drunk. Differences in nutritional behaviours were determined using the χ2 test, at p < 0.05. The dietary choices of women more often than those of men corresponded to the principles of healthy nutrition, related to a greater number of meals consumed during the day, more frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables and the selection of products with lower energy value or preferring healthier methods of culinary processing. Health education programs should prevent the emergence of unfavourable dietary habits such as skipping breakfast or other meals or limiting the consumption of fruits and vegetables and frequently replacing them with high-energy snacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Gil
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Commodity Science, Institute of Food and Nutrition Technology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mariusz Rudy
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Commodity Science, Institute of Food and Nutrition Technology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Renata Stanisławczyk
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Commodity Science, Institute of Food and Nutrition Technology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paulina Duma-Kocan
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Commodity Science, Institute of Food and Nutrition Technology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Jagoda Żurek
- Department of Financial Markets and Public Finance, Institute of Economics and Finance, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
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10
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Bin Zarah A, Schneider ST, Andrade JM. Association between Dietary Habits, Food Attitudes, and Food Security Status of US Adults since March 2020: A Cross-Sectional Online Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214636. [PMID: 36364896 PMCID: PMC9658187 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since COVID-19, global reports indicate changes in dietary habits and food security status of the population. As a follow-up to an earlier study conducted in 2020, the purpose of this online cross-sectional study was to examine food security and food attitudes and their subsequent impact on dietary habits since March 2020 and potential associations with demographics, health characteristics and lifestyle habits on dietary habits. Participants (n = 2036) responded to a 71-item online survey conducted between February−March 2022. Frequency counts and percentages were tabulated, and multivariate linear regressions were conducted to examine associations. Results showed that most participants indicated no change in dietary habits (45.9−88.8%) for the listed food and beverage items. A significant positive association for food attitudes scores (1.11, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.29; p < 0.001) and food security scores (0.53, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.71; p < 0.001) on total dietary habits was found. Further, significant positive associations were seen with various health characteristics such as medical conditions (p = 0.01) and lifestyle habits such as preparing meals at home (p < 0.001). A negative association was observed with females on total dietary habits (p < 0.001). It is necessary to encourage adults in the US to maintain the positive dietary and lifestyle habits they acquired since March 2020 in their daily living. Future studies should investigate the impact these habits have on their health long-term and sustained positive dietary and lifestyle habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljazi Bin Zarah
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sydney T Schneider
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeanette Mary Andrade
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-294-3975
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11
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Martinez-Perez N, Telleria-Aramburu N, Insúa P, Hernández I, Telletxea S, Ansotegui L, Rebato E, Basabe N, de Pancorbo MM, Rocandio A, Arroyo-Izaga M. On-campus food purchase behaviors, choice determinants, and opinions on food availability in a Spanish university community. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111789. [PMID: 35964438 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate food purchasing behaviors, choice determinants, and opinions about on-campus food availability by a university community and to analyze differences in these aspects between students, education and/or research staff (ERS), and administrative and services staff (ASS), and between males and females. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that involved a representative sample of students (n = 1089), ERS (n = 396), and ASS (n = 300) who completed an anonymous online survey. A previously adapted version of the questionnaire was administered. The results were weighted to ensure representativeness of this community population using weighted coefficients. RESULTS The results showed that most of the participants purchased food on campus (91.6%), especially for lunch (67.4% of foods and 37.4% of drinks) and snack (65.4% of foods and 45.4% of drinks). Hot drinks (i.e., coffee, tea, hot chocolate etc.; 60.5%), bottled water (49.2%), and hot foods (i.e., small servings [38.2%] and sandwiches/hamburgers [31.7%]) were the most purchased items. Taste (98.6%) was the most important determinant in choice, followed by price for students, nutritional value for ASS, and health value for ERS. The "top 5" opinions suggested for the campus food environment and potential changes were "greater capacity to access free filtered drinking water", "greater capacity to recycle food packaging," "more healthy options in vending machines", "discounts for healthy choices," and "allergen labeling." CONCLUSION Interventions that improve sustainability and the affordability of products with high nutritional quality, price-manipulation directives, and allergen information on labeling would be well received among this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Martinez-Perez
- Department of Nursing I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Nerea Telleria-Aramburu
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain
| | - Patricia Insúa
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastián (Gipuzkoa), Spain
| | - Idoia Hernández
- Section of the Legal Advice of Administrative Contracting, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Saioa Telletxea
- Departament of Social Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain
| | - Laura Ansotegui
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Nekane Basabe
- Departament of Social Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Microfluidics & BIOMICs Cluster UPV/EHU, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain; Department of Z. and Cellular Biology A, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain
| | - Ana Rocandio
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain; BIOMICs Research Group, Microfluidics & BIOMICs Cluster UPV/EHU, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain
| | - Marta Arroyo-Izaga
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain; BIOMICs Research Group, Microfluidics & BIOMICs Cluster UPV/EHU, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Álava), Spain.
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12
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Islam MA, Nahar MT, Ibn Anik SMF, Barna SD, Hossain MT. Changes in dietary patterns among Bangladeshi adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10349. [PMID: 35996421 PMCID: PMC9385578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The home confinement induced by the COVID-19 pandemic affects individuals’ mental wellbeing and increases unhealthy behaviors, such as minimum to no physical activity, overeating, and substance use. Objective This study aimed to assess the changes in dietary patterns among the Bangladeshi adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify their determinants. Methods This web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out from 10–17 December 2020 using an e-questionnaire based on Google Forms. A semi-structured e-questionnaire was forwarded to the participants – Bangladesh citizens aged above 18 years – through social media platforms and email in order to collect information about socio-demographic issues and multidimensional dietary patterns. From the initial 817 responses gathered through snowball sampling, 748 responses were retained. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were executed. Results The findings suggest that 50% of the participants reported a reduction in weight and physical activities, while approximately 52% experienced increased sleep time. One in three participants (31.4%) experienced a decrease in food buying capacity. The findings further indicate that women were 1.65 times more likely to reduce food consumption than men. Meanwhile, employed people were about 34% less likely to increase food consumption than their unemployed counterparts. People who were getting more than 6 h of sleep per day were nearly 61% less likely to increase food consumption than people who slept for less than 6 h per day. People struggling to buy food items were 2.31 times more likely to reduce food intake than people with no such limitations. Conclusions The study shows that COVID-19 has substantially affected Bangladeshi people’s common food consumption patterns. Being confined within the household, primarily due to countrywide lockdowns and ‘general holidays’, has affected both the dietary patterns and the financial wellbeing of people. Therefore, the concerned authorities should promote effective nutrition education and healthy dietary behaviors; meanwhile, financial support or incentives for people in need are also strongly advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Akhtarul Islam
- Statistics Discipline, Science Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mst. Tanmin Nahar
- Statistics Discipline, Science Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Farhad Ibn Anik
- Statistics Discipline, Science Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Sutapa Dey Barna
- Department of Business Administration, International Standard University, 69 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Hossain
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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13
