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Velot É, Balmayor ER, Bertoni L, Chubinskaya S, Cicuttini F, de Girolamo L, Demoor M, Grigolo B, Jones E, Kon E, Lisignoli G, Murphy M, Noël D, Vinatier C, van Osch GJVM, Cucchiarini M. Women's contribution to stem cell research for osteoarthritis: an opinion paper. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1209047. [PMID: 38174070 PMCID: PMC10762903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1209047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Velot
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Articular Physiopathology (IMoPA), French National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Elizabeth R. Balmayor
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lélia Bertoni
- CIRALE, USC 957, BPLC, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Monash University and Rheumatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Magali Demoor
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, Caen, France
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio RAMSES, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elizaveta Kon
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department ofBiomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vinatier
- Nantes Université, Oniris, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Nantes, France
| | - Gerjo J. V. M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Wu L, Zhang X, Yi C, Ren H. CD146-positive adipose-derived stem cells subpopulation enriched by albumin magnetic sphere ameliorates knee osteoarthritis pain and promotes cartilage repair. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:969. [PMID: 38102700 PMCID: PMC10724978 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of adipose stem cell (ADSCs) subpopulations in cartilage repair remains poorly characterized. In this study, we constructed an albumin magnetic sphere with specific targeting of CD146 (CD146-AMs) for sorting a subpopulation of CD146-positive ADSCs (CD146 + ADSCs) and explored the role of CD146 + ADSCs on joint pain and cartilage repair in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS CD146-AMs were prepared and analyzed in materialistic characterization tests. Subpopulations of CD146 + ADSCs were sorted using CD146-AMs. Surface labeling, viability, and proliferation of a subpopulation of CD146 + ADSCs were evaluated in vitro. Molecular characterization of mRNA and protein expression profiles was analyzed by microarray. A rat KOA pain model was established by the iodoacetic acid method, and KOA pain and the promotion of cartilage repair were assessed after treatment with bilateral joint cavity injections of CD146 + ADSCs. RESULTS The CD146-AMs prepared in this study had an average particle size of 242.63 ± 6.74 nm, an average potential of 33.82 ± 3.53 mv, and high CD146 targeting and low cytotoxicity. The positive rate of enriched CD146 + ADSCs was 98.21% and showed a high level of stem cell marker expression and good cell viability. Gene and protein expression profiles showed that CD146 + ADSCs have different cellular functions, especially in regulating inflammation. In the KOA model, low, medium and high concentrations of CD146 + ADSCs were able to improve KOA pain and promote cartilage repair in a concentration-dependent trend. CONCLUSIONS The CD146-AMs prepared in this study were able to safely and efficiently sort out the CD146 + ADSCs subpopulation. The subpopulation of CD146 + ADSCs has a unique molecular profile that ameliorates KOA pain and repairs cartilage damage in rats, providing a new idea for KOA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chengqing Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Hanru Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Voskamp C, Koevoet WJLM, Van Osch GJVM, Narcisi R. Senescence during early differentiation reduced the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1241338. [PMID: 37609111 PMCID: PMC10441241 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1241338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal/progenitor cells (MSCs) are promising for cartilage cell-based therapies due to their chondrogenic differentiation capacity. However, MSCs can become senescent during in vitro expansion, a state characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, metabolic alterations, and substantial changes in the gene expression and secretory profile of the cell. In this study, we aimed to investigate how senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) affect chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Methods: To study the effect of senescence, we exposed MSCs to gamma irradiation during expansion or during chondrogenic differentiation (the pellet culture). Western blot analysis was used to evaluate MSCs response to the chondrogenic inductor TGF-β. Results: When senescence was induced during expansion or at day 7 of chondrogenic differentiation, we observed a significant reduction in the cartilage matrix. Interestingly, when senescence was induced at day 14 of differentiation, chondrogenesis was not significantly altered. Moreover, exposing chondrogenic pellets to the medium conditioned by senescent pellets had no significant effect on the expression of anabolic or catabolic cartilage markers, suggesting a neglectable paracrine effect of senescence on cartilage generation in our model. Finally, we show that senescent MSCs showed lower phosphorylated SMAD2 levels after TGFβ1 stimulation than control MSCs. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that the occurrence of senescence in MSCs during expansion or early differentiation could be detrimental for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy J. L. M. Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J. V. M. Van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Zhou L, Xu J, Schwab A, Tong W, Xu J, Zheng L, Li Y, Li Z, Xu S, Chen Z, Zou L, Zhao X, van Osch GJ, Wen C, Qin L. Engineered biochemical cues of regenerative biomaterials to enhance endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs)-mediated articular cartilage repair. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:490-512. [PMID: 37304336 PMCID: PMC10248882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly specialized shock-absorbing connective tissue, articular cartilage (AC) has very limited self-repair capacity after traumatic injuries, posing a heavy socioeconomic burden. Common clinical therapies for small- to medium-size focal AC defects are well-developed endogenous repair and cell-based strategies, including microfracture, mosaicplasty, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and matrix-induced ACI (MACI). However, these treatments frequently result in mechanically inferior fibrocartilage, low cost-effectiveness, donor site morbidity, and short-term durability. It prompts an urgent need for innovative approaches to pattern a pro-regenerative microenvironment and yield hyaline-like cartilage with similar biomechanical and biochemical properties as healthy native AC. Acellular regenerative biomaterials can create a favorable local environment for AC repair without causing relevant regulatory and scientific concerns from cell-based treatments. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of endogenous cartilage healing is furthering the (bio)design and application of these scaffolds. Currently, the utilization of regenerative biomaterials to magnify the repairing effect of joint-resident endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs) presents an evolving improvement for cartilage repair. This review starts by briefly summarizing the current understanding of endogenous AC repair and the vital roles of ESPCs and chemoattractants for cartilage regeneration. Then several intrinsic hurdles for regenerative biomaterials-based AC repair are discussed. The recent advances in novel (bio)design and application regarding regenerative biomaterials with favorable biochemical cues to provide an instructive extracellular microenvironment and to guide the ESPCs (e.g. adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, matrix production, and remodeling) for cartilage repair are summarized. Finally, this review outlines the future directions of engineering the next-generation regenerative biomaterials toward ultimate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Zhou
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jietao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences - CRMH, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shunxiang Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Zou
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), 2600 AA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518000, Shenzhen, China
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Teunissen M, Ahrens NS, Snel L, Narcisi R, Kamali SA, van Osch GJVM, Meij BP, Mastbergen SC, Sivasubramaniyan K, Tryfonidou MA. Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells from osteoarthritic joints in dogs possess lower chondrogenic-, and higher osteogenic capacity compared to normal joints. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:457. [PMID: 36064441 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (SM-MPCs) are a promising candidate for the cell-based treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) considering their in vitro and in vivo capacity for cartilage repair. However, the OA environment may adversely impact their regenerative capacity. There are no studies for canine (c)SM-MPCs that compare normal to OA SM-MPCs, even though dogs are considered a relevant animal model for OA. Therefore, this study compared cSM-MPCs from normal and OA synovial membrane tissue to elucidate the effect of the OA environment on MPC numbers, indicated by CD marker profile and colony-forming unit (CFU) capacity, and the impact of the OA niche on tri-lineage differentiation. Methods Normal and OA synovial membrane were collected from the knee joints of healthy dogs and dogs with rupture of the cruciate ligaments. The synovium was assessed by histopathological OARSI scoring and by RT-qPCR for inflammation/synovitis-related markers. The presence of cSM-MPCs in the native tissue was further characterized with flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry, using the MPC markers; CD90, CD73, CD44, CD271, and CD34. Furthermore, cells isolated upon enzymatic digestion were characterized by CFU capacity, and a population doublings assay. cSM-MPCs were selected based on plastic adherence, expanded to passage 2, and evaluated for the expression of MPC-related surface markers and tri-lineage differentiation capacity. Results Synovial tissue collected from the OA joints had a significantly higher OARSI score compared to normal joints, and significantly upregulated inflammation/synovitis markers S100A8/9, IL6, IL8, and CCL2. Both normal and OA synovial membrane contained cells displaying MPC properties, including a fibroblast-like morphology, CFU capacity, and maintained MPC marker expression over time during expansion. However, OA cSM-MPCs were unable to differentiate towards the chondrogenic lineage and had low adipogenic capacity in contrast to normal cSM-MPCs, whereas they possessed a higher osteogenic capacity. Furthermore, the OA synovial membrane contained significantly lower percentages of CD90+, CD44+, CD34+, and CD271+ cells. Conclusions The OA environment had adverse effects on the regenerative potential of cSM-MPCs, corroborated by decreased CFU, population doubling, and chondrogenic capacity compared to normal cSM-MPCs. OA cSM-MPCs may be a less optimal candidate for the cell-based treatment of OA than normal cSM-MPCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03144-z.
