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Ivanov A, Shamagsumova R, Larina M, Evtugyn G. Electrochemical Acetylcholinesterase Sensors for Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Drug Determination. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 38392012 PMCID: PMC10886970 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as one of the most common causes of dementia, result in progressive losses of cholinergic neurons and a reduction in the presynaptic markers of the cholinergic system. These consequences can be compensated by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) followed by a decrease in the rate of acetylcholine hydrolysis. For this reason, anticholinesterase drugs with reversible inhibition effects are applied for the administration of neurodegenerative diseases. Their overdosage, variation in efficiency and recommendation of an individual daily dose require simple and reliable measurement devices capable of the assessment of the drug concentration in biological fluids and medications. In this review, the performance of electrochemical biosensors utilizing immobilized cholinesterases is considered to show their advantages and drawbacks in the determination of anticholinesterase drugs. In addition, common drugs applied in treating neurodegenerative diseases are briefly characterized. The immobilization of enzymes, nature of the signal recorded and its dependence on the transducer modification are considered and the analytical characteristics of appropriate biosensors are summarized for donepezil, huperzine A, rivastigmine, eserine and galantamine as common anti-dementia drugs. Finally, the prospects for the application of AChE-based biosensors in clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ivanov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Rezeda Shamagsumova
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Marina Larina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Ivanov A, Stoikov D, Shafigullina I, Shurpik D, Stoikov I, Evtugyn G. Flow-Through Acetylcholinesterase Sensor with Replaceable Enzyme Reactor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090676. [PMID: 36140061 PMCID: PMC9496324 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fast and reliable determination of enzyme inhibitors are of great importance in environmental monitoring and biomedicine because of the high biological activity and toxicity of such species and the necessity of their reliable assessment in many media. In this work, a flow-through biosensor has been developed and produced by 3D printing from poly(lactic acid). Acetylcholinesterase from an electric eel was immobilized on the inner walls of the reactor cell. The concentration of thiocholine formed in enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate was monitored amperometrically with a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with carbon black particles, pillar[5]arene, electropolymerized Methylene blue and thionine. In the presence of thiocholine, the cathodic current at −0.25 V decreased because of an alternative chemical reaction of the macrocycle. The conditions of enzyme immobilization and signal measurements were optimized and the performance of the biosensor was assessed in the determination of reversible (donepezil, berberine) and irreversible (carbofuran) inhibitors. In the optimal conditions, the flow-through biosensor made it possible to determine 1.0 nM–1.0 μM donepezil, 1.0 μM–1.0 mM berberine and 10 nM to 0.1 μM carbofuran. The AChE biosensor was tested on spiked samples of artificial urine for drugs and peanuts for carbofuran. Possible interference of the sample components was eliminated by dilution of the samples with phosphate buffer. Easy mounting, low cost of replaceable parts of the cell and satisfactory analytical and metrological characteristics made the biosensor a promising future application as a point-of-care or point-of-demand device outside of a chemical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ivanov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(843)-233-74-91
| | - Dmitry Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Insiya Shafigullina
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry Shurpik
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Shamagsumova RV, Vasyk AV, Shurpik DN, Evtugin VG, Stoikov II, Evtugin GA. An Acetylcholinesterase Sensor Based on a Pillar[6]arene–Silver Nanoparticle Composite for the Determination of Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shamagsumova R, Shurpik D, Kuzin Y, Stoikov I, Rogov A, Evtugyn G. Pillar[6]arene: Electrochemistry and Application in Electrochemical (Bio)sensors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen H, Simoska O, Lim K, Grattieri M, Yuan M, Dong F, Lee YS, Beaver K, Weliwatte S, Gaffney EM, Minteer SD. Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions of Bioelectrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12903-12993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samali Weliwatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erin M. Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Precision medicine in Alzheimer’s disease: An origami paper-based electrochemical device for cholinesterase inhibitors. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grella Miranda C, dos Santos PDF, do Prado Silva JT, Vitória Leimann F, Ferreira Borges B, Miguel Abreu R, Porto Ineu R, Hess Gonçalves O. Influence of nanoencapsulated lutein on acetylcholinesterase activity: In vitro determination, kinetic parameters, and in silico docking simulations. Food Chem 2020; 307:125523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nartop D, Yetim NK, Özkan EH, Sarı N. Enzyme immobilization on polymeric microspheres containing Schiff base for detection of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Love Wave Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor with Laser-Deposited Nanoporous Gold Sensitive Layer. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19204492. [PMID: 31623258 PMCID: PMC6833045 DOI: 10.3390/s19204492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Laser-deposited gold immobilization layers with different porosities were incorporated into Love Wave Surface Acoustic Wave sensors (LW-SAWs). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme was immobilized onto three gold interfaces with different morphologies, and the sensor response to chloroform was measured. The response of the sensors to various chloroform concentrations indicates that their sensing properties (sensitivity, limit of detection) are considerably improved when the gold layers are porous, in comparison to a conventional dense gold layer. The results obtained can be used to improve properties of SAW-based biosensors by controlling the nanostructure of the gold immobilization layer, in combination with other enzymes and proteins, since the design of the present sensor is the same as that for a Love Wave biosensor.