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Martin HR, Pufal DA, Stephenson J. Assessment of energy and nutrient intakes among undergraduate students attending a University in the North of England. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221096932. [PMID: 35726201 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221096932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Unhealthy diets are typical of university students and are often thought to be unrepresentative of the general population. The main aim was to determine the energy and nutrient intakes of a large cohort of undergraduate university students; and to compare to gender-specific dietary reference values (DRVs) and nutrient data from the general population. Methodology: Data was collected from 639 university students aged 18-24 years who completed 4-day diet diaries. The energy and nutrient intake was determined and percentage energy values calculated and compared with dietary reference values (DRVs) and the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and Family Food Statistics. Logistic regression methods were used to identify micronutrients functioning as predictors of exceeding DRVs. Results: Energy intakes were lower than the DRV. The percentage total energy values for protein, fat, saturated fat and carbohydrate exceeded DRVs but the percentage energy from alcohol was below the maximum 5%. The DRVs were met for vitamin C, thiamin, and sodium/salt. Iron and calcium intakes were met in males but not in females. Intakes for fibre and vitamin A were below the DRV. Student data was comparable to the NDNS, with the exception of alcohol, fibre, vitamin A, calcium and sodium/salt, which were all lower than the NDNS. Conclusions: This study contradicts the stereotypical assumption that students are following a high energy, fat, saturated fat, total sugars, salt and alcohol diet compared with the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Martin
- Department of Service Sector Management, 7314Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB¸ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- School of Applied Sciences, 218224University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Deborah A Pufal
- School of Human & Health Sciences, 14270University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - John Stephenson
- School of Human & Health Sciences, 14270University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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14
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Ferrara M, Langiano E, Falese L, Diotaiuti P, Cortis C, De Vito E. Changes in Physical Activity Levels and Eating Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Analysis in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095550. [PMID: 35564943 PMCID: PMC9105810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced schools and universities to shift their activities online, influencing the adoption of health-related behaviours such as physical activity and healthy dietary habits. The present study investigates the changes in adherence to a healthy diet and regular physical activity in university students in Italy before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and understands the role of sociodemographic variables in creating the changes above. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional survey performing the same sampling strategy at the first data collection (T0) and second data collection (T1) with a combination of convenience and snowball sampling approaches. The sample is composed of a total of 2001 students, 60.2% women and 39.8% men, with an average age of 22.7 (±5.5 SD). At T1, 39.9% of the students reported regular physical activity. During the pandemic, however, many, especially male students, abandoned or reduced physical activity practice (T1 40%), with an increase in social media use (T0 52.1%; T1 90%). A direct association between very low frequency of physical activity and increased sedentary time (r = 0.2, p = 0.001) and between change in dietary style and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) value (r = 0.3, p = 0.002) was found. The multivariate analysis for the total sample showed that some sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, parents’ level of education, area of study, household type, and perception of one’s body influence eating behaviours and physical activity. Our findings suggest that universities should invest in the protection and promotion of the health of their students with specific awareness programmes, and further research should repeat the survey in the post-lockdown period to investigate the long-term effects on health-related behaviours.
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15
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Safdar NF, Murad AM, Jawed N, Inam S. Is Fruit and Vegetable Intake Associated with Body Composition Among Pakistani Adolescents? NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s340798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Chong MFF, Lim HX, Wong BWX, Chi ZH, Inthujaa JK, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Cheon BK, Gorny AW, Chia KS. Transiting Out of Full-Time National Service: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Motivators of Weight Change in Young Adult Men in Singapore. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221074788. [PMID: 35272525 PMCID: PMC8921754 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221074788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher prevalence of obesity in men compared with women, particularly among those 18 to 40 years of age, has been observed in Singapore. We explored young men's perceptions of weight change after transiting out of National Service (NS) over a 12-month period and sought to understand the underlying drivers. In-depth interviews, guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), were conducted with young men 12 months after they had completed full-time NS. Six constructs from the HBM, namely, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and perceived self-efficacy, were utilized to guide the analysis. Thematic analysis revealed that participants generally perceived a gain in body weight after the transition and attributed this to decreased exercise-related physical activity (PA) levels and increased consumption of unhealthy food. However, many did not display immediate concerns nor view leading a healthy lifestyle as priority, citing time constraints, inertia to comply, or lack of access to sports facilities and healthy food options as barriers. Healthy lifestyle behaviors, mainly PA, were mostly pursued for physical health and appearance. Motivators toward a healthy lifestyle tended to be internal factors such as self-motivation, personal preference, and habit, whereas external motivators included peer or familial influence and environmental factors. Our findings align with key concepts of the HBM and suggest a need to educate young men transiting out of NS on lifestyle, weight, and health, in particular addressing their misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Hui Xian Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Beverly W X Wong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Zi Han Chi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J K Inthujaa
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bobby K Cheon
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alexander W Gorny
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Tan YWB, Lau JH, AshaRani PV, Roystonn K, Devi F, Lee YY, Whitton C, Wang P, Shafie S, Chang S, Jeyagurunathan A, Chua BY, Abdin E, Sum CF, Lee ES, Subramaniam M. Dietary patterns of persons with chronic conditions within a multi-ethnic population: results from the nationwide Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey on diabetes in Singapore. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:62. [PMID: 35189947 PMCID: PMC8862351 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic conditions are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and respective data on dietary patterns remain scant. The present study aimed to investigate dietary patterns and identify sociodemographic factors associated with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores within a multi-ethnic population with various chronic conditions. Methods The present study utilised data from the 2019-2020 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices study on diabetes in Singapore – a nationwide survey conducted to track the knowledge, attitudes, and practices pertaining to diabetes. The study analysed data collected from a sample of 2,895 Singapore residents, with information from the sociodemographic section, DASH diet screener, and the modified version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 3.0 checklist of chronic physical conditions. Results Respondents with no chronic condition had a mean DASH score of 18.5 (±4.6), those with one chronic condition had a mean DASH score of 19.2 (±4.8), and those with two or more chronic conditions had a mean DASH score of 19.8 (±5.2). Overall, the older age groups [35– 49 years (B = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.23 – 2.33, p <0.001), 50–64 years (B = 2.86, 95% CI: 22.24 – 3.47, p <0.001) and 65 years and above (B = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.73 – 4.17, p <0.001)], Indians (B = 2.54, 95% CI: 2.09 – 2.98, p <0.001) reported better diet quality, while males (B = -1.50, 95% CI: -1.87 – -1.14, p <0.001) reported poorer diet quality versus females. Conclusion Overall, respondents with two or more chronic conditions reported better quality of diet while the sociodemographic factors of age, gender and ethnicity demonstrated a consistent pattern in correlating with diet quality, consistent with the extant literature. Results provide further insights for policymakers to refine ongoing efforts in relation to healthy dietary practices for Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeow Wee Brian Tan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jue Hua Lau
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P V AshaRani
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kumarasan Roystonn
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Devi
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Western Australia, 6102, Bentley, Australia
| | - Peizhi Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anitha Jeyagurunathan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Yiang Chua
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Fang Sum
- Admiralty Medical Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 676 Woodlands Drive 71, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Fusionopolis Link. Nexus@One-North, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore, Singapore
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Tindall AM, Stallings VA. Sex differences in cardiovascular risk may be related to sex differences in diet patterns: a narrative review. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:517-524. [PMID: 35105204 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1998621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and globally. The social and biological differences in diet patterns among men and women may play a role in their differential cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE To describe the dietary patterns associated with CVD risk and investigate the differences in diet patterns between men and women, if these differences affect cardiovascular risk, and to explore potential mechanisms of action. METHODS Diet patterns associated with CVD risk were described based on epidemiological and experimental trials. Observational and experimental studies together with systematic and non-systematic reviews were synthesised to examine sex differences in diet and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Differences in vasculature and body composition between sexes may be mediated by dissimilarities in adherence to diet patterns and nutrient metabolism. Salt sensitivity and breakdown and storage of lipids may account for some differences in CVD risk between men and women. Sex differences in social norms, cognitive processing, and odour perception may be affected by biological differences and contribute to differences in cardiovascular risk and dietary patterns. CONCLUSION The relation between diet patterns and cardiovascular risk is well-established and sex differences in diet patterns likely differentially affect CVD risk between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tindall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V A Stallings
