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Kato J, Murase R, Minoshima R, Lu F, Toramaru T, Niki Y, Kosugi S, Morisaki H. Levels of preoperative cerebrospinal fluid pro-inflammatory mediators and chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67:1091-1101. [PMID: 37193632 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery are at high risk of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Accumulating evidence suggests an active role of neuroinflammation in chronic pain. However, its role in the progression to CPSP following TKA surgery remains unanswered. Here, we examined the associations between preoperative neuroinflammatory states and pre- and postsurgical chronic pain in TKA surgery. METHODS The data of 42 patients undergoing elective TKA surgery for chronic knee arthralgia at our hospital were analyzed in this prospective study. Patients completed the following questionnaires: brief pain inventory (BPI), hospital anxiety and depression scale, painDETECT, and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected preoperatively and concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, fractalkine, and CSF-1 were measured by electrochemiluminescence multiplex immunoassay. CPSP severity was ascertained, using the BPI, 6 months postsurgery. RESULTS While no significant correlation was observed between the preoperative CSF mediator levels and preoperative pain profiles, the preoperative fractalkine level in the CSF showed a significant correlation with CPSP severity (Spearman's rho = -0.525; p = .002). Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the preoperative PCS score (standardized β coefficient [β]: .11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.16; p < .001) and CSF fractalkine level (β: -.62; 95% CI: -1.10 to -0.15; p = .012) were independent predictors of CPSP severity 6 months after TKA surgery. CONCLUSIONS We identified the CSF fractalkine level as a potential predictor for CPSP severity following TKA surgery. In addition, our study provided novel insights into the potential role of neuroinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungo Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Murase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Minoshima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fanglin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Doctoral Program, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toramaru
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Niki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kosugi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morisaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu Y, Kong L, Yang A, Xin K, Lu Y, Yan X, Liu W, Zhu Y, Guo Y, Jiang X, Zhou Y, Sun Q, Tang Y, Wu F. Gray matter volume reduction in orbitofrontal cortex correlated with plasma glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels within major depressive disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103341. [PMID: 36739789 PMCID: PMC9932451 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by reduced gray matter volume (GMV). To date, the pathogenesis of MDD remains unclear, but neurotrophic factors play an essential role in the pathophysiological alterations of MDD during disease development. In particular, plasma glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been suggested as a potential biomarker that may be associated with disease activity and neurological progression in MDD. Our study investigated whether plasma GDNF levels in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) are correlated with GMV alterations. METHODS We studied 54 MDD patients and 48 HCs. The effect of different diagnoses on whole-brain GMV was investigated using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The threshold of significance was p < 0.05, and Gaussian random-field (GRF) correction for error was used. All analyses were controlled for covariates such as ethnicity, handedness, age, and gender that could affect GMV. RESULT Compared with the HC group, the GMV in the MDD group was significantly reduced in the right inferior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and plasma GDNF levels were significantly higher in the MDD group than in the HC group. In the right inferior OFC, the GDNF levels were positively correlated with GMV reduction in the MDD group, whereas in the HC group, a negative correlation was observed between GDNF levels and GMV reduction. CONCLUSION Although increased production of GDNF in MDD may help repair neural damage in brain regions associated with brain disease, its repairing effects may be interfered with and hindered by underlying neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anqi Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaiqi Xin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yihui Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xintong Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingrui Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Blichfeldt-Eckhardt MR, Olsen DA, Andersen RF, Toft P, Bendix L. Elevated Levels of PGE2-Metabolite in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cox-2 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Chronic, Post Cholecystectomy Pain and Visceral Hyperalgesia Compared to Healthy Controls. A Hypothesis-Generating Pilot Study. J Pain Res 2022; 15:3921-3929. [PMID: 36540575 PMCID: PMC9760037 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s387502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic, abdominal pain remains a problem in a subset of patients after cholecystectomy. The cause is often obscure but central sensitization may be an important component and could theoretically be mediated by spinal PGE2, which is regulated by several cytokines. The aim of the study was to examine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of participants with post cholecystectomy syndrome and healthy volunteers for signs of PGE2 and cytokine mediated central sensitization. PATIENTS AND METHODS In phase 1 of the study, 83 subjects were included for DNA analysis, eight of these subjects with post cholecystectomy syndrome. We examined the SNPs rs5275, rs16944 and rs1800795 from the Cox-2, IL-1β and IL-6 genes respectively. In phase 2 of the study, we examined concentrations of PGE2-metabolite (PGEM), IL-1β and IL-6 in CSF and plasma from 6 patients with post cholecystectomy syndrome and visceral hyperalgesia and 11 pain free volunteers. RESULTS We found a significant difference in distribution of the rs5275 SNP of the Cox-2 enzyme (CT-genotype=88% in pain group, 45% in pain free group, TT-genotype=0 in pain group, 41% in pain free group, p=0.05) but not in the other SNPs. PGEM, but not IL-6, was significantly elevated in CSF of the pain group (3.6 pg/mL, sd=1.9 vs 2.1 pg/mL, p=0.03), IL-1β was undetectable. CONCLUSION We found elevated PGEM levels in CSF of patients with post cholecystectomy syndrome and visceral hyperalgesia, suggesting a central, possibly inflammatory component to the pain, and overrepresentation of the CT-genotype in the rs5275 SNP in the Cox2 gene, suggesting overexpression of Cox2 as a possible cause for elevated PGEM levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Rune Blichfeldt-Eckhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Multidiciplinary Pain Center of Southern Denmark, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Aalund Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Palle Toft
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Laila Bendix
- Multidiciplinary Pain Center of Southern Denmark, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Glial-derived neurotrophic factor regulates the expression of TREK2 in rat primary sensory neurons leading to attenuation of axotomy-induced neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114190. [PMID: 35907583 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
TREK2 is a member of the 2-pore domain family of K+ channels (K2P) preferentially expressed by unmyelinated, slow-conducting and non-peptidergic isolectin B4-binding (IB4+) primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). IB4+ neurons depend on the glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands (GFL's) to maintain their phenotype. In our previous work, we demonstrated that 7 days after spinal nerve axotomy (SNA) of the L5 DRG, TREK2 moves away from the cell membrane resulting in a more depolarised resting membrane potential (Em). Given that axotomy deprives DRG neurons from peripherally-derived GFL's, we hypothesized that they might control the expression of TREK2. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, western blotting, in vivo pharmacological manipulation and behavioral tests we examined the ability of the GFL's (GDNF, neurturin and artemin) and their selective receptors (GFRα1, GFRα2 and GFRα3) to regulate the expression and function of TREK2 in the DRG. We found that TREK2 correlated strongly with the three receptors normally and ipsilaterally for all GFR's after SNA. GDNF, but not NGF, neurturin or artemin up-regulated the expression of TREK2 in cultured DRG neurons. In vivo continuous, subcutaneous administration of GDNF restored the subcellular distribution of TREK2 ipsilaterally and reversed mechanical and cold allodynia 7 days after SNA. This is the first demonstration that GDNF controls the expression of a K2P channel in nociceptors. As TREK2 controls the Em of C-nociceptors affecting their excitability, our finding has therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic pain.
