1
|
Rey G, Schuetz F, Schroeder D, Kaluschke C, Wendeler MW, Hofmann I, Dumbliauskas E, Obrdlik P. Automated ELISA for potency measurements of therapeutic antibodies and antibody fragments. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116141. [PMID: 38678856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Potency assays are essential for the development and quality control of biopharmaceutical drugs, but they are often a time limiting factor due to manual handling steps and consequently low analytical throughput. On the other hand, automation of potency assays can be challenging due to their complexity and the use of biological materials. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is widely used for potency determination and is a good candidate for automation as all ELISA types depend on the same basic steps: coating, blocking, sample incubation, detection, and signal measurement. Nevertheless, ELISA for relative potency measurements still require drug-specific development and assay validation thereby complicating automation efforts. To simplify potency testing by ELISA, we first developed a manual protocol generally applicable to different drugs and then adapted this protocol for automated measurements. We identified unexpected critical parameters which had to be adapted to transfer the manual ELISA to an automated liquid handling system and we demonstrated that gravimetric sample dilution is unnecessary with the automated protocol. Both manual and automated protocols were validated and compared using multiple biotherapeutics. The automated protocol showed similar or higher precision and accuracy when compared to the manual method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rey
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development Biologics, Analytical Development Bioanalytics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Schuetz
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development Biologics, Analytical Development Bioanalytics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schroeder
- Current address: EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Kaluschke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development Biologics, Analytical Development Bioanalytics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus W Wendeler
- Current address: Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a. d. R., Germany
| | - Irmgard Hofmann
- Current address: TA Oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Eva Dumbliauskas
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development Biologics, Analytical Development Bioanalytics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Obrdlik
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development Biologics, Analytical Development Bioanalytics, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dahlseid T, Florea A, Schulte G, Cash K, Xu X, Tattersall P, Wang Q, Stoll D. Changes in the cis-trans isomer selectivity of a reversed-phase liquid chromatography column during use with acidic mobile phase conditions. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464371. [PMID: 37725873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is the analytical tool of choice for monitoring process-related organic impurities and degradants in pharmaceutical materials. Its popularity is due to its general ease-of-use, high performance, and reproducibility in most cases, all of which have improved as the technique has matured over the past few decades. Nevertheless, in our work we still occasionally observe situations where RPLC methods are not as robust as we would like them to be in practice due to variations in stationary phase chemistry between manufactured batches (i.e., lot-to-lot variability), and changes in stationary phase chemistry over time. Over the last three decades several models of RPLC selectivity have been developed and used to quantify and rationalize the effects of numerous parameters (e.g., effect of bonded phase density) on separation selectivity. The Hydrophobic Subtraction Model (HSM) of RPLC selectivity has been used extensively for these purposes; currently the publicly available database of column parameters contains data for 750 columns. In this work we explored the possibility that the HSM could be used to better understand the chemical basis of observed differences in stationary phase selectivity when they occur - for example, lot-to-lot variations or changes in selectivity during column use. We focused our attention on differences and changes in the observed selectivity for a pair of cis-trans isomers of a pharmaceutical intermediate. Although this is admittedly a challenging case, we find that the observed changes in selectivity are not strongly correlated with HSM column parameters, suggesting that there is a gap in the information provided by the HSM with respect to cis-trans isomer selectivity specifically. Further work with additional probe molecules showed that larger changes in cis-trans isomer selectivity were observed for pairs of molecules with greater molecular complexity, compared to the selectivity changes observed for simpler molecules. These results do not provide definitive answers to questions about the chemical basis of changes in stationary phase chemistry that lead to observed differences in cis-trans isomer selectivity. However, the results do provide important insights about the critical importance of molecular complexity when choosing probe compounds and indicate opportunities to develop improved selectivity models with increased sensitivity for cis-trans isomer selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Dahlseid
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA
| | - Alexandru Florea
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA
| | - Grace Schulte
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA
| | - Kathryn Cash
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA
| | - Peter Tattersall
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA
| | - Dwight Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Transfer of the “Assay” and “Dissolution” Methods: Comparative Testing and Acceptance Criteria (Review). Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Xu X, Xu H, Shang Y, Zhu R, Hong X, Song Z, Yang Z. Development of the general chapters of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition: A review. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:398-404. [PMID: 34513116 PMCID: PMC8424356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition was reviewed and approved by the National Medical Products Administration and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China in July 2020. The current edition was officially implemented on December 30, 2020. The general chapters of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia discuss the general testing methods and guidelines, which are the common requirements and basis for the implementation of drug standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Owing to adherence to the principles of scientificity, versatility, operability, and sustainable development, there is an improvement in the general chapters of the 2020 edition over those of the previous editions. Further, the application of advanced and mature analytical techniques has expanded, the development of testing methods for exogenous pollutants in traditional Chinese medicines has been strengthened, and technical requirements are now better harmonized with international standards. The updated edition provides technical and methodological support to ensure safety, effectiveness, and control of pharmaceuticals in China and will play an important and active role in encouraging the application of advanced technologies, improving the quality control of medicines, and strengthening the means of drug regulation in China. This review provides a comprehensive introduction of the main features of and changes to the general chapters in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition and aims to provide reference for its correct understanding and accurate implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xu