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Dahal M, Basnet A, Khanal S, Baral K, Dhakal S. Gender Difference in Food Choice and Eating Practice and Their Association with Health among Students of Kathmandu, Nepal. J Obes 2022; 2022:2340809. [PMID: 36061219 PMCID: PMC9436614 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2340809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our eating practice is generally based on the food we choose to eat. The selection of unhealthy food, high cost of healthy food items, and easy availability of fast food may have negative impact on our health and eating behaviour. This study aims to access the gender difference in food choice and eating practice and their association with health among students in Kathmandu, Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 385 randomly selected undergraduate BBA (Bachelor in Business Administration) students of Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu by using semistructured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characters, health status, behaviour factors, eating practice, and food choice which were measured using Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). The data was analysed in SPSS. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated, and chi-square test and logistic regression were used to measure the association between two variables. RESULTS The study is comprised of 50.4% female and 49.6% male with mean ages of 20.04 and 20.75, respectively. A gender difference was observed in food choice but no gender difference was observed in eating practice. There was no significant association of food choice and eating practice with health. However, food choice and eating practice showed an association with the current living status of the respondents. Sensory appeal and health were the most important food choice motives among males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION The study concluded that no gender difference was observed in food choice. However, gender difference was observed in eating practice. There was no association of food choice and eating practice with health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maginsh Dahal
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alisha Basnet
- Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Sinamangal, Nepal
| | - Sudip Khanal
- Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Sinamangal, Nepal
| | - Kushalata Baral
- Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Sinamangal, Nepal
| | - Smriti Dhakal
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Centre, Fort Worth, USA
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20
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Puleo S, Braghieri A, Pacelli C, Bendini A, Toschi TG, Torri L, Piochi M, Di Monaco R. Food Neophobia, Odor and Taste Sensitivity, and Overall Flavor Perception in Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123122. [PMID: 34945673 PMCID: PMC8702209 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Smell, which allows us to gather information about the hedonic value of an odor, is affected by many factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship among individual factors, odor sensitivity, and enjoyment, and to evaluate how overall flavor perception and liking in actual food samples are affected by odor sensitivity. A total of 749 subjects, from four different Italian regions, participated in the study. The olfactory capabilities test on four odors (anise, banana, mint, and pine), as well as PROP (6-n-prpyl-2-thiouracil) status and food neophobia were assessed. The subjects were clustered into three groups of odor sensitivity, based on the perceived intensity of anise. The liking and intensity of the overall flavor were evaluated for four chocolate puddings with increasing sweetness (C1, C2, C3, and C4). The individual variables significantly affected the perceived intensity and liking of the odors. Even if all of the odor sensitivity groups perceived the more intensely flavored samples as the C1 and C4 chocolate puddings, the high-sensitivity group scored the global flavor of all of the samples as more intense than the low-sensitivity group. The low-sensitive subjects evaluated the liking of the sweeter samples with higher scores than the moderate-sensitive subjects, whereas the high-sensitive subjects gave intermediate scores. In conclusion, odor sensitivity plays a pivotal role in the perception and liking of real food products; this has to be taken into account in the formulation of new products, suitable for particular categories with reduced olfactory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Puleo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food Science and Technology Division, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.P.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Ada Braghieri
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-205101
| | - Corrado Pacelli
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Bendini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DiSTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (A.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Tullia Gallina Toschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DiSTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (A.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Luisa Torri
- Sensory and Consumer Science, University of Gastronomic Sciences, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy; (L.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Piochi
- Sensory and Consumer Science, University of Gastronomic Sciences, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy; (L.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Rossella Di Monaco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food Science and Technology Division, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.P.); (R.D.M.)
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21
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Azadnajafabad S, Ebrahimi N, Mohammadi E, Ghasemi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Aminorroaya A, Rezaei N, Ghanbari A, Masinaei M, Mohammadi Fateh S, Haghshenas R, Gorgani F, Kazemi A, Dilmaghani-Marand A, Farzadfar F. Disparities and spatial variations of high salt intake in Iran: a subnational study of districts based on the small area estimation method. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6281-6291. [PMID: 34261565 PMCID: PMC11148577 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High salt intake is one of the leading diet-related risk factors for several non-communicable diseases. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of high salt intake in Iran. DESIGN A modelling study by the small area estimation method, based on a nationwide cross-sectional survey, Iran STEPwise approach to risk factor Surveillance (STEPS) 2016. The modelling estimated the prevalence of high salt intake, defined as a daily salt intake ≥ 5 g in all districts of Iran based on data from available districts. The modelling results were provided in different geographical and socio-economic scales to make the comparison possible across the country. SETTING 429 districts of all provinces of Iran, 2016. PARTICIPANTS 18 635 salt intake measurements from individuals 25 years old and above who participated in the Iran STEPS 2016 survey. RESULTS All districts in Iran had a high prevalence of high salt intake. The estimated prevalence of high salt intake among females of all districts ranged between 72·68 % (95 % UI 58·48, 84·81) and 95·04 % (95 % UI 87·10, 100). Estimated prevalence for males ranged between 88·44 % (95 % UI 80·29, 96·15) and 98·64 % (95 % UI 94·97, 100). In all categorisations, males had a significantly higher prevalence of high salt intake. Among females, the population with the lower economic status had a higher salt consumption than the participants with higher economic status by investigating the concentration index. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study highlight the high salt intake as a prominent risk factor in all Iran regions, despite some variations in different scales. More suitable population-wide policies are warranted to handle this public health issue in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Aminorroaya
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Masinaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Haghshenas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Gorgani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Kazemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Nielson SA, Kamleh MK, Conlon PD, McWhirter JE, Stone EA, Khosa DK. Understanding Incoming Canadian and US Veterinary Students' Attitudes and Perceptions of Their Dietary Habits and Levels of Physical Activity. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 48:747-755. [PMID: 33657337 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2020-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As critical components of individual well-being, nutrition and physical activity have important physical and psychological implications. Veterinary students face demanding schedules and potentially high rates of psychological distress. Though veterinary students' strategies for healthy eating have been explored, factors influencing their ability to achieve a healthy diet are less understood. This study assesses incoming veterinary students' perceived attitudes to their dietary habits and physical activity levels. Incoming students (n = 322) at five Canadian and five randomly selected US veterinary schools completed a questionnaire inquiring about demographic information, dietary attitudes and habits, and activity levels. More than half (58%) of students perceived their diet to be moderately healthy. A desire to feel better and have more energy was the most reported (79%) motivating factor to modifying personal eating habits and was significantly associated with improved odds of having a perceived healthy diet (OR = 2.22, p < .024). A busy lifestyle was perceived as a barrier to changing current eating habits by 92% of respondents. Students reporting a desire to maintain their health (OR = 3.42, p < .001) and moderate (OR = 2.81, p < .003) or high (OR = 2.30, p < .044) routine physical activity levels were also more likely to perceive their diet as healthy. Findings show that incoming veterinary students' perceptions may influence their goals of achieving a healthy lifestyle. An understanding of incoming veterinary students' barriers and motivators could be applied in future research to assist students in achieving personalized goals.