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Ivanov A, Davletshina R, Sharafieva I, Evtugyn G. Electrochemical biosensor based on polyelectrolyte complexes for the determination of reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Talanta 2019; 194:723-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Guo J, Lin H, Wang J, Lin Y, Zhang T, Jiang Z. Recent advances in bio-affinity chromatography for screening bioactive compounds from natural products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 165:182-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Shamagsumova RV, Yu. Efimova O, Gorbatchuk VV, Evtugyn VG, Stoikov II, Evtugyn GA. Electrochemical Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Based on Polylactide–Nanosilver Composite for the Determination of Anti-dementia Drugs. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1557202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda V. Shamagsumova
- Chemistry Institute named after A.M. Butlerov of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Yu. Efimova
- Chemistry Institute named after A.M. Butlerov of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vladimir G. Evtugyn
- Interdisciplinary Center of Analytical Microscopy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan I. Stoikov
- Chemistry Institute named after A.M. Butlerov of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady A. Evtugyn
- Chemistry Institute named after A.M. Butlerov of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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Alekhina MI, Shormanov VK, Nikitina TN, Markelova AM. [Investigations into the distribution of neohistamine methylsulfate in the organism of the warm blooded animals following its intragastric administration]. Sud Med Ekspert 2019; 62:40-47. [PMID: 31213591 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20196202140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective - of the present study was to elucidate the specific features of the distribution of neohistamine methylsulfate (proserin) in the organism of the omnivorous warm blooded animals following its intragastric administration. The analytical methods included TLC, HPLC, and UV-spectrophotometry. Neohistamine methylsulfate was administered intrgastrically to the male Wistar rats at a dose equivalent to the triple LD50 dose. The substance of interest was extracted by acetone from the biological matrices of the dead animals and purified by sequential treatment with the relevant solvents and chromatography in a thin layer of the reverse-phase sorbent (C14-C15 bonded phase model) with the elution in the buffer solution (pH 1.98) - acetone (8:2) system. The compound of interest was identified based on the Rf values (obtained by TLC), retention time (in HPLC), and the spectral characteristics. The quantitative determination of the analyte in the biomatrices was performed with the use of UV spectrophotometry. The analytical methods were validated based on the criteria for linearity, selectivity, correctness, and precision as well as detection threshold and results of quantitation. The largest amount of the study compound were determined in the heart (365.2±33.94 mcg/g), spleen (288.6±24.97 mcg/g), kidney (127.6±9.33 mcg/g), and the gastric walls (124.6±12.17 mcg/g) of the experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Alekhina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and pharmaceutical Technologies, N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Voronezh, Russia, 394036
| | - V K Shormanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Toxicological and Analytical Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia, 305041
| | - T N Nikitina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and pharmaceutical Technologies, N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Voronezh, Russia, 394036
| | - A M Markelova
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Toxicological and Analytical Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia, 305041
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Dinca V, Viespe C, Brajnicov S, Constantinoiu I, Moldovan A, Bonciu A, Toader CN, Ginghina RE, Grigoriu N, Dinescu M, Scarisoreanu ND. MAPLE Assembled Acetylcholinesterase⁻Polyethylenimine Hybrid and Multilayered Interfaces for Toxic Gases Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4265. [PMID: 30518102 PMCID: PMC6308966 DOI: 10.3390/s18124265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developing a controlled method for obtaining hybrid enzymatic-based interfaces for sensing application require the use of a multiuse, reusable sensor. By controlling the interface characteristics in terms of the surface chemistry, thickness, and roughness, a tailored response toward various toxic compounds can be obtained, regarding both materials used as active surfaces and fabrication methods. Herein, we report a preliminary study on using a laser-based method (i.e., matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation, or MAPLE) for obtaining active polymeric⁻enzymatic interfaces as hybrid or layered coatings for detecting toxic vapors. The MAPLE fabrication consisted of the simultaneous alternating evaporation of layers of polyethylenimine (PEI) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in order to obtain active surfaces as both hybrid PEI-AchE and a PEI/AchE layered coating, respectively. The deposition processes