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Xu K, Jiang X, Ariston Gabriel AN, Li X, Wang Y, Xu S. Evolving Landscape of Long Non-coding RNAs in Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Key Role From Diagnosis to Therapy in Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737670. [PMID: 34692695 PMCID: PMC8529119 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs that act as molecular fingerprints and modulators of many pathophysiological processes, particularly in cancer. Specifically, lncRNAs can be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of brain tumors, affecting stemness/differentiation, replication, invasion, survival, DNA damage response, and chromatin dynamics. Furthermore, the aberrations in the expressions of these transcripts can promote treatment resistance, leading to tumor recurrence. The development of next-generation sequencing technologies and the creation of lncRNA-specific microarrays have boosted the study of lncRNA etiology. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) directly mirrors the biological fluid of biochemical processes in the brain. It can be enriched for small molecules, peptides, or proteins released by the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) or immune cells. Therefore, strategies that identify and target CSF lncRNAs may be attractive as early diagnostic and therapeutic options. In this review, we have reviewed the studies on CSF lncRNAs in the context of brain tumor pathogenesis and progression and discuss their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | | | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Hematology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Bjurström MF, Bodelsson M, Irwin MR, Orbjörn C, Hansson O, Mattsson-Carlgren N. Decreased pain sensitivity and alterations of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma inflammatory mediators after total hip arthroplasty in patients with disabling osteoarthritis. Pain Pract 2021; 22:66-82. [PMID: 34143556 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proinflammatory mechanisms are implicated in pain states. Recent research indicates that patients with osteoarthritis (OA) with signs of central sensitization exhibit elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). METHODS The current prospective cohort study, including 15 patients with OA, primarily aimed to evaluate associations among alterations in CSF IP-10, Flt-1, MCP-1, and pain sensitization following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Participants provided CSF and blood samples for analysis of 10 proinflammatory mediators, and underwent detailed clinical examination and quantitative sensory testing, immediately preoperative and 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Neurophysiological measures of pain showed markedly reduced pain sensitivity long-term postoperative. Increases in remote site pressure pain detection thresholds (PPDTs) and decreased temporal summation indicated partial resolution of previous central sensitization. Compared to preoperative, CSF concentrations of IP-10 were increased (p = 0.041), whereas neither Flt-1 (p = 0.112) nor MCP-1 levels changed (p = 0.650). Compared to preoperative, plasma concentrations of IP-10 were increased (p = 0.006), whereas interleukin (IL)-8 was decreased (p = 0.023). Subjects who exhibited increases in arm PPDTs above median showed greater increases in CSF IP-10 compared to those with PPDT increases below median (p = 0.028). Analyses of plasma IP-10 and IL-8 indicated higher levels of peripheral inflammation were linked to decreased pressure pain thresholds (unadjusted β = -0.79, p = 0.006, and β = -118.1, p = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS THA leads to long-term decreases in pain sensitivity, indicative of resolution of sensitization processes. Changes in CSF and plasma levels of IP-10, and plasma IL-8, may be associated with altered pain phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Bjurström
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mikael Bodelsson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Camilla Orbjörn
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Differential expression of cerebrospinal fluid neuroinflammatory mediators depending on osteoarthritis pain phenotype. Pain 2021; 161:2142-2154. [PMID: 32384383 PMCID: PMC7431139 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Distinct cerebrospinal fluid neuroinflammatory profiles may be associated with different objective characteristics of persistent pain in osteoarthritis patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Neuroinflammation is implicated in the development and maintenance of persistent pain states, but there are limited data linking cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory mediators with neurophysiological pain processes in humans. In a prospective observational study, CSF inflammatory mediators were compared between patients with osteoarthritis (OA) who were undergoing total hip arthroplasty due to disabling pain symptoms (n = 52) and pain-free comparison controls (n = 30). In OA patients only, detailed clinical examination and quantitative sensory testing were completed. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were analyzed for 10 proinflammatory mediators using Meso Scale Discovery platform. Compared to controls, OA patients had higher CSF levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) (P = 0.002), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (P = 0.007), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (P = 0.006). Osteoarthritis patients with central sensitization possibly indicated by arm pressure pain detection threshold <250 kPa showed significantly higher CSF levels of Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1) (P = 0.044) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (P = 0.024), as compared to subjects with PPDT above that threshold. In patients reporting pain numerical rating scale score ≥3/10 during peripheral venous cannulation, Flt-1 was elevated (P = 0.025), and in patients with punctate stimulus wind-up ratio ≥2, CSF monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 was higher (P = 0.011). Multiple logistic regression models showed that increased Flt-1 was associated with central sensitization, assessed by remote-site PPDT and peripheral venous cannulation pain, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 with temporal summation in the area of maximum pain. Multiple proinflammatory mediators measured in CSF are associated with persistent hip OA-related pain. Pain phenotype may be influenced by specific CSF neuroinflammatory profiles.
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Palada V, Ahmed AS, Freyhult E, Hugo A, Kultima K, Svensson CI, Kosek E. Elevated inflammatory proteins in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with painful knee osteoarthritis are associated with reduced symptom severity. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577391. [PMID: 32987275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and periphery-to-CNS neuroimmune cross-talk in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood. We utilized proximity extension assay to measure the level of 91 inflammatory proteins in CSF and serum from OA patients and controls. The patients had elevated levels of 48 proteins in CSF indicating neuroinflammation. Ten proteins were correlated between CSF and serum and potentially involved in periphery-to-CNS neuroimmune cross-talk. Seven CSF proteins, all with previously reported neuroprotective effects, were associated with lower pain intensity and milder knee-related symptoms. Our findings indicate that neuroinflammation in OA could be protective and associated with less severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Palada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Aisha Siddiqah Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Anders Hugo
- Ortho Center Stockholm, 194 89 Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
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Shakouri SK, Dolatkhah N, Omidbakhsh S, Pishgahi A, Hashemian M. Serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers levels are associated with pain intensity, pressure pain threshold and quality of life in myofascial pain syndrome. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:510. [PMID: 33160410 PMCID: PMC7648320 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the serum concentrations of some inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in relation with pain intensity and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) compared to healthy controls. This study is a case-control study. The participants were selected from MPS patients who referred to rehabilitation outpatient clinics of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. RESULTS Serum hs-CRP (4.68 ± 4.36 vs. 2.92 ± 4.55 g/mlµ respectively, p = 0.011), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) (6.81 ± 2.22 vs. 4.73 ± 2.97 pg/ml respectively, p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (2.63 ± 0.71 vs. 1.98 ± 0.90 nmol/ml respectively, p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (2.46 ± 0.49 vs. 2.83 ± 0.82 mmol/L respectively, p = 0.011) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (78.89 ± 37.93 vs. 154.25 ± 115.93 U/ml respectively, p < 0.001) levels were significantly lower in the MPS patients compared to healthy controls. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level was significantly and positively associated with resting (r = 0.349, p = 0.019), activity (r = 0.295, p = 0.049) and night pain (r = 0.304, p = 0.043) intensities, pressure pain threshold (PPT) (r = 0.210, p = 0.047) and pain duration (r = 0.283, p = 0.007). Serum TAC level was significantly and negatively associated with resting pain intensity (r = -0.312, p = 0.037). Some scales and subscales of quality of life were positively correlated with serum TAC level and negatively associated with serum hs-CRP and PLA2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Dolatkhah