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23
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Gordon NP, Hsueh L. Racial/ethnic, gender, and age group differences in cardiometabolic risks among adults in a Northern California health plan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1227. [PMID: 34172022 PMCID: PMC8235804 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the U.S., the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension are higher among African American/Black (Black), Latinx, and Filipino adults than non-Hispanic White (White) and Chinese adults. We compared the racial/ethnic-specific prevalence of several modifiable cardiometabolic risks in an insured adult population to identify behaviors that may drive racial/ethnic differences in cardiometabolic health. Methods This cross-sectional study used data for middle-aged (35–64) and older (65–79) Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) adult health plan members. Smoking status and BMI were derived from electronic health record data. Weighted pooled self-reported data from the 2014/2015 and 2017 KPNC Member Health Survey cycles were used to estimate daily number of servings of fruits/vegetables, general sodium avoidance, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption frequency, alcohol use within daily recommended limit, weekly exercise frequency, and number of hours of sleep daily. Age-standardized estimates of all cardiometabolic risks were produced for middle-aged and older-aged women and men in the five racial/ethnic groups. Analyses focused on racial/ethnic differences within age-gender groups and gender and age group differences within racial/ethnic groups. Results In both age groups, Black, Latinx, and Filipino adults were more likely than White and Chinese adults to have overweight and obesity and were less likely to engage in health promoting dietary (fruit/vegetable and SSB consumption, sodium avoidance (women only)) and sleep behaviors. Middle-aged Black and Filipino men were more likely than White men to be current smokers. Less racial/ethnic variation was seen in exercise frequency. Significant gender differences were observed for dietary behaviors overall and within racial/ethnic groups, especially among middle-aged adults; however, these gender differences were smaller for sleep and exercise. Age differences within gender and racial/ethnic groups were less consistent. Racial/ethnic and gender differences in these behaviors were also seen in the subsample of adults with diabetes and/or hypertension and in the subsample of adults who reported they were trying to engage in health promoting behaviors. Conclusions Black, Latinx, and Filipino adults were more likely than White and Chinese adults to report dietary and sleep behaviors associated with development and worsening of cardiometabolic conditions, with men exhibiting poorer dietary behaviors than women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11011-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy P Gordon
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Loretta Hsueh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
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24
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Zakhour M, Haddad C, Sacre H, Tarabay C, Zeidan RK, Akel M, Hallit R, Kheir N, Obeid S, Salameh P, Hallit S. Differences in the Associations between Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Outcomes by Gender? A Lebanese Population Study. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021; 69:134-144. [PMID: 33965268 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the interaction between body dissatisfaction and gender on eating disorders (restrained eating, binge eating, orthorexia nervosa, and emotional eating) among a sample of Lebanese adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted between January and May 2018, enrolled 811 participants selected randomly from all Lebanese Mohafazat. The mean age of the participants was 27.6±11.8 years. The majority were females (66.5%), had a high level of education (73.2%), and low income (77.9%). This study used the following scales: body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-second version, binge eating scale, Dutch restrained eating scale, orthorexia nervosa scale (ORTHO-15 scale), emotional eating scale, perceived stress scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS Body dissatisfaction was positively correlated to restrained eating (r=0.293, P<0.001), emotional eating (r=0.073, P=0.042) and binge eating (r=0.250, P<0.001). The interaction between body dissatisfaction and gender was significantly associated with more restrained eating (Beta=0.01, P<0.001) and orthorexia nervosa (Beta=-0.09, P<0.001), but not with emotional (Beta=-0.43, P=0.103) and binge eating (Beta=-0.08, P=0.358). When stratifying the analysis by gender, the results revealed that higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with more restrained eating in both genders, but particularly among women. Body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with higher emotional eating in men only and with higher orthorexia nervosa tendencies and behaviors in females only. CONCLUSION The interaction between body dissatisfaction and gender was significantly associated with orthorexia nervosa and restrained eating but not with binge or emotional eating. Higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with higher restrained eating, more pronounced in women, while it was significantly associated with higher orthorexia tendencies (lower ORTO-15 scores) in women only. Body dissatisfaction was associated with emotional eating in men only.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zakhour
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - C Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon,INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CH Esquirol Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Tarabay
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - R K Zeidan
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,CERIPH: Center for Research in Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon,Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - M Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - N Kheir
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - S Obeid
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - P Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon,University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S Hallit
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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25
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Salazar-Fernández C, Palet D, Haeger PA, Román Mella F. COVID-19 Perceived Impact and Psychological Variables as Predictors of Unhealthy Food and Alcohol Consumption Trajectories: The Role of Gender and Living with Children as Moderators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4542. [PMID: 33922944 PMCID: PMC8123324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the trajectories of unhealthy food and alcohol consumption over time and considers whether perceived impact of COVID-19 and psychological variables are predictors of these trajectories. We ascertained whether these predictors are different in women vs. men and between women living with vs. without children. Data were collected through online surveys administered to 1038 participants from two universities (staff and students) in Chile, across five waves (July to October 2020). Participants provided information about their past-week unhealthy food and alcohol consumption and mental health. Using latent growth curve modeling analysis, we found that higher perceived health and interpersonal COVID-19 impact, younger age and lower depression symptoms were associated with more rapid increases over time in unhealthy food consumption. On the other hand, higher perceived COVID-19 economic impact and older age were associated with more rapid diachronic decreases in alcohol consumption. Gender and living with or without children, for women only, were moderators of these trajectories. This longitudinal study provides strong evidence identifying the multiple repercussions of COVID-19 and mental health factors on unhealthy food and alcohol consumption. These findings highlight the need for interventions aimed at minimizing the impact of the pandemic on unhealthy food and alcohol consumption over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Salazar-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.S.-F.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniela Palet
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.S.-F.); (D.P.)
| | - Paola A. Haeger
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
| | - Francisca Román Mella
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.S.-F.); (D.P.)
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26
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Kes D, Can Cicek S. Mindful eating, obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes in university students: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Forum 2021; 56:483-489. [PMID: 33616227 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding gender differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity risk among university students is critical for the development of health promotion interventions. Mindful eating focuses on how and why eating behavior occurs rather than what is eaten. Current research on this topic is limited in the university-aged population. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to (1) assess gender differences in risk of developing T2DM and elevated body mass index (BMI)/obesity; (2) explore the mindful eating levels according to the gender perspective; and (3) evaluate the relationship between mindful eating, BMI, and the risk of T2DM among young Turkish adults. METHOD This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in Karabuk University University, Turkey, during the 2017-2018 university calendar year. Eight hundred young adults were selected by the convenience sampling method. Data analyses used were the independent t test and Pearson correlational statistics. RESULTS BMI values of males were significantly higher than those of females (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between males and females regarding the risk of developing T2DM (p > 0.05). Mindful eating was significantly associated with BMI and the risk of developing T2DM in the young adult populations (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings can provide a basic reference for developing interventions that improve healthy eating habits and weight-loss strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kes
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Saadet Can Cicek
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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27
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Muñoz-Rodríguez JR, Luna-Castro J, Ballesteros-Yáñez I, Pérez-Ortiz JM, Gómez-Romero FJ, Redondo-Calvo FJ, Alguacil LF, Castillo CA. Influence of biomedical education on health and eating habits of university students in Spain. Nutrition 2021; 86:111181. [PMID: 33618137 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the influence of an enrolled degree course on health and eating habits in a population of Spanish university students (17-26 y of age). METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 648 students. Volunteers were stratified into biomedical (medicine and nursing, 48%) and non-biomedical students (other fields of study, 52%). Data were collected using previously self-reported questionnaires focused on anthropometric and sociodemographic profile, lifestyle practices, body image perception, health consciousness, eating habits, physical activity, and food addiction. Mann-Whitney U tests and Pearson's χ2 tests were applied to identify associations between the two groups. RESULTS Self-reported body mass index was higher for the non-biomedical group (22.1 ± 3.1 versus 23 ± 5 kg/m2; P < 0.05), which also reported less regularity in taking meals (91 versus 95%; P < 0.05), eating fewer colored vegetables and fruits (65 versus 77%; P < 0.001) and a higher alcohol intake (27 versus 20%; P < 0.001). In contrast, the proportion of students that showed more interest in the diet-health duality (92 versus 85%; P < 0.001) and a desire to adopt healthier habits (80 versus 78%; P < 0.05) was larger in the biomedical group. Dietary habits, obtained by means of a food frequency questionnaire, suggested that biomedical students make healthier food choices. Additionally, the group of biomedical students took more walks per week (5.8 ± 1.8 versus 5.5 ± 1.9; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Healthier lifestyle factors cluster into the biomedical group in various components of the study, except food addiction where no differences were observed. The data presented here suggest the necessity to develop health promotion strategies targeting university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Luna-Castro
