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Gilder CM, Gorin AA, Huedo-Medina T, Cooksey-Stowers K, McCaffery JM, Denmat Z, Field C, Wyckoff E, LaRose J, O'Connor K, Marfo N, Leahey TM. Impact of social connectedness on weight loss outcomes in an online program. J Behav Med 2024; 47:144-152. [PMID: 37698801 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to many negative health consequences. While online behavioral weight loss programs (BWL) are an effective treatment for obesity, weight losses are modest. Social connectedness has been found to improve weight loss outcomes and previous findings suggests that it may be especially important for people of color. The present study investigated the impact of social connectedness (structural connectedness, or network size; relationship quality, and functional connectedness, or social support) on weight loss outcomes in an online BWL program and whether Black race or Hispanic ethnicity moderates the relationship between social connectedness and weight loss. Participants (N = 387) enrolled in a 16-week online BWL program and completed measures of social connectedness before treatment and had their weight measured. Individuals with less structural connectedness (smaller social networks) had greater weight losses. Further, higher levels of functional connectedness (affectionate support, positive support, and relationship quality) mediated the relationship between smaller network size and better weight loss outcomes. Black race / Hispanic ethnicity did not moderate the relationship between social connectedness and weight loss. These findings suggest that the quality of one's relationships, not the size of one's social network, is important for weight loss. Future studies may examine whether online BWL programs that build relationship quality and affectionate and positive support in participants' existing social networks improve overall weight loss outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carnisha M Gilder
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy A Gorin
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tania Huedo-Medina
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kristen Cooksey-Stowers
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeanne M McCaffery
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zeely Denmat
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christiana Field
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily Wyckoff
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Kayla O'Connor
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nana Marfo
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tricia M Leahey
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
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Ohle KA, Koller KR, Walch AK, Lee FR, Palmer L, Nu J, Thomas TK. Alaska Native Parents' Decision-Making About Food, Beverages, and Screen Time for Young Children: Formative Insights From the "Got Neqpiaq?" Project. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2023; 46:250-258. [PMID: 37703513 PMCID: PMC10502956 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
With rising childhood obesity rates, ensuring children adopt healthy habits early is imperative. Given the unique context for Alaska Native families living in rural remote communities, who are concurrently experiencing changes in traditional practices, we investigated what impacts parents' decisions as they relate to daily living before revising a preschool curriculum focused on healthy habits. The objective of this study was to explore factors influencing parents' decisions about their children's foods, beverages, and activities. In focus group discussions with AN parents of young children across 12 communities, we asked about meals, traditional foods, beverages, physical activity, and screen time. All sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using open and selective coding to allow the most important themes to emerge. As parents discussed how they make decisions, several trends emerged related to adults' and children's food and beverage preferences; the impact of adult modeling on children; and how convenience, seasonality, access, and a reluctance to engage in conflict all impact decision-making. Parents and other community members shared important perspectives on exposing children to traditional subsistence foods and activities and passing important traditional knowledge to them at an early age. These perspectives will form the basis for preschool curricula in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Ohle
- Early Childhood Education, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan (Dr Ohle); Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Research Services, Anchorage, Alaska (Drs Koller and Thomas and Ms Lee); Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Alaska Anchorage (Dr Walch); RurAL Cap Head Start, Anchorage, Alaska (Ms Palmer); and Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks (Ms Nu)
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O’Halloran SA, Eksteen G, Polayya N, Ropertz M, Senekal M. The Food Environment of Primary School Learners in a Low-to-Middle-Income Area in Cape Town, South Africa. