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Al Deeb L, Almohareb T, Al Ahdal K, Maawadh AM, Alshamrani AS, Alrahlah A. PEEK and glass fiber post pushout bond strength and vickers hardness of canal disinfected with curcumin photosensitizer activated by microbubble emulsion and sodium-hypochlorite with EDTA. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104076. [PMID: 38582390 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Impact of different post-space disinfectants (Saline, Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) followed by ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and curcumin activated by microbubble emulsion (MBE) on the Vickers hardness (VH) of root canal dentin and extrusion bond strength (EBS) of Glass fiber post (GFP) and PEEK post. METHODS Ninety maxillary central incisors having fully formed roots were included. After the specimen's disinfection, root canal treatment was completed. Post space was prepared by removing gutta-percha using gates glidden drills. Teeth were then arbitrarily allocated into three groups based on the methods of disinfection regime used. Group 1: Saline, Group 2: NaOCl+ EDTA and Group 3: Curcumin activated by MBE (n = 30). Analysis of VH of radicular dentin was performed using a micro-Vickers tester on ten samples from each group. After post-space disinfection, twenty specimens from each group were further divided into two subgroups (n = 10) In group-1A 2A, and 3A, GFP was used. Whereas, prefabricated PEEK posts were used in 1B, 2B, and 3B subgroups. The PBS and failure modes were performed using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope respectively. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test to identify significant variations among groups concerning the MH and EBS of the different posts used (p = 0.05). RESULTS Group 2 (5.25 % NaOCl + 17 % EDTA) (0.15 ± 0.02 GPa) treated specimens presented lowest scores of VH. However, Group 1 (Saline) irrigated canals displayed the highest scores of surface hardness (0.25 ± 0.07 GPa). Additionally, a cervical third of 3A (CP activated by MBE + GFP) (11.22 ± 0.79 MPa) presented the highest scores of bond integrity. Whereas Group 1B (Saline + PEEK post) treated specimens presented the lowest scores of PBS (4.15 ± 0.15 MPa). CONCLUSION Curcumin activated by microbubble emulsion for disinfection of canal dentin demonstrated favorable VH. Similarly, glass fiber post-cemented in radicular walls disinfected with curcumin activated with MBE showed promising post-bond integrity to the canal dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al Deeb
- Department Of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Almohareb
- Department Of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khold Al Ahdal
- Department Of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Maawadh
- Department Of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahoud S Alshamrani
- Department Of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Department Of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Poly A, Marques F, Lee J, Setzer FC, Karabucak B. XP-endo Finisher effectively reduces hard-tissue debris accumulated in root canals with isthmus after preparation with a reciprocating file system. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:279-286. [PMID: 35980742 PMCID: PMC10091117 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the accumulated hard-tissue debris (AHTD) after preparation with WaveOne Gold (WOG) to XP-endo Shaper (XPS), without and with a supplementary step using XP-endo Finisher (XPF) using clinically applicable irrigation. Twenty-four mesial roots with two canals and single foramen were micro-CT-scanned and matched. Scans were also taken after preparation with WOG or XPS, and after XPF. Irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl (total: 17 ml per canal) and 17% EDTA (2.5 ml per canal) was performed using a 30ga Max-I-Probe needle placed up to the working length. Morphological parameters were calculated and compared within and among groups. XPF significantly reduced unprepared area within XPS and WOG groups, and AHTD within WOG (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between WOG and XPS after preparation and after XPF (p > 0.05). In conclusion, WOG and XPS produced a similar volume of AHTD, but the supplementary step with XPF decreased the AHTD in the WOG group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Poly
- Proclin Department, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Marques
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josh Lee
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank C. Setzer
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bekir Karabucak
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Maawadh AM, Al Ahdal K, Al Deeb L, Alshamrani AS, Almohareb T, Alrahlah A. Effectiveness of final cavity disinfectant Terminalia chebula, Malachite, and Indocyanine green, against E. faecalis and on the bond interface of fiber post to radicular dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103538. [PMID: 37001714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of contemporary disinfection Malachite green (MG), Terminalia chebula (T. chebula), and Indocyanine green (ICG)) against E. faecalis and their effect on push-out bond strength (PBS) of glass fiber post (GFP) bonded to root dentin in comparison to conventional irrigation used (Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (17% EDTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Root canal treatment was initiated on sixty human single-rooted premolars and working length was established. The canals were enlarged using ProTaper universal system till F3. The prepared canals were obturated with Gutta-percha (GP) and AH Plus sealer followed by post-space preparation. Twenty canals contained a standard strain of E. faecalis (n=5 in each group) cultured overnight at 37 °C in BHI broth. All the samples were randomly allocated into four groups based on post-space irrigation. (n = 10) Group 1: 5.25% NaOCl+17% EDTA (Control), Group 2: 5.25% NaOCl + ICG, Group 3: 5.25% NaOCl + MG and Group 4: 5.25% NaOCl + T. chebula. Survival rates of E. faecalis were evaluated on the twenty specimens. GFP was placed on the remaining samples using self-etch dual-cure pastes and sectioning was performed in 1 mm thick slices. PBS and failure mode were analyzed using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison t-tests were used for data analysis. (p = 0.05). RESULTS 5.25% NaOCl+17% EDTA demonstrated (0.11±0.01 CFU/mL) the lowest survival rate of E. faecalis. However, Group 2 (5.25% NaOCl + ICG) exhibited the highest survival rate (0.52 ± 0.10). Furthermore, the coronal third of group 4 (5.25% NaOCl + T. chebula) (8.71±0.25 MPa) specimens demonstrated the highest PBS of GFP. However, an apical section of group 2 samples (5.25% NaOCl + ICG) (1.21±0.71 MPa) displayed the lowest outcome of bond integrity. CONCLUSION Terminalia chebula when used as a final canal disinfectant seems to be promising in improving canal sterility and the bond strength of GFP to the root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khold Al Ahdal
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al Deeb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahoud S Alshamrani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Almohareb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Berutti E, Alovisi M, Moccia E, Carossa M, De Caro G, Roccuzzo A, Pasqualini D, Scotti N. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of endodontic ledge position in relation to canal curvatures. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:482. [PMID: 36357901 PMCID: PMC9650826 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endodontic ledge (EL) formation is the most common complication of endodontic treatment. Although various etiological factors have been identified, canal curvature is the most significant variable correlated with EL formation. The aim of this micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) study was to evaluate EL position in the mesial canals of the lower molars in relation to the degree of canal curvature. Methods Forty intact mandibular first molars with independent mesial canals with 20°–40° primary mesio-distal curvature, 10°–30° buccal-lingual canal curvature and 4 < r ≤ 8 mm main curvature radius were selected. Working length was measured with a K-File #10 and a high resolution pre-operative micro-CT analysis was performed. Ledges were created at the point of maximum canal curvature using stainless steel K-Files #30–35, alternating irrigation with 5% NaOCl and 10% EDTA. A post-operative high-resolution micro-CT analysis was then completed. Pre- and post-operative images were analyzed. The angle (α) formed between the vector passing through the geometric center of the EL and the center of the original canal lumen and the line joining the centers of the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canal orifices was calculated, and a descriptive statistical analysis was achieved. The α angle values were analyzed in relation to canal curvature using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s tests. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The α angles appeared inversely proportional to canal curvatures in the buccal-lingual and mesio-distal projections. The mean α angle was 36.4° (standard deviation 10.64; 95% confidence interval 34.1–40.9). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, endodontic ledges develop in the opposite direction to the three-dimensional canal curvature and their position is influenced by the degree of curvature. Clinically, the α angle values may be related to the recommended direction to manage endodontic ledges.
