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Alderbi RM, Alam MZ, Alghamdi BS, Alsufiani HM, Abd El-Aziz GS, Omar UM, Al-Ghamdi MA. Neurotherapeutic impact of vanillic acid and ibudilast on the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2025; 17:1503396. [PMID: 39866908 PMCID: PMC11760597 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1503396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects 2.8 million people worldwide. Although the cause is unknown, various risk factors might be involved. MS involves the immune system attacking the central nervous system's myelin sheath, leading to neuron damage. This study used a cuprizone (CPZ)-intoxicated mouse model to simulate MS's demyelination/remyelination process. It evaluated the molecular, histological, and behavioral effects of vanillic acid (VA), a natural phenolic acid, alone and with Ibudilast (IBD), a clinically tested MS medication. Mice were divided into a control group (regular chow) and a CPZ group (0.3% cuprizone chow for 5 consecutive weeks). During remyelination, the CPZ group was split into four groups: no therapy, 10 mg/kg of IBD, 30 mg/kg of VA, and combined, each treated for 4 weeks. Behavioral, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological tests occurred in the 5th week (demyelination), 7th (early remyelination), and 9th (late remyelination). Cognitive assessments were at weeks 5 and 9. VA enhanced motor, coordination, and cognitive impairments in CPZ-intoxicated mice and improved histopathological, molecular, and biochemical features during early remyelination. IBD improved behavioral abnormalities across all tests, but combined therapy showed no significant difference from single therapies. Further investigations are necessary to understand VA's mechanisms and potential as an MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M. Alderbi
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z. Alam
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeil M. Alsufiani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal S. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat M. Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najlaa Bint Saud Al-Saud Center of Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vitamin D Pharmacogenomics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Keshavarz F, Mokhtari MJ, Poursadeghfard M. Increased level of GATA3-AS1 long non-coding RNA is correlated with the upregulation of GATA3 and IL-4 genes in multiple sclerosis patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:874. [PMID: 39080124 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play various roles in gene regulation. GATA3 antisense RNA 1 (GATA3-AS1) is an lncRNA gene neighboring GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). The current study aims to quantitatively compare the levels of the expression of GATA3-AS1, GATA3, and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples of MS patients and healthy individuals under the hypothesis of regulation of GATA3 and IL-4 expression orchestrated by GATA3-AS1. METHODS AND RESULTS In this case-control study, the GATA3-AS1, GATA3 and IL-4 expression profiles were assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Also, we assessed the IL-4 levels in the serum. The median fold changes in MS patients vs. controls were (4.39 ± 0.38 vs. 2.44 ± 0.20) for GATA3-AS1, (5.22 ± 0.51 vs. 2.86 ± 0.30) for GATA3, and (6.16 ± 0.52 vs. 3.57 ± 0.38) for IL-4, (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean serum levels of IL-4 were 30.85 ± 1.53 pg/ml in MS patients and 11.15 ± 4.23 pg/ml in healthy controls (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the level of GATA3-AS1 might serve as a biomarker for diagnosing MS patients with the area under the curve (AUC = 0.918, P < 0.0001). Based on our results, this GATA3-AS1/GATA3/IL-4 pathway may increase IL-4 expression in MS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a probably regulatory function for GATA3-AS1and the levels of GATA3-AS1 in blood could be important biomarkers for MS diagnosis. To confirm and be more certain of these results, it is necessary to study neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and asthma patients in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Department of Biology, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Poursadeghfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Amoriello R, Memo C, Ballerini L, Ballerini C. The brain cytokine orchestra in multiple sclerosis: from neuroinflammation to synaptopathology. Mol Brain 2024; 17:4. [PMID: 38263055 PMCID: PMC10807071 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS, contributing to physiological immunosurveillance and homeostatic synaptic scaling. CKs are peptide, pleiotropic molecules involved in a broad range of cellular functions, with a pivotal role in resolving the inflammation and promoting tissue healing. However, pro-inflammatory CKs can exert a detrimental effect in pathological conditions, spreading the damage. In the inflamed CNS, CKs recruit immune cells, stimulate the local production of other inflammatory mediators, and promote synaptic dysfunction. Our understanding of neuroinflammation in humans owes much to the study of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common autoimmune and demyelinating disease, in which autoreactive T cells migrate from the periphery to the CNS after the encounter with a still unknown antigen. CNS-infiltrating T cells produce pro-inflammatory CKs that aggravate local demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review aims to recapitulate the state of the art about CKs role in the healthy and inflamed CNS, with focus on recent advances bridging the study of adaptive immune system and neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Amoriello
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Christian Memo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Clara Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy.