of the polymer and enzyme were carried out using a double-target system and a Nd:YAG pulsed laser, operating at 0.45 J/cm² fluences with a wavelength of 266 nm and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed no significant changes in the functional groups of both hybrid and layered coatings compared with the initial material. The thickness and roughness, as well as the morphologies of the coatings revealed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed coatings thicker than two μm that had smooth surfaces and average roughness values below six nm. The sensors were tested with simulants for nerve gases and pesticides containing phosphonate ester groups, namely dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), and a different sensitivity was shown to the selected chemical agents for each of the sensors. The best sensitivities for DMMP and DIMP obtained by using a PEI-AchE coated sensor are 65 kHz and 200 kHz, respectively, whereas the best sensitivity when using multilayered interfaces is 30 kHz and 10 KHz for DIMP and DMMP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Dinca
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO, Bucharest 077125, Romania.
| | - Cristian Viespe
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO, Bucharest 077125, Romania.
| | - Simona Brajnicov
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO, Bucharest 077125, Romania.
| | - Izabela Constantinoiu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO, Bucharest 077125, Romania.
| | - Antoniu Moldovan
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO, Bucharest 077125, Romania.
| | - Anca Bonciu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO, Bucharest 077125, Romania.
| | | | | | - Nicoleta Grigoriu
- Scientific Research Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, Bucharest 041309, Romania.
| | - Maria Dinescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO, Bucharest 077125, Romania.
| | - Nicu Doinel Scarisoreanu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO, Bucharest 077125, Romania.
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El Harrad L, Bourais I, Mohammadi H, Amine A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Enzyme Inhibition for Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E164. [PMID: 29315246 PMCID: PMC5795370 DOI: 10.3390/s18010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A large number of enzyme inhibitors are used as drugs to treat several diseases such as gout, diabetes, AIDS, depression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Electrochemical biosensors based on enzyme inhibition are useful devices for an easy, fast and environment friendly monitoring of inhibitors like drugs. In the last decades, electrochemical biosensors have shown great potentials in the detection of different drugs like neostigmine, ketoconazole, donepezil, allopurinol and many others. They attracted increasing attention due to the advantage of being high sensitive and accurate analytical tools, able to reach low detection limits and the possibility to be performed on real samples. This review will spotlight the research conducted in the past 10 years (2007-2017) on inhibition based enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for the analysis of different drugs. New assays based on novel bio-devices will be debated. Moreover, the exploration of the recent graphical approach in diagnosis of reversible and irreversible inhibition mechanism will be discussed. The accurate and the fast diagnosis of inhibition type will help researchers in further drug design improvements and the identification of new molecules that will serve as new enzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna El Harrad
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammadia B.P.146, Morocco.
| | - Ilhame Bourais
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammadia B.P.146, Morocco.
| | - Hasna Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammadia B.P.146, Morocco.
| | - Aziz Amine
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammadia B.P.146, Morocco.
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Tang Y, Liu S, Pi R, Cheng Z. An immobilization multienzyme microfluidic chip for acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay by fluorescence method. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bi-enzyme immobilized microfluidic device was developed for the rapid enzyme inhibition assay by fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Sufang Liu
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Zhiyi Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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Karadas-Bakirhan N, Sarakbi A, Vandeput M, Ozkan SA, Kauffmann JM. Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric Detection at a Silver Based Detector for the Determination of Thiocompounds: Application to the Assay of Thiopurine Antimetabolites in Urine. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6730-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul Karadas-Bakirhan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department
of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmad Sarakbi
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marie Vandeput
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department
of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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