- Regional Universitary Hospital of Málaga, Intensive care unit, Málaga, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ballesteros-Yáñez
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Luis F Alguacil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos A Castillo
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Physiotherapy and Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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28
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Galiana L, Herrero R, Rodríguez-Arias M, Baños RM. Understanding the Influence of Eating Patterns on Binge Drinking: A Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9451. [PMID: 33348581 PMCID: PMC7766311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking is an important health problem, and it has been related to binge eating and fat intake in animal models, but this relationship has not been tested in humans. The first objective of this study was to analyze whether binge eating and fat intake are related to binge drinking in a youth sample. The second objective was to analyze whether binge eating and fat intake mediate the relationship between individual factors associated with binge eating and fat intake (sex, body mass index (BMI), drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, eating styles, impulsivity, and food addiction) and binge drinking. METHODS A sample of 428 undergraduate students filled out several questionnaires on binge drinking, binge eating, fat intake, drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, eating styles, food addiction, and impulsivity. RESULTS Results showed an excellent model fit: χ2(25) = 30.342 (p = 0.212), comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.992, root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.022 [90% CI = 0.000, 0.047]. Binge eating and fat intake were positively related to binge drinking. Furthermore, emotional eating, external eating, and food addiction showed positive and statistically significant indirect relationships with binge drinking, whereas the relationship with restrained eating was negative. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to the need to use a broader approach in understanding and preventing binge drinking in the youth population by showing the influence of the eating pattern on this problem. This information could be helpful in preventing future behaviors and improving interventions that address health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Rocío Herrero
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Rosa Mª Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Wang W, Gao J, Li N, Han S, Wu L, Zhang Y, Han T, Shan R, Li Y, Sun C, Wu X. Dietary iron and vitamins in association with mortality. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2401-2409. [PMID: 33143929 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although disorders of iron metabolism are among the most common diseases and dietary intakes of vitamin A, B2, B6, C, E, and folic acid are known to affect the absorption or oxidation of iron, limited data are available on the association of dietary iron and these vitamins with mortality in the same population. Specifically, the holistic dietary vitamins intake and its combined effect with iron on mortality are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary iron, holistic dietary vitamins, and their interactive effect with total and cause-specific mortality. METHODS We evaluated the effects of dietary total/heme/non-heme iron, vitamins, and their interaction on all-cause/cardiovascular disease (CVD)/cancer mortality among 14,826 US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a population-based nationally representative study. We developed a vitamin score to represent the holistic dietary intakes of vitamin A, B2, B6, C, E, and folic acid. RESULTS A total of 2154 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 9.3 years. Results from multivariate Cox proportional hazards models showed that higher vitamin score was associated lower risk of all-cause mortality (P-trend = 0.027). Negative interactions between dietary heme iron and vitamin score were observed on all-cause/CVD mortality. Dietary higher vitamins combined with lower heme iron was associated with lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality (HR (95% confidence intervals (CIs)): 0.80 (0.64-0.98) and 0.55 (0.31-0.98), respectively). Higher dietary vitamins combined with higher total/non-heme iron was associated with lower risk of CVD mortality (HR (95%CIs): 0.69 (0.48-0.99) and 0.70 (0.48-0.99), respectively). These results remained significant even excluding participants with iron supplementation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that interactive effect of holistic dietary vitamins and iron play a protective role in decreasing all-cause and CVD mortality. Future studies, including cohort studies and clinical trials, are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Shan Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Livingstone K, Pnosamy H, Riddell L, Cicerale S. Demographic, Behavioural and Anthropometric Correlates of Food Liking: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103078. [PMID: 33050309 PMCID: PMC7601355 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree to which foods are liked or disliked is associated with dietary intake and health behaviours. However, most food liking research has focused on single foods and nutrients and few studies have examined associations with demographics and health behaviours. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between food liking and socio-demographics, health behaviours, diet quality and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of young Australian adults. Data from 1728 undergraduate students (21.8 (standard deviation [SD] 6.0) years; 76% female) were used. Food liking scores and a diet quality index (Dietary Guideline Index, DGI) were estimated from a Food Liking Questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between food liking and correlates. Young adults with higher liking for encouraged core foods were older, female, did their own food shopping, consumed less packaged foods and had better diet quality. Higher liking for discretionary foods and beverages was associated with less healthy behaviours, such as smoking, higher BMI and lower diet quality. These results suggest that food liking measures may offer an appropriate methodology for understanding influences on young adults' food choices, adding to the body of literature investigating the potential for food liking scores to assess diet-disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9244-5416
| | - H. Pnosamy
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia; (H.P.); (S.C.)
| | - L.J. Riddell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia;
| | - S. Cicerale
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia; (H.P.); (S.C.)
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Colton KK, Nightingale LM. Influence of cooking skills and nutritional training on dietary choices of incoming chiropractic students. THE JOURNAL OF CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION 2020; 34:156-163. [PMID: 32338999 PMCID: PMC7682645 DOI: 10.7899/jce-18-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify chiropractic students' cooking skills, perceptions of healthy eating, and influence of prior nutrition training on dietary intake. METHODS Two cohorts of incoming graduate students were surveyed to assess nutritional training prior to matriculation, perceptions of healthy eating behaviors, cooking skills, current dietary intake, and barriers to healthy eating. Using independent t tests, correlations, and descriptive statistics, data from the cohorts were assessed. RESULTS The response rate was 88.7% (n = 178). Nutritional training significantly increased perception of nutritional knowledge and confidence in giving nutrition advice. Completion of at least 1 college nutrition course was associated with nearly double students' weekly fatty fish intake. Males were more likely to eat animal protein, and females preferred desserts. Modeling a healthy diet for future patients was rated as being important, yet most students consumed diets consistent with the typical American diet. The leading barriers to healthy eating included lack of time and money. CONCLUSION Similar to students in other healthcare professions, incoming chiropractic students wish to model healthy behaviors but fail to apply their knowledge and attitudes to their own dietary intakes due to common barriers.
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Tricarico R, Nicolas E, Hall MJ, Golemis EA. X- and Y-Linked Chromatin-Modifying Genes as Regulators of Sex-Specific Cancer Incidence and Prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5567-5578. [PMID: 32732223 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex profoundly conditions organismal development and physiology, imposing wide-ranging effects on cell signaling, metabolism, and immune response. These effects arise from sex-specified differences in hormonal exposure, and from intrinsic genetic and epigenetic differences associated with the presence of an XX versus XY chromosomal complement. In addition, biological sex is now recognized to be a determinant of the incidence, presentation, and therapeutic response of multiple forms of cancer, including cancers not specifically associated with male or female anatomy. Although multiple factors contribute to sex-based differences in cancer, a growing body of research emphasizes a role for differential activity of X- and Y-linked tumor-suppressor genes in males and females. Among these, the X-linked KDM6A/UTX and KDM5C/JARID1C/SMCX, and their Y-linked paralogs UTY/KDM6C and KDM5D/JARID1D/SMCY encode lysine demethylases. These epigenetic modulators profoundly influence gene expression, based on enzymatic activity in demethylating H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, and nonenzymatic scaffolding roles for large complexes that open and close chromatin for transcription. In a growing number of cases, mutations affecting these proteins have been recognized to strongly influence cancer risk, prognosis, and response to specific therapies. However, sex-specific patterns of mutation, expression, and activity of these genes, coupled with tissue-specific requirement for their function as tumor suppressors, together exemplify the complex relationship between sex and cancer vulnerabilities. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current state of the literature on the roles of these proteins in contributing to sex bias in cancer, and the status of clinical agents relevant to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tricarico
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Hall
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Factors Associated with Acculturative Stress among International Medical Students. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2564725. [PMID: 32685456 PMCID: PMC7327593 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2564725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is an array of reasons why acculturation can be stressful, and acculturative stress can be triggered by a plethora of factors. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with acculturative stress among international students enrolled in a public medical university from Romania. 265 students were included in the research. Sociodemographic, academic, and family data, comfortability with living in study city, satisfaction with administrative staff, colleagues, and professors and Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students were gathered. Data have been processed using SPSS Statistics v23.0.0 for MAC.OSX. Female students are more prone to experience homesickness and stress due to change compared to male students. International students with Romanian origins had lower scores on perceived hate and stress due to change/culture shock compared to those with no Romanian origins. Students with relatives or friends enrolled in the same university had significantly lower levels of acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, perceived hate/rejection, and general/nonspecific concerns. Age and year of study are associated with homesickness and stress due to change/culture shock. The existence of factors associated with acculturative stress demand institutional, social, and psychological support for international students.