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Tekin I, Manisa Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Algology, Manisa, Turkey, Kosova F, Manisa Celal Bayar University School of Vocational Health Service, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Manisa, Turkey;. The level pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain under pulse radiofrequency therapy. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a frequent and recurrent condition, often with a non-specific cause. Conventional treatment methods are generally insufficient in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The aim of the study was to estimate the level of IFN, IL-1, IL-6 (proinflammatory), IL-10, IL-4 (anti-inflammatory) and VEGF proteins in the serum of patients with chronic mechanical low back pain under Pulse radiofrequency (PRF) therapy. The study was carried out on 40 patients 20-60 years old, diagnosed with chronic low back pain for at least 4 months, primary complaint on lumbosacral low back pain, pain intensity VAS (visual analog scale) score of 5 and above, not responding well to conservative treatment (analgesic drugs, physiotherapy, etc.). Therapeutic Radiofrequency applications were carried out with an RF generator (RFG 3C Plus, Radionics). Blood samples were taken 1 day before interventional treatment (control), then 1 day (group1) and 15 days (group 2) after. The serum level of IFN, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-4 and VEGF l was analyzed with ELISA test. It was shown that as a result of PRF treatment the level of IL-1 was decreased while the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were increased. It was concluded that the increase in serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines may be correlated with the severity of pain and that the increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines reduces pain by reducing inflammation. Keywords: chronic low back pain, cytokines, radiofrequency therapy
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Navi Z, Fata A, Jafari Rad M, Mogaddas E, Mahmoudi M, Rastin M, Mousavi Bazaz M, Lavi Arab F, Sahab Negah S, Reza Heidari A. Dicrocoelium ova can block the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12792. [PMID: 32920871 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed at investigating the impact of Dicrocoelium ova on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) treatment in C57BL6 mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice were assigned into four groups as PBS, prophylaxis (P), treatment1 (T1) and treatment2 (T2). Prior to induction of EAE in prophylaxis group and on days 7 and 18 in T1 and T2 groups, respectively, Dicrocoelium eggs were injected intraperitoneally to each mouse. The clinical score, weight changes and incidence time of EAE were recorded. IFN-γ and IL-4 expression is quantified on spleen cells. Also, histopathological study by (H&E) and Toluidine-Blue (TB), and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) were performed. The data were analysed using SPSS version 21. Mean disease scores were significantly lower in P and T1 groups than the PBS group (P = .01). IFN-γ was lower in P and T1 groups than the PBS group. The highest level of IL-4 was observed in T1 group. The total number of neuroglia cells of corpus callosum was similar in all groups, but the density increased in T1 group compared to the PBS group (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Dicrocoelium eggs have a great potential to stimulate immunomodulation towards treatment of EAE during the initial phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Navi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Fata
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Jafari Rad
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Mogaddas
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mousavi Bazaz
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Lavi Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Iran and Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Heidari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mousavi-Shirazi-Fard Z, Mazloom Z, Izadi S, Fararouei M. The effects of modified anti-inflammatory diet on fatigue, quality of life, and inflammatory biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:657-665. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1750398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mousavi-Shirazi-Fard
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazloom
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Izadi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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7
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Bok E, Cho EJ, Chung ES, Shin WH, Jin BK. Interleukin-4 Contributes to Degeneration of Dopamine Neurons in the Lipopolysaccharide-treated Substantia Nigra in vivo. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:309-319. [PMID: 30181693 PMCID: PMC6120964 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.4.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of interleukin (IL)-4 on dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in vivo of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry showed a significant loss of nigral DA neurons at 3 and 7 day post-LPS. In parallel, IL-4 immunoreactivity was upregulated as early as 1 day, reached a peak at 3 day and remained elevated at 7 day post-LPS. IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected exclusively in microglia. IL-4 neutralizing antibody (NA) significantly increased survival of DA neurons in LPS-treated SN in vivo by inhibiting microglial activation and production of proinflammatory mediator such as IL-1β as assessed by immunihistochemical, RT-PCR and ELISA analysis, respectively. Accompanying neuroprotection are IL-4NA effects on decreased disruption of blood-brain barrier and astrocytes. The present data suggest that endogenously expressed IL-4 from reactive microglia may be involved in the neuropathological processes of degeneration of DA neurons occurring in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Bok