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Emam Reza Hospital, Golgasht, Azadi Ave, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Omidbakhsh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Pishgahi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemian
- Department of Biology, School of Art and Science, Utica College, Utica, NY, USA
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10
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Zin C, Mizher H, Helal Uddin A, Mohamed A, Ling T, Izzat M. Plasma Concentrations of Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-6 and Antiinflammatory Cytokine IL-10 in Short- and Long-term Opioid Users with Noncancer Pain. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S663-S666. [PMID: 33828357 PMCID: PMC8021053 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_13_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Objectives: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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11
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Hansson E, Skiöldebrand E. Low-grade inflammation causes gap junction-coupled cell dysfunction throughout the body, which can lead to the spread of systemic inflammation. Scand J Pain 2019; 19:639-649. [PMID: 31251727 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gap junction-coupled cells form networks in different organs in the body. These networks can be affected by inflammatory stimuli and become dysregulated. Cell signaling is also changed through connexin-linked gap junctions. This alteration affects the surrounding cells and extracellular matrix in organs. These changes can cause the spread of inflammatory substances, thus affecting other network-linked cells in other organs in the body, which can give rise to systemic inflammation, which in turn can lead to pain that can turn into chronic. METHODS This is a review based on literature search and our own research data of inflammatory stimuli that can affect different organs and particularly gap-junction-coupled cells throughout the body. CONCLUSIONS A remaining question is which cell type or tissue is first affected by inflammatory stimuli. Can endotoxin exposure through the air, water and body start the process and are mast cells the first target cells that have the capacity to alter the physiological status of gap junction-coupled cells, thereby causing breakdown of different barrier systems? IMPLICATIONS Is it possible to address the right cellular and biochemical parameters and restore inflammatory systems to a normal physiological level by therapeutic strategies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 7, 3rd Floor, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden, Phone: +46-31-786 3363
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Persistent, in particular neuropathic pain affects millions of people worldwide. However, the response rate of patients to existing analgesic drugs is less than 50%. There are several possibilities to increase this response rate, such as optimization of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of analgesics. Another promising approach is to use prognostic biomarkers in patients to determine the optimal pharmacological therapy for each individual. Here, we discuss recent efforts to identify plasma and CSF biomarkers, as well as genetic biomarkers and sensory testing, and how these readouts could be exploited for the prediction of a suitable pharmacological treatment. Collectively, the information on single biomarkers may be stored in knowledge bases and processed by machine-learning and related artificial intelligence techniques, resulting in the optimal pharmacological treatment for individual pain patients. We highlight the potential for biomarker-based individualized pain therapies and discuss biomarker reliability and their utility in clinical practice, as well as limitations of this approach.
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Characterization of neuroinflammation and periphery-to-CNS inflammatory cross-talk in patients with disc herniation and degenerative disc disease. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 75:60-71. [PMID: 30248387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of the study was to identify inflammatory cytokines/chemokines associated with neuroinflammation and periphery-to-CNS inflammatory cross-talk in degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH), common causes of low back pain (LBP). A secondary aim was to investigate the associations between cytokines and symptom severity. METHODS In total, 40 DDD and 40 LDH patients were recruited from a surgical waiting list, as well as 39 healthy controls (HC) and 40 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) controls. The subjects completed questionnaires and pressure algometry was performed at the lumbar spine and forearm. The CSF, serum and disc tissues were collected during surgery. Inflammatory mediators TNF, INFg, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13 and MCP1 were analysed by immunoassay (Meso Scale Discovery) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used for analysis of IL-6, IL-8, MCP1 and TSPO expression in intervertebral discs (IVDs). RESULTS In the LDH group, we found elevated IL-8 concentrations in CSF indicating neuroinflammation, while IL-8 and MCP1 concentrations in serum were lower compared to HC. The IVD expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TSPO was lower in LDH patients compared to DDD. LDH patients had a positive correlation between IL-8 concentrations in CSF and serum and IL-8 in CSF was associated with higher pain intensity and increased spinal pressure pain sensitivity. The MCP1 concentration in serum was associated with higher global pain ratings and increased spinal pressure pain sensitivity, while IL-6 serum concentration correlated with the intensity of the neuropathic pain component (leg pain) in LDH patients. IVD expression of TSPO in LDH patients was associated with increased intensity of back pain. No differences were found in cytokine CSF concentrations between DDD patients and CSF controls, but DDD patients had lower IL-8 and MCP1 serum concentrations than HC. In female DDD patients, IL-8 and MCP1 concentrations in serum were associated with increased intensity of back pain. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that neuroinflammation mediated by elevated IL-8 concentrations in CSF and IL-8 mediated periphery-to-CNS inflammatory cross-talk contributes to pain in LDH patients and suggest a link between TSPO expression in discs and low back pain.
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High levels of cerebrospinal fluid chemokines point to the presence of neuroinflammation in peripheral neuropathic pain: a cross-sectional study of 2 cohorts of patients compared with healthy controls. Pain 2018; 158:2487-2495. [PMID: 28930774 PMCID: PMC5690569 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to animal models, neuroinflammation is a major feature of neuropathic pain. The present findings confirm that this hypothesis is of relevance to humans. Animal models suggest that chemokines are important mediators in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Indeed, these substances have been called “gliotransmitters,” a term that illustrates the close interplay between glial cells and neurons in the context of neuroinflammation and pain. However, evidence in humans is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine a comprehensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory profile of patients with neuropathic pain. Our hypothesis was that we would thereby find indications of a postulated on-going process of central neuroinflammation. Samples of CSF were collected from 2 cohorts of patients with neuropathic pain (n = 11 and n = 16, respectively) and healthy control subjects (n = 11). The samples were analyzed with a multiplex proximity extension assay in which 92 inflammation-related proteins were measured simultaneously (Proseek Multiplex Inflammation I; Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden). Univariate testing with control of false discovery rate, as well as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, were used for statistical analyses. Levels of chemokines CXCL6, CXCL10, CCL8, CCL11, CCL23 in CSF, as well as protein LAPTGF-beta-1, were significantly higher in both neuropathic pain cohorts compared with healthy controls, pointing to neuroinflammation in patients. These 6 proteins were also major results in a recent similar study in patients with fibromyalgia. The findings need to be confirmed in larger cohorts, and the question of causality remains to be settled. Because it has been suggested that prevalent comorbidities to chronic pain (eg, depression, anxiety, poor sleep, and tiredness) also are associated with neuroinflammation, it will be important to determine whether neuroinflammation is a common mediator.