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Abstract
The successful transplantation of stem cells has the potential to transform regenerative medicine approaches and open promising avenues to repair, replace, and regenerate diseased, damaged, or aged tissues. However, pre-/post-transplantation issues of poor cell survival, retention, cell fate regulation, and insufficient integration with host tissues constitute significant challenges. The success of stem cell transplantation depends upon the coordinated sequence of stem cell renewal, specific lineage differentiation, assembly, and maintenance of long-term function. Advances in biomaterials can improve pre-/post-transplantation outcomes by integrating biophysiochemical cues and emulating tissue microenvironments. This review highlights leading biomaterials-based approaches for enhancing stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan N Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Noda S, Hosoya T, Komiya Y, Tagawa Y, Endo K, Komori K, Koga H, Takahara Y, Sugimoto K, Sekiya I, Saito T, Mizoguchi F, Yasuda S. CD34 +THY1 + synovial fibroblast subset in arthritic joints has high osteoblastic and chondrogenic potentials in vitro. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:45. [PMID: 35168627 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) play biphasic roles in joint destruction and regeneration of bone/cartilage as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although MSCs contribute to joint homeostasis, such function is impaired in arthritic joints. We have identified functionally distinct three SF subsets characterized by the expression of CD34 and THY1 as follows: CD34+THY1+, CD34−THY1−, and CD34−THY1+. The objective of this study was to clarify the differentiation potentials as MSCs in each SF subset since both molecules would be associated with the MSC function. Methods SF subsets were isolated from synovial tissues of 70 patients (RA: 18, OA: 52). Expressions of surface markers associated with MSCs (THY1, CD34, CD73, CD271, CD54, CD44, and CD29) were evaluated in fleshly isolated SF subsets by flow cytometry. The differentiation potentials of osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis were evaluated with histological staining and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction of differentiation marker genes. Small interfering RNA was examined to deplete THY1 in SFs. Results The expression levels of THY1+, CD73+, and CD271+ were highest and those of CD54+ and CD29+ were lowest in CD34+THY1+ among three subsets. Comparing three subsets, the calcified area, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-stained area, and cartilage matrix subset were the largest in the CD34+THY1+ subset. Consistently, the expressions of differentiation markers of the osteoblasts (RUNX2, ALPL, and OCN) or chondrocytes (ACAN) were the highest in the CD34+THY1+ subset, indicating that the CD34+THY1+ subset possessed the highest osteogenic and chondrogenic potential among three subsets, while the differentiation potentials to adipocytes were comparable among the subsets regarding lipid droplet formations and the expression of LPL and PPARγ. The knockdown of THY1 in bulk SFs resulted in impaired osteoblast differentiation indicating some functional aspects in this stem-cell marker. Conclusion The CD34+THY1+ SF subset has high osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials. The preferential enhancement of MSC functions in the CD34+THY1+ subset may provide a new treatment strategy for regenerating damaged bone/cartilage in arthritic joints. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02736-7.