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Alfawaz H, Alqedairi A, Alhamdan M, Alkhzim N, Alfarraj S, Jamleh A. Effect of NaOCl and EDTA irrigating solutions on the cyclic fatigue resistance of EdgeTaper Platinum instruments. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:195. [PMID: 35599316 PMCID: PMC9125847 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the solution on the cyclic fatigue resistance of EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP) instruments with that of ProTaper Gold (PTG) in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigating solutions. METHODS Sixty PTG and 60 ETP instruments with the same size (#25) and taper (8%) were tested under 17% EDTA, 5.25% NaOCl, or distilled water (n = 20 each). Cyclic fatigue was tested using artificial canals that were milled in stainless steel blocks using a laser micromachining technique. The canals had a curvature angle of 60 and a curvature radius of 5 mm. The center of maximum curvature was set at 5 mm from the instrument tip. The block of artificial canals was stabilized inside a container that was filled with one of the tested solutions. The temperature was fixed at 37 °C with a tolerance limit of 1 °C. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated and the fractured surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software Version 20 (IBM-SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) at a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS ETP showed higher NCF than PTG in any of the tested solutions (P < 0.05). Within each group, NaOCl drastically decreased the NCF compared to water and EDTA (P < 0.05) and changing the solution from distilled water to EDTA did not affect the fatigue resistance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ETP showed improved cyclic fatigue performance compared to PTG in all tested irrigating solutions. EDTA can be used in combination with NiTi instruments during canal instrumentation without compromising the cyclic fatigue resistance of PTG and ETP instruments. However, NaOCl drastically decreased the NCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Alfawaz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Alqedairi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alhamdan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Alkhzim
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alfarraj
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Jamleh
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Seirawan MY. A simple predictable triple protocol for the management of double-curved canals (Case report of three cases). J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:573-577. [PMID: 36506633 PMCID: PMC9733551 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_289_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-curved canals, despite their rarity, pose a great challenge to complete endodontic treatment, and the difficulty lies in negotiating these canals and reaching their apex, whereas the greatest difficulty lies in their shaping, disinfection, and obturation. Conventional methods require excessive preflaring to the level of the first curvature to facilitate access and handling of the second one. Modern technologies facilitate dealing with these cases without compromising the dental tissues, metal alloys have become more flexible, and activation techniques have made it possible to deliver irrigants deeper. The triad of minimum shaping with tactile-controlled activation technique, hybrid irrigation, and sealing with bioceramics constitute an integrated and effective method to deal with these cases, and this protocol was used in the following three cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yaman Seirawan
- Department of Restorative and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Yaman Seirawan, Department of Restorative and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Al-Mazzeh St., Damascus 30621, Syria. E-mail:
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Moradi M, Fazlyab M, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N. Antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm using curing light, curcumin and riboflavin. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:274-282. [PMID: 34529329 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with curcumin and riboflavin on three-week Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. At first the 15-mm root canals of 65 single rooted extracted human teeth (including maxillary incisors, mandibular and maxillary canines and mandibular premolars) were separated from the crown and were prepared with ProTaper instruments. After autoclave sterilisation, samples were inoculated with E. faecalis suspension, and incubated for three weeks. After ensuring biofilm formation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in two teeth, the remaining 63 teeth were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 9): aPDT + curcumin, aPDT + riboflavin, LED, curcumin, riboflavin, 5.25% NaOCl (positive control) and no intervention (negative control). For light source a LED unit with 390-480 nm wavelength (peak of 460 nm), power density of 1000 ± 100 mW cm-2 and mean energy density of 60 J cm-2 was used. The roots were horizontally sectioned into coronal, middle and apical thirds each with 5 mm thicknesses. Dentin chips with equal weight (1 ± 0.005 g) were collected from the root canal walls with Gates Glidden drills and were transferred into microtubes containing 1 mL of sterile saline and vortexed for 30 s. Next, 10 µL of the contents of each tube was serially diluted and eventually, 10 µL of each solution was cultured on BHI agar. The number of colony-forming units was determined. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. The colony reduction was not significantly different between NaOCl and either riboflavin + LED or Curcumin + LED. The 5.25% NaOCl group showed maximum reduction in colony count, compared with the negative control (P = 0.00). Groups with aPDT with Curcumin + LED (P = 0.005), and with riboflavin + LED (P = 0.011) showed significant reduction in colony count in all three canal thirds (P < 0.05) without any difference with one another. With significant reduction of E. faecalis colony count, aPDT with Curcumin and riboflavin can serve as an adjunct to routine root canal disinfection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moradi
- Faculty of dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahta Fazlyab
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rafiee A, Memarpour M, Taghvamanesh S, Karami F, Karami S, Morowvat MH. Drug Delivery Assessment of a Novel Triple Antibiotic-Eluting Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Scaffold: An In Vitro Study. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:380-388. [PMID: 32503405 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200605110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracanal disinfection is a critical, yet challenging goal for long-term success in regenerative-based treatments. This in-vitro study aimed to assess the release profile of triple antibiotic- eluting Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (I-PRF) constructs in 28 days. METHODS I-PRF scaffolds containing triple antibiotic mixture [Metronidazole (MET), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), and Minocycline (MINO)] by immersion (group one), I-PRF scaffolds containing triple antibiotic mixture by integration (group two), and antibiotic-free I-PRF scaffolds (group three) were fabricated. The antibiotic release from the scaffolds was measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid and methanol (35:65 v/v), a C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min, at 25ºC) at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. RESULTS Retention times for MINO, CIP, and MET were achieved as 2.3, 2.6, and 3.1 min, respectively. The maximum UV absorbance values for CIP, MET, and MINO were 268 nm, 278 nm, and 350 nm, respectively. The results of the first group showed burst release within the first 24 hours followed by sustained maintenance of all three antibiotics up to 14 days. MINO and MET were still detectable in the third week. The second group could not sustainably release the antibiotics. CONCLUSION The developed method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of each antibiotic in I-PRF was sensitive and quick. Overall, group one could take up the antibiotics in adequate quantities and then subsequently release them over the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Rafiee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahtab Memarpour