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Won-Ho Shin
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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8
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Neelofar K, Ahmad J, Ahmad A, Alam K. Study of IL4-590C/T and IL6-174G/C Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in North Indian Population. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1803-1809. [PMID: 27996163 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To explore the associations between potential functional promoter polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory (IL-4(-590C/T) and IL-6(-174G/C) cytokine genes, and kidney dysfunction in North Indian type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic kidney disease. A total of 150 subjects aged 25-75 year were included in this study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum creatinine were estimated. PCR was performed to analyse genotype distribution in IL-4 (-590T/C) and IL-6 (-174G/C) among healthy, type 2 diabetic patients with or without CKD. The genotype distributions were determined by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CKD patients showed lower GFR (59.36 ± 1.33 ml/min/1.73 m2 ) and higher serum creatinine (1.93 ± 0.99% mg) level in comparison to diabetic patients without CKD and healthy subjects. Genotypic distribution of the different genotypes among the study groups in IL-4 gene was genotype CC = 30, TC = 12, and TT = 8 in CKD patients. In type 2 diabetic patients without CKD, genotype distribution was CC = 38, TC = 10, and TT = 2. In healthy subjects, distribution of genotype was CC = 35, TC = 14, and TT = 1. The distribution of different genotype among the study groups for IL-6 gene was GG = 27, GC = 20, and CC = 3 in healthy subjects; GG = 28, GC = 19, and CC = 3 in diabetic patients without CKD and GG = 38, GC = 11, and CC = 1 in diabetic patients with CKD. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype frequencies between healthy subjects and diabetic patients without CKD but a significant difference was found in diabetic patients with CKD. The functional promoter polymorphisms IL4-590C/T and IL6-174G/C, which affect the IL-4 and IL-6 levels in north Indian subjects, were associated with kidney dysfunction and CKD. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1803-1809, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Neelofar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Arif Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Yousefi A, Mahmoudi E, Zare Bidoki A, Najmi Varzaneh F, Baradaran Noveiry B, Sadr M, Motamed F, Najafi M, Farahmand F, Rezaei N. IL4 gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 10:659-63. [PMID: 26735262 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1139449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic long-lasting hepatocellular inflammation associated with circulating auto antibodies. In addition to the genetic component, several cytokines have been implicated to be involved in AIH. This study was performed to investigate potential associations of AIH with IL4 gene variants. METHOD The studied alleles and genotypes included: IL4G/T allele polymorphisms at position -1098 and C/T allele polymorphisms at two positions (-33 and -590) on the IL4 gene, in addition to the A/G allele polymorphisms at position +1902 on the IL4RA gene. RESULT The IL4 C allele and CC genotype at position -590 and TT genotype at position -33 had a significantly higher frequency in AIH patients. CONCLUSION This study identified the IL4 C allele and CC genotype susceptibility gene in AIH, which will provide better insights into the mechanisms of AIH and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizollah Yousefi
- a Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Elham Mahmoudi
- b Molecular Immunology Research Center; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Zare Bidoki
- c Thrombosis Hemostasis Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farnaz Najmi Varzaneh
- b Molecular Immunology Research Center; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behnoud Baradaran Noveiry
- b Molecular Immunology Research Center; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Sadr
- b Molecular Immunology Research Center; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farzaneh Motamed
- a Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehri Najafi
- a Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farahmand
- a Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- b Molecular Immunology Research Center; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran.,e Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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10