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062043. [PMID: 34203651 PMCID: PMC8232268 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid changes in food environments, where less nutritious foods have become cheaper and more accessible, have led to the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). The role food environments have played in shaping the DBM has attained global interest. There is a paucity of food environment research in low-to-middle-income countries. We conducted a case study of the food environments of school aged learners. A primary school in Cape Town was recruited. A multi-method design was used: a home food and eating behaviours questionnaire completed by 102 household respondents and four questions completed by 152 learners; learner participatory photography; a semi-structured school principal interview; a tuckshop inventory; observation of three-day tuckshop purchases. Foods that were commonly present in households: refined carbohydrates, fats/oils, chicken, processed meats, vegetables, fruit, legumes, snacks/drinks. Two thirds of households had rules about unhealthy drinks/snacks, ate supper together and in front of the TV, ate a home cooked meal five–seven times/week and ate breakfast together under two times/week. Vegetables were eaten under two times/week in 45% of households. A majority of learners (84%) took a lunchbox to school. Twenty-five learners photographed their food environment and 15 participated in semi-structured interviews. Six themes emerged: where to buy; what is available in the home; meal composition; family dynamics; peer engagement; food preparation. Items bought at informal food outlets included snacks, drinks and grocery staples. The principal interview revealed the establishment of a healthy school food environment, including a vegetable garden, although unhealthy snacks were sold at the tuckshop. Key dimensions of the food environment that require further investigation in disadvantaged urban and informal settlement areas include the home availability of unhealthy foods, eating behaviours in households and healthfulness of foods sold by informal food outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan A. O’Halloran
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Gabriel Eksteen
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (G.E.); (N.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Nadene Polayya
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (G.E.); (N.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Megan Ropertz
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (G.E.); (N.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Marjanne Senekal
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (G.E.); (N.P.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Haidar A, Ranjit N, Saxton D, Hoelscher DM. Perceived Parental and Peer Social Support Is Associated With Healthier Diets in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:23-31. [PMID: 30635106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate associations between perceived parental/peer support for a healthy diet and adolescent dietary behaviors using data from the 2009-2011 School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) survey. DESIGN A secondary analysis of SPAN, a cross-sectional statewide study using a validated self-administered questionnaire, assessed obesity-related behaviors. SETTING Probability-based sample of Texas 8th- and 11th-grade students. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6,716 8th- and 11th-grade students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Obtained by self-report and included sugary beverage consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and SPAN healthy eating score. ANALYSIS Multiple logistic regression and linear regression were used to determine associations, controlling for demographic variables. RESULTS For every 1-point increase in parental support (range, 0-12), adolescents had 1.19 times higher odds of consuming ≥1 fruits or vegetables/d (P < .001) and 1.1 times lower odds of consuming ≥2 sugary beverages/d (P < .05), and had a SPAN healthy eating score (range, -100 to 100) that was 1.6 points higher (P < .001). For every 1-point increase in peer support, adolescents had 1.14 times higher odds of consuming ≥1 fruits and vegetables/d (P < .001) and a higher SPAN healthy eating score (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Parental/peer support was associated with healthier dietary behaviors. Future research could conduct pre-post intervention studies to determine whether an increase in parental/peer support is associated with positive changes in healthier eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amier Haidar
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX.
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX
| | - Debra Saxton
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX
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Fill "half your child's plate with fruits and vegetables": Correlations with food-related practices and the home food environment. Appetite 2018; 133:77-82. [PMID: 30339784 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of parental report of children's adherence to USDA's MyPlate guidelines of 'half of plate filled with fruits and vegetables (FV)' and associations with child and parent/guardian report of food-related practices and the home food environment. Data for this study represent the baseline assessment (n = 160 parent-child dyads) of the Healthy Home Offerings via the Mealtime Environment (HOME) Plus study, a randomized controlled trial to prevent excess weight gain among 8-12 year-old children. Multiple logistic regression models examined associations between a newly created 'half plate FV' variable 'During the past seven days how many times was half of your child's plate filled with fruits and vegetables at dinner?" and personal and home food environmental factors, including food availability, child fruit/vegetable intake, and healthy eating index (HEI), adjusted for race and receipt of public assistance. Parents reported their children had half their plates filled with FV at dinner on average 2.7 times in the past week. With each reported child intake of FV, the odds of having half their plates filled with FV were almost one and a half times greater; there were significantly higher odds of children having half their plates filled with FV with greater children's HEI, parent and child cooking skills and self-efficacy to cook healthy meals, family meal frequency, and availability of more types of fruits and vegetables in the home. The findings demonstrate that the MyPlate campaign's message of "half the plate filled with FV" can be used in nutrition interventions focusing on improving the home food environment and increasing children's FV intake; the survey item used in the present study may be effective in capturing adherence to the MyPlate message.