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Taghvamanesh
- Student Research Committee, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Karami
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Karami
- Food and Drug Control Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Anitha S, George L, Mathew J, Paul S, Varghese T, Vineet RV. Evaluation and comparison of the apical seal obtained with Biodentine after conditioning of root end with three different solutions using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer: An in vitro study. ENDODONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_119_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Solana C, Ferrer-Luque CM, Wang X, Baca P, Ruiz-Linares M, Cabrera T. Cytotoxic effects of alkaline tetrasodium EDTA irrigating solutions. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:285-287. [PMID: 32475864 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the cytotoxic effects of tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTANa4) when used alone or when combined with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), with and without the addition of cetrimide (CTR). Human pulmonary fibroblast cell line was exposed to the following irrigating solutions: group 1, 2.5% NaOCl; group 2, 10% EDTANa4; group 3, 20% EDTANa4; group 4, 2.5% NaOCl/5% EDTANa4; group 5, 2.5% NaOCl/10% EDTANa4; group 6, 2.5% NaOCl/5% EDTANa4/0.2% CTR; group 7, 2.5% NaOCl/10% EDTANa4/0.2% CTR; group 8, control, cells in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay was used to determine the viability of cells after 1 and 24 h. Viability percentages were analyzed for global comparison using the Welch test followed by the Games-Howell test to determine groups with similar viability, and the Student's t test was used to compare the two times. The lowest viability was obtained with a 2.5% NaOCl solution at both time periods. The association of NaOCl with EDTANa4 increased the cellular viability in direct relation with the concentration of the chelating agent. Globally, after 24 h of exposure, cell viability reduced. The solutions of EDTANa4 showed moderate cytotoxic effects when compared with NaOCl alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Solana
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada
| | | | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology III, University of Granada
| | - Pilar Baca
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada
| | | | - Teresa Cabrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology III, University of Granada
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Tschang CYT, Thoma M. Biofilm inactivation by synergistic treatment of atmospheric pressure plasma and chelating agents. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2019.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shen XX, Sun Y, Huo LJ, She R, Lei YY. [Effect of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation on the dentin adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:372-377. [PMID: 31512828 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aims to uncover the promoting effect of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) irrigation on the dentin adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). METHODS Forty-eight half split samples and twelve dentin slices were randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups and the control group were soaked with EDTA in different time lengths and with normal saline, respectively. E. faecalis was inoculated, and its dentin adhesion was measured via scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), colony forming unit counts, and histological Gram staining. RESULTS According to histological Gram staining, the depth showed no statistically significant differences between 1 min group and the control group, 1 min group and 3 min groups (P>0.05). E. faecalis intruded in the dentine tubules (measured by CLSM), and the thickness of the biofilm on the dentin surface and the colony numbers of experimental groups were greater than those of the control group (P<0.05). The differences between the three experimental groups were statistically signi-ficant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS EDTA (17%) irrigation can promote E. faecalis adhesion to dentin. This adhesion would in turn prolong EDTA treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Shen
- Dept. of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Dept. of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Dept. of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Rui She
- Dept. of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Ya-Yan Lei
- Dept. of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
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Yoo YJ, Perinpanayagam H, Oh S, Kim AR, Han SH, Kum KY. Endodontic biofilms: contemporary and future treatment options. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e7. [PMID: 30834229 PMCID: PMC6387897 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated infection. The biofilm protects bacteria from host defenses and increase their resistance to intracanal disinfecting protocols. Understanding the virulence of these endodontic microbiota within biofilm is essential for the development of novel therapeutic procedures for intracanal disinfection. Both the disruption of biofilms and the killing of their bacteria are necessary to effectively treat apical periodontitis. Accordingly, a review of endodontic biofilm types, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and current and future therapeutic procedures for endodontic biofilm is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Soram Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Reum Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Pattern of Disinfection of Root Canal Dentin by Alternated Acid-Base Irrigating Regimen. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:9219238. [PMID: 30692877 PMCID: PMC6332882 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9219238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To quantify Enterococcus faecalis density in root canal dentin after chemomechanical preparation (CMP) using alternated irrigating regimen. Methodology Root canals (RC) were contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 19433) for 3 weeks and evident biofilms were obtained. After initial sampling (S1), the CMP was aided by irrigants: saline solution (control; n=12), a conventional regimen (CR) (group 1; n=12) using 5.25% NaOCl and a final rinse with 17% EDTA, and an alternating regimen (AR) of intercalated use of NaOCl and EDTA (group 2, n=12), followed by a second sampling (S2). After 2 weeks, S3 was obtained. Two roots were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Each root was divided into cervical, mild, and apical segments and sampling of the superficial (n=90) and deep (n=90) dentin layers was obtained using Gates-Glidden burs. The E. faecalis density (CFU/mg) in log10 was categorized as residual (0 > 0.2), moderate (0.2 ≥ 0.5), or elevated (> 0.5). The prevalence of positive samples in BHI and BHI-A was analyzed by Pearson's chi-square test. The data were normalized by a log10 transformation of CFU and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Results Biofilms were observed only in the control root canal walls. Topographically, the controls and CR showed similar distributions of E. faecalis in the dentin. Microbiologically positive root canals harbored much E. faecalis in the adjacent dentin (p < 0.05). Irrigating saline provided moderate density of E. faecalis in the dentin while CR and AR resulted in a residual density of microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusions The Enterococcus faecalis density in dentin was influenced by the irrigating regimen and the microbiological status of the root canal. The CMP aided by the alternating regimen interfered with the recolonization of the root canal and topographic distribution of Enterococcus in root dentin.