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A polymorphism in IL4 may associate with sensory neuropathy in African HIV patients. Mol Immunol 2013; 55:197-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Toumi A, Abida O, Ben Ayed M, Masmoudi A, Turki H, Masmoudi H. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in Tunisian endemic pemphigus foliaceus: a possible role of il-4 variants. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:658-65. [PMID: 23376457 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism in the genes of TH2 cytokines and/or theirs receptors can influence serum cytokine levels in and the switch to the pathologic IgG4 auto-antibodies. In order to underline the role of these genes in the aethiopathogenesis of Pemphigus Foliaceus, we conduct a familial and a case control studies including 80 Tunisian patients, 147 related subjects and 160 matched healthy controls. We investigated, by PCR-RFLP technique, seven nucleotide polymorphisms: rs2243250 in promoter region of IL4 gene, rs47877948, rs3024530 and rs30246223 in the IL4R gene, rs1881457and rs205412 SNPs in IL13 gene and rs535036 in IL13RA2 gene. After Bonferroni adjustment, T allele and the TT genotype of IL4-590 were significantly increased in the PF patients group compared to healthy controls. This association was confirmed by the family study. Interestingly, the serum IL-4 levels were significantly increased in patients with the TT genotype compared to CT or CC genotypes. Interestingly, the IL4/IL13:T-A-C haplotype exhibited a significant effect on PF susceptibility. In addition, a significant gene-gene interaction between the IL4/IL4R (TACA) significantly increases in PF patients as compared to controls. These findings assess the role of the IL4/IL4R axis in the aethiopathogenesis of Tunisian endemic PF by the induction of a high transcriptional activity which could enhance the T-cell balance and inducing immunoglobulin isotype switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Toumi
- Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
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12
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Arababadi MK, Mosavi R, Ravari A, Teimori H, Hassanshahi G. Association of interleukin-4 polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis in southeastern Iranian patients. Ann Saudi Med 2012; 32:127-30. [PMID: 22366824 PMCID: PMC6086643 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2012.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Immune system-related factors are important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interleukin 4 (IL-4) as a helper T cell (2TH) cytokine is involved in the regulation of immune responses. Hence, this study was designed to explore the association between MS and polymorphisms in the -590 region of IL-4. DESIGN AND SETTING A descriptive study at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsnajan from September 2009 to August 2010. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from 100 MS patients and 150 healthy controls on EDTA precoated tubes. DNA was extracted and analyzed for IL-4 polymorphisms using restricted fragment length polymorphism in patients and controls. Demographic data were also collected by a questionnaire that was designed specifically for this study. RESULTS We observed a significant difference in the C/C, T/C, and T/T genotypes of the -590 region of IL-4 between patients with MS and healthy controls (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that functional polymorphisms of IL-4 possibly play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Nikolopoulos GK, Masgala A, Tsiara C, Limitsiou OK, Karnaouri AC, Dimou NL, Bagos PG. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of 45 studies including 7379 cases and 8131 controls. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:944-51. [PMID: 21299734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G K Nikolopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
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Marcos M, Pastor I, González-Sarmiento R, Laso FJ. Common polymorphisms in interleukin genes (IL4, IL6, IL8 and IL12) are not associated with alcoholic liver disease or alcoholism in Spanish men. Cytokine 2009; 45:158-61. [PMID: 19185507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary data suggest that polymorphisms in cytokine genes may be involved in the genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver cirrhosis or alcohol use disorders. We thus analyze the association between these diseases and the following polymorphisms: -33T>C IL4, -174 G>C IL6, -251 T>A IL8 and 1188 A>C IL12B. METHODS 258 male alcoholics (161 without liver disease and 97 with liver cirrhosis) and 101 healthy controls were genotyped for the above mentioned polymorphisms. We examined the relationship between genotype and allele frequencies and the presence of disease, as well as the correlation with combinations of putative pro-inflammatory genotypes. Haplotypes were inferred using the expectation-maximization algorithm and haplotype frequencies were compared. RESULTS We found no statistically significant association between any of these polymorphisms or the combinations of pro-inflammatory polymorphisms and the risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis or alcohol abuse or dependence. Haplotype analysis of the IL4 and IL12B polymorphisms did not show any statistical relationship either. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the hypothesis that the analyzed polymorphisms confer differences in alcoholic liver cirrhosis or alcohol use disorders susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Marcos
- Unidad de Alcoholismo, Servicio de Medicina Interna II, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Fortunato G, Calcagno G, Bresciamorra V, Salvatore E, Filla A, Capone S, Liguori R, Borelli S, Gentile I, Borrelli F, Borgia G, Sacchetti L. Multiple sclerosis and hepatitis C virus infection are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in interferon pathway genes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008; 28:141-52. [PMID: 18338947 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2007.