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Neighborhood Food Outlet Access and Dietary Intake among Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1151-1162.e3. [PMID: 32146126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy diet is essential in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and preventing related comorbidities. Food outlet access has been studied in the general population; however, the influence of the local food environment on dietary intake among people with CKD has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations of food outlet density and type of outlets with dietary intake in a multicenter cohort of racially and ethnically diverse patients with CKD. METHODS The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study is a multicenter prospective study of patients with CKD that used a validated food frequency questionnaire to capture dietary intake at the baseline visit. This is a cross-sectional analysis of 2,484 participants recruited in 2003-2006 from seven Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study centers. Food outlet data were used to construct a count of the number of fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, and grocery stores per 10,000 population for each geocoded census block group. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between measures of food outlet availability and dietary factors. RESULTS The proportion of participants living in zero-, low-, and high-food outlet density areas differed by gender, race or ethnicity, and income level. Among male subjects, living in areas with zero or the highest number of outlets was associated with having the highest caloric intakes in multivariable models. Male subjects living in areas with zero outlets consumed the highest levels of sodium and phosphorous. Female subjects living in areas with zero outlets had the lowest average intake of calories, sodium, and phosphorous. Among low-income female subjects, close proximity to more outlets was associated with higher calorie consumption. Among all participants, access to fast-food restaurants was not associated with an unhealthy diet score, and access to grocery stores was not associated with a healthy diet score. CONCLUSIONS Average caloric and nutrient intakes differed by outlet availability; however, there were no strong associations with type of food outlet. This should be considered when developing food-focused public health policies.
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Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristics of office cake (OC) consumption and the associated attitudes and behaviours among UK office workers to gain insight into the implications for workplace health.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional online questionnaire was completed by 940 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation withχ2tests for between-group difference.FindingsRespondents reported both positive social and negative health-related consequences of OC. OC influenced eating behaviour through increased salience and availability, and the effects of social influencing. Almost all (94.8 per cent) reported ideal OC frequency to be once/week or less. Gender and age significantly affected attitudes and behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe questionnaire was not validated so data accuracy could have been diminished or biased. Portion size was not examined and consumption data were self-reported which could have resulted in under-reporting. Only office workers were investigated therefore results may not be applicable to other workplaces.Practical implicationsOC appears to influence both the workplace eating environment and employee eating behaviour. It could therefore affect employee health and workplace health promotion programme efficacy. However the findings suggest that nudge-based initiatives could reduce OC consumption to make workplaces healthier while retaining social benefits.Originality/valueThe present study provides the first data on OC culture and insights on how to address it sensitively. It also highlights that sweet treats used for celebration and employee recognition should be considered a relevant part of workplace food provision alongside canteens and vending.
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Whatnall MC, Patterson AJ, Chiu S, Oldmeadow C, Hutchesson MJ. Determinants of eating behaviours in Australian university students: A cross-sectional analysis. Nutr Diet 2019; 77:331-343. [PMID: 31680432 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore clustering among individual eating behaviours in a sample of Australian university students, and explore associations between clustered eating behaviours and demographic characteristics. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of data from the University of Newcastle (UON) Student Healthy Lifestyle Survey 2017 was conducted. Measures included eating behaviours (eg, vegetables, energy-dense nutrient poor [EDNP] food intakes) assessed using short diet questions, and demographic characteristics (eg, age, undergraduate/postgraduate student). Factor analysis was used to explore clustering of individual eating behaviours (ie, identify factors). Linear regression models were used to explore associations between eating behaviour factors identified and demographic characteristics. RESULTS A total of 3062 students (70% female; 56% aged 17-24 years) were included in the analysis. The six eating behaviour factors identified (characterised by higher consumption of the named foods/drinks) were; EDNP snack foods, meat and takeaway foods, fruit and vegetables, sugary drinks, breakfast, and breads and cereals. A higher fruit and vegetable factor score was associated with being female (P < .001), and a higher meat and takeaway foods factor score was associated with being male (P < .001) and of younger age (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Nutrient-rich foods clustered together and EDNP foods clustered together, that is, the identified factors represent either nutrient-rich or EDNP foods. Interventions in the university setting should target students with the poorest eating behaviours, including males and younger students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda J Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Chiu
- Clinical Research Design and Statistics Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Clinical Research Design and Statistics Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Odum M, Xu L. Racial and sex differences of fruit and vegetable self-efficacy and intake among college students in a rural, southern location. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:825-834. [PMID: 30365916 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1515752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine fruit and vegetable intake and self-efficacy among U.S. college students in a rural, Southern location. Participants: Undergraduate students (n = 1503) enrolled in a university-wide health class at one large public institution during the spring 2017 semester. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected online and analyzed using independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA, and regression. Results: On average, participants did not meet fruit or vegetable intake recommendations. Mean self-efficacy scores were 17.2 (SD = 3.4) and 16.42 (SD = 3.7) for fruit and vegetables, respectively, with statistically significant differences observed by sex and race (p < 0.05). Hierarchical multiple regression results indicated self-efficacy explained 20.9% (fruit) and 29.3% (vegetables) of the variance in consumption. Similar patterns were found for meeting daily fruit and vegetable intake recommendations. Conclusions: Health campaigns are needed to address sex and racial disparities in college student fruit and vegetable intake and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Odum
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Christoph MJ, Larson N, Laska MN, Neumark-Sztainer D. Nutrition Facts Panels: Who Uses Them, What Do They Use, and How Does Use Relate to Dietary Intake? J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 118:217-228. [PMID: 29389508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition labels are a low-cost tool with the potential to encourage healthy eating habits. OBJECTIVE To investigate correlates of frequent Nutrition Facts label use, describe the types of label information most often used, and measure how label use relates to dietary intake in young adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study of young adults participating in Project Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults-IV. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Surveys and food frequency questionnaires were completed during 2015-2016 by young adults (N=1,817; weighted sample=49% women) aged 25 to 36 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Nutrition Facts label use, frequency of using specific information on labels, and dietary intake. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Relative risks and adjusted means were used to examine how demographic, behavior, and weight-related factors were associated with Nutrition Facts panel use, and how label use related to dietary outcomes. Associations with P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Approximately one-third (31.4%) of participants used Nutrition Facts labels "frequently." Use was significantly higher for women; for participants with high education and income; among those who prepared food regularly; among those who were physically active; among those with a weight status classified as overweight; and among those who were trying to lose, gain, or maintain weight. Label components used most often included sugars (74.1%), total calories (72.9%), serving size (67.9%), and the ingredient list (65.8%). Nutrition Facts label users consumed significantly more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and fewer sugar-sweetened beverages, compared with nonusers. Nutrition Facts label users ate significantly more frequently at sit-down restaurants but less frequently at fast-food restaurants compared with nonusers. CONCLUSIONS Although Nutrition Facts label use was associated with markers of better dietary quality in a population-based sample of young adults, only one-third of participants used labels frequently. Methods to improve label use should be studied, particularly through leveraging weight- or health-related goals (eg, interest in making healthier food choices), and meeting consumer preferences concerning label content.
