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Guo Z, Lv L, Liu D, Ma H, Wang L, Fu B, Wang F. Network Meta-Analysis: Effect of Cold Stress on the Gene Expression of Swine Adipocytes ATGL, CIDEA, UCP2, and UCP3. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3866-3876. [PMID: 38785508 PMCID: PMC11120183 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold stress significantly affects gene expression in adipocytes; studying this phenomenon can help reveal the pathogeneses of conditions such as obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL); cell death-inducing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation factor subunit alpha (DFFA)-like effector (CIDEA); and uncoupling protein genes UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 are the most studied genes in pig adipose tissues under cold stress. However, contradictory results have been observed in gene expression changes to UCP3 and UCP2 when adipose tissues under cold stress were examined. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 publications in total on the effect of cold stress on the expression of ATGL, CIDEA, UCP2, and UCP3. Our results showed that cold stress affected the expression of swine adipocyte genes; specifically, it was positively correlated with the expression of UCP3 in swine adipocytes. Conversely, expression of ATGL was negatively affected under cold stress conditions. In addition, the loss of functional UCP1 in pigs likely triggered a compensatory increase in UCP3 activity. We also simulated the docking results of UCP2 and UCP3. Our results showed that UCP2 could strongly bind to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), meaning that UCP3 played a more significant role in pig adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Wood Science Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, No. 134 Haping Road, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
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Azevedo-Martins AK, Santos MP, Abayomi J, Ferreira NJR, Evangelista FS. The Impact of Excessive Fructose Intake on Adipose Tissue and the Development of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:939. [PMID: 38612973 PMCID: PMC11013923 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Matheus Pedro Santos
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Natália Juliana Ramos Ferreira
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Fabiana S. Evangelista
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
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3
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Guney C, Bal NB, Akar F. The impact of dietary fructose on gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal adiposity, insulin signaling and reproductive function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18896. [PMID: 37636431 PMCID: PMC10447940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive intake of fructose in the regular human diet could be related to global increases in metabolic disorders. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, mostly consumed by children, adolescents, and young adults, are the main source of added fructose. Dietary high-fructose can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxin by changing the gut barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose transports to the liver and then triggers inflammation as well as de novo lipogenesis leading to hepatic steatosis. Fructose also induces fat deposition in adipose tissue by stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues is thought to contribute to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway producing systemic insulin resistance. Moreover, there is some evidence that high intake of fructose negatively affects both male and female reproductive systems and may lead to infertility. This review addresses dietary high-fructose-induced deteriorations that are obvious, especially in gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal fat accumulation, insulin signaling, and reproductive function. The recognition of the detrimental effects of fructose and the development of relevant new public health policies are necessary in order to prevent diet-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Nouchi Y, Munetsuna E, Yamada H, Yamazaki M, Ando Y, Mizuno G, Fujii R, Kageyama I, Wakasugi T, Sakakibara T, Teshigawara A, Ishikawa H, Shimono Y, Suzuki K, Hashimoto S, Ohashi K. Effects of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Intake on Glucocorticoid
Metabolism in Rats During Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:814-820. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1936-3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been increasing in recent
decades, especially among children. Some reports suggest that children and
adolescents are more sensitive to the adverse effects of fructose intake than
adults. However, the underlying mechanism of the difference in vulnerability
between adolescence and adulthood have not yet been elucidated. In this study,
we attempted to elucidate the different effects of HFCS intake at different
growth stages in rats: childhood and adolescence (postnatal day (PD)
21–60), young adulthood (PD60–100), and adulthood
(PD100–140). Since alterations in hepatic glucocorticoid (GC) metabolism
can cause diseases including insulin resistance, we focused on GC metabolizing
enzymes such as 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (Hsd11b1 and
Hsd11b2) and steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 (Srd5a1). Western blotting showed an
increase in Hsd11b1 expression and a decrease in Hsd11b2 expression in childhood
and adolescence but not in adulthood. We also observed changes in Hsd11b1 and
Hsd11b2 activities only in childhood and adolescence, consistent with the
results of mRNA and protein expression analysis. The effect of high-fructose
intake with regards to GC metabolism may therefore vary with developmental
stage. This study provides insight into the adverse effects of fructose on GC
metabolism in children in the context of increasing rates of HFCS
consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nouchi
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of
Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine,
Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of
Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itsuki Kageyama
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Wakasugi
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohide Sakakibara
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Teshigawara
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of
Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine,
Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University
School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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5