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interferon (IFN) pathway to determine their contribution to multiple sclerosis (MS) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of 182 patients with MS, 103 patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 118 control subjects were enrolled in the study. Of the 35 SNPs studied, 3 were in IFN-alpha receptor (IFNAR-1), 10 in IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR-2), 9 in Stat1, 5 in Stat2, and 8 in IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). Compared to controls, Stat1 gene polymorphisms were significantly more frequent in MS patients (rs# 2066802 OR = 7.46, 95% CI = 2.22-25.10; rs# 1547550 OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.01-2.81) and in HCV patients (rs# 2066802 OR = 5.95, 95% CI = 1.55-22.81; rs# 1547550 OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.24-4.24). Also one IRF-1 gene SNP was associated with MS (rs# 2070721 OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.03-4.09), and four IRF-1 gene SNPs were associated with HCV infection (rs# 2070721 OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.23-5.43; rs# 2070723 OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.26-18.20; rs# 2070728 OR = 9.81, 95% CI = 1.21-79.4; rs# 2070729 OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.23-10.48; rs# 839 OR = 4.67, 95%CI = 1.29-16.87). Characteristic nucleotide combinations on single chromosomes (haplotype) generated block structures, including SNPs, that differed between patients and controls. Using a permutation test to detect differences in haplotype distribution between groups, the CCATTGA and the CCGAA haplotypes in the IRF-1 gene were more frequent in MS (p = 0.03) and in HCV patients (p = 0.001) than in controls. In conclusion, our data show that genetic variants in the IRF-1 and Stat1 genes of the IFN pathway are associated with MS and HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Ramagopalan SV, Deluca GC, Degenhardt A, Ebers GC. The genetics of clinical outcome in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 201-202:183-99. [PMID: 18632165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), the clinical course of which varies considerably between patients. Genetic complexity and interactions with as yet unknown environmental factors have hindered researchers from fully elucidating the aetiology of the disease. In addition to influencing disease susceptibility, epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic factors may affect phenotypic expression of the disease. Genes that affect clinical outcome may be more effective therapeutic targets than those which determine susceptibility. We present in this review a comprehensive survey of the genes (both MHC- and non-MHC-related) that have been investigated for their role in disease outcome in MS. Recent studies implicating the role of the genotype and epistatic interactions in the MHC in determining outcome are highlighted.
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Nuñez C, Santiago JL, Varadé J, de la Calle H, Figueredo MÁ, Fernandez-Gutierrez B, de la Concha EG, Urcelay E, Martínez A. IL4 in the 5q31 context: association studies of type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis in the Spanish population. Immunogenetics 2007; 60:19-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-007-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Niino M, Fukazawa T, Kikuchi S, Sasaki H. Recent advances in genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis: genetic associations and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Neurother 2007; 7:1175-88. [PMID: 17868016 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.7.9.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have confirmed that genetic factors are a key component in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and that those determining MS susceptibility have been extensively studied. Many papers have been published regarding the heritable differences useful in genetic studies; these include variations in DNA, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microsatellites and insertion/deletion polymorphisms. However, to date, among other regions, HLA is the only region confirmed to possess genes that determine MS susceptibility. In this article, we review the progress during the last 5 years in the studies on the susceptibility genes and the pharmacogenetics of MS. Newer techniques and methods of analysis will hopefully result in better screening of individuals who are at highest risk and novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Niino
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
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Kara N, Keles GC, Sumer P, Gunes SO, Bagci H, Koprulu H, Bek Y. Association of the polymorphisms in promoter and intron regions of the interleukin-4 gene with chronic periodontitis in a Turkish population. Acta Odontol Scand 2007; 65:292-7. [PMID: 17851828 DOI: 10.1080/00016350701644040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The etiology of periodontitis is related to the interaction between micro-organisms and host responses. Host modifying factors, such as genetic predisposition, may increase the severity of periodontitis. Recent works have shown that the levels of cytokine expression are regulated by genetic polymorphisms, and that these variations can interfere with progression of the disease. This study therefore aimed to evaluate whether interleukin (IL) 4 gene polymorphisms are associated with severe generalized chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-five severe generalized chronic periodontitis patients and 73 healthy subjects were examined. Blood samples were taken and genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Identification of 70 base-pair repeat polymorphisms in intron 2 and C-->T polymorphisms at -590 position of the promoter region was performed through PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS No significant differences were found in the allele and genotype frequencies between the control and periodontitis group. CONCLUSION The IL-4 polymorphisms were not related to severe generalized chronic periodontitis in a Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurten Kara
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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