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Kosek E, Finn A, Ultenius C, Hugo A, Svensson C, Ahmed A. Differences in neuroimmune signalling between male and female patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 321:49-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Giron SE, Bjurstrom MF, Griffis CA, Ferrante FM, Wu II, Nicol AL, Grogan TR, Burkard JF, Irwin MR, Breen EC. Increased Central Nervous System Interleukin-8 in a Majority Postlaminectomy Syndrome Chronic Pain Population. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2018; 19:1033-1043. [PMID: 29016958 PMCID: PMC6659015 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Multiple processes have been identified as potential contributors to chronic pain, with increasing evidence illustrating an association with aberrant levels of neuroimmune mediators. The primary objectives of the present study were to examine central nervous system cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors present in a chronic pain population and to explore patterns of the same mediator molecules over time. Secondary objectives explored the relationship of central and peripheral neuroimmune mediators while examining the levels of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and perception of pain associated with the chronic pain patient experience. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a population of majority postlaminectomy syndrome patients (N = 8) was compared with control CSF samples (N = 30) to assess for significant differences in 10 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The patient population was then followed over time, analyzing CSF, plasma, and psychobehavioral measures. Results The present observational study is the first to demonstrate increased mean CSF levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8; P < 0.001) in a small population of majority postlaminectomy syndrome patients, as compared with a control population. Over time in pain patients, CSF levels of IL-8 increased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusions These data indicate that IL-8 should be further investigated and psychobehavioral components considered in the overall chronic pain paradigm. Future studies examining the interactions between these factors and IL-8 may identify novel targets for treatment of persistent pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Giron
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea L Nicol
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Joseph F Burkard
- Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, University of San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth Crabb Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Shu H, Chang L. In Response. Anesth Analg 2018. [PMID: 29517571 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
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Biochemical alterations in inflammatory reactive chondrocytes: evidence for intercellular network communication. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00525. [PMID: 29560438 PMCID: PMC5857518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes are effectively involved in the pathophysiological processes of inflammation in joints. They form cellular processes in the superficial layer of the articular cartilage and form gap junction coupled syncytium to facilitate cell-to-cell communication. However, very little is known about their physiological cellular identity and communication. The aim with the present work is to evaluate the physiological behavior after stimulation with the inflammatory inducers interleukin-1β and lipopolysaccharide. The cytoskeleton integrity and intracellular Ca2+ release were assessed as indicators of inflammatory state. Cytoskeleton integrity was analyzed through cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and actin labeling with an Alexa 488-conjugated phalloidin probe. Ca2+ responses were assessed through the Ca2+ sensitive fluorophore Fura-2/AM. Western blot analyses of several inflammatory markers were performed. The results show reorganization of the actin filaments. Glutamate, 5-hydoxytryptamine, and ATP evoked intracellular Ca2+ release changed from single peaks to oscillations after inflammatory induction in the chondrocytes. The expression of toll-like receptor 4, the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1, and the matrix metalloproteinase-13 increased. This work demonstrates that chondrocytes are a key part in conditions that lead to inflammation in the cartilage. The inflammatory inducers modulate the cytoskeleton, the Ca2+ signaling, and several inflammatory parameters. In conclusion, our data show that the cellular responses to inflammatory insults from healthy and inflammatory chondrocytes resemble those previously observed in astrocyte and cardiac fibroblasts networks.
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Petersen LE, Baptista TSA, Molina JK, Motta JG, do Prado A, Piovesan DM, de Nardi T, Viola TW, Vieira ÉLM, Teixeira AL, Grassi-Oliveira R, Bauer ME. Cognitive impairment in rheumatoid arthritis: role of lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and neurotrophic factors. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:1171-1181. [PMID: 29372349 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-3990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To what extent the cognitive impairment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is modulated by autoimmune and/or inflammatory activity is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peripheral inflammation on cognitive functions of patients with active (Ac-), controlled (Co-) RA and healthy controls. In a cross-sectional study, 102 RA patients and 30 matched healthy controls were recruited. B and T cell subsets were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Plasma cytokines and neurotrophins were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Cognitive performance, depression and stress were evaluated by structured clinical interviews. Generalized linear modeling (GzLM) was used to compare differences between groups and multiple linear regression models were used to explore the predictive value of immune variables on cognitive performance. RA patients had overall cognitive impairment. Of note, the Ac-RA had the poorest performance on digit span (DST) and N-back when compared to Co-RA and control group (DST 9.9 ± 2.1, 12.9 ± 4.2, 15.5 ± 4.7, respectively; N-back 49.2 ± 8.3, 55.5 ± 11.1, 60.8 ± 9.1, respectively, all p < 0.0001). RA patients had expansions of immature B cells (Ac-RA 11.2 ± 7.1, Co-RA: 9 ± 5.7, control 5.9 ± 2.1) and plasma cells (Ac-RA 5.2 ± 2.5, Co-RA 6.9 ± 3.7, control 2.8 ± 1.7) as compared to controls, all p < 0.05. RA patients (controlled and active disease) had higher plasma levels of TNF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 than controls (all p < 0.002). RA patients had higher BDNF levels (Ac-RA 17,354.4 ± 5357.3, Co-RA 13,841.2 ± 5953.7, control 11,543.3 ± 3772), but lower GDNF levels [median (interquartile range) Ac-RA 0 pg/ml (0.0), Co-RA 0 pg/ml (4.6) and control 4.7 pg/ml (18.1)] than controls (all p < 0.05). RA patients had global cognitive impairment, which was associated with disease activity and immune changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Petersen
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Talita S A Baptista
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Faculty of Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlia K Molina
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Faculty of Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia G Motta
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline do Prado
- Division of Rheumatology, São Lucas Hospital, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Deise M Piovesan
- Division of Rheumatology, São Lucas Hospital, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tatiana de Nardi
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Faculty of Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago W Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Faculty of Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Érica L M Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Faculty of Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moisés Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Faculdade de Biociências, Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 2° andar, P.O. Box 1429, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Skiöldebrand E, Lundqvist A, Björklund U, Sandstedt M, Lindahl A, Hansson E, Hultén LM. Inflammatory activation of human cardiac fibroblasts leads to altered calcium signaling, decreased connexin 43 expression and increased glutamate secretion. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00406. [PMID: 29022008 PMCID: PMC5633159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts, which are abundant in heart tissue, are involved not only in extracellular matrix homeostasis and repair, but also in cardiac remodeling after a myocardial infarction that, in turn, can lead to loss of cardiac function and heart failure. Ca2+ signaling is functionally important in many cell types, but the roles of fibroblast signaling and inflammation in the pathogenesis of heart disease are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inflammatory activation affects cardiac fibroblasts, both in terms of Ca2+ signaling and their capacity for intercellular communication through the gap junction channel protein connexin 43 (Cx43). We examined Ca2+ responses induced by known modulators of cardiac function such as glutamate, ATP and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in human cardiac fibroblasts, under normal and inflammatory conditions. We showed that activation of human cardiac fibroblasts by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h altered Ca2+ signaling, increased TLR4 and decreased Cx43 expression. In the fibroblasts, LPS treatment increased glutamate-evoked and decreased 5-HT-evoked Ca2+ signals. LPS activation also induced increased secretion of glutamate and proinflammatory cytokines from these cells. In summary, we propose that inflammatory stimuli can affect intracellular Ca2+ release, Cx43 expression, glutamate release and cytokine secretion in human cardiac fibroblasts. Inflammatory conditions may, therefore, impair intercellular network communication between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes potentially contributing to cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Skiöldebrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Björklund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sandstedt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Li C, Che LH, Shi L, Yu JL. Suppression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Expression by Antisense Oligonucleotides Inhibits Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Rat models With Focal Cerebral Infarction. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3875-3882. [PMID: 28390174 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to investigate the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in rat models with focal cerebral infarction (CI). Seventy-five Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control, sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), MCAO + nonsense oligonucleotide (NODN), and MCAO + ASODN groups. Proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were detected by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. ELISA was performed to detect the expressions of endogenous factors that include insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transforming growth factor-α1 (TGF-α1), bFGF, and nerve growth factor (NGF). Results show significant neurological deficits and focal CI in the MCAO and MCAO + NODN groups. An obvious increase of NSC proliferation, reactive proliferation of astrocytes in CI areas, differentiation of newly proliferated NSCs into mature neuronal cells, and expressions of endogenous growth factors exhibited in the MCAO, MCAO + NODN and MCAO + ASODN groups. Compared to the MCAO and MACO + NODN groups, the MCAO + ASODN group showed a significant decrease NSC proliferation and differentiation in CI areas as well as decrease expressions of endogenous growth factors. These findings may offer insight to help us understand more as to how bFGF ASODN can effectively suppress the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. These findings are expected to help contribute to research for new targets in the treatment of focal CI. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3875-3882, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Li-He Che
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021,, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021,, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021,, P.R. China
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Bäckryd E, Tanum L, Lind AL, Larsson A, Gordh T. Evidence of both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia patients, as assessed by a multiplex protein panel applied to the cerebrospinal fluid and to plasma. J Pain Res 2017; 10:515-525. [PMID: 28424559 PMCID: PMC5344444 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s128508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to central hyperexcitability and impaired top–down modulation, chronic inflammation probably plays a role in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM). Indeed, on the basis of both animal experiments and human studies involving the analysis of cytokines and other inflammation-related proteins in different body fluids, neuroinflammatory mechanisms are considered to be central to the pathophysiology of many chronic pain conditions. However, concerning FM, previous human plasma/serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine studies have looked only at a few predetermined cytokine candidates. Instead of analyzing only a few substances at a time, we used a new multiplex protein panel enabling simultaneous analysis of 92 inflammation-related proteins. Hence, we investigated the CSF and plasma inflammatory profiles of 40 FM patients compared with CSF from healthy controls (n=10) and plasma from blood donor controls (n=46). Using multivariate data analysis by projection, we found evidence of both neuroinflammation (as assessed in CSF) and chronic systemic inflammation (as assessed in plasma). Two groups of proteins (one for CSF and one for plasma) highly discriminating between patients and controls are presented. Notably, we found high levels of CSF chemokine CX3CL1 (also known as fractalkine). In addition, previous findings concerning IL-8 in FM were replicated, in both CSF and plasma. This is the first time that such an extensive inflammatory profile has been described for FM patients. Hence, FM seems to be characterized by objective biochemical alterations, and the lingering characterization of its mechanisms as essentially idiopathic or even psychogenic should be seen as definitively outdated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bäckryd
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Tanum
- Department of R&D in Mental Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Fang Q, Wu J, Gao X, Liu H, Cao L, An J. Changes in neurotrophic and inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with postherpetic neuralgia. Neurosci Lett 2017; 637:108-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lerman I, Davis BA, Bertram TM, Proudfoot J, Hauger RL, Coe CL, Patel PM, Baker DG. Posttraumatic stress disorder influences the nociceptive and intrathecal cytokine response to a painful stimulus in combat veterans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:99-108. [PMID: 27490714 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain frequently occur in tandem, the pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this comorbidity are poorly understood. Because excessive inflammation occurs in both conditions, we examined the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of inflammatory response mediators interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) after prolonged suprathreshold pain stimulus in 21 male combat veterans; 10 with PTSD and 11 combat controls (CC). METHODS After completing baseline quantitative sensory testing (QST) and psychological profiling, all patients received an injection of capsaicin into the quadriceps muscle. Spontaneously reported pain was measured for 30min after the capsaicin injection. The evoked pain measure of temporal summation was tested between 70 and 110min post capsaicin injection. Inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) CSF cytokines were measured before (baseline) and after capsaicin injection over a time frame of 110min. RESULTS Following intramuscular capsaicin injection, pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNFα, IL-6, IL-8] significantly increased (percent rise from baseline) in both groups, whereas IL-1β significantly increased in the PTSD group only. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 showed an immediate (within 10min) increase in the CC group; however, the IL-10 increase in the PTSD group was delayed and not consistently elevated until 70min post injection. CONCLUSION These findings show significant central nervous system (CNS) differences in the inflammatory response to a deep pain stimulus in combat veterans with and without PTSD. They support the concept that abnormally elevated neuroinflammatory response to pain stimuli may be one CNS mechanism accounting for the high co-occurrence of PTSD and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanuel Lerman
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, United States; University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Clinical and Translational Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Bryan A Davis
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - James Proudfoot
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Clinical and Translational Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Richard L Hauger
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, United States; University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Piyush M Patel
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, United States; University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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Albertoni Giraldes AL, Salomão R, Leal PDC, Brunialti MKC, Sakata RK. Effect of intravenous lidocaine combined with amitriptyline on pain intensity, clinical manifestations and the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in patients with fibromyalgia: A randomized double-blind study. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 19:946-953. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reinaldo Salomão
- Department of Anesthesia; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Kittelson AJ, Stevens-Lapsley JE, Schmiege SJ. Determination of Pain Phenotypes in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Latent Class Analysis Using Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:612-20. [PMID: 26414884 PMCID: PMC5388442 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a broadly applied diagnosis that may describe multiple subtypes of pain. The purpose of this study was to identify phenotypes of knee OA, using measures from the following pain-related domains: 1) knee OA pathology, 2) psychological distress, and 3) altered pain neurophysiology. METHODS Data were selected from a total of 3,494 participants at visit 6 of the Osteoarthritis Initiative study. Latent class analysis was applied to the following variables: radiographic OA severity, quadriceps strength, body mass index, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Catastrophizing subscale, number of bodily pain sites, and knee joint tenderness at 4 sites. The resulting classes were compared on the following demographic and clinical factors: age, sex, pain severity, disability, walking speed, and use of arthritis-related health care. RESULTS A 4-class model was identified. Class 1 (4% of the study population) had higher CCI scores. Class 2 (24%) had higher knee joint sensitivity. Class 3 (10%) had greater psychological distress. Class 4 (62%) had lesser radiographic OA, little psychological involvement, greater strength, and less pain sensitivity. Additionally, class 1 was the oldest, on average. Class 4 was the youngest, had the lowest disability, and least pain. Class 3 had the worst disability and most pain. CONCLUSION Four distinct pain phenotypes of knee OA were identified. Psychological factors, comorbidity status, and joint sensitivity appear to be important in defining phenotypes of knee OA-related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Kittelson