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Kupczyk D, Studzińska R, Kołodziejska R, Baumgart S, Modrzejewska M, Woźniak A. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 as a Potential Treatment Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206190. [PMID: 36294507 PMCID: PMC9605099 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) belong to the group of steroid hormones. Their representative in humans is cortisol. GCs are involved in most physiological processes of the body and play a significant role in important biological processes, including reproduction, growth, immune responses, metabolism, maintenance of water and electrolyte balance, functioning of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. The availability of cortisol to the glucocorticoid receptor is locally controlled by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). Evidence of changes in intracellular GC metabolism in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular complications highlights the role of selective 11β-HSD1 inhibition in the pharmacotherapy of these diseases. This paper discusses the role of 11β-HSD1 in MetS and its cardiovascular complications and the importance of selective inhibition of 11β-HSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kupczyk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Renata Studzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Renata Kołodziejska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Szymon Baumgart
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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6
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Kouyoumdzian NM, Kim G, Rudi MJ, Rukavina Mikusic NL, Fernández BE, Choi MR. Clues and new evidences in arterial hypertension: unmasking the role of the chloride anion. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:155-176. [PMID: 34966955 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present review will focus on the role of chloride anion in cardiovascular disease, with special emphasis in the development of hypertensive disease and vascular inflammation. It is known that acute and chronic overload of sodium chloride increase blood pressure and have pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects on different target organs, but it is unknown how chloride may influence these processes. Chloride anion is the predominant anion in the extracellular fluid and its intracellular concentration is dynamically regulated. As the queen of the electrolytes, it is of crucial importance to understand the physiological mechanisms that regulate the cellular handling of this anion including the different transporters and cellular chloride channels, which exert a variety of functions, such as regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, intracellular pH and cellular redox state. In this article, we will also review the relationship between dietary, serum and intracellular chloride and how these different sources of chloride in the organism are affected in hypertension and their impact on cardiovascular disease. Additionally, we will discuss the approach of potential strategies that affect chloride handling and its potential effect on cardiovascular system, including pharmacological blockade of chloride channels and non-pharmacological interventions by replacing chloride by another anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Martín Kouyoumdzian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriel Kim
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julieta Rudi
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Lucía Rukavina Mikusic
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Marcelo Roberto Choi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Fundación H.A. Barceló, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Hernández-Bustamante I, Santander-Plantamura Y, Mata-Espinosa D, Reyes-Chaparro A, Bini EI, Torre-Villalvazo I, Tovar AR, Barrios-Payan J, Marquina-Castillo B, Hernández-Pando R, Carranza A. Structural homology between 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inh-A enzyme: Dehydroepiandrosterone as a potential co-adjuvant treatment in diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1055430. [PMID: 36699022 PMCID: PMC9870073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1055430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is considered the precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tuberculosis is a leading infection that constitutes a global threat remaining a major cause of morbi-mortality in developing countries. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more likely to suffer from infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For both type 2 diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, there is pulmonary production of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids mediated by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). The adrenal hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) counteracts the glucocorticoid effects of cytokine production due to the inhibition of 11β-HSD1. Late advanced tuberculosis has been associated with the suppression of the Th1 response, evidenced by a high ratio of cortisol/DHEA. In a murine model of metabolic syndrome, we determined whether DHEA treatment modifies the pro-inflammatory cytokines due to the inhibition of the 11β-HSD1 expression. Since macrophages express 11β-HSD1, our second goal was incubating them with DHEA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to show that the microbicide effect was increased by DHEA. Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) is an essential enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in the mycolic acid synthesis. Because 11β-HSD1 and InhA are members of a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family of enzymes, we hypothesize that DHEA could be an antagonist of InhA. Our results demonstrate that DHEA has a direct microbicide effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis; this effect was supported by in silico docking analysis and the molecular dynamic simulation studies between DHEA and InhA. Thus, DHEA increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung, inactivates GC by 11β-HSD1, and inhibits mycobacterial InhA. The multiple functions of DHEA suggest that this hormone or its synthetic analogs could be an efficient co-adjuvant for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hernández-Bustamante
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanina Santander-Plantamura
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Reyes-Chaparro
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estela I. Bini
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payan
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Carranza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Andrea Carranza,
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8
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Szabó J, Maróti G, Solymosi N, Andrásofszky E, Tuboly T, Bersényi A, Bruckner G, Hullár I. Fructose, glucose and fat interrelationships with metabolic pathway regulation and effects on the gut microbiota. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:134-156. [PMID: 34224398 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this 30-day feeding study was to elucidate the changes, correlations, and mechanisms caused by the replacement of the starch content of the AIN-93G diet (St) with glucose (G), fructose (F) or lard (L) in body and organ weights, metabolic changes and caecal microbiota composition in rats (Wistar, SPF). The body weight gain of rats on the F diet was 12% less (P = 0.12) than in the St group. Rats on the L diet consumed 18.6% less feed, 31% more energy and gained 58.4% more than the animals on the St diet, indicating that, in addition to higher energy intake, better feed utilisation is a key factor in the obesogenic effect of diets of high nutrient and energy density. The G, F and L diets significantly increased the lipid content of the liver (St: 7.01 ± 1.48; G: 14.53 ± 8.77; F: 16.73 ± 8.77; L: 19.86 ± 4.92% of DM), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the liver is not a fructose-specific process. Relative to the St control, specific glucose effects were the decreasing serum glucagon (-41%) concentrations and glucagon/leptin ratio and the increasing serum leptin concentrations (+26%); specific fructose effects were the increased weights of the kidney, spleen, epididymal fat and the decreased weight of retroperitoneal fat and the lower immune response, as well as the increased insulin (+26%), glucagon (+26%) and decreased leptin (-25%) levels. This suggests a mild insulin resistance and catabolic metabolism in F rats. Specific lard effects were the decreased insulin (-9.14%) and increased glucagon (+40.44%) and leptin (+44.92%) levels. Relative to St, all diets increased the operational taxonomic units of the phylum Bacteroidetes. G and L decreased, while F increased the proportion of Firmicutes. F and L diets decreased the proportions of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Correlation and centrality analyses were conducted to ascertain the positive and negative correlations and relative weights of the 32 parameters studied in the metabolic network. These correlations and the underlying potential mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Szabó
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- 2Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- 3Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Andrásofszky
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tuboly
- 4Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bersényi
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Geza Bruckner
- 5Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - István Hullár
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Romero-Nava R, Carbó R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sánchez-Muñoz F. High Fructose Intake and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2787. [PMID: 31181590 PMCID: PMC6600229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, high fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages has contributed to obesity development. In the diet, sucrose and high fructose corn syrup are the main sources of fructose and can be metabolized in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation. The liver can metabolize around 70% of fructose intake, while the remaining is metabolized by other tissues. Several tissues including adipose tissue express the main fructose transporter GLUT5. In vivo, chronic fructose intake promotes white adipose tissue accumulation through activating adipogenesis. In vitro experiments have also demonstrated that fructose alone induces adipogenesis by several mechanisms, including (1) triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production by fructose metabolism, (2) the stimulation of glucocorticoid activation by increasing 11β-HSD1 activity, and (3) the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through uric acid, NOX and XOR expression, mTORC1 signaling and Ang II induction. Moreover, it has been observed that fructose induces adipogenesis through increased ACE2 expression, which promotes high Ang-(1-7) levels, and through the inhibition of the thermogenic program by regulating Sirt1 and UCP1. Finally, microRNAs may also be involved in regulating adipogenesis in high fructose intake conditions. In this paper, we propose further directions for research in fructose participation in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico city 06720, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - L Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
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10
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Strober JW, Brady MJ. Dietary Fructose Consumption and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Incidence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:367. [PMID: 31244777 PMCID: PMC6581676 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past century the western world has found a way to combat most communicative diseases; however, throughout that time the prevalence of obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia have drastically increased. These symptoms characterize metabolic syndrome-a non-communicable disease which has become one of the greatest health hazards of the world. During this same time period the western diet had dramatically changed. Homecooked meals have been replaced by highly-processed, calorically dense foods. This conversion to the current western diet was highlighted by the incorporation of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) into sweetened beverages and foods. The consumption of large amounts of dietary sugar, and fructose in particular, has been associated with an altered metabolic state, both systemically and in specific tissues. This altered metabolic state has many profound effects and is associated with many diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer (1). Specific types of cancer, like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), are both responsive to dietary factors and exceptionally difficult to treat, illustrating the possibility for preventative care through dietary intervention in at risk populations. To treat these non-communicable diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer, it is imperative to understand systemic and localized metabolic abnormalities that drive its progression. This review will specifically explore the links between increased dietary fructose consumption, development of metabolic disturbances and increased incidence of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W. Strober
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew J. Brady
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11
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Legeza B, Marcolongo P, Gamberucci A, Varga V, Bánhegyi G, Benedetti A, Odermatt A. Fructose, Glucocorticoids and Adipose Tissue: Implications for the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050426. [PMID: 28445389 PMCID: PMC5452156 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern Western society lifestyle is characterized by a hyperenergetic, high sugar containing food intake. Sugar intake increased dramatically during the last few decades, due to the excessive consumption of high-sugar drinks and high-fructose corn syrup. Current evidence suggests that high fructose intake when combined with overeating and adiposity promotes adverse metabolic health effects including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and inflammation. Similarly, elevated glucocorticoid levels, especially the enhanced generation of active glucocorticoids in the adipose tissue due to increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) activity, have been associated with metabolic diseases. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that fructose stimulates the 11β-HSD1-mediated glucocorticoid activation by enhancing the availability of its cofactor NADPH. In adipocytes, fructose was found to stimulate 11β-HSD1 expression and activity, thereby promoting the adipogenic effects of glucocorticoids. This article aims to highlight the interconnections between overwhelmed fructose metabolism, intracellular glucocorticoid activation in adipose tissue, and their metabolic effects on the progression of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Legeza
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Viola Varga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - Angiolo Benedetti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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