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Shin DI, Kim M, Park DY, Min BH, Yun HW, Chung JY, Min KJ. Motorized Shaver Harvest Results in Similar Cell Yield and Characteristics Compared With Rongeur Biopsy During Arthroscopic Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Harvest. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:2873-2882. [PMID: 33798652 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare cell yield and character of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cell (SDMSC) harvested by 2 different techniques using rongeur and motorized shaver during knee arthroscopy. METHODS This study was performed in 15 patients undergoing partial meniscectomy. Two different techniques were used to harvest SDMSCs in each patient from the synovial membrane at 2 different locations overlying the anterior fat pad, each within 1 minute of harvest time. Cell yield and proliferation rates were evaluated. Cell surface marker analysis was done after passage 2 (P2). Trilineage differentiation potential was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology. Statistical analysis between the 2 methods was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Wet weight of total harvested tissue was 69.93 (± 20.02) mg versus 378.91 (± 168.87) mg for the rongeur and shaver group, respectively (P < .0001). Mononucleated cell yield was 3.32 (± 0.89) versus 3.18 (± 0.97) × 103 cells/mg, respectively (P = .67). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed similar SDMSC-related cell surface marker expression levels in both groups, with positive expression for CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and decreased expression for CD34 and CD45. Both groups showed similar trilineage differentiation potential in histology. Chondrogenic (SOX9, ACAN, COL2), adipogenic (LPL, PLIN1, PPAR-γ), and osteogenic (OCN, OSX, RUNX2) gene marker expression levels also were similar between both groups. CONCLUSIONS No difference was observed between rongeur biopsy and motorized shaver harvest methods regarding SDMSC yield and cell characteristics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current study shows that both rongeur and motorized shaver harvest are safe and effective methods for obtaining SDMSCs. Motorized shaver harvest results in higher volume of tissue acquisition per time, thereby leading to higher number of SDMSCs which may be useful during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Il Shin
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Park
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Woong Yun
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jun Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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DePhillipo NN, Aman ZS, Dekker TJ, Moatshe G, Chahla J, LaPrade RF. Preventative and Disease-Modifying Investigations for Osteoarthritis Management Are Significantly Under-represented in the Clinical Trial Pipeline: A 2020 Review. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:2627-2639. [PMID: 33812028 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a review of active United States-based clinical trials investigating preventative, symptom resolution, and disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS We conducted a review of currently active clinical trials for OA using data obtained from the ClinicalTrials.gov database as of August 2020. The inclusion criteria were active studies registered in the United States that involved the prevention, symptom resolution, or disease modification of OA. Descriptive statistics were recorded and summarized. RESULTS A total of 3,859 clinical trials were identified, and 310 were included in the final analysis. Of the currently active trials, 89% (n = 275) targeted symptom resolution in patients with existing OA, 6% (n = 19) targeted OA disease-modifying therapeutics, and 5% (n = 16) targeted the prevention of OA in high-risk patients (P < .001). Primary interventions included medical devices (44%, n = 137), pharmaceutical drugs (14%, n = 42), surgical procedures (14%, n = 42), cellular biologics (13%, n = 41), and behavioral therapies (13%, n = 41). There was a significantly higher number of disease-modifying therapeutics for cellular biologics than pharmaceutical drugs (30% vs 14%) (P = .015). Most trials targeted the knee joint (63%, P = .042), with 38% of all trials evaluating joint arthroplasty. There were no significant differences between private sector and government funding sources (43% and 49%, respectively) (P = .288), yet there was a significantly lower rate of funding from industry (8%) (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS There was a significantly higher number of clinical trials investigating symptomatic resolution therapy (89%) for existing OA in comparison to preventative (5%) and disease-modifying (6%) therapies. The most common interventions involved medical devices and joint replacement surgery, with the knee joint accounting for more than 60% of the current clinical trials for OA. There was a significantly higher number of disease-modifying therapeutics for cellular biologics than pharmaceutical drugs. Funding of clinical trials was split between the private sector and government, with a low rate of reported funding from industry partners. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identifying existing needs in the current market may help increase rates of research funding or optimize current funding pathways, in this study, specifically for targeting unaddressed focus areas in OA research. Our systematic review highlights the potential need for additional research and development regarding OA preventative and disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary S Aman
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | | | - Gilbert Moatshe
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway; Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorge Chahla
- Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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Chijimatsu R, Miwa S, Okamura G, Miyahara J, Tachibana N, Ishikura H, Higuchi J, Maenohara Y, Tsuji S, Sameshima S, Takagi K, Nakazato K, Kawaguchi K, Yamagami R, Inui H, Taketomi S, Tanaka S, Saito T. Divergence in chondrogenic potential between in vitro and in vivo of adipose- and synovial-stem cells from mouse and human. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:405. [PMID: 34266496 PMCID: PMC8281654 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic stem cell transplantation has been performed for cartilage injury, but the reparative mechanisms are still conflicting. The chondrogenic potential of stem cells are thought as promising features for cartilage therapy; however, the correlation between their potential for chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo remains undefined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intrinsic chondrogenic condition depends on cell types and explore an indicator to select useful stem cells for cartilage regeneration. METHODS The chondrogenic potential of two different stem cell types derived from adipose tissue (ASCs) and synovium (SSCs) of mice and humans was assessed using bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). Their in vivo chondrogenic potential was validated through transplantation into a mouse osteochondral defect model. RESULTS All cell types showed apparent chondrogenesis under the combination of BMP2 and TGFβ1 in vitro, as assessed by the formation of proteoglycan- and type 2 collagen (COL2)-rich tissues. However, our results vastly differed with those observed following single stimulation among species and cell types; apparent chondrogenesis of mouse SSCs was observed with supplementation of BMP2 or TGFβ1, whereas chondrogenesis of mouse ASCs and human SSCs was observed with supplementation of BMP2 not TGFβ1. Human ASCs showed no obvious chondrogenesis following single stimulation. Mouse SSCs showed the formation of hyaline-like cartilage which had less fibrous components (COL1/3) with supplementation of TGFβ1. However, human cells developed COL1/3+ tissues with all treatments. Transcriptomic analysis for TGFβ receptors and ligands of cells prior to chondrogenic induction did not indicate their distinct reactivity to the TGFβ1 or BMP2. In the transplanted site in vivo, mouse SSCs formed hyaline-like cartilage (proteoglycan+/COL2+/COL1-/COL3-) but other cell types mainly formed COL1/3-positive fibrous tissues in line with in vitro reactivity to TGFβ1. CONCLUSION Optimal chondrogenic factors driving chondrogenesis from somatic stem cells are intrinsically distinct among cell types and species. Among them, the response to TGFβ1 may possibly represent the fate of stem cells when locally transplanted into cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Miwa
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Junya Miyahara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tachibana
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Ishikura
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Higuchi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Maenohara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shin Sameshima
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiu Nakazato
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawaguchi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamagami
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Taketomi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Hagmeijer MH, Korpershoek JV, Crispim JF, Chen LT, Jonkheijm P, Krych AJ, Saris DBF, Vonk LA. The regenerative effect of different growth factors and platelet lysate on meniscus cells and mesenchymal stromal cells and proof of concept with a functionalized meniscus implant. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:648-659. [PMID: 33982442 PMCID: PMC8362003 DOI: 10.1002/term.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus regeneration could be enhanced by targeting meniscus cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with the right growth factors. Combining these growth factors with the Collagen Meniscus Implant (CMI®) could accelerate cell ingrowth and tissue formation in the implant and thereby improve clinical outcomes. Using a transwell migration assay and a micro-wound assay, the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor, and platelet lysate (PL) on migration and proliferation of meniscus cells and MSCs was assessed. The formation of extracellular matrix under influence of the above-mentioned growth factors was assessed after 28 days of culture of both MSCs and meniscus cells. As a proof of concept, the CMI® was functionalized with a VEGF binding peptide and coated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for clinical application. Our results demonstrate that PDGF, TGF-β1, and PL stimulate migration, proliferation, and/or extracellular matrix production of meniscus cells and MSCs. Additionally, the CMI® was successfully functionalized with a VEGF binding peptide and PRP which increased migration of meniscus cell and MSC into the implant. This study demonstrates proof of concept of functionalizing the CMI® with growth factor binding peptides. A CMI® functionalized with the right growth factors holds great potential for meniscus replacement after partial meniscectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michella H Hagmeijer
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn V Korpershoek
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - João F Crispim
- Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Li-Ting Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lucienne A Vonk
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Nakayama N, Ravuri S, Huard J. Rejuvenated Stem/Progenitor Cells for Cartilage Repair Using the Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:46. [PMID: 33920285 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that chondral defects in articular cartilage of adult joints are never repaired spontaneously, which is considered to be one of the major causes of age-related degenerative joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis. Since mobilization of subchondral bone (marrow) cells and addition of chondrocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells into full-thickness defects show some degrees of repair, the lack of self-repair activity in adult articular cartilage can be attributed to lack of reparative cells in adult joints. In contrast, during a fetal or embryonic stage, joint articular cartilage has a scar-less repair activity, suggesting that embryonic joints may contain cells responsible for such activity, which can be chondrocytes, chondroprogenitors, or other cell types such as skeletal stem cells. In this respect, the tendency of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to give rise to cells of embryonic characteristics will provide opportunity, especially for humans, to obtain cells carrying similar cartilage self-repair activity. Making use of PSC-derived cells for cartilage repair is still in a basic or preclinical research phase. This review will provide brief overviews on how human PSCs have been used for cartilage repair studies.