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado
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Bäckryd E, Ghafouri B, Larsson B, Gerdle B. Plasma pro-inflammatory markers in chronic neuropathic pain: A multivariate, comparative, cross-sectional pilot study. Scand J Pain 2016; 10:1-5. [PMID: 28361755 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system, neuropathic pain is notoriously difficult to treat with conventional analgesics. It has been suggested that inflammatory cytokines play a role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. But human studies of these substances are relatively few and partly contradictory. OBJECTIVES To simultaneously investigate the plasma levels of chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) and the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain (most of whom due to failed back surgery syndrome) (n=14) compared to controls (n=17). RESULTS IL-6 was significantly higher in patients than in controls (0.92±0.12pg/ml vs. 0.57±0.08pg/ml, p=0.012). IL-1β, IL-8, and GM-CSF levels did not differ between the two groups. A multivariate analysis showed a tendency for patients also to have higher GM-CSF plasma levels than controls. CONCLUSIONS This study found an increased level of IL-6 in plasma in patients with neuropathic pain, but not for the other pro-inflammatory substances investigated. There are several possible confounders not registered or controlled for in this and other studies of neuropathic pain. IMPLICATIONS Larger studies that take several possible confounders into consideration are needed to further investigate the levels of plasma cytokines in different pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bäckryd
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University,LinköpingSweden
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University,LinköpingSweden
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Britt Larsson
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University,LinköpingSweden
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University,LinköpingSweden
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Sweden
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Hansson E, Breivik H. Plasma pro-inflammatory markers in chronic neuropathic pain: Why elevated levels may be relevant for diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering chronic pain. Scand J Pain 2016; 10:52-53. [PMID: 28361771 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, GothenburgSweden
| | - Harald Breivik
- Department of Pain Management and Research and Department of Anaesthesiology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Merighi A. Targeting the glial-derived neurotrophic factor and related molecules for controlling normal and pathologic pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:193-208. [PMID: 26863504 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1085972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its family of ligands (GFLs) have several functions in the nervous system. As a survival factor for dopaminergic neurons, GDNF was used in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease. GFLs and their receptors are also potential targets for new pain-controlling drugs. Although molecules with analgesic activities in rodents mostly failed to be effective in translational studies, this potential should not be underestimated. AREAS COVERED The circuitry, molecular, and cellular mechanisms by which GFLs control nociception and their intervention in inflammatory and neuropathic pain are considered first. The problems related to effective GDNF delivery to the brain and the possibility to target the GFL receptor complex rather than its ligands are then discussed, also considering the use of non-peptidyl agonists. EXPERT OPINION In nociceptive pathways, an ideal drug should either: i) target the release of endogenous GFLs from large dense-cored vesicles (LGVs) by acting, for example, onto the phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] pool, which is sensitive to Ca(2+) modulation, or ii) target the GFL receptor complex. Besides XIB403, a tiol molecule that enhances GFRα family receptor signaling, existing drugs such as retinoic acid and amitriptyline should be considered for effective targeting of GDNF, at least in neuropathic pain. The approach of pain modeling in experimental animals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Merighi
- a University of Turin, Department of Veterinary Sciences , Grugliasco, TO, Italy ;
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Hansson E, Skiöldebrand E. Coupled cell networks are target cells of inflammation, which can spread between different body organs and develop into systemic chronic inflammation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015. [PMID: 26213498 PMCID: PMC4514450 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several organs in the body comprise cells coupled into networks. These cells have in common that they are excitable but do not express action potentials. Furthermore, they are equipped with Ca2+ signaling systems, which can be intercellular and/or extracellular. The transport of small molecules between the cells occurs through gap junctions comprising connexin 43. Examples of cells coupled into networks include astrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts, connective tissue cells, cardiac and corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, hepatocytes, and different types of glandular cells. These cells are targets for inflammation, which can be initiated after injury or in disease. If the inflammation reaches the CNS, it develops into neuroinflammation and can be of importance in the development of systemic chronic inflammation, which can manifest as pain and result in changes in the expression and structure of cellular components. Biochemical parameters of importance for cellular functions are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Per Dubbsgatan 14, 1tr, , SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bäckryd E, Ghafouri B, Carlsson AK, Olausson P, Gerdle B. Multivariate proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain and healthy controls - a hypothesis-generating pilot study. J Pain Res 2015; 8:321-33. [PMID: 26170714 PMCID: PMC4492642 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s82970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain medicine lacks objective biomarkers to guide diagnosis and treatment. Combining two-dimensional gel proteomics with multivariate data analysis by projection, we exploratively analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid of eleven patients with severe peripheral neuropathic pain due to trauma and/or surgery refractory to conventional treatment and eleven healthy controls. Using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, we identified a panel of 36 proteins highly discriminating between the two groups. Due to a possible confounding effect of age, a new model with age as outcome variable was computed for patients (n=11), and four out of 36 protein spots were excluded due to a probable influence of age. Of the 32 remaining proteins, the following seven had the highest discriminatory power between the two groups: an isoform of angiotensinogen (upregulated in patients), two isoforms of alpha-1-antitrypsin (downregulated in patients), three isoforms of haptoglobin (upregulated in patients), and one isoform of pigment epithelium-derived factor (downregulated in patients). It has recently been hypothesized that the renin–angiotensin system may play a role in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, and a clinical trial of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist was recently published. It is noteworthy that when searching for neuropathic pain biomarkers with a purely explorative methodology, it was indeed a renin–angiotensin system protein that had the highest discriminatory power between patients and controls in the present study. The results from this hypothesis-generating pilot study have to be confirmed in larger, hypothesis-driven studies with age-matched controls, but the present study illustrates the fruitfulness of combining proteomics with multivariate data analysis in hypothesis-generating pain biomarker studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bäckryd
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders K Carlsson
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrik Olausson
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