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Huayu Xu
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Xiaoxu Hong
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Zonghua Song
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Zhaopeng Yang
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Method transfer assessment for boric acid assays according to different pharmacopoeias' monographs. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Homšek A, Marković B, Bogavac-Stanojević N, Vladimirov S, Karljiković-Rajić K. Method Transfer Evaluation for Digital Derivative Spectrophotometry Through its Resolution Parameter Comparison of Different Computer Programs. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:525-535. [PMID: 32167375 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819889374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application assessment of different programs was performed with equivalence tests for method transfer pro second-order derivative spectrophotometry. The digital second-order derivative spectra were calculated on different instruments; GBC Scientific Equipment Cintra 20 (Cintral v.2.6 and Spectral v.1.70 software programs) and Thermo Scientific Evolution 300 (VISIONPro software) were analyzed using the amplitude A/B ratio (A = 2D265,263; B = 2D263,261). Amplitude A/B ratio is the resolution parameter for derivative spectrophotometry prescribed in European Pharmacopoeia. The obtained values for A/B ratio were either very similar or significantly different among programs: 0.669 (Cintral v.2.6), 0.549 (Spectral v.1.70), 0.556 (medium indirect VISIONPro), 0.557 (one-step Savitzky-Golay 7 VISIONPro), 0.689 (two-step Savitzky-Golay 7 VISIONPro). Method transfer was possible between Spectral v.1.70 and VISIONPro (medium indirect and one-step Savitzky-Golay 7), but the values obtained in Cintral v.2.6 were not comparable to the other programs. The absorbance data exported from both instruments were additionally calculated in OriginPro8 which provided almost the same mean A/B values (0.627 Cintral v.2.6; 0.624 VISIONPro), confirming that the two instruments recorded the same zero-order spectra. The calculation of resolution parameter could be used for verification of program comparison, which would enable transfer between sender and receiver laboratory. The accordance between program algorithms was confirmed when acceptable differences for values of resolution parameter (A/B ratios) were achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Homšek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Marković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Sote Vladimirov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sokolowska I, Mo J, Rahimi Pirkolachahi F, McVean C, Meijer LAT, Switzar L, Balog C, Lewis MJ, Hu P. Implementation of a High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method in Quality Control Laboratories for Release and Stability Testing of a Commercial Antibody Product. Anal Chem 2019; 92:2369-2373. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sokolowska
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Jingjie Mo
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Fatie Rahimi Pirkolachahi
- Janssen Supply Chain One Lab, Janssen Biologics BV, Einsteinweg 101, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carol McVean
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Lars A. T. Meijer
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV, Einsteinweg 101, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Switzar
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV, Einsteinweg 101, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Crina Balog
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV, Einsteinweg 101, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Lewis
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Ping Hu
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Welling MT, Liu L, Hazekamp A, Dowell A, King GJ. Developing Robust Standardised Analytical Procedures for Cannabinoid Quantification: Laying the Foundations for an Emerging Cannabis-Based Pharmaceutical Industry. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2019; 2:1-13. [PMID: 34676328 PMCID: PMC8489335 DOI: 10.1159/000496868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant genus Cannabis is a prolific producer of unique pharmaceutically relevant metabolites, commonly referred to as cannabinoids. Robust and standardised methods for the quantification of cannabinoids within botanical and drug forms is a critical step forward for an emerging Cannabis-based pharmaceutical industry, which is poised for rapid expansion. Despite a growing body of analytical methods for the quantification of cannabinoids, few have been validated using internationally accredited guidelines. Moreover, standardised methods have yet to be developed for application at various stages of manufacture as well as for different levels of processing and refinement. Validation parameters for establishing robust standardised methods for cannabinoid quantification within Cannabis-based drug forms are critically discussed. Determining an appropriate level of specificity (discrimination) among heterogeneous botanical matrices as well as evaluating accuracy (recovery) and inter-laboratory precision (reproducibility) within strict and volatile regulatory environments are potential obstacles to the establishment of robust analytical procedures. We argue that while some of these challenges remain unique to Cannabis, others are common to botanical-based drug development and manufacture. In order to address potential barriers to analytical method standardisation, a collaborative research initiative inclusive of academic and commercial stakeholders is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Welling
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arno Hazekamp
- Hazekamp Herbal Consulting BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley Dowell
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parr MK, Schmidt AH. Life cycle management of analytical methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:506-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Design and statistical analysis of method transfer studies for biotechnology products. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:595-600. [PMID: 28513183 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
11
|
Alhazmi HA, Deeb SE, Nachbar M, Redweik S, Albishri HM, El-Hady DA, Wätzig H. Optimization of affinity capillary electrophoresis for routine investigations of protein-metal ion interactions. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3629-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy; Jazan University; Jazan Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Markus Nachbar
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Sabine Redweik
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hassan M. Albishri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Deia Abd El-Hady
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Robust, fit-for-purpose method transfer: why we should apply equivalence testing. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:807-14. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient method transfer is the key in advancing drug candidates through development and requires careful planning and communication between the two laboratories. Successful transfers require robust bioanalytical methods that allow for some small deviations from the method in sender laboratory; however, by keeping the fundamentals of the sender method intact. The equivalence of data produced at both sides should be tested by mutually prepared and analyzed QCs and by analyzing incurred samples at both sides and assessed by a statistical equivalence testing. Current regulatory bodies’ guidances provide very limited direction for experimental setup and evaluation of transfer. This perspective paper gives an overview of the available approaches and proposes a way forward for the bioanalytical community.
Collapse
|