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13
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Li N, Gao J, Mi L, Zhang G, Zhang L, Zhang N, Huo R, Hu J, Xu K. Synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells: past life, current situation, and application in bone and joint diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32894205 PMCID: PMC7487958 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from not only bone marrow, but also various adult mesenchymal tissues such as periosteum, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. MSCs from different tissue sources have different molecular phenotypes and differentiation potential. Synovial membrane (SM) is an important and highly specific component of synovial joints. Previous studies have suggested that the synovium is a structure with a few cell layers thick and consists mainly of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which forms a layer that lining the synovial membrane on the joint cavity and synovial fluid through cell-cell contact. In recent years, studies have found that there are also mesenchymal stem cells in the synovium, and as an important part of the mesenchymal stem cell family, it has strong capabilities of cartilage forming and tissue repairing. This article reviews the sources, surface markers, subtypes, influencing factors, and applications in inflammatory joints of synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) in recent years, aiming to clarify the research status and existing problems of SM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangyu Mi
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Gailian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongxiu Huo
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Junping Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
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14
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Greif DN, Kouroupis D, Murdock CJ, Griswold AJ, Kaplan LD, Best TM, Correa D. Infrapatellar Fat Pad/Synovium Complex in Early-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential New Target and Source of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 32850724 PMCID: PMC7399076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has until recently been viewed as a densely vascular and innervated intracapsular/extrasynovial tissue with biomechanical roles in the anterior compartment of the knee. Over the last decade, secondary to the proposition that the IFP and synovium function as a single unit, its recognized tight molecular crosstalk with emerging roles in the pathophysiology of joint disease, and the characterization of immune-related resident cells with varying phenotypes (e.g., pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages), this structural complex has gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target in patients with various knee pathologies including osteoarthritis (KOA). Furthermore, the description of the presence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) as perivascular cells within the IFP (IFP-MSC), exhibiting immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and neutralizing activities over key local mediators, has promoted the IFP as an alternative source of MSC for cell-based therapy protocols. These complementary concepts have supported the growing notion of immune and inflammatory events participating in the pathogenesis of KOA, with the IFP/synovium complex engaging not only in amplifying local pathological responses, but also as a reservoir of potential therapeutic cell-based products. Consequently, the aim of this review is to outline the latest discoveries related with the IFP/synovium complex as both an active participant during KOA initiation and progression thus emerging as a potential target, and a source of therapeutic IFP-MSCs. Finally, we discuss how these notions may help the design of novel treatments for KOA through modulation of local cellular and molecular cascades that ultimately lead to joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher J Murdock
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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15
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Xue J, Chen J, Shen Q, Chan D, Li J, Tanguay AP, Schmidt TA, Niazi F, Plaas A. Addition of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid to Fibroblast-Like Stromal Cells Modulates Endogenous Hyaluronic Acid Metabolism and Enhances Proteolytic Processing and Secretion of Versican. Cells 2020; 9:E1681. [PMID: 32668663 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the effect of exogenous linear chain high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW HA) on endogenously synthesized hyaluronic acid (HA) and associated binding proteins in primary cultures of fibroblast-like stromal cells that were obtained by collagenase digestion of the murine peripatellar fat pad. The cultures were expanded in DMEM that was supplemented with fetal bovine serum and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) then exposed to macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) to induce macrophage properties, before activation of inflammatory pathways using E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Under all culture conditions, a significant amount of endogenously synthesized HA localized in LAMP1-positive lysosomal vesicles. However, this intracellular pool was depleted after the addition of exogenous HMW HA and was accompanied by enhanced proteolytic processing and secretion of de novo synthesized versican, much of which was associated with endosomal compartments. No changes were detected in synthesis, secretion, or proteolytic processing of aggrecan or lubricin (PRG4). The addition of HMW HA also modulated a range of LPS-affected genes in the TLR signaling and phagocytosis pathways, as well as endogenous HA metabolism genes, such as Has1, Hyal1, Hyal2, and Tmem2. However, there was no evidence for association of endogenous or exogenous HMW HA with cell surface CD44, TLR2 or TLR4 protein, suggesting that its physiochemical effects on pericelluar pH and/or ionic strength might be the primary modulators of signal transduction and vesicular trafficking by this cell type. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of a potential in vivo effect of therapeutically applied HMW HA on the modification of osteoarthritis-related joint pathologies, such as pro-inflammatory and degradative responses of multipotent mesenchymal cells residing in the synovial membrane, the underlying adipose tissue, and the articular cartilage surface.
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