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Karshikoff B, Lekander M, Soop A, Lindstedt F, Ingvar M, Kosek E, Olgart Höglund C, Axelsson J. Modality and sex differences in pain sensitivity during human endotoxemia. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:35-43. [PMID: 25486090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation can induce pain hypersensitivity in animal and human experimental models, and has been proposed to be central in clinical pain conditions. Women are overrepresented in many chronic pain conditions, but experimental studies on sex differences in pain regulation during systemic inflammation are still scarce. In two randomized and double blind placebo controlled experiments, we used low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an experimental model of systemic inflammation. The first study employed 0.8ng/kg LPS in a within-subject design of 8 individuals (1 woman), and the second study 0.6ng/kg LPS in a between-subject design of 52 participants (29 women). We investigated the effect on (a) pressure, heat, and cold pain thresholds, (b) suprathreshold noxious heat and cold sensitivity, and (c) conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and differences between men and women. LPS induced significantly lower pressure pain thresholds as compared to placebo (mean change with the 0.8ng/kg dose being -64±30kPa P=.04; with the 0.6ng/kg dose -58±55kPa, P<.01, compared to before injection), whereas heat and cold pain thresholds remained unaffected (P's>.70). Suprathreshold noxious pain was not affected by LPS in men (P's⩾.15). However, LPS made women rated suprathreshold noxious heat stimuli as more painful (P=.01), and showed a tendency to rate noxious cold pain as more painful (P=.06) as compared to placebo. Furthermore, LPS impaired conditioned pain modulation, a measure of endogenous pain inhibition, but this effect was also restricted to women (P<.01, for men P=.27). Pain sensitivity correlated positively with plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels. The results show that inflammation more strongly affects deep pain, rather than cutaneous pain, and suggest that women's pain perception and modulation is more sensitive to immune activation than men's.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Karshikoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Soop
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Lindstedt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Olgart Höglund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lin PY, Tseng PT. Decreased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with depression: a meta-analytic study. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 63:20-7. [PMID: 25726496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to promote development, differentiation, and protection of CNS neurons and was thought to play an important role in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Several studies have examined the GDNF levels in patients with depression but shown inconsistent results. In this study, we compared blood GDNF levels between depressive patients and control subjects through meta-analytic method. The effect sizes (ESs) from all eligible studies were synthesized by using a random effect model. In this meta-analysis, we included 526 patients and 502 control subjects from 12 original articles. Compared to control subjects, blood GDNF levels are significantly decreased in patients with depression (ES = -0.62, p = 0.0011). However, significant heterogeneity was found among included studies. Through subgroup analysis, we found that GDNF was still decreased in studies with major depressive disorder (ES = -0.73, p = 0.0001); in studies with non-old-age depression (ES = -1.25, p = 0.0001), but not with old-age depression; and in studies using serum samples (ES = -0.86, p < 0.0001), but not in studies using plasma sample. Meta-regression did not show moderating effects of mean age of subjects, gender distribution, and age of onset of depression. Our findings support blood GDNF levels as a biomarker of depression as a whole, but the results were modulated by psychiatric diagnosis, age of included subjects, and sampling sources. With these results, future studies are required to examine whether effective antidepressant treatment is associated with an increase in serum GDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan
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Bäckryd E. Pain in the Blood? Envisioning Mechanism-Based Diagnoses and Biomarkers in Clinical Pain Medicine. Diagnostics (Basel) 2015; 5:84-95. [PMID: 26854144 PMCID: PMC4665549 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics5010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent, and pain medicine lacks objective biomarkers to guide diagnosis and choice of treatment. The current U.S. “opioid epidemic” is a reminder of the paucity of effective and safe treatment options. Traditional pain diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases are often unspecific, and analgesics are often prescribed on a trial-and-error basis. In contrast to this current state of affairs, the vision of future mechanism-based diagnoses of chronic pain conditions is presented in this non-technical paper, focusing on the need for biomarkers and the theoretical complexity of the task. Pain is and will remain a subjective experience, and as such is not objectively measurable. Therefore, the concept of “noci-marker” is presented as an alternative to “pain biomarker”, the goal being to find objective, measurable correlates of the pathophysiological processes involved in different chronic pain conditions. This vision entails a call for more translational pain research in order to bridge the gap between clinical pain medicine and preclinical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bäckryd
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Centre, Region Östergötland, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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35
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Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in painful knee osteoarthritis and sensitization. Int J Inflam 2015; 2015:329792. [PMID: 25821631 PMCID: PMC4363921 DOI: 10.1155/2015/329792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world. Among the mechanisms involved in osteoarthritis, biomarkers (cytokines profile) may be related to pain and pain intensity, functional capacity, and pressure pain thresholds (PPT). Thus, the study of these relationships may offer useful information about pathophysiology and associated mechanisms involved in osteoarthritis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the seric concentration of pro (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis and to correlate the levels of these biomarkers with the patients' functional capacity and pressure pain threshold (PPT) values.
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36
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Kosek E, Altawil R, Kadetoff D, Finn A, Westman M, Le Maître E, Andersson M, Jensen-Urstad M, Lampa J. Evidence of different mediators of central inflammation in dysfunctional and inflammatory pain--interleukin-8 in fibromyalgia and interleukin-1 β in rheumatoid arthritis. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 280:49-55. [PMID: 25773155 PMCID: PMC4372266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to relate central inflammation to autonomic activity (heart rate variability (HRV)) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM). RA patients had reduced parasympathetic activity and FM patients had increased sympathetic activity compared to healthy controls. Comparisons between RA and FM showed higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interleukin (IL)-1β inversely correlated to parasympathetic activity in RA. The FM patients had higher concentrations of CSF IL-8, IL-1Ra, IL-4 and IL-10, but none of these cytokines correlated with HRV. In conclusion, we found different profiles of central cytokines, i.e., elevated IL-1β in inflammatory pain (RA) and elevated IL-8 in dysfunctional pain (FM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kosek
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Reem Altawil
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, CMM, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Kadetoff
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anja Finn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Insitute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Westman
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, CMM, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Le Maître
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, CMM, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, CMM, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Jensen-Urstad
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Lampa
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, CMM, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Alfonso Romero-Sandoval E, Sweitzer S. Nonneuronal central mechanisms of pain: glia and immune response. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:325-58. [PMID: 25744678 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of central glial cells in the mechanisms underlying pain has been intensively studied in the last two decades. Most studies on glia and pain focused on the potential detrimental role of glial cells following noxious stimulus/insults manifested as an "activation" or a "reactive" state (increase in glial marker expression and production of proinflammatory/nociceptive molecules). Therefore, "activated" or "reactive" glial cells became a target for the future generation of drugs to treat chronic pain. Several glial modulators that reduce the activation of glial cells have shown great efficacy in multiple animal (rodents mostly) models of pain (acute, subacute, chronic, inflammatory, neuropathic, surgical, etc.). These encouraging findings inspired clinical trials that have been completed in the last 5 years. Unfortunately, all clinical trials with these glial modulators have failed to demonstrate efficacy for the treatment of pain. New lines of investigation and elegant experimental designs are shedding light on alternative glial functions, which demonstrate that "glial reactivity" is not necessarily deleterious in some pathological conditions. New strategies to validate findings through our current animal models are necessary to enhance the translational value of our preclinical studies. Also, more studies using human subjects would enhance our understanding of glial cells in the context of pain. This chapter explores the available literature to objectively ponder the potential role of glial cells in human pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, USA.