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15
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Moreira RN, Pinto EB, Galo R, Falci SGM, Mesquita AT. Passive ultrasonic irrigation in root canal: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:55-60. [PMID: 30264624 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1499960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there are differences between the root canal disinfection, comparing the passive ultrasonic irrigation technique with the conventional technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following electronic databases were searched: Pubmed; VHL; Web of Sciences and OVID with no publication date restriction. The study's quality evaluation was carried out using the Handbook by Cochrane. The online research identified 5464 studies. From the nine studies selected for a full reading of the text, five were included in the present systematic review. Meta-analysis was performed in three articles, which evaluated the root canal's cleanness through microbiological analysis. RESULTS Only one article concluded that the ultrasonic passive irrigation showed a better performance compared with the conventional irrigation. None of the articles analyzed presented a low risk of bias in all domains. According to the results of the meta-analysis, there was no statistical difference between the groups (OR = 0.34, IC 95%: 0.10-1.19). CONCLUSIONS The level of evidence comparing the two techniques is fragile since in all studies some type of bias was observed which may interfere in the results and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Nogueira Moreira
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Vallyes, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Galo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Vallyes, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Terezinha Mesquita
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Vallyes, Diamantina, Brazil
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16
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Goud S, Aravelli S, Dronamraju S, Cherukuri G, Morishetty P. Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Aloe Vera, 3% Sodium Hypochlorite, and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2018; 10:e3480. [PMID: 30648031 PMCID: PMC6318086 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the antibacterial efficacy of irrigants (aloe vera, 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and saline) against Enterococcus faecalis using the turbidometric analysis and colony count method. Materials and methods Eighty freshly extracted, single-rooted, human mandibular premolar teeth were taken. Access opening was done, instrumented, and autoclaved. Samples were inoculated with 10 µL of an Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bacterial suspension and incubated at 37◦C for three days. Samples were divided into four groups of 20 teeth each based on the type of irrigating solution used. Group 1 was irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite; Group 2 with 2% chlorhexidine; group 3 with aloe vera; and Group 4 with 0.9% saline (the control group). Ten teeth from each group were subjected to a turbidity analysis by spectrophotometer and the remaining 10 teeth from each group were tested for colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The plates were incubated at 37◦C for 24 hours and CFU that were grown were counted using a bacterial colony counter. Results were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post hoc Games-Howell test. Results All the tested irrigating solutions demonstrated an antibacterial effect against E. faecalis. The greatest antimicrobial effects were observed in samples treated with 2% CHX (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between 3% NaOCl and aloe vera (p > 0.001) against E. faecalis. Conclusion Two percent chlorhexidine exhibited good antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis. Three percent NaOCl and aloe vera showed a similar antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis. Aloe vera can be used as an antibacterial agent in novel drugs for the treatment of bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya Goud
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, IND
| | - Swathi Aravelli
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mallareddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Savitri Dronamraju
- Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Mallareddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Pradeep Morishetty
- Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, IND
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17
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UĞUR AYDIN ZELİHA, AKPINAR KEREMENGİN, HEPOKUR CEYLAN, ALTUNBAŞ DEMET. Human Osteoblast Hücre Hattı Üzerinde Qmix, Etilen Diamintetraasetik Asit ve Klorhheksidin’in Sitotoksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.438506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Soares JA, Soares SMCS, de Jesus Tavarez RR, de Castro Rizzi C, Vaz Rodrigues SCG, Maia Filho EM, Brito-Júnior M, Pereira RD, Magalhães PP, de Macêdo Farias L. Exploring different photodynamic therapy parameters to optimize elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic form. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:127-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Noushad MC, Balan B, Basheer S, Usman SB, Muhammed Askar MK. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Natural Extracts Against Persistent Root Canal Pathogens: An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:177-181. [PMID: 29875557 PMCID: PMC5968679 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_754_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The spread of drug-resistant pathogens is one of the most serious threats to successful treatment of microbial diseases. Extracts of plants such as flowers, buds, seeds, leaves, twigs, bark, herbs, wood, fruits, and roots have evoked interest as sources of natural products. Irrigation with a broad-spectrum antiseptic substance and inter-appointment intracanal medication has become a standard regimen in root canal therapy. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of different natural extracts such as guava leaf extract, Aloe vera extract, papaya leaf extract, and cashew apple extract against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar diffusion test. The solutions were divided into four groups: Group I – guava leaf extract, Group II – A. vera extract, and Group III – papaya leaf extract, and Group IV – cashew apple extract. The zones of inhibition of growth were recorded. The strains used for this study were E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and C. albicans ATCC 90028. Results and Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite had demonstrated the best results among the tested solutions. Among the herbal extracts, cashew apple extract and guava leaf extract had shown statistically significant activity against E. faecalis and C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Noushad
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Biji Balan
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Shabhana Basheer
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Shinsus Bin Usman
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - M K Muhammed Askar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Batterjee Medical College of Sciences and Technology, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Solana C, Ruiz-Linares M, Baca P, Valderrama MJ, Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM. Antibiofilm Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite and Alkaline Tetrasodium EDTA Solutions. J Endod 2017; 43:2093-2096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Biofilms in Endodontics-Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081748. [PMID: 28800075 PMCID: PMC5578138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota are found in highly organized and complex entities, known as biofilms, the characteristics of which are fundamentally different from microbes in planktonic suspensions. Root canal infections are biofilm mediated. The complexity and variability of the root canal system, together with the multi-species nature of biofilms, make disinfection of this system extremely challenging. Microbial persistence appears to be the most important factor for failure of root canal treatment and this could further have an impact on pain and quality of life. Biofilm removal is accomplished by a chemo-mechanical process, using specific instruments and disinfecting chemicals in the form of irrigants and/or intracanal medicaments. Endodontic research has focused on the characterization of root canal biofilms and the clinical methods to disrupt the biofilms in addition to achieving microbial killing. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of microbial biofilms in endodontics and review the literature on the role of root canal disinfectants and disinfectant-activating methods on biofilm removal.