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Lopez NV, Schembre S, Belcher BR, O'Connor S, Maher JP, Arbel R, Margolin G, Dunton GF. Parenting styles, food-related parenting practices, and children's healthy eating: A mediation analysis to examine relationships between parenting and child diet. Appetite 2018; 128:205-213. [PMID: 29920321 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parents exert a strong influence on their children's diet. While authoritative parenting style is linked to healthier weight and dietary outcomes in children, and authoritarian and permissive parenting styles with unhealthy eating, little is known about the mechanisms that mediate these relationships. Feeding styles are often examined in relation to child diet, but they do not consider the social and physical environmental contexts in which dietary behaviors occur. Therefore, this study examined whether parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) were associated with three specific food-related parenting practices - mealtime structural practices (e.g., eating meals as a family), parent modeling of healthy food, and household food rules and whether these parenting practices mediated the association between parenting styles and children's diet. Participants were 174 mother-child dyads. Mothers (68% married, 58% college graduates, Mage = 41 years [SD = 6.2]) reported on their parenting practices using validated scales and parenting style using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Children (52% female, Mage = 10 years [SD = 0.9]) completed two telephone-based 24-hour dietary recalls. Dietary outcomes included the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 score, and fruit and vegetables and added sugar intake. Using PROCESS, multiple mediation cross-sectional analyses with parallel mediators using 10,000 bootstraps were performed. Significant indirect effects were observed with mealtime structure and the relationships between authoritative parenting and HEI-2010 score (b = 0.045, p < .05, CI = [0.006, 0.126]), authoritarian parenting and HEI-2010 score (b = -0.055, p < .05, CI = [-0.167, -0.001]), and permissive parenting and HEI-2010 score (b = -0.093, p < .05, CI = [-0.265, -0.008]). Child diet quality is affected by mealtime structural practices. Further examination of the features by which mealtime structural practices serve as a mechanism for parents to support healthy eating among their children may improve children's diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette V Lopez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Susan Schembre
- Department of Behavioral Science, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Sydney O'Connor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1408 Walker Avenue, 237H Coleman Building, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Reout Arbel
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 South McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 South McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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Direct and indirect effects of parent stress on child obesity risk and added sugar intake in a sample of Southern California adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:3285-3294. [PMID: 28980520 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001700252x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research indicates that children are at higher risk for obesity if their parents have been exposed to a larger number of stressors, yet little is known about effects of parents' subjective, perceived experience of stress on children's eating behaviours and adiposity and whether weight-related parenting practices (i.e. parent rules and positive family meal practices) mediate this relationship. The present study evaluated the direct and mediated relationship between parent perceived stress and child waist circumference and parent stress and child consumption of added sugars one year later. DESIGN Longitudinal panel data. SETTING Eleven communities in Southern California, USA. SUBJECTS Data were collected over two waves from parent-child dyads (n 599). Most parents were female (81 %) and Hispanic (51 %); children were 11 years old on average (sd 1·53; range 7-15 years) and 31 % received free school lunch. RESULTS Perceived parent stress was not significantly associated with child waist circumference or consumption of added sugars one year later, and mediating pathways through parenting practices were not significant. However, parent rules were significantly associated with lower child consumption of added sugars (β=-0·14, P<0·001). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that parent rules about the types of foods children can eat, clearly explained to children, may decrease child consumption of added sugars but not necessarily lead to changes in obesity risk. Parent- and family-based interventions that support development of healthy rules about child eating have the potential to improve child dietary nutrient intake.
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Mothers' self-reported grocery shopping behaviours with their 2- to 7-year-old children: relationship between feeding practices and mothers' willingness to purchase child-requested nutrient-poor, marketed foods, and fruits and vegetables. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:3343-3348. [PMID: 28877773 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017002142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess relationships between mothers' feeding practices (food as a reward, food for emotion regulation, modelling of healthy eating) and mothers' willingness to purchase child-marketed foods and fruits/vegetables (F&V) requested by their children during grocery co-shopping. DESIGN Cross-sectional. Mothers completed an online survey that included questions about feeding practices and willingness (i.e. intentions) to purchase child-requested foods during grocery co-shopping. Feeding practices scores were dichotomized at the median. Foods were grouped as nutrient-poor or nutrient-dense (F&V) based on national nutrition guidelines. Regression models compared mothers with above-the-median v. at-or-below-the-median feeding practices scores on their willingness to purchase child-requested food groupings, adjusting for demographic covariates. SETTING Participants completed an online survey generated at a public university in the USA. SUBJECTS Mothers (n 318) of 2- to 7-year-old children. RESULTS Mothers who scored above-the-median on using food as a reward were more willing to purchase nutrient-poor foods (β=0·60, P<0·0001), mothers who scored above-the-median on use of food for emotion regulation were more willing to purchase nutrient-poor foods (β=0·29, P<0·0031) and mothers who scored above-the-median on modelling of healthy eating were more willing to purchase nutrient-dense foods (β=0·22, P<0·001) than were mothers with at-or-below-the-median scores, adjusting for demographic covariates. CONCLUSIONS Mothers who reported using food to control children's behaviour were more willing to purchase child-requested, nutrient-poor foods. Parental feeding practices may facilitate or limit children's foods requested in grocery stores. Parent-child food consumer behaviours should be investigated as a route that may contribute to children's eating patterns.