| | - Sarah Sweitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, USA
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Martins LB, Duarte H, Ferreira AVM, Rocha NP, Teixeira AL, Domingues RB. Migraine is associated with altered levels of neurotrophins. Neurosci Lett 2014; 587:6-10. [PMID: 25524411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in hyperalgesia and peripheral levels of these molecules were altered in behavioral and neurological disorders. The objectives of this study were to assess neurotrophic factors levels in migraine patients in comparison with controls, and to investigate whether there was any association between them and clinical parameters. This was a cross-sectional study. We measured serum levels of neurotrophin family members - nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 and 4/5 (NT3 and NT4/5) - and glial cell line-derived factor (GDNF) in patients suffering from migraine and matched controls. One hundred forty-one people were enrolled in this study, seventy-one were migraine patients and seventy were controls. Migraine patients showed more depressive and anxiety symptoms than control individuals as assessed, respectively, by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Chronic and episodic migraine patients showed higher NT4/5 levels than control individuals (P=0.001). Patients with chronic migraine had lower levels of BDNF that were not influenced by the presence of depressive symptoms (P=0.02). This is the first report to evaluate NT3 and NT-4/5 levels in migraine patients. Our findings suggest a possible role of neurotrophic factors in migraine pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís B Martins
- Nursing School, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Halina Duarte
- Neuroscience Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- Nursing School, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Natalia P Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Lucio Teixeira
- Neuroscience Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renan B Domingues
- Neuroscience Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Bjurstrom MF, Giron SE, Griffis CA. Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines and Neurotrophic Factors in Human Chronic Pain Populations: A Comprehensive Review. Pain Pract 2014; 16:183-203. [PMID: 25353056 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition, conveying immense human burden. Suffering is caused not only by painful symptoms, but also through psychopathological and detrimental physical consequences, generating enormous societal costs. The current treatment armamentarium often fails to achieve satisfying pain relief; thus, research directed toward elucidating the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic pain syndromes is imperative. Central neuroimmune activation and neuroinflammation have emerged as driving forces in the transition from acute to chronic pain, leading to central sensitization and decreased opioid efficacy, through processes in which glia have been highlighted as key contributors. Under normal conditions, glia exert a protective role, but in different pathological states, a deleterious role is evident--directly and indirectly modulating and enhancing pain transmission properties of neurons, and shaping synaptic plasticity in a dysfunctional manner. Cytokines and neurotrophic factors have been identified as pivotal mediators involved in neuroimmune activation pathways and cascades in various preclinical chronic pain models. Research confirming these findings in humans has so far been scarce, but this comprehensive review provides coherent data supporting the clear association of a mechanistic role of altered central cytokines and neurotrophic factors in a number of chronic pain states despite varying etiologies. Given the importance of these factors in neuropathic and inflammatory chronic pain states, prospective therapeutic strategies, and directions for future research in this emerging field, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Bjurstrom
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Sarah E Giron
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Charles A Griffis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
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Actin filament reorganization in astrocyte networks is a key functional step in neuroinflammation resulting in persistent pain: novel findings on network restoration. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:372-9. [PMID: 24952067 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of glial cell activation in the generation and maintenance of long-term pain has been investigated. One novel mechanism underlying long-lasting pain is injury-induced inflammation in the periphery, followed by microglial activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which results in local neuroinflammation. An increase in neuronal excitability may follow, with intense signaling along the pain tracts to the thalamus and the parietal cortex along with other cortical regions for the identification and recognition of the injury. If the local neuroinflammation develops into a pathological state, then the astrocytes become activated. Previous studies in which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation have shown that in a dysfunctional astrocyte network, the actin cytoskeleton is reorganized from the normally occurring F-actin stress fibers into the more diffusible, disorganized, ring-form globular G-actin. In addition, Ca(2+) signaling systems are altered, Na(+)- and glutamate transporters are downregulated, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1β, are released in dysfunctional astrocyte networks. In a series of experiments, we have demonstrated that these LPS-induced changes in astrocyte function can be restored by stimulation of Gi/o and inhibition of Gs with a combination of a μ-receptor agonist and ultralow concentrations of a μ-receptor antagonist and by inhibition of cytokine release, particularly IL-1β, by the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. These findings could be of clinical significance and indicate a novel treatment for long-term pain.
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Lluch E, Torres R, Nijs J, Van Oosterwijck J. Evidence for central sensitization in patients with osteoarthritis pain: A systematic literature review. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:1367-75. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Lluch
- Department of Physical Therapy; University of Valencia; Spain
- Pain in Motion Research Group; Departments of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Physical Education and Rehabilitation; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Belgium
| | - R. Torres
- Department of Physical Therapy; University of Valencia; Spain
| | - J. Nijs
- Pain in Motion Research Group; Departments of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Physical Education and Rehabilitation; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy; University Hospital Brussels; Belgium
| | - J. Van Oosterwijck
- Pain in Motion Research Group; Departments of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy; Faculty of Physical Education and Rehabilitation; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Belgium
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy; Ghent University; Belgium
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Pfaffenseller B, Fries GR, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Colpo GD, Stertz L, Panizzutti B, Magalhães PVS, Kapczinski F. Neurotrophins, inflammation and oxidative stress as illness activity biomarkers in bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 13:827-42. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2013.811981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Forshammar J, Jörneberg P, Björklund U, Westerlund A, Lundborg C, Biber B, Hansson E. Anti-inflammatory substances can influence some glial cell types but not others. Brain Res 2013; 1539:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Block L, Jörneberg P, Björklund U, Westerlund A, Biber B, Hansson E. Ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine exert anti-inflammatory effects on inflammation-reactive astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:3669-78. [PMID: 24083665 PMCID: PMC4211363 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine is a widely used, local anesthetic agent that blocks voltage-gated Na(+) channels when used for neuro-axial blockades. Much lower concentrations of bupivacaine than in normal clinical use, < 10(-8) m, evoked Ca(2+) transients in astrocytes from rat cerebral cortex, that were inositol trisphosphate receptor-dependent. We investigated whether bupivacaine exerts an influence on the Ca(2+) signaling and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in inflammation-reactive astrocytes when used at ultralow concentrations, < 10(-8) m. Furthermore, we wanted to determine if bupivacaine interacts with the opioid-, 5-hydroxytryptamine- (5-HT) and glutamate-receptor systems. With respect to the μ-opioid- and 5-HT-receptor systems, bupivacaine restored the inflammation-reactive astrocytes to their normal non-inflammatory levels. With respect to the glutamate-receptor system, bupivacaine, in combination with an ultralow concentration of the μ-opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and μ-opioid receptor agonists, restored the inflammation-reactive astrocytes to their normal non-inflammatory levels. Ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine attenuated the inflammation-induced upregulation of IL-1β secretion. The results indicate that bupivacaine interacts with the opioid-, 5-HT- and glutamate-receptor systems by affecting Ca(2+) signaling and IL-1β release in inflammation-reactive astrocytes. These results suggest that bupivacaine may be used at ultralow concentrations as an anti-inflammatory drug, either alone or in combination with opioid agonists and ultralow concentrations of an opioid antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Block
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kadetoff D, Lampa J, Westman M, Andersson M, Kosek E. Evidence of central inflammation in fibromyalgia-increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-8 levels. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 242:33-8. [PMID: 22126705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of glia cells resulting in intrathecal elevation of cytokines and chemokines has been hypothesized in chronic pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing intrathecal concentrations of pro-inflammatory substances in fibromyalgia. We report elevated cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of interleukin-8, but not interleukin-1beta, in FM patients. This profile is in accordance with FM symptoms being mediated by sympathetic activity rather than dependent on prostaglandin associated mechanisms and supports the hypothesis of glia cell activation in response to pain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kadetoff
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Circulating levels of GDNF in bipolar disorder. Neurosci Lett 2011; 502:103-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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