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Ofori-Asenso R, Owen AJ, Liew D. Skipping Breakfast and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies in Primary Prevention Settings. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6030030. [PMID: 31443394 PMCID: PMC6787634 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have associated skipping (not having) breakfast with cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, unfavorable lipid profiles, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. We examined the available evidence regarding the effect of skipping breakfast on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as all-cause mortality. Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception until May 2019 to identify prospective cohort studies that examined the association between skipping breakfast and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and all-cause death. Electronic searches were supplemented by manual screening of the references of retrieved studies. Out of 456 citations identified, four studies (from Japan and the US) were included. The included studies involved a total of 199,634 adults (aged ≥40 years; 48.5% female) without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline followed over a median duration of 17.4 years. The pooled data suggested that people who regularly skipped breakfast were about 21% more likely (hazard ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.35; I2 = 17.3%, p = 0.304) to experience incident CVD or die from it than people who regularly consumed breakfast. Also, the risk of all-cause death was 32% higher (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17-1.48; I2 = 7.6%, p = 0.339) in people who regularly skipped breakfast than in people who regularly consumed breakfast. However, the definition of skipping breakfast was heterogenous and adjustment for confounders varied significantly. Therefore, residual confounding could not be ruled out and caution is required in the interpretation of the findings. Hence, large prospective studies with a consistent definition of skipping breakfast, and conducted across different populations, are needed to provide more robust evidence of the health effects of skipping breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ofori-Asenso
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Alice J Owen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, VIC 3004, Australia
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Cattaneo C, Riso P, Laureati M, Gargari G, Pagliarini E. Exploring Associations between Interindividual Differences in Taste Perception, Oral Microbiota Composition, and Reported Food Intake. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051167. [PMID: 31137674 PMCID: PMC6567015 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of taste perception, its relationship with oral microbiota composition, and their putative link with eating habits and food intake were the focus of the present study. A sample of 59 reportedly healthy adults (27 male, 32 female; age: 23.3 ± 2.6 years) were recruited for the study and taste thresholds for basic tastes, food intake, and oral microbiota composition were evaluated. Differences in taste perception were associated with different habitual food consumption (i.e., frequency) and actual intake. Subjects who were orally hyposensitive to salty taste reported consuming more bakery and salty baked products, saturated-fat-rich products, and soft drinks than hypersensitive subjects. Subjects hyposensitive to sweet taste reported consuming more frequently sweets and desserts than the hypersensitive group. Moreover, subjects hypersensitive to bitter taste showed higher total energy and carbohydrate intakes compared to those who perceived the solution as less bitter. Some bacterial taxa on tongue dorsum were associated with gustatory functions and with vegetable-rich (e.g., Prevotella) or protein/fat-rich diets (e.g., Clostridia). Future studies will be pivotal to confirm the hypothesis and the potential exploitation of oral microbiome as biomarker of long-term consumption of healthy or unhealthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cattaneo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Laureati
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Whatnall M, Patterson A, Hutchesson M. A Brief Web-Based Nutrition Intervention for Young Adult University Students: Development and Evaluation Protocol Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e11992. [PMID: 30920382 PMCID: PMC6458536 DOI: 10.2196/11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young adults are a priority population for nutrition interventions because of the high prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors, high risk of weight gain, and the importance of this life stage for developing lifelong eating behaviors. Innovative intervention strategies are needed to reach and engage young adults, whereas more detailed reporting of intervention development and testing would facilitate progress in this challenging research area. Objective This paper describes the development of the EATS (Eating Advice To Students) intervention, a targeted, brief Web-based nutrition intervention for young adult (17 to 35 years) university students, and describes the pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess intervention feasibility. Methods EATS was developed using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The development involved a cross-sectional survey of university students’ eating behaviors and determinants, a systematic review of brief nutrition interventions, and consultation with a project steering committee. EATS was developed as a website with 4 components: (1) brief screening quiz with personalized feedback, (2) provision of information, tips, and strategies for each target eating behavior (consumption of vegetables, fruit, discretionary foods, and breakfast) and 2 guided exercises to facilitate behavior change, (3) goal setting, and (4) creating strategies. A pilot RCT with students from the University of Newcastle, Australia, was conducted from February to July 2018. The students were randomized to EATS or a brief Web-based alcohol intervention (attention control). The process evaluation included intervention acceptability (Web-based survey postintervention completion) and objective usage data (collected in real time). Efficacy data (Web-based survey at baseline and 3 months) included diet quality, consumption of target food groups (eg, fruits and vegetables), alcohol intake, self-efficacy to perform target eating behaviors, and well-being. Results Collection of the 3-month follow-up data was completed in July 2018. Conclusions EATS presents an innovative solution to many of the difficulties faced in targeting young adults to improve their eating behaviors. Given the strong methodological approach undertaken, this study provides a significant contribution to advance this research area. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000118202; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374365&isReview=true (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/765o5fVwa) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11992
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Amanda Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Variety in the diets of free-living, food-secure adults. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Matthews LA, Rovio SP, Jaakkola JM, Niinikoski H, Lagström H, Jula A, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Simell O, Raitakari OT, Pahkala K. Longitudinal effect of 20-year infancy-onset dietary intervention on food consumption and nutrient intake: the randomized controlled STRIP study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:937-949. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kapil V, Rathod KS, Khambata RS, Bahra M, Velmurugan S, Purba A, S Watson D, Barnes MR, Wade WG, Ahluwalia A. Sex differences in the nitrate-nitrite-NO • pathway: Role of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:113-121. [PMID: 30031863 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral reduction of nitrate to nitrite is dependent on the oral microbiome and is the first step of an alternative mammalian pathway to produce nitric oxide in humans. Preliminary evidence suggests important sex differences in this pathway. We prospectively investigated sex-differences following inorganic nitrate supplementation on nitrate/nitrite levels and vascular function, and separately examined sex differences in oral nitrate reduction, and oral microbiota by 16S rRNA profiling. At baseline, females exhibit higher nitrite levels in all biological matrices despite similar nitrate levels to males. Following inorganic nitrate supplementation, plasma nitrite was increased to a significantly greater extent in females than in males and pulse wave velocity was only reduced in females. Females exhibited higher oral bacterial nitrate-reducing activity at baseline and after nitrate supplementation. Despite these differences, there were no differences in the composition of either the total salivary microbiota or those oral taxa with nitrate reductase genes. Our results demonstrate that females have augmented oral nitrate reduction that contributes to higher nitrite levels at baseline and also after inorganic nitrate supplementation, however this was not associated with differences in microbial composition (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01583803).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kapil
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Krishnaraj S Rathod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Manpreet Bahra
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shanti Velmurugan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Amandeep Purba