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Santiago-Torres M, Adams AK, Carrel AL, LaRowe TL, Schoeller DA. Home food availability, parental dietary intake, and familial eating habits influence the diet quality of urban Hispanic children. Child Obes 2014; 10:408-15. [PMID: 25259675 PMCID: PMC4195232 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The home food environment influences children's eating behaviors and potentially affects overall diet quality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the home food environment and Hispanic children's diet quality. METHODS Hispanic children, 10-14 years of age (n=187), and their parents participated in this cross-sectional study. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used to determine diet quality based on reported dietary intake obtained through a food frequency questionnaire administered to the children. Parents self-reported home food availability, familial eating habits, and their own habitual diet through a home environment survey. RESULTS The children's HEI total score was 59.4±8.8. Reported diets did not adhere to the dietary recommendations for total vegetables, greens and beans, whole grains, seafood and plant proteins, fatty acids, refined grains, sodium, solid fats, and added sugars. None of the participants had "good" scores (HEI, >80), 86% had scores that "need improvement" (HEI, 51-80), and 14% had "poor" scores (HEI, <50). Children with lower HEI scores had sugar-sweetened beverages available at home and participated in family meals while watching television more frequently, when compared with children with higher HEI scores. CONCLUSIONS Home food availability, parental diet, and familial eating habits seem to play an important role in the diet quality of children. Interventions targeting family education on healthful dietary habits at home could have a positive impact on children's diet quality and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Santiago-Torres
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Alexandra K. Adams
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aaron L. Carrel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Tara L. LaRowe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Dale A. Schoeller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
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Elder JP, Crespo NC, Corder K, Ayala GX, Slymen DJ, Lopez NV, Moody JS, McKenzie TL. Childhood obesity prevention and control in city recreation centres and family homes: the MOVE/me Muevo Project. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:218-31. [PMID: 23754782 PMCID: PMC3785546 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions to prevent and control childhood obesity have shown mixed results in terms of short- and long-term changes. OBJECTIVES 'MOVE/me Muevo' was a 2-year family- and recreation centre-based randomized controlled trial to promote healthy eating and physical activity among 5- to 8-year-old children. It was hypothesized that children in the intervention group would demonstrate lower post-intervention body mass index (BMI) values and improved obesity-related behaviours compared with the control group children. METHODS Thirty recreation centres in San Diego County, California, were randomized to an intervention or control condition. Five hundred forty-one families were enrolled and children's BMI, diet, physical activity and other health indicators were tracked from baseline to 2 years post-baseline. Analyses followed an intent-to-treat approach using mixed-effects models. RESULTS No significant intervention effects were observed for the primary outcomes of child's or parent's BMI and child's waist circumference. Moderator analyses, however, showed that girls (but not boys) in the intervention condition reduced their BMI. At the 2-year follow-up, intervention condition parents reported that their children were consuming fewer high-fat foods and sugary beverages. CONCLUSIONS Favourable implementation fidelity and high retention rates support the feasibility of this intervention in a large metropolitan area; however, interventions of greater intensity may be needed to achieve effects on child's BMI. Also, further research is needed to develop gender-specific intervention strategies so that both genders may benefit from such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Elder
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Papaioannou MA, Cross MB, Power TG, Liu Y, Qu H, Shewchuk RM, Hughes SO. Feeding style differences in food parenting practices associated with fruit and vegetable intake in children from low-income families. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 45:643-651. [PMID: 23860101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the moderating effects of feeding styles on the relationship between food parenting practices and fruit and vegetable (F & V) intake in low-income families with preschool-aged children. DESIGN Focus group meetings with Head Start parents were conducted by using the nominal group technique. Parents completed information on food parenting practices and feeding styles. Three dietary recalls were collected on each child. SETTING Parents completed measures in Head Start centers and/or over the telephone. PARTICIPANTS 667 parents of preschool-aged children participated. OUTCOMES Food parenting practices and F & V intake. ANALYSIS Mean differences in the food parenting practices across the 4 feeding styles were established through multivariate general linear modeling using MANOVA. Moderated multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the moderating role of feeding style on food parenting practices and child F & V intake. RESULTS The indulgent feeding style moderated the relationship between food parenting practices and child F & V intake. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study indicates that parents' feeding styles have a moderating effect on the relationship between the food parenting practices and children's F & V intake. This finding can facilitate the development of interventions aimed at reducing childhood overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Papaioannou
- Department of Pediatrics, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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