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Albuquerque MTP, Nagata J, Bottino MC. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic-eluting Polymer Nanofibers against Multispecies Biofilm. J Endod 2017; 43:S51-S56. [PMID: 28778504 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of microbial flora in cases of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp is both key and a challenging goal for the long-term success of regenerative therapy. Recent research has focused on the development of cell-friendly intracanal drug delivery systems. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial action of 3-dimensional (3D) tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting nanofibrous constructs against a multispecies biofilm on human dentin. Polydioxanone polymer solutions, antibiotic-free or incorporated with metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline, were electrospun into 3D tubular-shaped constructs. A multispecies biofilm consisting of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis was forced inside the dentinal tubules via centrifugation in a dentin slice in vitro model. The infected specimens were exposed to 2 experimental groups (ie, 3D tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting constructs and triple antibiotic paste [TAP]) and 2 control groups (7-day biofilm untreated and antibiotic-free 3D tubular-shaped constructs). Biofilm elimination was quantitatively analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis showed a dense population of viable (green) bacteria adhered to dentin and penetrated into the dentinal tubules. Upon 3D tubular-shaped triple antibiotic-eluting nanofibrous construct exposure, nearly complete elimination of viable bacteria on the dentin surface and inside the dentinal tubules was shown in the CLSM images, which was similar (P < .05) to the bacterial death promoted by the TAP group but significantly greater when compared with both the antibiotic-free 3D tubular-shaped constructs and the control (saline). The proposed 3D tubular-shaped antibiotic-eluting construct showed pronounced antimicrobial effects against the multispecies biofilm tested and therefore holds significant clinical potential as a disinfection strategy before regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T P Albuquerque
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Clinical Dentistry, Endodontics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nagata
- Dentistry Department, Endodontics, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Hillesheim LC, Hoffmann JB, Schuldt DPV, Tedesco M, Bortoluzzi EA, Teixeira CS. Intracanal Irrigating Solutions Prior to Calcium Hydroxide Medication and Its Effects on Root Dentin Strength. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:46-50. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201700698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intracanal irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) prior to calcium hydroxide medication on the compressive strength of root dentin. Forty-eight roots with single and straight canals were instrumented with a crown-down technique using Flexofile files and Gates Glidden burs, under 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) irrigation. Root canals were randomly separated into 4 groups (n=12), according to the irrigating solution: Control Group, 0.9% NaCl; GroupNaOCl, 1% NaOCl; GroupEDTA, 17% EDTA; and GroupEDTA+NaOCl, 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl. Solutions remained for 40 min, renewed every 10 min, except for GroupEDTA+NaOCl, where the solutions were alternated every 10 min. Canals were dried and filled with calcium hydroxide paste, and radiographed. Each canal was sealed and stored at 37 °C for 30 days. After this period, the roots were cut 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction and 6 mm apically from this point in order to obtain 6 mm-long cylinders. The compressive test was conducted with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The means (±SD) (MPa) of compressive strength were: Control Group, 151.23±94.36; GroupNaOCl, 167.50±57.25; GroupEDTA, 108.79±99.88; GroupEDTA+NaOCl, 60.12±92.10. Significant statistical differences among groups were found (ANOVA and Tukey, a=5%, p=0.02). Control Group and GroupNaOCl showed higher means of compressive strength than GroupEDTA+NaOCl. Intracanal irrigation with 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl produced a significant reduction of dentin compressive strength 30 days after medication with calcium hydroxide.
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Borzini L, Condò R, De Dominicis P, Casaglia A, Cerroni L. Root Canal Irrigation: Chemical Agents and Plant Extracts Against Enterococcus faecalis. Open Dent J 2016; 10:692-703. [PMID: 28217184 PMCID: PMC5299586 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various microorganisms related to intra and extra-radicular infections and many of these are involved in persistent infections. Bacterial elimination from the root canal is achieved by means of the mechanical action of instruments and irrigation as well as the antibacterial effects of the irrigating solutions. Enterococcus faecalis can frequently be isolated from root canals in cases of failed root canal treatments. Antimicrobial agents have often been developed and optimized for their activity against endodontic bacteria. An ideal root canal irrigant should be biocompatible, because of its close contact with the periodontal tissues during endodontic treatment. Sodium hypoclorite (NaOCl) is one of the most widely recommended and used endodontic irrigants but it is highly toxic to periapical tissues. OBJECTIVES To analyze the literature on the chemotherapeutic agent and plant extracts studied as root canal irrigants. In particularly, the study is focused on their effect on Enterococcus faecalis. METHOD Literature search was performed electronically in PubMed (PubMed Central, MEDLINE) for articles published in English from 1982 to April 2015. The searched keywords were "endodontic irrigants" and "Enterococcus faecalis" and "essential oil" and "plant extracts". RESULTS Many of the studied chemotherapeutic agents and plant extracts have shown promising results in vitro. CONCLUSION Some of the considered phytotherapic substances, could be a potential alternative to NaOCl for the biomechanical treatment of the endodontic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Borzini
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Condò
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo De Dominicis
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Casaglia
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cerroni
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Pinheiro SL, Azenha GR, Democh YM, Nunes DC, Provasi S, Fontanetti GM, Duarte DA, Fontana CE, da Silveira Bueno CE. Antimicrobial Activity of Photodynamic Therapy Against Enterococcus faecalis Before and After Reciprocating Instrumentation in Permanent Molars. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:646-651. [PMID: 27564995 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis of photodynamic therapy applied before and after reciprocating instrumentation of permanent molars. BACKGROUND Apical extrusion of debris can cause flare-ups due to introduction of bacteria into the periapical tissues. METHODS Eighteen mesial roots from permanent mandibular molars were selected. The crowns were removed to obtain a standard root length of 15 mm. The included mesial roots had an angulation of 10°-40° and canals with independent foramina. The orifice of each mesiolingual canal was sealed with light-curing resin, and the working length was established visually, 1 mm short of the apical foramen. The roots were rendered impermeable and sterilized, and the mesiobuccal canals were contaminated with a standard strain of E. faecalis for 21 days. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): G1, photodynamic therapy performed before instrumentation and irrigation with 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution; G2, photodynamic therapy performed after instrumentation and irrigation with 0.9% NaCl; and G3 (control), instrumentation and irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) solution. Canals were shaped with a WaveOne primary file (25.08) and irrigated with 0.9% NaCl. E. faecalis samples were collected before and after each procedure, and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS Significant reductions in E. faecalis were observed when photodynamic therapy was performed before and after instrumentation of the root canal system (p < 0.05). Reciprocating instrumentation significantly reduced E. faecalis colonies in experimentally contaminated root canal systems (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy was effective in removing E. faecalis from the root canal system, whether performed before or after reciprocating instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro
- School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas-PUC-Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Rodrigues Azenha
- School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas-PUC-Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Marialva Democh
- School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas-PUC-Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Camila Nunes
- School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas-PUC-Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Provasi
- School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas-PUC-Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Masiero Fontanetti
- School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas-PUC-Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Antônio Duarte
- School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas-PUC-Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas-PUC-Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Monitoring the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with periodic renewal of the photosensitizer on intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:123-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Plotino G, Cortese T, Grande NM, Leonardi DP, Di Giorgio G, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. New Technologies to Improve Root Canal Disinfection. Braz Dent J 2016; 27:3-8. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Effective irrigant delivery and agitation are prerequisites to promote root canal disinfection and debris removal and improve successful endodontic treatment. This paper presents an overview of the currently available technologies to improve the cleaning of the endodontic space and their debridement efficacy. A PubMed electronic search was conducted with appropriate key words to identify the relevant literature on this topic. After retrieving the full-text articles, all the articles were reviewed and the most appropriate were included in this review. Several different systems of mechanical activation of irrigants to improve endodontic disinfection were analysed: manual agitation with gutta-percha cones, endodontic instruments or special brushes, vibrating systems activated by low-speed hand-pieces or by sonic or subsonic energy, use of ultrasonic or laser energy to mechanically activate the irrigants and apical negative pressure irrigation systems. Furthermore, this review aims to describe systems designed to improve the intracanal bacterial decontamination by a specific chemical action, such as ozone, direct laser action or light-activated disinfection. The ultrasonic activation of root canal irrigants and of sodium hypochlorite in particular still remains the gold standard to which all other systems of mechanical agitation analyzed in this article were compared. From this overview, it is evident that the use of different irrigation systems can provide several advantages in the clinical endodontic outcome and that integration of new technologies, coupled with enhanced techniques and materials, may help everyday clinical practice.
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Tartari T, Oda DF, Zancan RF, da Silva TL, de Moraes IG, Duarte MAH, Bramante CM. Mixture of alkaline tetrasodium EDTA with sodium hypochlorite promotesin vitrosmear layer removal and organic matter dissolution during biomechanical preparation. Int Endod J 2016; 50:106-114. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tartari
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - D. F. Oda
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. F. Zancan
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - T. L. da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - I. G. de Moraes
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. A. H. Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. M. Bramante
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Abstract
Dental implants may fail to osseointegrate in sites of endodontic failure. This may occur as a result colonization by various anaerobic and facultative bacterial species. If an implant is placed in a site where vegetative bacteria are residing, the implant may fail to integrate if a bacterial colonization proceeds coronally. If the implant apical cortical bone is thin or if there is an apical fenestration, the colonization may proceed through the thin or nonexistent bone through the covering mucosa, relieving inflammatory pressure to create an apical (retrograde) peri-implantitis. Enterococcus faecalis may be the prime culprit in these types of implant failures. After thorough debridement, the implant may be immediately placed after extraction of an endodontically failed tooth, and the patient treated with an appropriate antibiotic. Alternatively waiting for postextraction healing and subsequent implant placement can be done. Nevertheless, either way may allow for the formation of bacterial vegetative forms or biofilms. The implant surface may be colonized when the surface is exposed to the bacteria. Thorough debridement is crucial. Nonetheless, organisms may persist. Randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate this issue.
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Chiniforush N, Pourhajibagher M, Shahabi S, Bahador A. Clinical Approach of High Technology Techniques for Control and Elimination of Endodontic Microbiota. J Lasers Med Sci 2015; 6:139-50. [PMID: 26705458 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2015.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main goal in endodontic treatment is to eradicate or at least reduce intraradicular microbial population to levels that are more compatible with periapical lesions healing process. Since endodontic infections are polymicrobial in nature, intraradicular survival of endodontic microbiota and their pathogenic properties are influenced by a combination of their virulence factors. The purpose of this article is to review the endodontic microbiota and their respective virulence attributes, as well as perform a literature review of the effects of disinfection procedures in the treatment of endodontic infections to gain best practices. Conventional technique for root canal preparation includes mechanical debridement and application of antimicrobial irrigants. Recently, laser irradiation has been used to enhance the results of root canal treatment through its thermal effect. To reduce thermal side effects, laser activated irrigation (LAI) and photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) were introduced. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) by photochemical reaction uses light at a specific wavelength to activate a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to produce cytotoxic products. Different PSs are used in dentistry including methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG) and curcumin. Among different options, ICG could be the best choice due to its peak absorption at wavelength of 808 nm, which coincides with the commercial diode laser devices. Also, this wavelength has more penetration depth compared to other wavelengths used in aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Plotino G, Grande N. Nuove tecnologie per il miglioramento della disinfezione canalare. DENTAL CADMOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(15)30079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Pasqualini D, Alovisi M, Cemenasco A, Mancini L, Paolino DS, Bianchi CC, Roggia A, Scotti N, Berutti E. Micro–Computed Tomography Evaluation of ProTaper Next and BioRace Shaping Outcomes in Maxillary First Molar Curved Canals. J Endod 2015; 41:1706-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moshari AA, Akhlaghi NM, Rahimifard N, Darmiani S. Reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in curved root canals after various sizes and tapers of canal preparation. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18:306-9. [PMID: 26180416 PMCID: PMC4502127 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.159733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in curved root canals after various sizes and tapers of the canal preparation. Materials and Methods: Mandibular first molars (n = 103) with curved mesiobuccal canals were divided into one control (n = 5) and 7 experimental (n = 14) groups, were inoculated with E. faecalis (ATTC 29212) and prepared with the following RaCe files (FKG Dentaire) as master apical file: Groups: 25.04, 25.06, 30.04, 30.06, 35.04, 35.06 and 40.06. All the experimental groups were irrigated with 2 mL of 1% sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation and finally rinsed with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (2 mL) followed by 5.25% NaOCl (2 mL) and sterile distilled water. Colony counting was performed after incubation. Statistical Analysis Used: Resulting data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, (P < 0.05). Results and Conclusions: All the experimental groups showed significant bacterial reduction (P < 0.001). Although the greater the size/taper or both led to more decreased amount of bacteria, differences between the groups with the identical size and different tapers, and among the groups with the same taper and different sizes were not significant. Based on this study, 25.04 along with using 2 mL of 1% NaOCl during instrumentation, and using 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl as final rinse successively after the termination of preparation, can effectively reduce intra-canal bacteria and preserve root structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Moshari
- Department of Endodontic, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Rahimifard
- Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Food and Drug Laboratories Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Darmiani
- Dental Research Center Department, Dental Faculty, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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NAKAMURA VC, CANDEIRO GTDM, CAI S, GAVINI G. Ex vivo evaluation of three instrumentation techniques on E. faecalis biofilm within oval shaped root canals. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100224. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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van der Sluis L, Boutsioukis C, Jiang LM, Macedo R, Verhaagen B, Versluis M. Root Canal Irrigation. SPRINGER SERIES ON BIOFILMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-47415-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Bago Jurič I, Plečko V, Anić I. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-Activated Irrigation Compared with Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and RinsEndo® Against Intracanal Enterococcus faecalis. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 32:600-5. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Bago Jurič
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanda Plečko
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Clinical Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Anić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Tartari T, Guimarães BM, Amoras LS, Duarte MAH, Silva e Souza PAR, Bramante CM. Etidronate causes minimal changes in the ability of sodium hypochlorite to dissolve organic matter. Int Endod J 2014; 48:399-404. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tartari
- Department of Endodontics; Dental School of Bauru; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - B. M. Guimarães
- Department of Endodontics; Dental School of Bauru; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - L. S. Amoras
- Department of Endodontics; Dental School; Federal University of Pará; Belém PA Brazil
| | - M. A. H. Duarte
- Department of Endodontics; Dental School of Bauru; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | | | - C. M. Bramante
- Department of Endodontics; Dental School of Bauru; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
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Silva e Souza PAR, das Dores RSE, Tartari T, Pinheiro TPS, Tuji FM, Silva e Souza MH. Effects of sodium hypochlorite associated with EDTA and etidronate on apical root transportation. Int Endod J 2013; 47:20-5. [PMID: 23710836 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of sodium hypochlorite associated with EDTA and etidronate on apical root transportation. METHODOLOGY Forty-five roots of human mandibular molars with curvatures of 15-25° were embedded in acrylic resin to allow standardized angulation of the initial and final radiographs. The pre-instrumentation radiographs of the mesiobuccal canal of each root were taken using a radiograph digital sensor with a size 15 K-file in the canal. The canals were prepared with the ProTaper Universal system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), using one of the following irrigation regimens during the instrumentation (n = 15): G1 - irrigation with 20 mL of saline solution (control); G2 - alternating irrigation with 2.5% hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) (15 mL); and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (5 mL). During instrumentation, the canal was filled with NaOCl and then between each exchange of instrument filled with EDTA for 1 min, and G3 - irrigation with 20 mL of 5% NaOCl and 18% etidronate solution (HEBP) mixed in equal parts. The postinstrumentation radiographs were made with a F3 instrument in the canal. The images were magnified and superposed with Adobe Photoshop software (Adobe Systems, Mountain View, CA, USA). Apical transportation was determined with AutoCAD 2012 software (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA) by measuring the distance in millimetres between the tips of the instruments. The results were subjected to the nonparametric statistical Kruskal-Wallis test (α < 0.05). RESULTS The median transportation and interquartile range values were 0.00 ± 0.05 for G1, 0.08 ± 0.23 for G2 and 0.13 ± 0.14 for G3. Comparison between groups showed that apical transportation in G3 was significantly greater than in G1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The use of NaOCl associated with etidronate increased apical transportation in the canals of extracted teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Silva e Souza
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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39
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Herczegh A, Ghidan A, Friedreich D, Gyurkovics M, Bendő Z, Lohinai Z. Effectiveness of a high purity chlorine dioxide solution in eliminating intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2013; 60:63-75. [PMID: 23529300 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.60.2013.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) solution in comparison to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) in the elimination of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Extracted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis. After preparation the canals were irrigated with ClO2, NaOCl, CHX or physiologic saline for control. Two and five days later bacterial samples were collected and streaked onto Columbia agar. CFU/mL were counted. The canal walls were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gas phase was investigated in an upside down Petri dish where E. faecalis was inoculated onto blood agar. The irrigants were placed on absorbent paper into the cover. Bacteria were detectable in the control group, but not in any of the irrigants groups. There was a massive reinfection 2 or 5 days after irrigation in the control group. The lowest reinfection was found after the ClO2 treatment. These findings were confirmed by SEM images. We observed an antibacterial effect of ClO2 and NaOCl gas phases on E. faecalis growth, but not of CHX. ClO2 eliminates intracanal biofilm and keeps canal nearly free from bacteria. We suggest the use of high purity ClO2 as a root canal irrigant in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herczegh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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40