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David S Watson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - William G Wade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Kabir A, Miah S, Islam A. Factors influencing eating behavior and dietary intake among resident students in a public university in Bangladesh: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198801. [PMID: 29920535 PMCID: PMC6007825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past decades, Bangladesh has made substantial progress in improving higher education, and in part, this was achieved by promoting residence based higher education in public universities. University residency is considered a crucial period for students to develop healthy eating habits and adopt nutritious intake, which comprise a strong foundation for good health throughout life. Although, there is extensive literature on eating behaviors and dietary intake internationally, there appears to be relatively scarce research and analysis concerning Bangladesh. This study aims to address this, by investigating the factors that influence eating behavior and dietary intake. Methods Adopting a qualitative approach, we conducted 25 in-depth interviews and 13 focus group discussions with students of various disciplines and semesters. We used thematic analysis to analyze the textual data, and methodological triangulation to validate the information provided. Results Student eating behavior and dietary intake are influenced by a variety of factors. Individual factors (cooking skills, food taste, food taboos, and knowledge and perceptions), societal factors (influence of peers and social norms), factors related to university (campus culture and frequency of examination), and environmental factors (availability of cooking resources and facilities and food prices) emerged as the key aspects that determine students’ eating behavior and dietary intake. Conclusion This is the first study that explored factors influencing nutritional behavior and dietary intake among resident graduates in a Bangladeshi university. The results suggest that resident students have a poor dietary intake that might have a harmful impact on their health, well-being, and academic performance. Therefore, multilevel nutritional interventions may be beneficial to promote healthy eating behavior and dietary intake among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahgahan Miah
- Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Asraful Islam
- Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Barrett N, Riordan F, Michels N, Frost Andersen L, vant Veer P, Moreno LA, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Gottrand F, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Ruiz JR, Censi L, de Henauw S, Kersting M, Harrington JM. Breakfast Skipping and overweight/obesity among European adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis of the HELENA dataset: a DEDIPAC study. HRB Open Res 2018. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12847.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim was to examine demographic and dietary factors associated with breakfast skipping, and the relationship of breakfast skipping with overweight/obesity among adolescents across Europe. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study (n=3528) conducted in ten European cities: Athens (Greece), Dortmund (Germany), Ghent (Belgium), Herkalion (Greece), Lille (France), Pecs (Hungary), Rome (Italy), Vienna (Austria), Stockholm (Sweden) and Zaragoza (Spain) were used. Analysis was carried out using a sub-sample of adolescents (n=1894) aged 12.5-17.49 years with data on breakfast skipping and two days of 24-Hour Diet Recall data. As 24-Hour Recall data was not available from Pecs (Hungary) this city was excluded. Using responses from the Food Choices and Preferences Questionnaire adolescents were classified as breakfast skippers or non-breakfast skippers. All analyses were stratified by sex. Differences in the intake of macronutrients, both overall and when breakfast was excluded, and key foods were compared between skippers and non-skippers using Wilcoxen Rank Sum test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity. Results: Overall, 44% of females were skippers compared to 36% of males. Among both male and female estimated mean fibre intake and median fruit intake were significantly lower among skippers compared to non-skippers. Male skippers were significantly more likely than non-skippers to be overweight/obese [AOR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.40-3.90] but this was not observed among females [AOR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.59-1.34]. Conclusions: Different patterns of daily macronutrient intake were observed among adolescents who skip and do not skip breakfast. In males, breakfast skipping was associated with increased odds of being overweight/obese. Gender may play a key part in breakfast skipping behaviours. These results present an opportunity to identify and target adolescents who may be at risk of a poorer nutritional profile or overweight/obesity.
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Kim Y, Chen J, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Hebert JR. Lower Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores Are Associated with Lower Glycemic Index Scores among College Students. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020182. [PMID: 29414858 PMCID: PMC5852758 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), the glycemic index (GI), and the glycemic load (GL) is not known, although it is known that carbohydrates are pro-inflammatory. We aimed to measure the association between the DII and both GI and GL among college students. In this cross-sectional study, 110 college students completed a 3-day food diary, which was used to calculate the DII, the GI, the GL, and the healthy eating index (HEI)-2010. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals of the GI, the GL, and the HEI-2010 were presented per DII tertile using generalized linear mixed models. Participants in tertile 1 of DII scores had lower GI and GL scores, but higher HEI-2010 scores than those in tertile 3. Pearson correlations showed that DII score was positively correlated with the GI score (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), but negatively correlated with the HEI-2010 (r = −0.56, p < 0.001). DII score was not correlated with GL score. Results from this study suggest that increased inflammatory potential of diet, as represented by higher DII scores, was associated with increased GI scores and lower quality of diet on the HEI-2010. Use of the DII suggests new directions for dietary approaches for preventing chronic diseases that moves beyond convention by decreasing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Kim
- Department of Human Environmental Studies, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA.
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Human Ecology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA.
| | - Michael D Wirth
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| | - James R Hebert
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
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Valentine AA, Schumacher JR, Murphy J, Ma YJ. Dietary supplement use, perceptions, and associated lifestyle behaviors in undergraduate college students, student-athletes, and ROTC cadets. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:87-97. [PMID: 28915096 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1377205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use, perceptions of DS efficacy, and lifestyle behaviors of DS users and non-users. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students, student-athletes, and ROTC cadets at a Midwestern University between September 2014 and January 2015. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was administered. Analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square, and independent sample t-tests. RESULTS At least 50% of respondents from each group reported DS use. Users generally reported favorable perceptions of efficacy. Undergraduate student DS users reported more exercise and more healthful dietary habits compared to non-users; however, nearly 72% of undergraduates who reported tobacco use also reported DS use. Less significant differences were observed in the student-athlete and cadet samples. CONCLUSIONS DS use is common on college campuses, and many DS users report favorable perceptions of efficacy. With the exception of tobacco use, collegiate DS users generally report lifestyles that are as healthy or healthier than non-users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Raeder Schumacher
- b Department of Family & Consumer Sciences , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois , USA
| | - Jan Murphy
- c Office of the Provost, Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois , USA
| | - Yoon Jin Ma
- b Department of Family & Consumer Sciences , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois , USA
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Asakura K, Todoriki H, Sasaki S. Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among primary school children in Japan: Combined effect of children's and their guardians' knowledge. J Epidemiol 2017; 27:483-491. [PMID: 28576447 PMCID: PMC5602805 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving the dietary habits of children is important to decrease the future burden of noncommunicable diseases. While various food education programs have been implemented worldwide, evaluation of nutrition knowledge is difficult, even at baseline. Further, the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake has not been clarified in non-western countries. Methods After developing nutrition knowledge questionnaires for Japanese primary school children and adults, we examined whether higher nutrition knowledge of children and their guardians was associated with better dietary intake in children. A total of 1210 children in four public primary schools and 319 guardians were included in this cross-sectional study. Results Nutrition knowledge questionnaires were developed for children in lower and higher grades and adults. Higher nutrition knowledge of the children was significantly associated with higher vegetable intake (p for trend = 0.024 for boys and <0.0001 for girls in lower grades, <0.0001 for boys and 0.020 for girls in higher grades). Higher nutrition knowledge of the guardians was also associated with higher vegetable intake, except for boys in higher grades. The relationship between guardians' nutrition knowledge and intake of staple foods and fruits in children differed by children's sex. Conclusions We developed nutrition knowledge questionnaires for Japanese children and adults and identified a relationship between higher nutrition knowledge and healthier dietary habits. The child's own nutrition knowledge of dietary intake might be as important as that of the guardian for some foods. Sex differences in the effect of nutrition knowledge should receive greater attention in food education. Nutrition knowledge questionnaires were developed for Japanese children and adults. Higher nutrition knowledge was associated with healthier dietary habits in children. Both children's and guardians' nutrition knowledge affected food intakes in children. Sex differences in the effect of nutrition knowledge were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hidemi Todoriki
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tam R, Yassa B, Parker H, O'Connor H, Allman-Farinelli M. University students' on-campus food purchasing behaviors, preferences, and opinions on food availability. Nutrition 2017; 37:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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