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Abo-Hamar SE. Effect of endodontic irrigation and dressing procedures on the shear bond strength of composite to coronal dentin. J Adv Res 2013; 4:61-7. [PMID: 25685402 PMCID: PMC4195453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-endodontic irrigation procedures used alone or in combinations with two intermediate dressing materials on bond strengths of two adhesive composite systems to coronal dentin. Surfaces were treated with NaOCl or NaOCl–Glyde-File-Prep (H2O2 and EDTA) with or without chlorhexidine (CHX) as a final rinse. Intermediate dressing materials of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and sodium perborate (SP) were combined with surface treatments. Surface treatment groups (n = 10/group) included (1) distilled water (control), (2) 5.25% NaOCl (30 min), (3) NaOCl/Glyde (30 min), (4) NaOCl/Glyde (30 min) + CHX (2 min), (5) NaOCl/Glyde (30 min) + Ca(OH)2 (5 days) + CHX (2 min), and (6) NaOCl/Glyde (30 min) + SP (9 days) + CHX (2 min). For each surface treatment group, dentin shear bond strengths of two different composite systems (Excite/Tetric Flow Chroma, [EX/TFC], and Clearfil Protect Bond/Protect Liner F [PB/PLF]) were evaluated. Median shear bond strengths (EX/TFC, PB/PLF) for each surface treatment group in MPa were (1) 21, 18; (2) 26, 18; (3) 21, 17; (4) 22, 16; (5) 17, 11; and (6) 14, 11, respectively. NaOCl significantly increased the bond strength of EX/TFC (p < 0.05), but did not significantly affect that of PB/PLF. The use of NaOCl/Glyde with CHX did not significantly affect EX/TFC (p > 0.05), whereas it significantly decreased PB/PLF (p < 0.05). Ca(OH)2 and SP significantly decreased the bond strengths of both adhesive systems (p < 0.05). Adhesion to coronal dentin is dependent upon the irrigation regimen and the type of adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar E Abo-Hamar
- University of Tanta, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials, El-Geish Street, 31111 Tanta, Egypt
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41
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Evaluation of the different irrigation regimens with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in removing the smear layer during root canal preparation. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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42
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43
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Nakamura VC, Cai S, Candeiro GTM, Ferrari PH, Caldeira CL, Gavini G. Ex vivoevaluation of the effects of several root canal preparation techniques and irrigation regimens on a mixed microbial infection. Int Endod J 2012; 46:217-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. C. Nakamura
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - S. Cai
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - G. T. M. Candeiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - P. H. Ferrari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - C. L. Caldeira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - G. Gavini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
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Costa EMMDB, Evangelista APDA, Medeiros ACDD, Dametto FR, Carvalho RAD. In vitro evaluation of the root canal cleaning ability of plant extracts and their antimicrobial action. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26:215-21. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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45
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Ferrer-Luque CM, Conde-Ortiz A, Arias-Moliz MT, Valderrama MJ, Baca P. Residual Activity of Chelating Agents and their Combinations with Cetrimide on Root Canals Infected with Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2012; 38:826-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Aranda-Garcia AR, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria-Júnior NB, Chavez-Andrade GM, Leonardo RT, Tanomaru-Filho M, Bonetti-Filho I. Antibacterial effectiveness of several irrigating solutions and the Endox Plus system - anex vivostudy. Int Endod J 2012; 45:1091-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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van der Waal SV, van der Sluis LWM. Potential of calcium to scaffold an endodontic biofilm, thus protecting the micro-organisms from disinfection. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:1-4. [PMID: 22537407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms in the root canal of a tooth (endodontic biofilm) can induce and sustain apical periodontitis which is an oral inflammatory disease. Still, little is known about the composition of the endodontic biofilm. Studies on biofilms in root canals focus on the identification of the microbial species, but the majority of the biofilm consists of matrix material. Environmental aspects determine the structure of the biofilm and extracellular matrix. Calcium is involved in biofilm formation and activity at three levels. Firstly in cell-environment; calcium may 'condition' the surfaces of support and bacterial cells. Secondly, in cell-cell interaction; calcium plays a role in build up of biofilm structures. Typically, calcium ions act as 'cation bridges' between polysaccharides originating from different cells. Thirdly, within cells, calcium is required for certain biochemical reactions in bacteria and some bacterial physiological activities. Because calcium is present in the root canal, it could play a significant role in the organization of the biofilm. Chelators, already used in endodontics to remove the smear layer by disintegration of the structural cohesion calcium bonds, could weaken the biofilm matrix by removing calcium from the extracellular matrix thus disturbing its coherence. Subsequently, this disruption could increase the efficacy of disinfecting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzette V van der Waal
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Department of Conservative & Preventive Dentistry, Room 13N-15, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Meire MA, Coenye T, Nelis HJ, De Moor RJG. Evaluation of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG irradiation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite treatment on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Int Endod J 2012; 45:482-91. [PMID: 22243483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.02000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two-high power lasers (Nd:YAG and Er:YAG) and two commercial antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) systems with that of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) action on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms grown on dentine discs. METHODOLOGY Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown on dentine discs in a microtiter plate, incubated for 24 h and subjected to the following treatments: aPDT (Denfotex and Helbo system), Er:YAG laser irradiation (2940 nm, 50 mJ or 100 mJ, 15 Hz, 40 s), Nd:YAG laser irradiation (1064 nm, 2 W, 15 Hz, 40 s) and immersion in 2.5% (w/v) NaOCl for 1, 5, 10 and 30 min. Surviving bacteria were harvested, and the number of CFU per disc was determined by plate counting. RESULTS Significant reductions (anova, P ≤ 0.05) in viable counts were observed for aPDT (Helbo) (2 log(10) reduction), Er:YAG irradiation using 100 mJ pulses (4.3 log(10) reduction) and all NaOCl treatments (>6 log(10) reduction). NaOCl (2.5%) for 5 min effectively eliminated all bacteria. aPDT (Denfotex), Er:YAG irradiation using 50 mJ pulses and Nd:YAG treatment caused a reduction in the viable counts of <1 log(10) unit; these results were not significantly different from the untreated controls. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this particular laboratory set-up, NaOCl was the most effective in E. faecalis biofilm elimination, while Er:YAG laser treatment (100 mJ pulses) also resulted in high reductions in viable counts. The use of both commercial aPDT systems resulted in a weak reduction in the number of E. faecalis cells. Nd:YAG irradiation was the least effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Meire
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Dental School, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Gründling GL, Zechin JG, Jardim WM, de Oliveira SD, de Figueiredo JAP. Effect of Ultrasonics on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in a Bovine Tooth Model. J Endod 2011; 37:1128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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50
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Kranz S, Guellmar A, Völpel A, Gitter B, Albrecht V, Sigusch BW. Photodynamic suppression of Enterococcus faecalis
using the photosensitizer mTHPC. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 43:241-8. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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